DOCSLIB.ORG

Wide DNA Barcode Library As a New Tool for Arctic Research

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Wide DNA Barcode Library As a New Tool for Arctic Research Molecular Ecology Resources (2016) 16, 809–822 doi: 10.1111/1755-0998.12489 Establishing a community-wide DNA barcode library as a new tool for arctic research H. WIRTA,1 G. VARKONYI,2 C. RASMUSSEN,3 R. KAARTINEN,4 N. M. SCHMIDT,5 P. D. N. HEBERT,6 M. BARTAK,7 G. BLAGOEV,6 H. DISNEY,8 S. ERTL,9 P. GJELSTRUP,10 D. J. GWIAZDOWICZ,11 12 13 14 15 € € 12 € € 1 L. HULDEN, J. ILMONEN, J. JAKOVLEV, M. JASCHHOF, J. KAHANPAA, T. KANKAANPAA, P. H. KROGH,10 R. LABBEE,6 C. LETTNER,9 V. MICHELSEN,16 S. A. NIELSEN,17 € T. R. NIELSEN,18 L. PAASIVIRTA,19 S. PEDERSEN,6 J. POHJOISMAKI,20 J. SALMELA,21 € P. VILKAMAA,12 H. VARE,22 M. VON TSCHIRNHAUS23 and T. ROSLIN 1,4 1Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 5, 00790 Helsinki, Finland, 2Finnish Environment Institute, Natural Environment Centre, Friendship Park Research Centre, Lentiirantie 342B, 88900 Kuhmo, Finland, 3Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, DK–8000 Aarhus, Denmark, 4Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden, 5Arctic Research Centre, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark, 6Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada, 7Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, 165 21 Praha 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic, 8Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK, 9Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation Ecology and Landscape Ecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria, 10Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, Silkeborg DK-8600, Denmark, 11Department of Forest Pathology, University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71c, Poznan 60625, Poland, 12Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoology Unit, University of Helsinki, Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13, 00100 Helsinki, Finland, 13Mets€ahallitus, Parks & Wildlife Finland, PO Box 94, 01301 Vantaa, Finland, 14Finnish Environment Institute, Mechelininkatu € 34A, 00250 Helsinki, Finland, 15Station Linne, Olands Skogsby 161, 38693 F€arjestaden, Sweden, 16Zoological Museum of the University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, 17Department of Environmental, Social and Spatial Change, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, PO Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark, 18Sandvedhagen 8, NO-4318, Sandnes, Norway, 19Ruuhikoskenkatu 17 B 5, 24240 Salo, Finland, 20Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 11, 80101 Joensuu, Finland, 21Mets€ahallitus, Ounasjoentie 6, 96101 Rovaniemi, Finland, 22Finnish Museum of Natural History, Botany Unit, University of Helsinki, Unioninkatu 44, 00140 Helsinki, Finland, 23Fakulta¨t Biologie, Universita¨t Bielefeld, Universita¨tsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany Abstract DNA sequences offer powerful tools for describing the members and interactions of natural communities. In this study, we establish the to-date most comprehensive library of DNA barcodes for a terrestrial site, including all known macroscopic animals and vascular plants of an intensively studied area of the High Arctic, the Zackenberg Valley in Northeast Greenland. To demonstrate its utility, we apply the library to identify nearly 20 000 arthropod individuals from two Malaise traps, each operated for two summers. Drawing on this material, we estimate the cover- age of previous morphology-based species inventories, derive a snapshot of faunal turnover in space and time and describe the abundance and phenology of species in the rapidly changing arctic environment. Overall, 403 terrestrial animal and 160 vascular plant species were recorded by morphology-based techniques. DNA barcodes (CO1) offered high resolution in discriminating among the local animal taxa, with 92% of morphologically distinguishable taxa assigned to unique Barcode Index Numbers (BINs) and 93% to monophyletic clusters. For vascular plants, resolution was lower, with 54% of species forming monophyletic clusters based on barcode regions rbcLa and ITS2. Malaise catches revealed 122 BINs not detected by previous sampling and DNA barcoding. The insect community was domi- nated by a few highly abundant taxa. Even closely related taxa differed in phenology, emphasizing the need for spe- cies-level resolution when describing ongoing shifts in arctic