Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 17 November 2015 | 7(13): 8023–8035
A checklist of amphibians of Kerala, India
Sandeep Das ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Conservation Division, Kerala Forest Research Institute (KFRI), Peechi, Kerala 680653, ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Communication Short India [email protected] OPEN ACCESS
Abstract: A checklist of amphibians of Kerala State is presented in this when vast number of amphibians were described from paper. Accepted English names, scientific binomen, vernacular names our country. Of the 384 species found in India (Dinesh et in Malayalam, IUCN conservation status, endemism, Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act schedules, and the appendices in the CITES, pertaining al. 2015), 154 were described between 2000 and March to the amphibians of Kerala are also given. The State of Kerala has 151 2015, among which 111 are from the Western Ghats. At species of amphibians, 136 of which are endemic to Western Ghats and 50 species fall under the various threatened categories of IUCN. the current pace, with new technologies, tools, and more taxonomists working on amphibians in the country, it is Keywords: Endemism, CITES, Malayalam name, vernacular name, likely that several new species will get described in the Western Ghats, Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act. near future. Dutta (1997) published the first checklist on Indian amphibians with 212 species. Later Das & Duttta (1998) Globally, there are about 7,356 known amphibian updated the list with English names. Another update on species belonging to three living orders (Frost 2015). the list was done by Daniels (2001). Chanda (2002) was From January 2004 until March 2015 the world has the first to publish a Handbook on Indian Amphibians witnessed the discovery and description of 1,786 species with brief accounts followed by Daniels (2005) with 238 of amphibians (Amphibia Web 2015). At the same time, species of amphibians from Peninsular India in his book 36 species of amphibians are extinct and over 1,957 Amphibians of Peninsular India. Dinesh et al. (2009) species are threatened (Monastersky 2014). The golden published an annotated checklist of amphibians of India era of amphibian systematics in India was during the as an occasional paper of Zoological Survey of India with British Raj from the 1850s to 1925 (Biju 2001), followed a total of 248 species including all new species described by the period from 2000 to 2015 (Amphibia Web 2015), till 2009. Gururaja (2012) published a pictorial guide to
Raorchestes resplendens Resplendent Shrub Frog
NOT DATA LEAST NEAR CRITICALLY EXTINCT VULNERABLE ENDANGERED EXTINCT EVALUATED DEFICIENT CONCERN THREATENED ENDANGERED IN THE WILD NE DD LC NT VU EN CR EW EX
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2003.7.13.8023-8035 | ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:37120269-A512-41E4-9C2A-1E61D7A89DCC
Editor: Mewa Singh, University of Mysore, Mysuru, India. Date of publication: 17 November 2015 (online & print)
Manuscript details: Ms # o4307 | Received 11 May 2015 | Final received 23 September 2015 | Finally accepted 29 September 2015
Citation: Das, S. (2015). A checklist of amphibians of Kerala, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 7(13): 8023–8035; http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2003.7.13.8023- 8035
Copyright: © Das 2015. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. JoTT allows unrestricted use of this article in any medium, reproduction and distribution by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publication.
Funding: None.
Conflict of Interest: The author declares no competing interests.
Acknowledgements: I am thankful to my team members viz. P.O. Nameer, Rajeev Raghavan, A Bijukumar, Mohamed Jafer Palot and Praveen J in helping in the succesful completion of this checklist. I would like to acknowledge P.S. Easa, and K.A. Sreejith for their encouragement. I would also like to thank Anil Zachariah, Lilly Margaret Eluvathingal, K.P. Rajkumar and Dhaneesh Bhaskar for constructive comments on the manuscript and for helping with the new vernacular names for amphibians of Kerala.
8023 Amphibians of Kerala Das frogs and toads of the Western Ghats. Dinesh and his India. Indian Society for Conservation Biology-Occasional Publication colleagues have periodically updated the checklist of 1: 1–24. Biju, S.D. & F. Bossuyt (2003). New frog family from India reveals an amphibians of India and a recent updated version of the ancient biogeographical link withthe Seychelles. Nature 425: 711– list was made available online in 2015 with 384 species. 714; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature02019 Biju, S.D. (2004). Raorchestes travancoricus. The IUCN Red List Studies on amphibians in Kerala date back to the of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3.
