DOCSLIB.ORG

Faunal Migration Into the Late Permian Zechstein Basin – Evidence from Bryozoan Palaeobiogeography ⁎ Anne M

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Faunal Migration Into the Late Permian Zechstein Basin – Evidence from Bryozoan Palaeobiogeography ⁎ Anne M Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 251 (2007) 198–209 www.elsevier.com/locate/palaeo Faunal migration into the Late Permian Zechstein Basin – Evidence from bryozoan palaeobiogeography ⁎ Anne M. Sørensen a, Eckart Håkansson a, Lars Stemmerik a,b, a Department of Geography and Geology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark b Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark Received 24 October 2006; received in revised form 8 March 2007; accepted 19 March 2007 Abstract Late Permian bryozoans from the Wegener Halvø, Ravnefjeld and Schuchert Formations in East Greenland have been investigated. 14 genera are recognised. Integration of the new bryozoan data from the Upper Permian of East Greenland with data on the distribution of Permian bryozoans along the northern margin of Pangea is used to test hypotheses concerning Late Palaeozoic evolution of the North Atlantic region. During the Permian, the Atlantic rift system formed a seaway between Norway and Greenland from the boreal Barents Shelf to the warm and arid Zechstein Basin. This seaway is considered to be the only marine connection to the Zechstein Basin and therefore the only possible migration route for bryozoans to enter the basin. The distribution of Permian bryozoans is largely in keeping with such a connection from the cool Barents Shelf past the East Greenland Basin to the warm Zechstein Basin and also corroborates the change in temperature through this connection. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Bryozoans; East Greenland; Palaeobiogeography; Permian; Zechstein Basin 1. Introduction Worsley, 2005). This is in concert with global palaeogeo- graphic reconstructions indicating that Pangaea drifted The Upper Palaeozoic successions of the Sverdrup more than 2500 km northward during this time period, so Basin of Arctic Canada and the North Greenland– that the North Greenland–Norwegian Barents Sea area Svalbard–Norwegian Barents Sea area along the northern moved from c. 20°N latitude in the mid-Carboniferous to c. margin of Pangaea record overall changes in palaeoclimatic 45°N latitude in the Late Permian (Fig. 1; Golonka, 2000; conditions from subtropical and arid in the Late Carbon- Scotese, 2004). The subtropical northern Pangean shelf iferous to temperate in the Late Permian (Beauchamp, was connected south-eastwards to the Tethys Ocean during 1994; Beauchamp and Desrochers, 1997; Stemmerik, Late Carboniferous–Early Permian time, but collision 1997, 2000; Beauchamp and Baud, 2003; Stemmerik and between Laurussia and Siberia during later Permian times apparently disrupted this connection and led to develop- ment of more distinctive Late Permian faunal provinces ⁎ Corresponding author. Present address: Department of Geography and Geology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 (Fig. 1; Henderson and Mei, 2000). Copenhagen K, Denmark. The Late Permian Zechstein Basin of NW Europe is a E-mail address: [email protected] (L. Stemmerik). marine, partly evaporitic intracratonic basin located at c. 0031-0182/$ - see front matter © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.03.045 A.M. Sørensen et al. / Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 251 (2007) 198–209 199 Fig. 1. Late Permian global reconstruction showing the position of the Zechstein Basin (Z), Greenland (G) and Svalbard, and conodont fauna provinces. Based on Golonka (2000) and Henderson and Mei (2000). 