communities and ecosystems. The DNA barcode Correspondence: Helena Wirta, Fax: +358-9-191-58582; E-mail: helena.wirta@helsinki.fi © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd 810 H. WIRTA ET AL. library now established for Zackenberg offers new scope for such explorations, and for the detailed dissection of interspecific interactions throughout the community. Keywords: arthropod, DNA barcode library, Greenland, high arctic, species diversity Received 24 June 2015; revision received 9 November 2015; accepted 17 November 2015 than previously thought (Hodkinson & Coulson 2004; Introduction Wirta et al. 2015b), but community-level descriptions of DNA sequences offer powerful tools for identifying the food webs including terrestrial arthropods are only members of natural communities (e.g. Kaartinen et al. beginning to emerge from the Arctic (Wirta et al. 2014, 2010) and for describing the interactions between them 2015b). Such descriptions rely on techniques for the iden- (Clare 2014; Wirta et al. 2014). Current techniques offer tification of species remains in gut contents and faecal scope for massive enumeration of taxa occurring at a material, as best resolved by molecular techniques (Clare given site at a given time (Hajibabaei et al. 2006) – but to 2014; Wirta et al. 2014). Overall, confronting each of these collate such information with taxa of known identity, challenges will call for a comprehensive resource allow- ecology and lifestyle, we need reference libraries of DNA ing the species-level resolution of all types of biological barcodes. While DNA barcode libraries are being stocked samples across arctic communities. at an impressive pace, they are often targeted at or To define the composition, phenology and interac- biased towards particular taxa. To offer scope for versa- tions in species of an arctic area, we here report the estab- tile assessment of full communities and food webs, the lishment of a barcode library for species from an establishment of comprehensive reference libraries cov- intensively studied site, the Zackenberg Valley in North- ering major parts of the flora and fauna remains a prior- east Greenland (Meltofte & Rasch 2008). To our knowl- ity for current research. edge, this is one of the first comprehensive DNA barcode Arctic ecosystems are particularly amenable to the libraries established for a terrestrial site, encompassing establishment of comprehensive DNA barcode libraries. more than 80% of the local diversity of animal and vascu- Here, species diversity is relatively low, and vegetation lar plant taxa as previously detected by morphological structure simple and accessible to sampling. Thus, where characters. Drawing on this novel resource, we test the the comprehensive assessment of the fauna of a single ability of DNA barcodes of standard regions (CO1 for tropical site may call for more than 65 person-years of animals, rbcLa and ITS2 for plants) to distinguish among work (Basset et al. 2012), the same can more easily be species within the local community. To demonstrate the achieved in a high-arctic context. utility of this tool, we apply it to community-level arthro- Knowing both the species and their ecology in the pod samples collected by Malaise traps. More specifi- Arctic is central for current research and part of arctic cally, the comprehensive DNA barcode library allows us monitoring efforts (CAFF Terrestrial Steering Group to answer a series of questions: How well do DNA bar- 2014). While the Arctic region is currently experiencing codes discriminate among morphologically defined taxa rapid climate warming (ACIA 2005), we still know rela- within the target community? What community proper- tively little about its animal and plant communities – ties are resolved by the Malaise trap material? How apart from the fact that they are changing (Settele et al. many new taxa are detected when identifying close to 2014). At least three components of Arctic transition call 20 000 individuals? What does the resulting individual- for accurate descriptions of communities. First, species’ level resolution reveal in terms of community structure? ranges are shifting, and this will likely increase the spe- Which taxa dominate the community, and when? cies richness of the Arctic. However, evaluating this Beyond the current objectives, the DNA barcode library hypothesis is challenging, as changes in species composi- has already allowed us to resolve trophic interactions tion are poorly documented at arctic sites (Killengreen within this high-arctic food web, with insights reported et al. 2007; Post et al. 2009; Wardle et al. 2011; Gilg et al. elsewhere (Wirta et al. 2014, 2015a,b). 2012). Second, drastic phenological changes are currently being observed in the Arctic (Høye et al. 2007, 2013). Materials and methods Nonetheless, current descriptions of such changes mostly rely on observations from higher taxa, with limited Study area understanding of species- and population-level change 0 0 (Høye et al. 2007; Miller-Rushing et al. 2010; Høye et al. Our study area, the Zackenberg Valley (74°28 N/20°34 W)