8024 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 17 November 2015 | 7(13): 8023–8035 Amphibians of Kerala Das
CITES App. II App. II
WPA Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV Sch. IV
KL KL KL WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG END
LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC NT EN EN EN NE EN EN VU VU DD DD DD IUCN Cheāṟittavaḷa Cheṟuceviyan Kāṭṭucheāṟittavaḷa Cheāṟittavaḷa Kuññan Nīrceāṟiyan Tīvayaṟan Chempan Aruviyan Āṭṭumākkācchi Chāṭṭakkāran Nāṭṭumākkācchi Chiluchilappan Kuḻittavaḷa Cheṟukālan Chilappan Chatuppan Chilappan Kēraḷa Nilagiri Chilappan Chilappan Paṟampikuḷaṁ Chilappan Cheṅkal Munnār Piligiriyan Vayal Tavaḷa Vayal Vernacular name Vernacular Cheāṟittavaḷa Tekkan Marachēāṟiyan Silent Valley Cheāṟittavaḷa Valley Silent sNmdn¯hf
് വാലി d sNmdnb³ sNmdn¯hf sNdpsNhnb³ Im«p sNmdn¯hf Ipª³ sNmdn¯hf Xohbd³ \oÀsNmdnb³ sN¼³ Acphnb³ ൈസലൻ മര B«pam¡m¨n Nm«¡mc³ \m«pam¡m¨n NnepNne¸³ sNdpIme³ Ipgn¯hf NXp¸³ Nne¸³ tIcf Nne¸³ \neKncn Nne¸³ ]d¼nIpfw Nne¸³ sN¦Â Nne¸³ ap¶mÀ ]nenKncnb³ hb Xhf Malayalam name Malayalam sX¡³ sNmdn¯hf (Schneider, 1799) (Schneider, 1882) (Boulenger 1882) (Boulenger, 1799) (Schneider, (Linnaeus, 1758) 1876) (Gunther, 1981) (Pillai & Pattabiraman, 1875 Gunther (Jerdon, 1853) (Jerdon,
(Schneider, 1799) (Schneider, (Daudin, 1803) Dubois, Ohler & Biju, 2001 1799) (Schneider, 1871) (Peters, (Dubois, 1980) 1853) (Jerdon, 1937) (Rao, 1853) (Jerdon, Gururaja, Biju, Garg, 2014 Shouche, & Walujkar, (Lesson, 1834) Authority 1875) (Gunther, Duttaphrynus melanostictus melanostictus Duttaphrynus microtympanum Duttaphrynus parietalis Duttaphrynus scaber Duttaphrynus silentvalleyensis Duttaphrynus ornata Ghatophryne rubigina Ghatophryne tuberculosus Pedostibes Hoplobatrachus crassus cyanophlyctis Euphlyctis Hoplobatrachus tigerinus Minervarya sahyadris breviceps Sphaerotheca brevipalmata Zakerana keralensis Zakerana nilagirica Zakerana parambikulamana Zakerana rufescens Zakerana adonis Micrixalus Euphlyctis hexadactylus hexadactylus Euphlyctis Species name beddomii Duttaphrynus 6, 33 6, 7, 33 7, , 33 , 32 8, 33 8, , 33 , Common Indian Toad (Common Common Indian Toad Asian Toad)¹ (Southern Hill Toad Small-eared Toad)¹ (Indian Toad)¹ Toad Ridged Toad¹ Ferguson’s (South Indian Hill Toad Valley Silent Toad)¹ (Black Torrent Toad Malabar Torrent Toad)² , Ornate Toad Stream (Kerala Toad Stream Red Toad)³ Asian (Warty Toad Malabar Tree Toad) Tree Jerdon’s Bullfrog (Carnatic Peters Peters (Carnatic Bullfrog Jerdon’s frog)⁴ Minervarya Frog Minervarya Skittering Frog (Indian Skipper Frog Skittering Frog)⁴ Indian Bullfrog⁴ Frog⁵ Indian Burrowing (Nilgiri Frog) frog Nilgiris Wart (Reddish Frog Burrowing Rufescent Frog) Burrowing (Beautiful Frog Munnar Torrent Dancing Frog) Indian Pond Frog (Green Pond Pond (Green Frog Indian Pond Frog)⁴ Frog, (Peter's Frog Short-webbed Frog)⁶ Wart Pegu (Verrucose Frog Warty Kerala Frog)⁶ Frog Wart Parambikulam English name I. ORDER ANURA (toads) BUFONIDAE 1. Family Toad)¹ (Travancore Toad Beddome’s (fork- DICROGLOSSIDAE 2. Family frogs) tongued (dancing MICRIXALIDAE 3. Family frogs)
2 3 5 7 9 4 6 8 1 12 14 10 13 15 18 20 21 11 16 17 19 Table 1. The checklist of amphibians Kerala 1. The checklist Table
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WPA
KL KL KL KL KL KL KL KL KL WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG END
LC LC LC NE NT EN NE NE NE EN NE NE NE NE EN VU VU VU DD DD DD DD IUCN Silent Valley Piligiriyan Valley Silent Ānamala Piligiriyan Piligiriyan Agastyamala Piligiriyan Gāṭgil Piligiriyan Kuṟichyar Piligiriyan Nelliyāmpati Piligiriyan Vayanāṭ Piligiriyan Sairandhri Piligiriyan Vaṭakkan Piligiriyan Kāṭṭu Cēālakkaṟumpi Kuṟuvāyan Svarṇa Cempan Kuṟuvāyan Ānamala Balūṇ Tavaḷa Balūṇ Tavaḷa Kallār Piligiriyan Kallār Piligiriyan Śenturuṇi Piligiriyan Karivayaṟan Piligiriyan Cheṅkālan Piligiriyan Peānmuṭi Kuṟuvāyan Ṣēāḷigāri Vernacular name Vernacular Piligiriyan Keāṭukhu
]nenKncnb³
വാലി ് d ൈസലൻ AKkvXyae ]nenKncnb³ Im«p ]nenKncnb³ kzÀW Ipdphmb³ _eq¬ Xhf B\ae ]nenKncnb³ KmSvKn ]nenKncnb³ IpdnNyÀ ]nenKncnb³ s\Ãnbm¼Xn ]nenKncnb³ hb\mSv ]nenKncnb³ sskc{Ôn ]nenKncnb³ hS¡³ ]nenKncnb³ tNme¡dp¼n sN¼³ Ipdphmb³ B\ae _eq¬Xhf IÃmÀ ]nenKncnb³ si´pcpWn ]nenKncnb³ Icnhbd³ ]nenKncnb³ sN¦me³ ]nenKncnb³ s]m·pSn ]nenKncnb³ tjmfnKmcn Ipdphmb³ Malayalam name Malayalam sImSpJp ]nenKncnb³