20°N palaeolatitude immediately west of the Tethys bryozoan fauna of the Upper Permian carbonates of Ocean (Fig. 1). The lower part of the depositional suc- central East Greenland, located at a palaeolatitude of c. cession is dominated by open marine platform carbo- 32°–35°N, midway between the Boreal cool-water nates and reefs with a rather endemic fauna with carbonate platforms of North Greenland–Norwegian little in common with the Tethyan fauna of the time- Barents Sea and the warm and arid areas of the equivalent successions in the Austrian and Italian Alps Zechstein basin in NW Europe (Stemmerik, 2001). (e.g. Hollingworth and Tucker, 1987; Ernst, 2001a). The sediments and associated fauna form an important This has led to the common belief that the Zechstein link between the Late Permian cool- and warm-water Basin was semi-enclosed, separated by a land barrier carbonate realms, and the East Greenland bryozoans from the Tethys Ocean and connected northwards to the combined with published bryozoan data from North Arctic Boreal Ocean via the rifted seaway between Greenland, Svalbard and the western Tethys provide Greenland and Norway (Fig. 1). To test and further better understanding of Late Permian biogeography and substantiate this hypothesis, we have studied the the faunal migration into the Zechstein Basin. Fig. 2. Correlation of Permian lithostratigraphic units in Spitsbergen, Bjørnøya, North Greenland, East Greenland and the Zechstein Basin. Modified from Stemmerik (2000). 200 A.M. Sørensen et al. / Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 251 (2007) 198–209 2. Permian stratigraphy and facies The Permian succession in the Svalbard–Norwegian Barents Sea area belongs to three groups which reflect the Marine Permian deposits are known from outcrops changes in palaeoclimate over time (Fig. 2; Stemmerik, and cores in NW Europe, East Greenland, North Green- 1997; Larssen et al., 2005; Stemmerik and Worsley, land, Svalbard and the offshore areas of the Barents 2005). The Asselian–Sakmarian part of the Gipsdalen Shelf and the mid-Norwegian shelf (Stemmerik, 2000). Group consists mostly of platform carbonates with a Lower Permian marine strata are confined to the North diverse chloro-foramol biota typical of Permian warm- Greenland–Norwegian Barents Sea area in the north water shelf areas (see Beauchamp, 1994). The carbonate whereas marine Upper Permian sediments are known platforms surround deep halite basins thus implying from the entire region. overall warm and arid conditions during Early Permian Fig. 3. Asselian–Kazanian palaeogeographic reconstructions of the western Tethys, Russian Platform, NW Europe and Greenland showing composition of the bryozoan fauna. For numbers, refer to Table 1. Green: land; light blue: shelves; dark blue: oceanic. Note the closure of the strait between the Tethys and the Russian Platform from (A) Asselian to (B) Artinskian time, and the stepwise opening of the seaway between Greenland and Norway during (C) Kungurian–(D) Kazanian time. Palaeogeography modified from Golonka (2000). Fauna data from Ross and Ross (1962, 1990), Malecki (1968, 1977), Southwood (1985, 1990), Madsen and Håkansson (1989), Nakrem (1991, 1993, 1994a,b,c, 2004), Nakrem et al. (1992), Madsen (1994) and Ernst (2000, 2001a, 2003) and our own data in East Greenland. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) A.M. Sørensen et al. / Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 251 (2007) 198–209 201 Fig. 3 (continued). times (Stemmerik, 2000; Stemmerik and Worsley, 2005). The Lower–Upper Permian (Kungurian–Wuchiapin- Dating of this part of the succession is based on fusulinids, gian/Changhsingian?) Tempelfjorden Group is dominated and correlation is firmly established internally in the by deeper water spiculites, shales and local sandstones region, including North Greenland, and to the Interna- and cool-water carbonates. Dating is based on small tional zonation (Fig. 2; Dallmann et al., 1999; Stemmerik, foraminifers, palynomorphs and conodonts, and is less 2000; Larssen et al., 2005; Stemmerik and Worsley, 2005; well established than for the older Permian succession and references therein). The Lower Permian (upper (Stemmerik, 2000; Larssen et al., 2005). In North Sakmarian–Artinskian (lowermost Kungurian?)) Bjarme- Greenland, the time-equivalent upper Kim Fjelde and land Group is dominated by temperate cool-water Midnatfjeld formations are composed of cool-water car- carbonates with a bryozoan–brachiopod–echinoderm bonates in the platform areas and shales and spiculites in dominated fauna (Stemmerik, 1997). Dating is based on more distal settings (Stemmerik, 1997). Correlation to the local fusulinid assemblages, conodonts and small for- more southerly located Permian strata of central East aminifers, and correlation to North Greenland and Greenland and the Zechstein basin is still disputed. The adjacent areas is generally well established (see Stem- Wegener Halvø and