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ARTHROPOD COMMUNITIES and PASSERINE DIET: EFFECTS of SHRUB EXPANSION in WESTERN ALASKA by Molly Tankersley Mcdermott, B.A./B.S
    Arthropod communities and passerine diet: effects of shrub expansion in Western Alaska Item Type Thesis Authors McDermott, Molly Tankersley Download date 26/09/2021 06:13:39 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/11122/7893 ARTHROPOD COMMUNITIES AND PASSERINE DIET: EFFECTS OF SHRUB EXPANSION IN WESTERN ALASKA By Molly Tankersley McDermott, B.A./B.S. A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biological Sciences University of Alaska Fairbanks August 2017 APPROVED: Pat Doak, Committee Chair Greg Breed, Committee Member Colleen Handel, Committee Member Christa Mulder, Committee Member Kris Hundertmark, Chair Department o f Biology and Wildlife Paul Layer, Dean College o f Natural Science and Mathematics Michael Castellini, Dean of the Graduate School ABSTRACT Across the Arctic, taller woody shrubs, particularly willow (Salix spp.), birch (Betula spp.), and alder (Alnus spp.), have been expanding rapidly onto tundra. Changes in vegetation structure can alter the physical habitat structure, thermal environment, and food available to arthropods, which play an important role in the structure and functioning of Arctic ecosystems. Not only do they provide key ecosystem services such as pollination and nutrient cycling, they are an essential food source for migratory birds. In this study I examined the relationships between the abundance, diversity, and community composition of arthropods and the height and cover of several shrub species across a tundra-shrub gradient in northwestern Alaska. To characterize nestling diet of common passerines that occupy this gradient, I used next-generation sequencing of fecal matter. Willow cover was strongly and consistently associated with abundance and biomass of arthropods and significant shifts in arthropod community composition and diversity.
    [Show full text]
  • Unexpected Diversity in Neelipleona Revealed by Molecular Phylogeny Approach (Hexapoda, Collembola)
    S O I L O R G A N I S M S Volume 83 (3) 2011 pp. 383–398 ISSN: 1864-6417 Unexpected diversity in Neelipleona revealed by molecular phylogeny approach (Hexapoda, Collembola) Clément Schneider1, 3, Corinne Cruaud2 and Cyrille A. D’Haese1 1 UMR7205 CNRS, Département Systématique et Évolution, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP50 Entomology, 45 rue Buffon, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France 2 Genoscope, Centre National de Sequençage, 2 rue G. Crémieux, CP5706, 91057 Evry cedex, France 3 Corresponding author: Clément Schneider (email: [email protected]) Abstract Neelipleona are the smallest of the four Collembola orders in term of species number with 35 species described worldwide (out of around 8000 known Collembola). Despite this apparent poor diversity, Neelipleona have a worldwide repartition. The fact that the most commonly observed species, Neelus murinus Folsom, 1896 and Megalothorax minimus Willem, 1900, display cosmopolitan repartition is striking. A cladistic analysis based on 16S rDNA, COX1 and 28S rDNA D1 and D2 regions, for a broad collembolan sampling was performed. This analysis included 24 representatives of the Neelipleona genera Neelus Folsom, 1896 and Megalothorax Willem, 1900 from various regions. The interpretation of the phylogenetic pattern and number of transformations (branch length) indicates that Neelipleona are more diverse than previously thought, with probably many species yet to be discovered. These results buttress the rank of Neelipleona as a whole order instead of a Symphypleona family. Keywords: Collembola, Neelidae, Megalothorax, Neelus, COX1, 16S, 28S 1. Introduction 1.1. Brief history of Neelipleona classification The Neelidae family was established by Folsom (1896), who described Neelus murinus from Cambridge (USA).
