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Geology of Gas and Oil Under the Netherlands

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Geology of Gas and Oil Under the Netherlands Geology of Gas and Oil under the Netherlands Geology of Gas and Oil under the Netherlands Selection of papers presented at the 1993 International Conference of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, held in The Hague Edited by H.E. Rondeel Institute of Earth Sciences, Vrije Unlversiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands D.A.J. Batjes The Hague, the Netherlands W.H. Nieuwenhuijs Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands The Royal Geological and Mining Society of the Netherlands· KNGMG Kluwer Academic Publishers DORDRECHT I BDSTON I LONDON Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Geology of gas and 011 under the Netherlands I edlted by H.E. Rondeel. D.A.J. BatjBS and W.H. Nleuwenhuljs. p. em. 1. Natural gas--Geology--Netherlands. 2. Petroleu.--Geology­ -Netherlands. I. Rondeel. H. E. II. Batjes. D. A. J. III. Nl euwenhu 1 jS. W. H. TN897.N4G46 1996 553.2'85'09492--de20 95-25226 ISBN-13: 978-94-010-6541-2 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-0121-6 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-0121-6 Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands Kluwer Academic Publishers incorporates the publishing programmes of D. Reidel, Martinus Nijhoff, Dr W. Junk and MTP Press. Sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by Kluwer Academic Publishers, 101 Philip Drive, Norwell, MA 02061, U.S.A. In all other countries, sold and distributed by Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands Printed on acid-free paper All rights reserved ©1996 Kluwer Academic Publishers Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1996 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utiHzed in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. Contents Preface Introduction Petroleum Geological Circle (PGK): Synopsis: Petroleum geology ofthe Netherlands - 1993 Mark Moody-Stuart: Resources and resourcefulness 1 C.W.M. Dessens: The role of oil and gas in the Dutch energy policy 7 Jacques Halfon: New oil and gas - Technology leads the way 11 J.N. Breunese & EB. Rispens: Natural gas in the Netherlands: exploration and development in historic and future perspective 19 H. Veld, W.J.J. Fermont, H. Kerp & H. Visscher: Geothermal history of the Carboniferous in South Limburg, the Netherlands 31 J.P. Verdier: The Rotliegend sedimentation history of the southern North Sea and adjacent countries 45 M.C. Geluk, A. Plomp & Th. H.M. van Doom: Development of the Permo-Triassic succession in the basin fringe area, southern Netherlands 57 Epetis N. Veenhof: Geological aspects of the Annerveen gas field, the Netherlands 79 S.V. Crouch, W.E.L. Baumgartner, E.J.M.J. Houlleberghs & J.P. Walzebuck: Development of a tight gas reservoir by a multiple fracced horizontal well: Ameland-204, the Netherlands 93 Harm W. Frikken: CBIL logs: vital for evaluating disappointing well and reservoir performance, K15-FG field, central offshore Netherlands 103 Harm W. Frikken: Sub-horizontal drilling: remedy for underperforming Rotliegend gasfields, L13 block, central offshore Netherlands 115 Jan M.M. van de Sande, Tom J.A. Reijers & Neil Casson: Multidisciplinary exploration strategy in the northeast Netherlands Zechstein 2 Carbonate play, guided by 3D seismic 125 G. Remmelts: Salt tectonics in the southern North Sea, the Netherlands 143 Hans Dronkert & Gijs Remmelts: Influence of salt structures on reservoir rocks in Block L2, Dutch continental shelf 159 R. Ames & P.E Farfan: The environments of deposition of the Triassic Main Buntsandstein Formation in the P and Q quadrants, offshore the Netherlands 167 K. Purvis & J.A. Okkerman: Inversion of reservoir quality by early diagenesis: an example from the Triassic Buntsandstein, offshore the Netherlands 179 J. de Jager, M.A. Doyle, P.J. Grantham & J.E. Mabillard: Hydrocarbon habitat of the West Nether- lands Basin 191 Alvaro Racero-Baena & Stephen J. Drake: Structural style and reservoir development in the West Netherlands oil province 211 D.G. den Hartog Jager: Fluviomarine sequences in the Lower Cretaceous of the West Netherlands Basin: correlation and seismic expression 229 Abraham N. Bruijn: De Wijk gas field (Netherlands): reservoir mapping with amplitude anomalies 243 L.S. Goh: The Logger oil Field (Netherlands offshore): reservoir architecture and heterogeneity 255 R.H.B. Rijkers & M.C. Geluk: Sedimentary and structural history of the Texel-Usselmeer High, the Netherlands 265 Preface In October 1993 an International Conference was sponsored in The Hague by the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, the European Association of Petroleum Scientists and Engineers and the Geological Survey of the Netherlands to elicit 'New Views on Old World Oil- Technology Leads the Way'. Together with the hosts, the Royal Geological and Mining Society of the Netherlands, we had planned from the outset with the support of Shell to select for publication a compendium of papers on the Geology of gas