Ravnefjeld formations of central East merik, 2000). Greenland are of Kazanian (Wuchiapingian) age based on 202 A.M. Sørensen et al. / Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 251 (2007) 198–209 Fig. 3 (continued). palynomorphs and conodonts and correlate, based on during several expeditions to East Greenland and was microfloral evidence with the Midnatfjeld Formation of simply chosen with respect to density and preservation North Greenland and the uppermost Tempelfjorden of the bryozoans. It represents both the Wegener Halvø Group of the Norwegian Barents Shelf, and, based on and Schuchert Dal formations and thus spans most of conodonts with the (?) lower part of the Zechstein the Late Permian. All bryozoans are embedded in matrix succession (Fig. 2; Rasmussen et al., 1990; Mangerud, but some samples have bedding planes with large and 1994; Utting and Piasecki, 1995; Stemmerik et al., 1996; well-preserved colonies which were used for external Henderson and Mei, 2000). The overlying Schuchert
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Late Permian Ichthyofauna from the Zechstein Basin, Lithuania-Latvia Region
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/554998; this version posted February 20, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 A late Permian ichthyofauna from the Zechstein Basin, Lithuania-Latvia Region 2 3 Darja Dankina-Beyer1*, Andrej Spiridonov1,4, Ģirts Stinkulis2, Esther Manzanares3, 4 Sigitas Radzevičius1 5 6 1 Department of Geology and Mineralogy, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania 7 2 Chairman of Bedrock Geology, Faculty of Geography and Earth Sciences, University 8 of Latvia, Riga, Latvia 9 3 Department of Botany and Geology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain 10 4 Laboratory of Bedrock Geology, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania 11 12 *[email protected] (DD-B) 13 14 Abstract 15 The late Permian is a transformative time, which ended in one of the most 16 significant extinction events in Earth’s history. Fish assemblages are a major 17 component of marine foods webs. The macroevolution and biogeographic patterns of 18 late Permian fish are currently insufficiently known. In this contribution, the late Permian 19 fish fauna from Kūmas quarry (southern Latvia) is described for the first time. As a 20 result, the studied late Permian Latvian assemblage consisted of isolated 21 chondrichthyan teeth of Helodus sp., ?Acrodus sp., ?Omanoselache sp. and 22 euselachian type dermal denticles as well as many osteichthyan scales of the 23 Haplolepidae and Elonichthydae; numerous teeth of Palaeoniscus, rare teeth findings of 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/554998; this version posted February 20, 2019.
    [Show full text]
  • Developing a Geological Framework
    21/2/12 GeolFrameworkPaper_postreview_v2acceptchanges_editorcomments New insights from 3D geological models at analogue CO2 storage sites in Lincolnshire and eastern Scotland, UK. Alison Monaghan1*, Jonathan Ford2, Antoni Milodowski2, David McInroy1, Timothy Pharaoh2, Jeremy Rushton2, Mike Browne1, Anthony Cooper2, Andrew Hulbert2 and Bruce Napier2 1 British Geological Survey, Murchison House, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3LA, UK. 2 British Geological Survey, Kingsley Dunham Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK. * Corresponding author (email [email protected] (Approx.15,600 words in total, 25 figures) SUMMARY: Subsurface 3D geological models of aquifer and seal rock systems from two contrasting analogue sites have been created as the first step in an investigation into methodologies for geological storage of carbon dioxide in saline aquifers. Development of the models illustrates the utility of an integrated approach using digital techniques and expert geological knowledge to further geological understanding. The models visualize a faulted, gently dipping Permo-Triassic succession in Lincolnshire and a complex faulted and folded Devono-Carboniferous succession in eastern Scotland. The Permo-Triassic is present in the Lincolnshire model to depths of -2 km OD, and includes the aquifers of the Sherwood Sandstone and Rotliegendes groups. Model-derived thickness maps test and refine Permian palaeogeography, such as the location of a carbonate reef and its associated seaward slope, and the identification of aeolian dunes. Analysis of borehole core samples established average 2D porosity values for the Rotliegendes (16%) and Sherwood Sandstone (20%) groups, and the Zechstein (5%) and Mercia Mudstone (<10%) groups, which are favourable for aquifer and seal units respectively. Core sample analysis has revealed a complex but well understood diagenetic history.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydrocarbon Plays from West Poland: Zechstein Limestone and Main Dolomite