    [Show full text]
  • The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks Bioblitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 ON THIS PAGE Photograph of BioBlitz participants conducting data entry into iNaturalist. Photograph courtesy of the National Park Service. ON THE COVER Photograph of BioBlitz participants collecting aquatic species data in the Presidio of San Francisco. Photograph courtesy of National Park Service. The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 Elizabeth Edson1, Michelle O’Herron1, Alison Forrestel2, Daniel George3 1Golden Gate Parks Conservancy Building 201 Fort Mason San Francisco, CA 94129 2National Park Service. Golden Gate National Recreation Area Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1061 Sausalito, CA 94965 3National Park Service. San Francisco Bay Area Network Inventory & Monitoring Program Manager Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1063 Sausalito, CA 94965 March 2016 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate comprehensive information and analysis about natural resources and related topics concerning lands managed by the National Park Service.
    [Show full text]
  • Data Quality, Performance, and Uncertainty in Taxonomic Identification for Biological Assessments
    J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc., 2008, 27(4):906–919 Ó 2008 by The North American Benthological Society DOI: 10.1899/07-175.1 Published online: 28 October 2008 Data quality, performance, and uncertainty in taxonomic identification for biological assessments 1 2 James B. Stribling AND Kristen L. Pavlik Tetra Tech, Inc., 400 Red Brook Blvd., Suite 200, Owings Mills, Maryland 21117-5159 USA Susan M. Holdsworth3 Office of Wetlands, Oceans, and Watersheds, US Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Mail Code 4503T, Washington, DC 20460 USA Erik W. Leppo4 Tetra Tech, Inc., 400 Red Brook Blvd., Suite 200, Owings Mills, Maryland 21117-5159 USA Abstract. Taxonomic identifications are central to biological assessment; thus, documenting and reporting uncertainty associated with identifications is critical. The presumption that comparable results would be obtained, regardless of which or how many taxonomists were used to identify samples, lies at the core of any assessment. As part of a national survey of streams, 741 benthic macroinvertebrate samples were collected throughout the eastern USA, subsampled in laboratories to ;500 organisms/sample, and sent to taxonomists for identification and enumeration. Primary identifications were done by 25 taxonomists in 8 laboratories. For each laboratory, ;10% of the samples were randomly selected for quality control (QC) reidentification and sent to an independent taxonomist in a separate laboratory (total n ¼ 74), and the 2 sets of results were compared directly. The results of the sample-based comparisons were summarized as % taxonomic disagreement (PTD) and % difference in enumeration (PDE). Across the set of QC samples, mean values of PTD and PDE were ;21 and 2.6%, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Dear Colleagues
    NEW RECORDS OF CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA) FROM CONTINENTAL FRANCE Joel Moubayed-Breil Applied ecology, 10 rue des Fenouils, 34070-Montpellier, France, Email: [email protected] Abstract Material recently collected in Continental France has allowed me to generate a list of 83 taxa of chironomids, including 37 new records to the fauna of France. According to published data on the chironomid fauna of France 718 chironomid species are hitherto known from the French territories. The nomenclature and taxonomy of the species listed are based on the last version of the Chironomidae data in Fauna Europaea, on recent revisions of genera and other recent publications relevant to taxonomy and nomenclature. Introduction French territories represent almost the largest Figure 1. Major biogeographic regions and subregions variety of aquatic ecosystems in Europe with of France respect to both physiographic and hydrographic aspects. According to literature on the chironomid fauna of France, some regions still are better Sites and methodology sampled then others, and the best sampled areas The identification of slide mounted specimens are: The northern and southern parts of the Alps was aided by recent taxonomic revisions and keys (regions 5a and 5b in figure 1); western, central to adults or pupal exuviae (Reiss and Säwedal and eastern parts of the Pyrenees (regions 6, 7, 8), 1981; Tuiskunen 1986; Serra-Tosio 1989; Sæther and South-Central France, including inland and 1990; Soponis 1990; Langton 1991; Sæther and coastal rivers (regions 9a and 9b). The remaining Wang 1995; Kyerematen and Sæther 2000; regions located in the North, the Middle and the Michiels and Spies 2002; Vårdal et al.
