„Ameerika Otsib Superstaari“ Subtiitrite Analüüs

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„Ameerika Otsib Superstaari“ Subtiitrite Analüüs View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by DSpace at Tartu University Library Tartu Ülikool Filosoofiateaduskond Germaani, romaani ja slaavi filoloogia instituut SAATE „AMEERIKA OTSIB SUPERSTAARI“ SUBTIITRITE ANALÜÜS Magistritöö Raul Pirbe Juhendaja: Lektor Ilmar Anvelt Tartu 2012 2 Eessõna Käesoleva magistritöö põhieesmärgiks on välja tuua telesaate „Ameerika otsib superstaari“ kümnenda hooaja 18 episoodi eesti keelde subtitreerimisel (tõlkimisel) tekkinud peamised probleemid. Töö on jaotatud kaheks põhiliseks osaks. Esimeses osas antakse ülevaade subtitreerimisest üldisemalt, SDI Media Estonia OÜ-st, subtiitrite nõuetest ja tehnilistest piirangutest ning erinevatest tõlketeooriatest ja –meetoditest, mida probleemide lahendamisel on kasutatud. Teine osa sisaldab subtiitrite analüüsi, kus on kirjas algtekst, eestikeelne subtiiter ja põhjendused, miks on tõlgitud just nii ning milliseid meetodeid kasutatud. Näiteid on toodud kõigist 18 episoodist, mis käesoleva magistritöö autor tõlkis reaalse tõlketööna. 3 Lühendid Käesolevas magistritöös kasutatakse järgmisi lühendeid: SDI – SDI Media Estonia OÜ; ÕS – Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat. 4 Sisukord Eessõna ....................................................................................................................................... 2 Lühendid ..................................................................................................................................... 3 1. Sissejuhatus ......................................................................................................................... 6 2. Esimene osa ......................................................................................................................... 9 2.1. Mis on subtitreerimine? ................................................................................................ 9 2.2. SDI Media Estonia OÜ .............................................................................................. 10 2.3. Nõuded subtiitritele .................................................................................................... 11 2.3.1. Ruumilised ja ajalised piirangud ......................................................................... 11 2.3.2. Subtiitrite paigutus .............................................................................................. 13 2.3.3. Kirjavahemärgid ................................................................................................. 14 2.4. Kasulik meeles pidada ................................................................................................ 16 2.5. Kasutatud tõlketeooriad ja –meetodid ........................................................................ 17 2.5.1. Skopos-teooria ..................................................................................................... 17 2.5.2. Relevantsusteooria .............................................................................................. 18 2.5.3. Ekvivalentsusteooria ........................................................................................... 19 2.5.4. Välja jätmine ....................................................................................................... 19 2.5.5. Kodustamine ja võõrapärastamine ...................................................................... 20 2.5.6. Idioomid ja släng ................................................................................................ 21 2.5.7. Täpsustamine, asendamine, ümbersõnastamine, üldistamine ja tõlkimata jätmine... ............................................................................................................................ 23 3. Teine osa ............................................................................................................................ 25 5 3.1. Materjali valik ............................................................................................................ 25 3.2. Analüüs ...................................................................................................................... 26 3.3. Peamised probleemid ............................................................................................... 170 4. Kokkuvõte ....................................................................................................................... 171 5. Kasutatud kirjandus ......................................................................................................... 173 5.1. Esmased allikad ........................................................................................................ 173 5.2. Teisesed allikad ........................................................................................................ 