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Geology and Assessment of Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources of Northeastern Mexico by U.S

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Geology and Assessment of Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources of Northeastern Mexico by U.S Open-File Report 2015–1112 Geology and Assessment of Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources of Northeastern Mexico By U.S. Geological Survey Mexico Assessment Team Sabinas Basin Discussion Introduction The quantitative methodology used by the USGS for this assessment of unconventional oil and 2015 The USGS approach to defining AUs in the Turonian Agua Nueva Formation and gas resources differs from that used in other unconventional assessments. The differences in method- The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation in the Tithonian La Casita Formation of the Sabinas Basin began with the map showing ology must be considered when attempting to compare assessment results. The potential area assessed the distribution of TOC greater than 1 weight-percent (figs. 17 and 18). Using analog by the USGS must have source rocks with greater than 2 weight-percent TOC, have greater than 15 with the U.S. Department of State, quantitatively assessed meter thickness of organic-rich shale, be within the proper thermal maturation windows for oil or gas Northeastern Mexico percentages for areas with greater than 2 weight-percent from the Tampico-Misantla Ba- Burgos Basin generation. The maps supplied by PEMEX for the Agua Nueva and La Casita Formations in the Bur- the potential for unconventional oil and gas resources with- Tampico-Misantla Basin sin, the AUs were defined as areas with greater than 2 weight-percent TOC, and with Geologic Provinces gos Basin and Sabinas Basin were based on greater than 1 weight-percent TOC, so the areas used in the additional condition that because of adverse effects of tectonism only about one in the onshore portions of the Tampico-Misantla Basin, 102° 100° 98° 96° 94° 92° The USGS approach to defining AUs in the Turonian Agua Nueva Formation and in the Tithonian La Casita Formation of the USGS assessments (>2 weight-percent TOC) are less than that shown on the PEMEX maps. 32° Tithonian Pimienta / La Casita Formation the Burgos Basin began with the map showing the distribution of TOC greater than one weight-percent (figs. 12–14). Using third of the remaining area was estimated to have potential for shale oil or shale gas. Burgos Basin, and Sabinas Basin provinces of northeastern The USGS approach to defining assessment units in the Tithonian Pimienta / La Casita Formation of the Tampico-Misantla Basin began with the map showing the distri- analog percentages for areas with greater than 2 weight-percent from the Tampico-Misantla Basin, the AUs were defined as Assessment Input 30° bution of total organic carbon (TOC) (fig. 4). The intersection of the map of TOC greater than 2 weight-percent (fig. 5) with the thermal maturity map (fig. 6) produced the Mexico (fig. 1). Unconventional resources of the Veracruz areas with greater than 2 weight-percent TOC. Agua Nueva Shale Gas AU La Casita Shale Gas AU Input to the assessment of unconventional oil and gas resources includes several key pa- UNITED STATES AU map (fig. 7) for the modal shale-oil area (green) and shale-gas area (red) used in the assessment. 102° 101° 100° 99° 98° 103° 102° 101° 100° 99° 98° rameters that represent probability distributions that illustrate the uncertainty in these parameters 29° TURONIAN TITHONIAN Basin were not quantitatively assessed because of a current 28° 100° 99° 98° 97° 96° 100° 99° 98° 97° 96° 100° 99° 98° 97° 96° 100° 99° 98° 97° 96° Sabinas Basin Agua Nueva Shale Oil AU Agua Nueva Shale Gas AU La Casita Shale Gas AU (table 1). The distribution of potential area incorporates TOC, maturity, depth, and thickness data, Magiscatzin Basin Magiscatzin Basin Province TITHONIAN TITHONIAN TITHONIAN TITHONIAN 102° 101° 100° 99° 98° 102° 101° 100° 99° 98° 103° 102° 101° 100° 99° 98° 29° Taumaulipas Arch Province lack of required geological information. Unconventional Magiscatzin Basin Province and represents one of the key sources of geologic uncertainty. The distributions for estimated Taumaulipas Arch Burgos Burgos Taumaulipas Arch Burgos Burgos Basin Taumaulipas Arch Basin 29° TURONIAN 29° TURONIAN TITHONIAN TOC Magiscatzin Basin Basin THERMAL Basin 26° Province TOC FINAL ultimate recovery (EUR), well drainage areas, and success ratio are from U.S. analog Province Province Province Agua Nueva Burgos Basin 24° 24° 24° 28° 24° Shale Oil resources include shale gas, shale oil, tight gas, tight oil, Province >1 WEIGHT- MATURITY 29° > 2 