(Boulenger, 1882) (Boulenger, 1882) (Boulenger, 1841) (Dumeril & Bibron, 1864) (Gunther, Biju, Garg, Gururaja, Gururaja, Biju, Garg, 2014 Shouche, & Walujkar, 1990 Pillai & Pattabiraman, Gururaja, Biju, Garg, 2014 Shouche, & Walujkar, Gururaja, Biju, Garg, 2014 Shouche, & Walujkar, Pillai, 1978 Gururaja, Biju, Garg, 2014 Shouche, & Walujkar, 1854) (Jerdon, Pillai, 1981 Beddome, 1878 1854) (Jerdon, 1937 Rao, Myers, 1942 Myers, Gururaja, Biju, Garg, 2014 Shouche, & Walujkar, Gururaja, Biju, Garg, 2014 Shouche, & Walujkar, 1854) (Jerdon, Gururaja, Biju, Garg, 2014 Shouche, & Walujkar, 2000 & Ray, Dutta Authority (Rao,1937) Micrixalus fuscus Micrixalus silvaticus Micrixalus ornata Microhyla Uperodon globulosus Micrixalus frigidus Micrixalus gadgili Micrixalus kurichiyari Micrixalus nelliyampathi Micrixalus nudis Micrixalus sairandhri Micrixalus saxicola Micrixalus thampii Micrixalus Melanobatrachus indicus rubra Microhyla Uperodon anamalaiensis Micrixalus herrei Micrixalus mallani Micrixalus nigraventris Micrixalus phyllophilus Micrixalus sali Micrixalus sholigari Microhyla Species name elegans Micrixalus Dusky Torrent Frog (kalakad Dancing (kalakad Frog Dusky Torrent Frog)¹⁰ Dancing (Forest Frog Torrent Forest Frog)¹⁰ Frog Narrow-mouthed Ornate Frog)¹² Pygmy (Ornated Indian Balloon Frog¹⁴ Cold Stream Torrent Frog (Cold Frog Torrent Cold Stream Dancing Frog) Stream (Gadgil's Frog Gadgil's Torrent Dancing Frog) (Kurichiyar Frog Torrent Kurichiyar Dancing Frog) Frog Torrent Nelliyampathi Dancing Frog) (Nelliyampathi Dancing (Naked Frog Torrent Naked Frog) (Sairandhri Frog Torrent Sairandhri Dancing Frog) (Wayanad Frog Torrent Wayanad Malabar Tropical Dancing Frog, Frog)¹¹ Valley (Silent Frog Thampi's Torrent Dancing Frog) (Malabar Frog Black Microhylid Orange frog, Black narrow-mouthed Indian Microhylid) Black Tubercled Frog¹² Narrow-mouthed Reddish (Anamalai Anamalai Balloon Frog Balloon Frog)¹³ Kallar Torrent Frog (Kallar Dancing (Kallar Frog Torrent Kallar Frog) (Mallan's Frog Mallan's Torrent Dancing Frog) (Black- Frog Torrent Black-bellied bellied Dancing Frog) (Nilgiri Frog Torrent Pink-thighed Dancing Frog)¹⁰ Frog,Nilgiri Torrent (Sali's Dancing Frog Sali's Torrent Frog) Microhylid Sholigari Elegant Torrent Frog (Elegant (Elegant Frog Torrent Elegant Dancing Frog)⁹ English name (narrow- MICROHYLIDAE 4. Family mouthed frogs)
24 36 39 43 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 38 40 42 26 28 30 32 34 41 22
8026 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 17 November 2015 | 7(13): 8023–8035 Amphibians of Kerala Das
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WPA Sch. IV Sch. IV
KL KL KL KL KL KL KL WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG END LC LC LC NT EN NE EN NE EN NE EN NE NE NE VU VU VU DD DD IUCN Cheāla Balūṇ Tavaḷa Balūṇ Tavaḷa Veṇṇakkal Malabār Balūṇ Tavaḷa Balūṇ Tavaḷa Varṇṇa Alisi Rāttavaḷa Ānamala Rāttavaḷa Rāttavaḷa Beṭēāṁ Rāttavaḷa Dēvani Rāttavaḷa Peruṁ Rāttavaḷa Kuññan Rāttavaḷa Kēraḷā Chitra Tavaḷa Chitra Rāttavaḷa Gavi Vernacular name Vernacular Tavaḷa Pātāḷa Muḷḷan Rāttavaḷa Vayanāṭ Rāttavaḷa Vayanāṭ Indranīli rāttavaḷa Indranīli Rāttavaḷa Kemphēāḷē Cheāla Rāttavaḷa
cm¯hf
_eq¬Xhf
me me cm¯hf ച ച വയനാട് hÀ® _eq¬Xhf B\ae cm¯hf t Ipª³ cm¯hf sh®¡Â _eq¬Xhf ae_mÀ _eq¬Xhf Aenkn cm¯hf s_tSmw cm¯hf tZh\n cm¯hf s]cpw cm¯hf tIcfm cm¯hf Nn{X Xhf Khn cm¯hf Malayalam name Malayalam t ]mXmf Xhf apų cm¯hf C{µ\oen cm¯hf sIwt^mtf cm¯hf
(Stoliczka, 1872) (Stoliczka, 1942) (Myers, Dubois, 1984 Giri, Roelants, Biju, Bocxlaer, & Bossuyt, 2007 Nagaraju (Schneider, 1799) (Schneider, 1875) (Gunther, & Koshy Shaffer, Inger, 1984 Bakde, 1882) (Boulenger, Mahony, Biju, Bocxlaer, Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Zachariah, Giri & Bossuyt 2011 Mahony, Biju, Bocxlaer, Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Zachariah, Giri & Bossuyt 2011 1882 Boulenger, & Koshy Shaffer, Inger, 1984 Bakde, Parker, 1934 Parker, Mahony, Biju, Bocxlaer, Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Zachariah, Giri & Bossuyt 2011 Authority 1854) (Jerdon, Biju & Bossuyt, 2003 Mahony, Biju, Bocxlaer, Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Zachariah, Giri & Bossuyt 2011 Biju, Bocxlaer, Mahony, Mahony, Biju, Bocxlaer, Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Zachariah, Giri & Bossuyt 2011 1937) (Rao, Uperodon variegata Nyctibatrachus anamallaiensis Nyctibatrachus deccanensis Nyctibatrachus minimus Uperodon systoma Uperodon triangularis Nyctibatrachus aliciae Nyctibatrachus beddomii Nyctibatrachus deveni Nyctibatrachus grandis Nyctibatrachus major Nyctibatrachus minor Uperodon taprobanica Nyctibatrachus gavi Species name Uperodon montanus sahyadrensis Nasikabatrachus Nyctibatrachus acanthodermis Nyctibatrachus indraneili kempholeyensis Nyctibatrachus Variegated Balloon Frog¹⁹ Variegated Frog²⁰ Anamallai Night Frog⁴ Anamallai Night Frog Night Miniature Marbled Balloon Frog¹⁶ Malabar Balloon Frog¹⁸ Frog Aliciae's Night (Pygmy Frog Night Beddome’s Frog)²⁰ Wrinkled Frog Night Deven's Frog Night Indraneil’s (Malabar Night Frog Malabar Night Frog) Wrinkled Large Frog, Frog Night Kerala Painted Frog¹⁷ Painted Frog Night Gavi Jerdon’s Balloon Frog¹⁵ Jerdon’s English name NASIKABATRACHIDAE 5. Family (purple frog) (Pig Nose Frog) Purple Frog (night NYCTIBATRACHIDAE 6. Family frogs) Frog Spinular Night Indraneil’s Night Frog Night Indraneil’s Frog²⁰ Night Kempholey 48 52 54 61 45 47 51 53 55 57 60 62 46 56 44 49 50 58 59
Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 17 November 2015 | 7(13): 8023–8035 8027 Amphibians of Kerala Das
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KL KL KL KL WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG END
LC LC NE NE EN NE NT NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE VU IUCN Piḷḷa Rāttavaḷa Pūcchattavaḷa rāttavaḷa Kaḷakkāṭ Bi Rāttavaḷa Vi Yu Kāṭṭumaṇavāṭṭi Maṇavāṭṭittavaḷa Maṇavāṭṭittavaḷa Beāleñcar Ḍēāṇi Maṇavāṭṭittavaḷa Mañña Maṇavāṭṭittavaḷa Maṇavāṭṭittavaḷa Intyan Maṇavāṭṭittavaḷa Ṟāvu Maṇavāṭṭittavaḷa Valiya Śrīni Maṇavāṭṭittavaḷa Maṇavāṭṭittavaḷa Nāṭṭu Vernacular name Vernacular Rāttavaḷa Periyār Pāṟattavaḷa Beṭēāṁ
]nÅ cm¯hf ]q¨¯hf If¡mSv cm¯hf hnbp_n cm¯hf Im«paWhm«n aWhm«n¯hf s_mse©À aWhm«n¯hf tUmWn aWhm«n¯hf aª aWhm«n¯hf C´y³ aWhm«n¯hf dmhp aWhm«n¯hf henb aWhm«n¯hf {io\n aWhm«n¯hf \m«p aWhm«n¯hf s]cnbmÀ cm¯hf Malayalam name Malayalam s_tSmw ]md¯hf
Biju, Bocxlaer, Mahony, Mahony, Biju, Bocxlaer, Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Zachariah, Giri & Bossuyt 2011 Mahony, Biju, Bocxlaer, Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Zachariah, Giri & Bossuyt 2011 1997 Ravichandran, Mahony, Biju, Bocxlaer, Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Zachariah, Giri & Bossuyt 2011 1853) (Jerdon, 1838) (Tschudi, 1904) (Boulenger, Mahony, (Biju, Garg, Senevirathne Wijayathilaka, 2014) & Meegaskumbura, 1853) (Jerdon, Mahony, (Biju, Garg, Senevirathne Wijayathilaka, 2014) & Meegaskumbura, 1937) (Rao, Mahony, (Biju, Garg, Senevirathne Wijayathilaka, 2014) & Meegaskumbura, Mahony, (Biju, Garg, Senevirathne Wijayathilaka, 2014) & Meegaskumbura, Mahony, (Biju, Garg, Senevirathne Wijayathilaka, 2014) & Meegaskumbura, Biju, Bocxlaer, Mahony, Mahony, Biju, Bocxlaer, Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Zachariah, Giri & Bossuyt 2011 Authority 1875) (Gunther, Nyctibatrachus pillai Nyctibatrachus vasanthi curtipes Clinotarsus malabarica Hydrophylax aurantiaca Indosylvirana doni Indosylvirana flavescens Indosylvirana indica Indosylvirana intermedius Indosylvirana magna Indosylvirana sreeni Indosylvirana urbis Indosylvirana Nyctibatrachus poocha Nyctibatrachus vrijeuni Nyctibatrachus periyar Species name Indirana beddomii 30 30 31 31 31 31 31 30 30 Boulenger's Golden-backed Frog Frog Golden-backed Boulenger's Trivandrum Frog, (Small Wood Frog) Pillai's Night Frog Pillai's Night Frog Night Kalakad (Malabar Frog)⁴ Frog Bicoloured Frog Golden-backed Don’s Frog Indian Golden-backed Frog Golden-backed Large Meowing Night Frog Night Meowing Frog VUB Night Golden-backed Intermediate Rao’s Frog Frog Golden-backed Sreeni’s Frog Urban Golden-backed Fungoid Frog (Malabar Hills Frog) Frog Fungoid Frog Golden-backed Yellowish Periyar Night Frog Night Periyar English name (true frogs) RANIDAE 7. Family (leaping RANIXALIDAE 8. Family frogs) (Beddome's Frog leaping Beddome's Indian frog)²¹
70 64 66 68 71 73 75 65 67 74 76 77 69 72 63 78
8028 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 17 November 2015 | 7(13): 8023–8035 Amphibians of Kerala Das
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KL KL KL WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG END