    Hydrocarbon Plays from West Poland: Zechstein Limestone and Main Dolomite Paweł Zdanowski & Tomasz Solarski PGNiG SA (Polish Oli & Gas Company), Exploration and Production Branch Underexplored Plays - Part III 31-X-2018 & 01-XI-2018 Stavanger Hydrocarbon Plays from West Poland: Zechstein Limestone (Ca1) and Main Dolomite (Ca2) Presentation outline: Palaeogeography of Zechstein • Southern Permian Basin and Northern Permian Basin • Correlation of carbonate units between SBP and NPB Zechstein Limestone (Brońsko Gas Field) • Hydrocarbon Play. • Pattern Recognition from Seismic. Main Dolomite (BMB and LMG oil & gas fields) • Hydrocarbon Play. • Pattern Recognition from Seismic. • Analysis of Seismic Attributes. • Seismic Modeling. Late Permian Paleogeography from Blakely (2014) Tucker, 2016 After Scotese, 2002 European Southern Permian Basin Zechstein Sea Connected to Pantalassa Ocean 2000km to N/NE. Possible connection to Paleo-Tethys through the Polish Sub-Basin to the SE ?? Palaeo-latitude: 10-20°. Climate extremely arid. After Scotese, 2012 Sketch map of Permian sedimentary basin in north-west Europe Dziękuję za uwagę Stavanger Warsaw Millennium Atlas: Petroleum Geology of the Central and Northern North Sea, 2003 Polish Zechstein Basin ….stratigraphy Leine Na2 A2 Stassfurt Ca2 A1g Na1 A1d Werra Ca1 Wagner & Peryt. 1997 Słowakiewicz & Mikołajewski, 2009 Tucker, 2016 Comparison of the Zechstein development of the NPB with the classic SPB Evans et al. 2003 Madeleine et al. 2018 Zechstein Limestone – Ca1 (≈ Argyll Carbonate Member) Zechstein basin, showing the position of the Brandenburg-Wolsztyn-Pogorzela palaeo-High Basin facies of the Zechstein Limestone in Poland, showing the occurrence of isolated reefs related to the Brandenburg-Wolsztyn-Pogorzela palaeo-High. isolated reefs (rimmed platform) Peryt et al.
    [Show full text]
  • 3D Seismic Reflection Data Reveal Syn-Depositional Halokinesis in The
    This manuscript is a EarthArxiv preprint and had been submitted for publication in the AAPG Bulletin. Please note that this manuscript has not been peer-reviewed. Subsequent versions of this manuscript may, thus, have slightly different content. If accepted, the final version of this manuscript will be available via the “Peer-reviewed Publication DOI” link on the right- hand side of this webpage. Please feel free to contact any of the authors directly; We welcome your feedback. 1 3D seismic reflection data reveal syn-depositional halokinesis in the 2 Zechstein Supergroup (Lopingian), Central North Sea, UK 3 Amir Joffe 1*, Christopher A-L. Jackson2, Leonardo M. Pichel3 4 1. Basins Research Group (BRG), Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial 5 College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2BP, UK 6 2. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, 7 Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK 8 3. Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007, Bergen, 9 Norway 10 Abstract 11 Salt tectonics is typically caused by the flow of mobile evaporites in response to post- 12 depositional gravity gliding and/or differential loading by overburden sediments. This situation 13 is considerably more complex near the margins of salt basins, where carbonate and clastic rocks 14 may be deposited at the same time and interbedded with, more mobile, evaporite strata. In these 15 cases, syn-depositional salt flow may occur due to density differences in the deposited 16 lithologies, although our understanding of this process and related produces is relatively poor. 17 We here use 3D seismic reflection and borehole data from the Devil’s Hole Horst, West Central 18 Shelf, offshore UK to understand the genesis, geometry and kinematic of intra-Zechstein 19 Supergroup (Lopingian) minibasins and their effect on post-depositional salt deformation.