and oil in the Netherlands. The conference was a real milestone, and we have embodied the keynote addresses together with the wide-ranging views on production and opportunities from the Carboniferous to the Cretaceous herein. From the first producible oil found near the Royal Dutch/Shell offices followed the highlights of discovering the Schoonebeek Oil Field in 1943 and the Groningen Gas Field in 1959; today tenacious exploration harnesses ever smarter technology. Enhanced imaging with 3D, direct hydrocarbon indicators, basin modelling, high-resolution sequence prediction and advanced drilling techniques all playa part. Technology is moving quickly and here in the Netherlands it is being utilised to good effect. The stratigraphic sequences, the structural complexity, new niches for exploration, are all intricately hidden below a Quaternary cover. This volume makes a noteworthy addition to the oil and gas story of the Netherlands. It was a privilege to be part of the organising community for the conference. Many thanks to all the geoscientists who made it possible, and congratulations to the editors for putting together a volume that every discerning bookshelf would like to embrace. Dave Loftus Technical Program Chairman Introduction The exploitation of natural gas resources in the Netherlands contributes nowadays a direct revenue to the State of seven to nine milliard guilders per year. The present Special Publication of the Royal Geological and Mining Society of the Netherlands (KNGMG) provides an insight into the subsurface geological conditions that allow to produce the gas. It also shows how these conditions are investigated and how the knowledge thus gained governs the production, not only of gas but also of oil. The book finds its origin in the 1993 International Conference of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, held in The Hague. On the occasion of this Conference, the Petroleum Geological Circle (pGK) of the KNGMG compiled the 'Synopsis: Petroleum geology of the Netherlands - 1993' of which 4000 copies were distributed. It is this 'Synopsis' that initiated the idea to assemble the contributions on the country's petroleum geology presented at the Conference. The Synopsis now constitutes the first of the articles collected. Where possible, these are arranged in stratigraphic order. One article on a related subject was added. Invitations to authors were aimed from the outset at coverage of the petroleum geology of the Netherlands. No wonder that most contributions come from the Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij (NAM) and the Geological Survey of the Netherlands (RGD). Papers were further handed in by scientists of Amoco, Continental Netherlands Oil Co., Exxon Exploration Co., Shell Research and the Delft University of Technology. These contributions are placed in a wider economic and technological context by the keynote addresses of the Conference, which with the Synopsis now form the first part of the book. These addresses originated at the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the Netherlands, at Elf Aquitaine and at the Royal Dutch/Shell Group of Companies. The book fills a gap in the geological literature on the Netherlands by bringing together up-to-date contributions to the petroleum geology of the country. It addresses a wide range of subjects. These include the characterization of reservoirs in single gas and oil fields by means of 3D seismic and borehole logging, the hydrocarbon habitat of the West Netherlands Basin and the regional Rotliegend facies distribution. The stratigraphic nomenclature in the book reflects the transition during 1993 from the 'NAM & RGD' nomenclature published in 1980, to the revised nomenclature compiled by the Geological Survey. The editors owe many thanks to the authors for their contributions and to the reviewers for their comments. They particularly mention the staff members of the NAM and RGD, who produced and reviewed the bulk of the present volume's content. They gratefully acknowledge the financial support by Shell Internationale Petroleum Maatschappij, which allowed for most of the colour prints in this publication. They thank Exxon Exploration Company for financing the printing of the 'RotIiegend' maps. Finally, they mention J. Halfon and P.J. Grantham, who did not live to see their contributions published. Harm Rondeel Dick Batjes Willem Nieuwenhuijs Synopsis: Petroleum geology of the Netherlands - 1993 by Petroleum Geological Circle c/o Royal Geological and Mining Society of the Netherlands P.O. Box 157,2000 AD Haarlem, the Netherlands A PGK This publication is financed by Shell Intemationale Petroleum Maatschappij B.V. This preprint is issued on the occasion of the International Conference and Exhibition of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, The Hague, the Netherlands, 17-20 October 1993 Preface It is a pleasure for the Royal Geological and Mining Society of the Netherlands (KNGMG) as the host society of the AAPG International Conference, to present to you the first-ever Synopsis on the petroleum geology of the Netherlands.
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