LC LC LC LC LC LC CR EN NE EN NE EN NE NE NE NT NE EN EN VU DD DD IUCN Beāleñcar Pāṟattavaḷa Beāleñcar Pāṟattavaḷa Cheṟukālan Ānamala Chatuppan Chēāla Marattavaḷa Paccha Chatuppan Tekkan Taviṭṭumarattavaḷa Taviṭṭumarattavaḷa Ghaṭikāra Kariyilattavaḷa Kāṇi Kariyilattavaḷa Vayanāṭan Ilattavaḷa Agastyan Ilattavaḷa Paccha Anili Ilattavaḷa Puḷḷi Ilattavaḷa Ilattavaḷa Svarṇṇakkaṇṇi Ilattavaḷa Beṭēāṁ Ilattavaḷa Blāṇṭas Cheāṟiyan Pāṟattavaḷa Cheāṟiyan Chēāla Marattavaḷa Chārppa Taviṭṭumarattavaḷa Vernacular name Vernacular Ānamala Pāṟattavaḷa Puḷḷi Pāṟattavaḷa
Bēābiṅṅar Ilattavaḷa
s_mse©À ]md¯hf sNdpIme³ ]md¯hf B\ae NXp¸³ ]¨tNme ac¯hf sX¡³ NXp¸³ Xhn«pac¯hf LSnImc Xhn«pac¯hf ImWn Icnbne¯hf hb\mS³ Icnbne¯hf AKkvXy³ Ce¯hf ]¨ Ce¯hf A\nen Ce¯hf ]pÅn Ce¯hf kzÀ®¡®n Ce¯hf s_tSmw Ce¯hf »mïkv Ce¯hf sNmdnb³ ]md¯hf tNme ac¯hf NmÀ¸ Xhn«pac¯hf B\ae ]md¯hf Malayalam name Malayalam ]pÅn ]md¯hf t_m_n§À Ce¯hf
(Boulenger, 1882) (Boulenger, 1882) (Boulenger, Dinesh, (Zachariah, Radhakrishnan, & Palot Kunhikrishnan, Vishnudas, 2011) 1853) (Jerdon, Ansil, Pyron, Abraham, Zachariah 2013 & Zachariah, 1834) (Gray, 1998 Das & Ravichandran, (Biju & Bossuyt, 2009) (Jerdon,1853) Dinesh, Zachariah, Das, Raju, Kunhikrishnan, & Radhakrishnan, Palot 2011 Kalesh, (Biju & Bossuyt, 2009) (Biju & Bossuyt, 2006) Dinesh, Prabhu Vijaykumar, 2014 & Shanker, Dinesh, Prabhu Vijaykumar, 2014 & Shanker, 1876) (Gunther, Dinesh, Prabhu Vijaykumar, 2014 & Shanker, (Boulenger, 1882) (Boulenger, & Bossuyt, Biju, Roelants 2008 2006 Das & Dutta, (Gunther, 1875) (Gunther, Authority (Gunther, 1875) (Gunther, (Biju & Bossuyt, 2005) Indirana leptodactyla Indirana semipalmata bijui Beddomixalus variabilis Ghatixalus maculatus Polypedates pseudocruciger Polypedates Pseudophilautus wynaadensis akroparallagi Raorchestes archeos Raorchestes beddomii Raorchestes Mercurana myristicapalustris Mercurana myristicapalustris Pseudophilautus kani agasthyaensis Raorchestes anili Raorchestes aureus Raorchestes blandus Raorchestes Indirana phrynoderma asterops Ghatixalus occidentalis Polypedates Indirana brachytarsus Indirana brachytarsus Species name Indirana diplosticta Raorchestes bobingeri Raorchestes Boulenger's Leaping Frog Leaping Frog Boulenger's Indian Frog)²¹ (Boulenger's South Indian Frog⁴ Frog Swamp Kadalar Frog²³ Tree Green (Chunam Frog Common Indian Tree Frog)²⁴ (Yellow Frog Tree Hour-glass False Frog) Tree Bush Frog²⁵ Jerdon's Bush Frog⁹ Variable Bush Frog Archaic Beddome's Bush Frog²⁶ Myristica Swamp frog Swamp Myristica Bush Frog⁹ Kani Bush Frog Agasthyamala Anil's Bush Frog⁹ Frog Golden-eyed Bush Frog Pleasant Toad skinned Leaping Frog (Kerala (Kerala skinned Leaping Frog Toad Indian Frog)⁴ Tree (Star-eyed Frog Tree Ghat Frog)²³ frog Charpa Tree Anamallais Leaping Frog (Anamallais Anamallais Leaping Frog Indian frog)²¹ English name (tree RHACOPHORIDAE 9. Family ) frogs Spotted Leaping Frog (Malabar Leaping Frog Spotted Indian Frog)²² Bob Inger's Bush Frog ⁹ Bush Frog Bob Inger's
81 83 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 87 91 93 95 97 99 82 85 89 79 80 100
Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 17 November 2015 | 7(13): 8023–8035 8029 Amphibians of Kerala Das
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WPA KL KL KL WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG END CR CR CR CR CR CR CR EN NE NE NE NE EN NE NE NE VU VU VU VU DD DD DD IUCN Paccha Īṟṟattavaḷa Paccha Vernacular name Vernacular Seṣāchar Ilattavaḷa Ilattavaḷa Kuññan Ilattavaḷa Kuṟicyārmala Ilattavaḷa Paṭṭa ilattavaḷa Maññavayaṟan Grīṟṟ Ilattavaḷa Jēānsī Ilattavaḷa Ilattavaḷa Kaikāṭṭi Ilattavaḷa Kākkācchi Ilattavaḷa Pāṇṭan Mārkki Ilattavaḷa Tavaḷa Nīrttuḷḷi Ilattavaḷa Valiya Jayaṟāṁ Ilattavaḷa Jayaṟāṁ Munnār Ilattavaḷa Pacchakkaṇṇi Ilattavaḷa Pacchakkaṇṇi Ilattavaḷa Keāṭai Ilattavaḷa Mānantavāṭi Ilattavaḷa Kaṭalār Manēāhari Īṟṟattavaḷa Īṟṟattavaḷa Peānmuṭi Ilattavaḷa Peānmuṭi ]¨ Cuä¯hf Malayalam name Malayalam skjmNÀ Ce¯hf Ipª³ Ce¯hf ]« Ce¯hf aªhbd³ Ce¯hf {Koäv Ce¯hf tPm³ko Ce¯hf ssIIm«n Ce¯hf ]mï³ Ce¯hf amÀ¡n Ce¯hf \oÀ¯pÅn Xhf henb Ce¯hf IpdnNymÀae Ce¯hf Im¡m¨n Ce¯hf Pbdmw Ce¯hf ap¶mÀ Ce¯hf ]¨¡®n Ce¯hf sImssS Ce¯hf am\´hmSn Ce¯hf ISemÀ Ce¯hf at\mlcn Cuä¯hf Cuä¯hf s]m·pSn Ce¯hf (Gunther, 1876) (Gunther, Authority (Rao, 1937) (Rao, (Biju & Bossuyt, 2009) Dinesh, Zachariah, Das, Raju, Kunhikrishnan, & Radhakrishnan, Palot 