    [Show full text]
  • Induced Seismicity of the Groningen Gas Field: History and Recent Developments K
    Induced seismicity of the Groningen gas field: History and recent developments K. van Thienen-Visser1 and J. N. Breunese1 Abstract For the large Groningen field, the first seismic event was Induced seismicity of the Groningen gas field is caused by recorded in 1991. The largest magnitude was an ML 3.6 event the production of gas. Because of the large areal extent of the on 16 August 2012. Even though the magnitude of the event reservoir, the long history of depletion, and the available data sets was, seismologically speaking, not high, intensities as high as VI (which exist as a result of consequences and public unrest caused were observed because of the shallow depth of the event (3 km, by induced seismicity), the field presents a valuable case for i.e., reservoir depth) and the soft surface soils in the area (TNO, studying the relationships among geologic, flow-dynamic, geo- 2013a), causing damage to houses in the area. mechanical, and seismological models. Gas production from the Until 2012, a maximum magnitude of 3.9, with a probabil- Groningen field started in 1963. Induced seismicity of the field ity of exceedance of 16% (van Eck et al., 2006), was seen as the first was recorded in 1991 (ML 2.4). During the subsequent 10 upper size limit for induced seismicity in the north of the Nether- years, induced seismicity stayed at a rate of about five events (ML lands. However, since 2003, seismicity in the field has increased ≥ 1.5) per year. Starting in 2003, the number of events and mag- in number and magnitude.
    [Show full text]
  • REGIONAL GEOLOGY by Graham K. Lott
    CHAPTER II REGIONAL GEOLOGY by Graham K. Lott The ‘quarrying’ and use of local stone in Notting- the Triassic comprises a thick succession of non- hamshire, for both building and decorative purposes, marine, green-grey to reddish brown sandstones, dates back to Roman times. However, the lithological siltstones and mudstones, the latter including thinly units that characterise the geological succession interbedded, grey-green, dolomitic, very fine grained within the county contain only a few beds of stone sandstones (known locally as skerry). In contrast, the suitable for these purposes. This lack of indigenous early Jurassic marine succession is only sporadically stone useful for decorative carving is reflected in the exposed along the northern edge of the low-lying composition of the suite of carved stone fragments Vale of Belvoir and comprises a succession of grey that have been studied as part of this Corpus project. limestones and mudstones (Lias Group). The eastern By far the majority of the stones examined consist part of the county is locally blanketed by extensive of lithologies (primarily sandstones and limestones) tracts of glacial and alluvial sediments (unconsolidated sourced from outside the county border. sands, gravels, clays and muds) of Quaternary age. carboniferous THE GEOLOGY OF NOTTINGHAMSHIRE Pennine Coal Measures Group Nottinghamshire has a relatively simple geological The Carboniferous rocks that crop out in the west of succession comprising a sequence of eastwards- the county form part of the Pennine Coal Measures dipping sedimentary rock units whose outcrops Group. This succession is best known economically extend from north to south across the county (see for its coal reserves but also contains a number of Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Geology of the Groningen Field – an Overview
    Netherlands Journal of Geosciences — Geologie en Mijnbouw |96 – 5 | s3–s15 | 2017 doi:10.1017/njg.2017.22 Geology of the Groningen field – an overview JandeJager1,∗ & Clemens Visser2 1 Nassaukade 42, 2281 XD Rijswijk, the Netherlands 2 Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij B.V., Schepersmaat 2, 9405 TA Assen, the Netherlands ∗ Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] Manuscript received: 27 February 2017, accepted: 21 July 2017 Abstract After more than half a century of production and with some 350 wells, the Groningen gas field must be one of the best-studied gas fields in the world. Initially, it was considered to be relatively simple and behaving like one big tank. Now that it is entering a phase of declining production it has become clear that many subtleties are not fully understood yet. Prediction and management of subsidence and induced earth tremors require a detailed understanding of the field geology. In addition, an optimum gas recovery is only possible if details of, for example, reservoir quality distribution and faulting, that did not appear relevant before, are well understood. The large Groningen field comprises a structurally high block during much of its history, probably already from Devonian times onwards. The desert sandstones of the Rotliegend reservoir exhibit a strong south-to-north proximal–distal relationship. Whilst diagenesis has in many fields led to deterioration of reservoir properties, this effect is small in the Groningen field. The field is dipping to the north, and bounded by a series ofnormal faults in the west, south and east. Almost all faults are normal extensional faults, but locally inverse reactivation has led to small pop-up structures.