    [Show full text]
  • First Record of the Genus Spinaethorax Papáč & Palacios-Vargas, 2016 (Collembola, Neelipleona, Neelidae) in Asia, with a New Species from a Vietnamese Cave
    European Journal of Taxonomy 363: 1–20 ISSN 2118-9773 https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2017.363 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2017 · Schneider C. & Deharveng L. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Research article urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5720CF48-37A8-4814-93F3-192493488435 First record of the genus Spinaethorax Papáč & Palacios-Vargas, 2016 (Collembola, Neelipleona, Neelidae) in Asia, with a new species from a Vietnamese cave Clément SCHNEIDER 1,* & Louis DEHARVENG 2 1 Mécanismes Adaptatifs & Evolution, MECADEV - UMR 7179 - CNRS, MNHN, Dpt Systematics & Evolution, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CP50 Entomology, 45 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. 2 Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB – UMR 7205 – CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, 75005 Paris, France. *Corresponding author: [email protected] 2 Email: [email protected] 1 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:C0BEC337-0235-4E4B-8EFB-134B3EED1B90 2 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:D8F5C679-C30C-442C-8621-D3B8EDB17EF7 Abstract. A new species of the genus Spinaethorax Papáč & Palacios-Vargas, 2016, recently erected for two cave species of Mexico, is described from a Vietnamese cave. It differs from the Mexican species most noticeably by the dorsal chaetotaxy of the head (number and morphology of chaetae), the shape of S-chaetae on the third antennomere, the dorsal chaetotaxy of the abdomen and the chaetotaxy of the dens. The pattern of special τ-chaetae is described for the first time in the genus. The affinities between Spinaethorax and the other genera of Neelipleona are discussed.
    [Show full text]
  • The Nestling Diet of Svalbard Snow Buntings Identified by DNA Metabarcoding
    Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology The nestling diet of Svalbard snow buntings identified by DNA metabarcoding — Christian Stolz BIO-3950 Master thesis in Biology, Northern Populations and Ecosystems, May 2019 Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology The nestling diet of Svalbard snow buntings identified by DNA metabarcoding Christian Stolz, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway and The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), Longyearbyen, Norway BIO-3950 Master Thesis in Biology, Northern Populations and Ecosystems, May 2018 Supervisors: Frode Fossøy, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Trondheim, Norway Øystein Varpe, The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), Longyearbyen, Norway Rolf Anker Ims, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway i Abstract Tundra arthropods have considerable ecological importance as a food source for several bird species that are reproducing in the Arctic. The actual arthropod taxa comprising the chick diet are however rarely known, complicating assessments of ecological interactions. In this study, I identified the nestling diet of Svalbard snow bunting (Plectrophenax nivalis) for the first time. Faecal samples of snow bunting chicks were collected in Adventdalen, Svalbard in the breeding season 2018 and analysed via DNA metabarcoding. Simultaneously, the availability of prey arthropods was measured via pitfall trapping. The occurrence of 32 identified prey taxa in the nestling diet changed according to varying abundances and emergence patterns within the tun- dra arthropod community: Snow buntings provisioned their offspring mainly with the most abundant prey items which were in the early season different Chironomidae (Diptera) taxa and Scathophaga furcata (Diptera: Scathophagidae), followed by Spilogona dorsata (Diptera: Mus- cidae).
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Noteworthy Findings of Fungus Gnats from Finland and Northwestern Russia (Diptera: Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae, Bolitophilidae and Mycetophilidae)
    Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e1068 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.2.e1068 Taxonomic paper Recent noteworthy findings of fungus gnats from Finland and northwestern Russia (Diptera: Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae, Bolitophilidae and Mycetophilidae) Jevgeni Jakovlev†, Jukka Salmela ‡,§, Alexei Polevoi|, Jouni Penttinen ¶, Noora-Annukka Vartija# † Finnish Environment Insitutute, Helsinki, Finland ‡ Metsähallitus (Natural Heritage Services), Rovaniemi, Finland § Zoological Museum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland | Forest Research Institute KarRC RAS, Petrozavodsk, Russia ¶ Metsähallitus (Natural Heritage Services), Jyväskylä, Finland # Toivakka, Myllyntie, Finland Corresponding author: Jukka Salmela ([email protected]) Academic editor: Vladimir Blagoderov Received: 10 Feb 2014 | Accepted: 01 Apr 2014 | Published: 02 Apr 2014 Citation: Jakovlev J, Salmela J, Polevoi A, Penttinen J, Vartija N (2014) Recent noteworthy findings of fungus gnats from Finland and northwestern Russia (Diptera: Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae, Bolitophilidae and Mycetophilidae). Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e1068. doi: 10.3897/BDJ.2.e1068 Abstract New faunistic data on fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaroidea excluding Sciaridae) from Finland and NW Russia (Karelia and Murmansk Region) are presented. A total of 64 and 34 species are reported for the first time form Finland and Russian Karelia, respectively. Nine of the species are also new for the European fauna: Mycomya shewelli Väisänen, 1984,M. thula Väisänen, 1984, Acnemia trifida Zaitzev, 1982, Coelosia gracilis Johannsen, 1912, Orfelia krivosheinae Zaitzev, 1994, Mycetophila biformis Maximova, 2002, M. monstera Maximova, 2002, M. uschaica Subbotina & Maximova, 2011 and Trichonta palustris Maximova, 2002. Keywords Sciaroidea, Fennoscandia, faunistics © Jakovlev J et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
    [Show full text]
  • Exposing the Structure of an Arctic Food Web Helena K
    Exposing the structure of an Arctic food web Helena K. Wirta1,†, Eero J. Vesterinen2,†, Peter A. Hamback€ 3, Elisabeth Weingartner3, Claus Rasmussen4, Jeroen Reneerkens5,6, Niels M. Schmidt6, Olivier Gilg7,8 & Tomas Roslin1 1Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 5, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland 2Department of Biology, University of Turku, Vesilinnantie 5, FI-20014 Turku, Finland 3Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden 4Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, DK–8000 Aarhus, Denmark 5Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 11103, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands 6Arctic Research Centre, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark 7Laboratoire Biogeosciences, UMR CNRS 6282, Universite de Bourgogne, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France 8Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Arctique, 16 rue de Vernot, 21440 Francheville, France Keywords Abstract Calidris, DNA barcoding, generalism, Greenland, Hymenoptera, molecular diet How food webs are structured has major implications for their stability and analysis, Pardosa, Plectrophenax, specialism, dynamics. While poorly studied to date, arctic food webs are commonly Xysticus. assumed to be simple in structure, with few links per species. If this is the case, then different parts of the web may be weakly connected to each other, with Correspondence populations and species united by only a low number of links. We provide the Helena K. Wirta, Department of Agricultural first highly resolved description of trophic link structure for a large part of a Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 5, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. high-arctic food web.
    [Show full text]
  • Zootaxa, the Fungus Gnats (Diptera: Bolitophilidae
    Zootaxa 2318: 450–506 (2009) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2009 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) The fungus gnats (Diptera: Bolitophilidae, Keroplatidae, Mycetophilidae) of Sardinia, with description of six new species* PETER J. CHANDLER 606B Berryfield Lane, Melksham, Wilts SN12 6EL, United Kingdom. E-mail: [email protected] *In: Cerretti, P., Mason, F., Minelli, A., Nardi, G. & Whitmore, D. (Eds), Research on the Terrestrial Arthropods of Sardinia (Italy). Zootaxa, 2318, 1–602. Table of contents Abstract . .450 Introduction . .451 Study area . .452 Material and methods . .452 Abbreviations . .453 Sampling sites . .454 Faunistic list . .456 Bolitophilidae . .456 Keroplatidae, Keroplatinae, Keroplatini . .456 Orfeliini . .457 Macrocerinae . .462 Mycetophilidae, Gnoristinae . .465 Leiinae . .469 Mycetophilinae, Exechiini . .472 Mycetophilini . .480 Mycomyinae . .492 Sciophilinae . .495 Discussion . .500 Acknowledgements . .501 References . .502 Abstract The fungus gnat fauna of Sardinia is reviewed and data presented for all species recorded. Altogether one species of Bolitophilidae, 16 species of Keroplatidae and 105 species of Mycetophilidae are recognised as occurring in Sardinia. As the bolitophilid and two of the mycetophilid species are represented only by females and are not determined to species level, the total confirmed Sardinian list stands at 119 species. Four species of Keroplatidae and 19 species of Mycetophilidae are new to the total Italian fauna, whereas three species of Keroplatidae and 32 species of Mycetophilidae are newly recorded for the island of Sardinia. Six species are described as new to science: two Keroplatidae (Urytalpa juliae sp. nov., Macrocera nuragica sp. nov.) and four Mycetophilidae (Boletina ichnusa sp. nov., Trichonta sandalyon sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Chironomidae Hirschkopf
    Literatur Chironomidae Gesäuse U.A. zur Bestimmung und Ermittlung der Autökologie herangezogene Literatur: Albu, P. (1972): Două specii de Chironomide noi pentru ştiinţă în masivul Retezat.- St. şi Cerc. Biol., Seria Zoologie, 24: 15-20. Andersen, T.; Mendes, H.F. (2002): Neotropical and Mexican Mesosmittia Brundin, with the description of four new species (Insecta, Diptera, Chironomidae).- Spixiana, 25(2): 141-155. Andersen, T.; Sæther, O.A. (1993): Lerheimia, a new genus of Orthocladiinae from Africa (Diptera: Chironomidae).- Spixiana, 16: 105-112. Andersen, T.; Sæther, O.A.; Mendes, H.F. (2010): Neotropical Allocladius Kieffer, 1913 and Pseudosmittia Edwards, 1932 (Diptera: Chironomidae).- Zootaxa, 2472: 1-77. Baranov, V.A. (2011): New and rare species of Orthocladiinae (Diptera, Chironomidae) from the Crimea, Ukraine.- Vestnik zoologii, 45(5): 405-410. Boggero, A.; Zaupa, S.; Rossaro, B. (2014): Pseudosmittia fabioi sp. n., a new species from Sardinia (Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae).- Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research, [S.l.],46(1): 1-5. Brundin, L. (1947): Zur Kenntnis der schwedischen Chironomiden.- Arkiv för Zoologi, 39 A(3): 1- 95. Brundin, L. (1956): Zur Systematik der Orthocladiinae (Dipt. Chironomidae).- Rep. Inst. Freshwat. Drottningholm 37: 5-185. Casas, J.J.; Laville, H. (1990): Micropsectra seguyi, n. sp. du groupe attenuata Reiss (Diptera: Chironomidae) de la Sierra Nevada (Espagne).- Annls Soc. ent. Fr. (N.S.), 26(3): 421-425. Caspers, N. (1983): Chironomiden-Emergenz zweier Lunzer Bäche, 1972.- Arch. Hydrobiol. Suppl. 65: 484-549. Caspers, N. (1987): Chaetocladius insolitus sp. n. (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Lunz, Austria. In: Saether, O.A. (Ed.): A conspectus of contemporary studies in Chironomidae (Diptera).
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Aquatic Insects in the Dicle (Tigris) River Basin, Turkey, with New Records
    Turkish Journal of Zoology Turk J Zool (2017) 41: 102-112 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/zoo-1512-56 Spatial and temporal distribution of aquatic insects in the Dicle (Tigris) River Basin, Turkey, with new records Fatma ÇETİNKAYA, Aysel BEKLEYEN* Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey Received: 21.12.2015 Accepted/Published Online: 01.06.2016 Final Version: 25.01.2017 Abstract: We investigated insects of the Dicle (Tigris) River Basin in terms of their composition and spatiotemporal distribution. Larvae, pupae, pupal exuviae, and nymphs of insects were obtained from samples collected by a plankton net monthly during a 1-year period in 2008 and 2009 at seven different sites of the Dicle (Tigris) River Basin. A total of 35 taxa from the orders Trichoptera (1 taxon), Ephemeroptera (3 taxa), and Diptera (31 taxa) were identified. Chironomidae (Diptera) was the most diverse group and was represented by three major subfamilies, namely Tanypodinae (2 taxa), Orthocladiinae (19 taxa), and Chironominae (7 taxa). Among these species, Nanocladius (Nanocladius) spiniplenus Saether, 1977 is a new record for Turkey as well as for western Asia. In addition, the Psychomyia larvae found for the first time in the Dicle (Tigris) River Basin (Turkey) were described. Both taxa have been illustrated to warrant validation. Taxa number varied spatially from 6 to 14 and temporally from 2 to 12 during the sampling period. Along the river, Cricotopus bicinctus and Orthocladius (S.) holsatus were the most common taxa. Key words: Diptera, Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Insecta, Dicle (Tigris) River 1.
    [Show full text]