2011 Kalesh, 1882) (Boulenger, (Bossuyt, 2002) Dinesh, Zachariah, Das, Raju, Kunhikrishnan, & Radhakrishnan, Palot 2011 Kalesh, (Biju & Bossuyt, 2009) Dinesh, Prabhu Vijaykumar, 2014 & Shanker, (Biju & Bossuyt, 2009) (Biju & Bossuyt, 2005) (Biju & Bossuyt, 2005) (Biju & Bossuyt, 2009) & Seshadri, Gururaja 2012 Aravind, (Biju & Bossuyt, 2009) (Biju & Bossuyt, 2009) (Biju & Bossuyt, 2009) (Biju & Bossuyt, 2006) 1853) (Jerdon, Dinesh, Zachariah, Das, Raju, Kunhikrishnan, & Radhakrishnan, Palot 2011 Kalesh, Dinesh, Zachariah, Das, Raju, Kunhikrishnan, & Radhakrishnan, Palot 2011 Kalesh, Dinesh, (Gururaja, Radhakrishnan & Palot, 2007) Ramachandra, (Biju & Bossuyt, 2005) Raorchestes chalazodes chalazodes Raorchestes Species name Raorchestes charius Raorchestes chotta Raorchestes crustai Raorchestes flaviventris Raorchestes griet Raorchestes johnceei Raorchestes kaikatti Raorchestes leucolatus Raorchestes marki Raorchestes nerostagona Raorchestes ponmudi Raorchestes Raorchestes chromasynchysi Raorchestes kakachi Raorchestes Raorchestes jayarami Raorchestes munnarensis Raorchestes Raorchestes chlorosomma Raorchestes dubois Raorchestes glandulosus Raorchestes kadalarensis Raorchestes manohari Raorchestes ochlandrae Raorchestes Raorchestes graminirupes Raorchestes Chalazodes Bubble Nest Frog²⁶ Bubble Nest Chalazodes English name Seshachar’s Bush Frog⁹ Seshachar’s Small Bush Frog⁹ Bark Bush Frog Bush Frog Yellow-bellied Bush Frog⁹ Griet Johnceei's Bush Frog Frog⁹ Bush Kaikatti Bush Frog Patch White Mark's Bush Frog⁹ Bush (Kalpetta Frog Drop Water Frog)⁹ Bush Frog⁹ Ponmudi Large Confusing Green Bush Frog⁹ Green Confusing Bush Frog Kakachi Jayaram's Bush Frog⁹ Jayaram's Munnar Bush Frog⁹ Green-eyed Bush Frog⁹ Green-eyed Bush Frog⁹ Kodaikanal (Beautiful Bush Glandular Bush Frog Bush Frog)²⁶ Pretty Frog, Bush Frog Kadalar Reed Bush Frog Beautiful (Manohar's Bush Frog) Bush Frog⁹ Reed Ochlandrae Ponmudi Bush Frog⁹ Ponmudi 101 102 104 106 108 111 113 115 117 119 121 123 105 116 112 120 103 107 109 114 118 122 110
8030 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 17 November 2015 | 7(13): 8023–8035 Amphibians of Kerala Das
CITES
WPA
KL KL KL KL KL KL KL WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG END
LC LC LC LC CR CR CR NE EN NE EN EN EN EN NE DD DD DD DD DD DD DD IUCN Ravi Ilattavaḷa Ravi Vernacular name Vernacular Maññakkarayan Pacchilappāṟān Maññakkarayan Mēnēān Kuruṭi Kuruṭi Nārāyaṇ Ānamuṭi Ilattavaḷa Ilattavaḷa Terkeāph Nilagiri Ilattavaḷa Ilattavaḷa Kudrēmukh Pacchilappāṟān Kaḷakkāṭ Pacchilappāṟān Kuruṭi Varayan kuruṭi Keāṭagu Cheṅṅaḷaṁ Kuruṭi Malabār Kuruṭi Nakṣhatrakkaṇṇi Ilattavaḷa Nakṣhatrakkaṇṇi Nīlakkaṇṇi Ilattavaḷa Nīlakkaṇṇi Īṟṟattavaḷa Uttamani Puḷḷi Pacchilappāṟān Kuruṭi Taṭiyan Kuruṭi Mūkkan Kuruṭi Trivarṇa Suṣhili Ilattavaḷa പച്ചിലപ്പാറാൻ
chn Ce¯hf Malayalam name Malayalam tat\m³ IpcpSn \mcmb¬ IpcpSn B\apSn Ce¯hf sXÀsIm^v Ce¯hf \neKncn Ce¯hf Ipt{ZapJv Ce¯hf If¡mSv ]¨ne¸mdm³ ]¨ne¸mdm³ hcb³ IpcpSn sImSKp IpcpSn sN§fw IpcpSn ae_mÀ IpcpSn \£{X¡®n Ce¯hf \oe¡®n Ce¯hf D¯a\n Cuä¯hf aª¡cb³ ]pÅn]¨ne¸mdm³ XSnb³ IpcpSn aq¡³ IpcpSn {XnhÀW IpcpSn kpjnen Ce¯hf
, 1913 , 1909
Zachariah, Dinesh, Zachariah, Das, Raju, Kunhikrishnan, & Radhakrishnan, Palot 2011 Kalesh, Authority Seshachar, 1939 Seshachar, Biju, Shouche, Dubois, Dutta Biju, Shouche, Dubois, Dutta & Bossuyt, 2010 Dinesh, Zachariah, Kunhikrishnan, Das, Raju, Radhakrishnan, 2011 & Kalesh, Palot 1853) (Jerdon, 2003) & Joshy, (Kuramoto Ahl, 1927 1870 Jerdon, 1879 Peters Wilkinson, Gower, and Govindappa 2007 Venkatachalaiah, 1999 Pillai & Ravich&ran, Annandale (Beddome, 1870) (Boulenger, 1882) (Boulenger, (Boulenger, 1891) (Boulenger, Dinesh, Zachariah, Das, Raju, Kunhikrishnan, & Radhakrishnan, Palot 2011 Kalesh, 1883 Boulenger, 2000 & Dutta, Vasudevan 1960 Taylor, Pillai, 1986 Annandale (Biju & Bossuyt, 2009)