    [Show full text]
  • Geology of Gas and Oil Under the Netherlands
    Geology of Gas and Oil under the Netherlands Geology of Gas and Oil under the Netherlands Selection of papers presented at the 1993 International Conference of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, held in The Hague Edited by H.E. Rondeel Institute of Earth Sciences, Vrije Unlversiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands D.A.J. Batjes The Hague, the Netherlands W.H. Nieuwenhuijs Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands The Royal Geological and Mining Society of the Netherlands· KNGMG Kluwer Academic Publishers DORDRECHT I BDSTON I LONDON Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Geology of gas and 011 under the Netherlands I edlted by H.E. Rondeel. D.A.J. BatjBS and W.H. Nleuwenhuljs. p. em. 1. Natural gas--Geology--Netherlands. 2. Petroleu.--Geology­ -Netherlands. I. Rondeel. H. E. II. Batjes. D. A. J. III. Nl euwenhu 1 jS. W. H. TN897.N4G46 1996 553.2'85'09492--de20 95-25226 ISBN-13: 978-94-010-6541-2 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-0121-6 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-0121-6 Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands Kluwer Academic Publishers incorporates the publishing programmes of D. Reidel, Martinus Nijhoff, Dr W. Junk and MTP Press. Sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by Kluwer Academic Publishers, 101 Philip Drive, Norwell, MA 02061, U.S.A. In all other countries, sold and distributed by Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands Printed on acid-free paper All rights reserved ©1996 Kluwer Academic Publishers Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1996 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utiHzed in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.
    [Show full text]
  • 3D View of the Base of the Zechstein in the SPBA Area, (Viewed from the South; Red Colours Are Shallow and Blue Indicates the Greatest Depths)
    SPBA-Compleet 22-04-10 13:41 Pagina x 3D view of the base of the Zechstein in the SPBA area, (viewed from the south; red colours are shallow and blue indicates the greatest depths). The section crosses the entire area, a distance of 1525 km. The vertical scale is 1 : 300 000. SPBA-Compleet 22-04-10 13:41 Pagina 1 Chapter 1 — Introduction, stratigraphic framework and mapping Chapter 1 Introduction, stratigraphic framework and mapping Authors Contributors Bibliographic reference Hans Doornenbal (TNO), Oscar Abbink (TNO), Ed Duin (TNO), Michiel Dusar (GSB), Peer Hoth (BGR), United Kingdom: Bruce Napier, Peter Balson, Robert Knox and Susan Stoker, Belgium: Pascal Vancampenhout, Doornenbal, J.C., Abbink, O.A., Duin, E.J.T., Dusar, M., Hoth, P., Jasionowski, M., Lott, G.K., Mathiesen, A., Papiernik, B., Marek Jasionowski (PGI), Graham Lott (BGS), Anders Mathiesen (GEUS), Bartek Papiernik (AGH University Denmark: Torben Bidstrup and Ole Vejbæk, Germany: Gaby Merzbach and Marina Fischer, the Netherlands: Carla Elmers, Peryt, T.M., Veldkamp, J.G. & Wirth, H., 2010. Introduction, stratigraphic framework and mapping. In: Doornenbal, J.C. of Science & Technology), Tadeusz Peryt (PGI), Hans Veldkamp (TNO) and Holger Wirth (BGR) Jenny Hettelaar, Henk Kombrink, Gion Kuper, Erik Simmelink and Boris Webbers, Poland: Marek Hajto, Rafał Kudrewicz, and Stevenson, A.G. (editors): Petroleum Geological Atlas of the Southern Permian Basin Area. EAGE Publications b.v. Grzegorz Machowski and Anna Sowizdzal (Houten): 1-9. 1 Introduction 1.1 Topography and bathymetry In Belgium, geological publications can be found on the GNOSIS website (Generalized Natural Online Sciences Spatial Information System of the federal scientific institutes in Belgium; www.gnosis.be/gnosis/index.jsp).