WEIGHT - AU MAP 53000461 28° unconventional accumulations. Sabinas Basin Province and coalbed gas. Undiscovered conventional oil and gas re- 24° GULF PERCENT PERCENT MEXICO OF 28° 28° USA MEXICO Assessment Results 23° 28° 23° 23° 23° 27° sources were assessed in Mexico in 2012 (U.S. Geological 27° Tampico–Misantla Quantitative assessment results for 11 unconventional AUs of northeast Mexico are sum- Tampico–Misantla USA USA 22° Basin Province Tampico–Misantla Tampico–Misantla Tampico-Misantla Basin Province Basin Province Basin Province USA USA Survey World Energy Assessment Team, 2012). Basin Province marized in table 2. For unconventional oil resources, the mean total is 776 million barrels of oil 27° 27° La Casita Agua Nueva 27° Shale Gas 26° (MMBO), with a range from 353 to 1,365 MMBO; for unconventional gas the mean total is 23,474 22° MEXICO 22° MEXICO Shale Gas 53000361 Sabinas Burgos 22° MEXICO 22° MEXICO 26° Basin Basin 20° GULF GULF GULF 53000462 MEXICO MEXICO Veracruz Basin GULF Province Province S OF billion cubic feet (BCFG), with a range from 7,431 to 44,630 BCFG; and a mean total of 883 mil- S OF S OF Province S OF I MEXICO I MEXICO Burgos E E I MEXICO E I MEXICO UNITED STATES R R E R Basin Area of R R R lion barrels of natural gas liquids (MMBNGL), with a range from 278 to 1,690 MMBNGL. R 26° figure A A R Sabinas Sabinas Province ATLANTIC 26° A A 26° 25° OCEAN Basin Basin Burgos GULF OF 18° 130°0'0"W 120°0'0"W 110°0'0"W 100°0'0"W 90°0'0"W 80°0'0"W 70°0'0"W 60°0'0"W MEXICO MEXICO MEXICO MEXICO 21° 21° Province Province Basin Of the mean unconventional oil total of 776 MMBO, about 82 percent is in the Tampico-Misantla PACIFIC M M 21° 21° 25° Methodology OCEAN M M A A Burgos Province D D A A Burgos R R D Basin Eagleford EXPLANATIONGas D Basin Eagleford Oil R Basin (55 percent; 426 MMBO) is estimated to be in the Agua Nueva Shale Oil AU; (27 percent; UNITED STATES E E R Smackover E Province Land Assessed provinces E Area of Province 25° Unassessed province study ATLANTIC O UNITED STATES OCEAN UNITED STATES O UNITED STATES 24° 16° GULF OF R R O O 212 MMBO) is in the Pimienta Shale Oil AU. The Agua Nueva Shale Oil AU in the Burgos PACIFIC MEXICO I I Area of R OCEAN E Area of Area of R 0 50 100 150 200 MILES E study ATLANTIC I 25° 25° N study ATLANTIC ATLANTIC MEXICO MEXICO N OCEAN E study I OCEAN OCEAN E The USGS approach to assessing continuous shale-oil T T GULF OF N GULF OF GULF OF N A PACIFIC MEXICO A PACIFIC MEXICO 20° 20° MEXICO T PACIFIC MEXICO 0 50 100 150 200 KILOMETERS L OCEAN L OCEAN T 20° A OCEAN A 24° Basin contains the remaining (18 percent; 138 MMBO). PACIFIC OCEAN EXPLANATION MEXICO L 20° MEXICO L Tithonian Organic Richness EXPLANATION EXPLANATION 1 to 2 weight-percent (2,985,373.05 acres) Eagleford Gas EXPLANATION Eagleford Oil EXPLANATION Tithonian Thermal Maturity 24° For the mean unconventional gas total of 23,474 BCFG, about 66 percent (15,591 BCFG) Smackover Tithonian Assessment Units La Casita Shale Gas AU and shale-gas resources in non-U.S. reservoirs is based > 2 weight-percent (793,400.95 acres) LandTithonian Organic Richness 23° Oil Pimienta Shale Oil AU Tithonian Total (6,098,147.59 Acres) > 2 weight-percent TOC EXPLANATION Gas 0 650 1,300 Geologic2,600 Kilometers province Pimienta Shale Gas AU Geologic province boundaries 0 325 650 1,300 Miles Agua Nueva Shale Gas AU 0 70 MILES 0 80 MILES is estimated to be in the Burgos Basin; 25 percent (5,822 BCFG) in the Sabinas Basin; and boundaries Geologic province Geologic province Veracruz Basin Veracruz boundaries 24° 24° Figure 1. Location of geologic provinces boundaries 0 70 KILOMETERS Veracruz 0 80 KILOMETERS 19° 0 25 50 75 100 MILES Province 19° 0 25 50 75 100 MILES Basin Veracruz upon developing a complete geologic framework descrip- 0 25 50 75 100 MILES Province 19° Basin 19° 0 25 50 75 100 MILES Basin EXPLANATION 9 percent (2,061 BCFG) in the Tampico-Misantla Basin. 0 25 50 75 100 KILOMETERS 0 25 50 75 100 KILOMETERS Province Province EXPLANATION EXPLANATION 23° considered in this study. 0 25 50 75 100 KILOMETERS La Casita Shale Gas AU 0 25 50 75 100 KILOMETERS Agua Nueva Shale Oil AU Agua Nueva Shale Gas AU tion for each province from published literature and defin- 0 70 MILES 0 70 MILES 0 80 MILES Figure 17. Map showing the outline of Figure 18. Map showing the outline of 0 70 KILOMETERS 0 70 KILOMETERS 0 80 KILOMETERS Assessment Team Tampico- potential shale-gas area (3,667,000 acres) potential shale-gas area (8,961,000 acres) Age Sabinas Basin Burgos South Misantla Figure 4. Map showing the area of Figure 5. Map showing the total organic Figure 6. Map showing the extent of Figure 7. Map showing the intersection Christopher J. Schenk, Ronald R.
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