Raorchestes ravii Raorchestes Species name Uraeotyphlus narayani Raorchestes resplendens Raorchestes theuerkaufi Raorchestes tinniens Raorchestes tuberohumerus Raorchestes calcadensis Rhacophorus malabaricus Rhacophorus beddomei Ichthyophis kodaguensis Ichthyophis Uraeotyphlus interruptus Uraeotyphlus menoni Uraeotyphlus malabaricus Raorchestes signatus Raorchestes Raorchestes travancoricus Raorchestes uthamani Raorchestes lateralis Rhacophorus pseudomala- Rhacophorus baricus bombayensis Ichthyophis longicephalus Ichthyophis tricolor Ichthyophis Raorchestes sushili Raorchestes Ravi's Bush Frog Ravi's English name II. ORDER GYMNOPHIONA (asiatic ICHTHYOPHIIDAE 10. Family caecilians) tailed Narayan’s Caecilian Narayan’s Resplendent Shrub Frog (Anamudi Shrub Frog Resplendent Bush Frog) Bush Frog Theuerkauf's Nilgiri Bush Frog²⁵ Bush Frog⁹ Kudremukh Frog Tree Kalakad (Malabar Malabar Gliding Frog Frog) Malabar Tree Flying Frog, Caecilian Beddome’s Striped Caecilian Kodagu Caecilian Chengalam Caecilian Menon’s Malabar Caecilian²⁸ Star-eyed Bush Frog²⁶ Star-eyed Travancore Bush Frog²⁷ Travancore Bush Frog Uthaman's Reed Frog Small Tree frog Tree Malabar False Caecilian Bombay Long-headed Caecilian Caecilian Three-colored Sushil's Bush Frog⁹
124 145 125 128 129 131 133 135 137 139 142 144 143 126 130 132 134 136 138 140 141 127
Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 17 November 2015 | 7(13): 8023–8035 8031 Amphibians of Kerala Das
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WPA KL KL KL KL KL WG END LC NE DD DD DD DD IUCN Vernacular name Vernacular Um'man Kuruṭi Chempan Kuruṭi Kuruṭi Pēriya Ēlakkāṭan Kuruṭi Ēlakkāṭan Kuruṭi Rāmasvāmi Tējasvini kuruṭi kuruṭi Tējasvini Malayalam name Malayalam t]cnb IpcpSn D½³ IpcpSn sN¼³ IpcpSn Ge¡mS³ IpcpSn cmakzman IpcpSn tXPkzn\n IpcpSn Authority (Beddome, 1870) Gower & Wilkinson, 2007 Gower 1841) (Dumeril & Bibron, Kotharambath, Gower, Gower, Kotharambath, Oomen & Wilkinson, 2012 1964 Taylor, Kotharambath, Wilkinson, Kotharambath, 2015 Oommen, and Gower, according to Dinesh et al. (2015) Dinesh et to according according to Dinesh et al. (2015) Dinesh et to according Fejervarya Fejervarya , Ramanella Fejervarya Species name Gegeneophis carnosus Uraeotyphlus oommeni Uraeotyphlus oxyurus Gegeneophis primus Gegeneophis ramaswamii Gegeneophis tejaswini , Kaloula , Philautus . , Ramanella , Ixalus , Callula , Ramanella , Rhacophorus , , Rana Tomopterna , Rana , Ixalus got synonymised with synonymised got , Systoma , Kaloula , Philautus , Rana , Philautus , Rhacophorus Nannobatrachus Cecilia Epicrium Hyla Ixalus Polypedates Phyllomdesua Ixalus Ixalus Rana , Ramanella Hylaedactylus Hylarana Rana, Hylarana Kaloula Polypedates Rana , Fejervarya Philautus Ansonia , Fejervarya Tomopterna Bufo Minervarya with synonymised got Zakerana English name INDOTYPHLYIDAE 11. Family caecilians) (common Caecilian²⁹ Peak Periya Oommen’s Uraeotyphlus Oommen’s Caecilian²⁸ Red Malabar Cardomom Gegeneophis Malabar Cardomom Caecilian Ramaswami’s Tejaswini Gegeneophis Tejaswini 148 146 147 150 149 151 Formerly in the genus in the genus Formerly in the genus Formerly the genus Recently the genus Recently 30 31 32 33 ⁷ Formerly in the genus in the genus ⁷ Formerly Pyxicephalus in the genus ⁸ Formerly in the genus ⁹ Formerly in the genus ¹⁰ Formerly in the genus ¹¹ Formerly ⁴ Formerly in the genus Rana in the genus ⁴ Formerly Tomopterna in the genus ⁵ Formerly in the genus ⁶ Formerly ¹ Formerly in the genus in the genus ¹ Formerly , Ansonia Bufo in the genus ² Formerly in the genus ³ Formerly ²³ Formerly in the genus in the genus ²³ Formerly ²⁰ Formerly in the genus in the genus Formerly ²⁰ Polypedates in the genus ²¹ Formerly in the genus ²² Formerly ¹² Formerly in the genus Engystoma in the genus ¹² Formerly Ramanella in the genus ¹³ Formerly Cacopus in the genus ¹⁴ Formerly in the genus Formerly ¹⁷ ¹⁵ Formerly in the genus Hylaedactylus in the genus ¹⁵ Formerly in the genus ¹⁶ Formerly Callula in the genus ¹⁸ Formerly in the genus ¹⁹ Formerly ²⁹ Formerly in the genus in the genus ²⁹ Formerly ²⁷ Formerly in the genus in the genus Formerly ²⁷ in the genus ²⁸ Formerly ²⁶ Formerly in the genus Ixalus in the genus Formerly ²⁶ ²⁵ Formerly in the genus in the genus Formerly ²⁵ ²⁴ Formerly in the genus in the genus ²⁴ Formerly
8032 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 17 November 2015 | 7(13): 8023–8035 Amphibians of Kerala Das
© Sandeep Das © Sandeep Das
Image 1. Duttaphrynus beddomii Image 2. Pedostibes tuberculosus
© Sandeep Das © Sandeep Das
Image 3. Hoplobatrachus crassus Image 4. Micrixalus phyllophilus
© Sandeep Das © Sandeep Das
Image 5. Melanobatrachus indicus Image 6. Uperodon montanus
Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 17 November 2015 | 7(13): 8023–8035 8033 Amphibians of Kerala Das