    [Show full text]
  • B2211 Text Layout.Indd
    Carboniferous-Rotliegend Total Petroleum System Description and Assessment Results Summary By Donald L. Gautier U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2211 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Carboniferous-Rotliegend Total Petroleum System Description and Assessment Results Summary By Donald L. Gautier U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2211 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior Gale A. Norton, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Charles G. Groat, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2003 For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services Box 25286, Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 For more information about the USGS and its products: Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/ Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, it contains copyrighted materials that are noted in the text. Permission to reproduce those items must be secured from the individual copyright owners. iii Contents Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................ 1 Abstract .......................................................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Non-Marine Permian Biostratigraphy and Biochronology: an Introduction
    Downloaded from http://sp.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on September 28, 2021 Non-marine Permian biostratigraphy and biochronology: an introduction SPENCER G. LUCAS 1, JOERG W. SCHNEIDER 2 & GIUSSEPE CASSINIS 3 1New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, 1801 Mountain Road N. W., Albuquerque, New Mexico 87104-13 Y J, USA (e-mail: [email protected]) 2TU Bergakademie Freiberg, B. v. Cotta-Strasse 2, D-09596 Freiberg, Germany 3pavia University, Earth Science Department, via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy Abstract: The Permian time scale based on marine rocks and fossils is well defined and of global utility, but non-marine Permian biostratigraphy and chronology is in an early phase of development. Non-marine Permian strata are best known from western Europe and the western United States, but significant records are also known from Russia, South Africa, China and Brazil. Global time terms based on non-marine Permian strata, such as Rotliegend, Zechstein, Autunian, Saxonian and Thuringian, are either inadequately defined or poorly characterized and should only be used as lithostratigraphic terms. Macro- and microfloras have long been important in non-marine Permian correlations, but are subject to limitations based on palaeoprovinciality and facies/climatic controls. Charophytes, conchostracans, ostracodes and freshwater bivalves have a potential use in non-marine Permian biostrati- graphy but are limited by their over-split taxonomy and lack of well-established stratigraphic distributions of low-level taxa. Tetrapod footprints provide poor biostratigraphic resolution during the Permian, but tetrapod body fossils and insects provide more detailed biostrati- graphic zonations, especially in the Lower Permian. Numerous radioisotopic ages are available from non-marine Permian sections and need to be more precisely correlated to the global time scale.
    [Show full text]
  • Carboniferous-Rotliegend Total Petroleum System Description and Assessment Results Summary
    Carboniferous-Rotliegend Total Petroleum System Description and Assessment Results Summary By Donald L. Gautier U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2211 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior Gale A. Norton, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2003 Charles G. Groat, Director For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services Box 25286, Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 For more information about the USGS and its products: Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Although this report is in the public domain, it contains copyrighted materials that are noted in the text. Permission to reproduce those items must be secured from the individual copyright owners. iii Contents Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................ 1 Abstract .......................................................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 2 Province Geology and Petroleum Occurrence ........................................................................................ 2 Province Boundaries ........................................................................................................................... 2 Structural-Tectonic Controls on
    [Show full text]