173 6. Summary .......................................................................................................................... 178 6 1. Sissejuhatus Meile kõigile meeldib vahepeal vaadata televiisorist mõnd välismaist saadet või filmi, aga meeldiva vaatamiselamuse võib rikkuda kehv tõlge. Kuidas me aru saame, et tõlge on kehv? Sest subtiitrite puhul on algtekst ja tõlge samal ajal kättesaadavad ning paljud meist oskavad mingil määral inglise keelt, mis on enamasti välismaiste filmide ja saadete keeleks. Seega on subtiitrid teiste tõlkevormide kõrval kriitikale kõige avatumad (Veiga 2009: 166). Kuid alati ei pea kehva tõlke äratundmiseks oskama võõrkeelt. Kummalise sõnastuse tunneb ära iga eesti keelt emakeelena kõnelev inimene. Aga mis teeb audiovisuaalse teksti tõlke, täpsemalt subtitreerimise (subtitling), keeruliseks? Käesoleva magistritöö põhieesmärk on välja tuua telesaate „Ameerika otsib superstaari“ kümnenda hooaja erinevate episoodide subtitreerimisega kaasnenud peamised probleemid subtiitrite analüüsimise teel, mille on eesti keelde tõlkinud antud magistritöö autor reaalse tõlketööna telekanalile TV6 ettevõtte SDI Media Estonia OÜ (edaspidi SDI) kaudu. Autor arvab, et taoline tõlke põhjalik analüüs aitab lugejal mõista subtitreerimisega kaasnevaid probleeme. Samuti on enda tõlke analüüsimine kasulik igale tõlkijale, eriti algajale, sest sel viisil õpib ta paremini tundma oma mõtteviisi, kasutatud meetodeid ja tehtud vigu, mida tulevikus vältida. Esimese uurimuse subtitreerimisest pealkirjaga „Le sous-titrage de films“ kirjutas S. Laks juba 1957. aastal (Díaz Cintas 2009: 2), aga Eestis on see ala suhteliselt vähe uuritud. Tallinna Ülikoolis on küll kirjutatud bakalaureusetöö „Proposed Subtitling Standards and Methods in Estonia“ (Kalda 2010: 1) ja magistritööd „Audiovisuaalse meedia tõlkekvaliteedi tagamisest Eestis tegutsevates subtitreerimisorganisatsioonides,“ autoriks Kristel Lõuk, ning „Eestikeelse subtiitritõlke ootusnorm Tallinna abiturientide näitel,“ autoriks Laima Kirsimaa (Ester Tallinn 2007). Pealkirjade järgi võib öelda, et magistritööd on pigem üldise iseloomuga, mis ei käsitle ühe konkreetse audiovisuaalset tõlget pakkuva ettevõtte nõudeid ega üht kindlat saadet, filmi või seriaali. Kalda (2010: 17) on kirjutanud inglise keeles ning samuti pole näited võetud 7 ühest konkreetsest audiovisuaalsest teosest. Sälik (2010: 1) on Tartu Ülikoolis kirjutanud ingliskeelse magistritöö „The Translation of Verbal Irony in the Estonian Subtitles of House M.D.,“ aga selles käsitletakse vaid iroonia tõlkimist, kuigi ühes konkreetses seriaalis. Seega ühe saate, filmi või seriaali subtitreerimise jooksul tekkinud erinevaid probleeme pole veel eesti keeles analüüsitud. Käesolev magistritöö on jaotatud kaheks peamiseks osaks, millest esimeses antakse üldine ülevaade subtitreerimisest kui ühest audiovisuaalsest tõlkevormist, SDI-st kui Eesti ühest suurimast audiovisuaalset tõlget pakkuvast ettevõttest, SDI nõuetest tõlkijale ehk subtitreerijale, tehnilistest piirangutest ning erinevatest tõlketeooriatest ja –meetoditest, millega tekkinud probleeme lahendada. Töö teine osa sisaldab saate „Ameerika otsib superstaari“ kümnenda hooaja subtiitrite analüüsi, mille käigus tuuakse välja peamised tõlkeprobleemid. „Ameerika otsib superstaari“ (American Idol) on meelelahutuslik tõsielusaade, mille formaadi autoriks on Simon Fuller ja tootjaks teleproduktsioonifirma FremantleMedia North America (isiklik suhtlus 11.10.2011). Eesti telekanalil TV3 jooksnud „Eesti otsib superstaari“ põhineb samal formaadil. Saate eesmärk on leida uus superstaar. Selleks korraldatakse üle riigi eelvoorud, kust pääsevad edasi vaid hea laulmisoskusega võistlejad, keda hindavad kolm kohtunikku: Randy Jackson, Jennifer Lopez ja Steven Tyler. Lõpuks jääb järele 12 poissi ja 12 tüdrukut, kelle hulgast valib rahvas telefonihääletuse teel välja viis poissi ja viis tüdrukut ning kohtunikud saavad valida veel kolm võistlejat. Seejärel toimub iga nädal üks otsesaade kindla muusikalise teemaga (laulud võistlejate sünniaastast, mõne kuulsa staari laulud jne), pärast mida langeb välja kõige vähem rahva hääli saanud võistleja, kuni alles on vaid kaks parimat. Selle aja jooksul nõustavad 13 võistlejat erinevad produtsendid ja staarid. Kohtunikud kommenteerivad võistlejaid pärast iga nende esitust. Saates räägitav tekst ei ole kellelegi ette kirjutatud, küll aga jutustavate sissejuhatavate osade tekst, mida loeb tavaliselt saatejuht Ryan Seacrest. Saade on USA-s 18-49-aastaste seas olnud kõige populaarsem telesaade viimased kaheksa aastat järjest (American Idol), kuid kindlasti vaatavad Eestis saadet ka nooremad ja vanemad 8 inimesed, kelle hulgas on nii muusika- ja laulueksperte kui ka lihtsalt meelelahutust otsivaid vaatajaid. 9 2. Esimene osa 2.1. Mis on
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