© Sandeep Das © Sandeep Das
Image 7. Nasikabatrachus sahyadrensis Image 8. Nyctibatrachus minimus
© Sandeep Das © Sandeep Das
Image 9. Indosylvirana magna Image 10. Indirana diplosticta
© Sandeep Das © Sandeep Das
Image 11. Beddomixalus bijui Image 12. Raorchestes crustai
8034 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 17 November 2015 | 7(13): 8023–8035 Amphibians of Kerala Das
© Sandeep Das © Sandeep Das
Image 13. Raorchestes resplendens Image 14. Ichthyophis longicephalus
2015 available at http://mhadeiresearchcenter.org/resources Peloso, P.L.V., D.R. Frost, S.J. Richards, M.T. Rodrigues, S. Donnellan, (online only)(accessed: 27 March 2015). M. Matsui, C.J. Raxworthy, S.D. Biju, E.M. Lemmon, A.R. Lemmon Dinesh, K.P., S.P. Vijayakumar, B.H. Channakeshavamurthy, V.R. & W.C. Wheeler (2015). The impact of anchored phylogenomics Toreskar, N.U. Kulkarni & K. Shanker (2015). Systematic status and taxon sampling on phylogenetic inference in narrow-mouthed of Fejervarya (Amphibia, Anura, Dicroglossidae) from South and frogs (Anura, Microhylidae). Cladistics 0: 1–28; http://dx.doi. SE Asia with the description of a new species from the Western org/10.1111/cla.12118 Ghats of Peninsular India. Zootaxa 3999: 79–94; http://dx.doi. Pillai, R.S. & R. Pattabiraman (1981). A new species of Torrent Toad org/10.11646/zootaxa.3999.1.5 (genus Ansonia) from Silent Valley, S. India. Proceedings of Indian Dutta, S.K. (1997). Amphibians of India and Sri Lanka (checklist and Academy of Sciences (B)90: 203–208; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/ bibliography). Odyssey Publishing house, Bhubaneswar, India, BF03185995 342pp. Pillai, R.S. & R. Pattabiraman (1990). Amphibians from Sabarigiri Easa, P.S. (2003). Amphibians, Part 9: Biodiversity Documentation for forest, Western Ghats, Kerala, including a new species of Micrixalus. Kerala. KFRI handbook No. 17: 35. Recordings of Zoological Survey of India 86(2): 383–390. Ferguson, H.S. (1904). A list of Travancore Batrachians. Journal of the Richard, M. (2014). Life - a status report. Nature 516: 158–161; http:// Bombay Natural History Society 15: 499–509. dx.doi.org/10.1038/516158a Frost, D.R. (2015). Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Sivaprasad, P.S. (2013). Common Amphibians of Kerala. Kerala State Reference. Version 6.0 Electronic Database accessible at http:// Biodiversity Board, Thiruvananthapuram, 228pp. research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html.American Vijayakumar, S.P., K.P. Dinesh, M.V. Prabhu & K. Shanker (2014). Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. (accessed 27 March Lineage delimitation and description of nine new species of bush 2015) frogs (Anura: Raorchestes, Rhacophoridae) from the Western Gururaja, K.V., K.P. Dinesh, M. Palot, C. Radhakrishnan & T.V. Ghats Escarpment. Zootaxa 3893(4): 451–488; http://dx.doi. Ramachandra (2007). A new species of Philautus Gistel (Amphibia: org/10.11646/zootaxa.3893.4.1 Anura: Rhacophoridae) from southern Western Ghats, India. Zachariah, A., K.P. Dinesh, E. Kunhikrishnan, S. Das, D.V. Raju, C. Zootaxa 1621: 1–16. Radhakrishnan, M.J. Palot & S. Kalesh (2011a). Nine new species of Gururaja, K.V. (2012). Pictorial Guide to Frogs and Toads of Western frogs of the genus Raorchestes (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) Ghats. Gubbi Labs Publication. Page 154+xviiipp. from southern Western Ghats, India. Biosystematica 5: 25–48. Inger, R.F., H.B. Shaffer, M. Koshy & R. Bakde (1984). A report on a Zachariah, A., K.P. Dinesh, C. Radhakrishnan, E. Kunhikrishnan, M.J. collections of Amphibians and reptiles from the Ponmudi, Kerala, Palot & C.K. Vishnudas (2011b). A new species of Polypedates south India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 81: Tschudi (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from southern Western 406–427. Ghats, Kerala, India. Biosystematica 5(1): 49–53. Oliver, L.A., E. Prendini, F. Kraus & C.J. Raxworthy (2015). Systematics and biogeography of the Hylarana frog (Anura: Ranidae) radiation across tropical Australasia, Southeast Asia, and Africa. Molecular Threatened Taxa phlyogenetics and evolution 90: 176–192; http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.05.001
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