Neidonkorennot Demoiselle Damselflies

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Neidonkorennot Demoiselle Damselflies Sami Karjalainen • Matti Hämäläinen Neidonkorennot Solisevien vetten lentävät jalokivet Demoiselle Damselflies Winged Jewels of Silvery Streams Caloptera Publishing Esipuhe Preface Tämä kirja kertoo hyönteisistä kauneimmista, nei- This book is about those arguably most beautiful donkorennoista (Calopterygidae). Ei ole mahdol- of all insects – the Demoiselles (Calopterygidae). lista tehdä kirjaa, joka olisi yhtä elegantti ja ihastut- It would be impossible to create a book which was tava kuin neidonkorento on. Tavoitteenamme on itself as elegant and delightful as a demoiselle, but kuitenkin ilmentää neidonkorentojen erityislaatuis- we have tried to capture their extraordinary beauty ta kauneutta ja lumoavaa käyttäytymistä parhaam- and fascinating behaviour as best we can. me mukaan. The text provides an overview of the world fauna Kirja tarjoaa yleiskatsauksen maailman neidon- of Demoiselles, introducing the reader to every ge- korentolajistoon ja neidonkorentojen ekologiaan ja nus, and as far as possible, its natural history. A ma- käyttäytymiseen. Painopiste on niiden kiintoisassa jor theme is their reproductive behaviour, the most lisääntymiskäyttäytymisessä. Esittelemme tässä distinct and striking aspect of demoiselle biology, kirjassa kaikki Euroopan neidonkorentolajit ja maa- although this is only known in detail in a limited ilman neidonkorentosuvut. Lyhyen esittelyn saa- range of species. We also provide short introduc- vat lisäksi neidonkorentojen lähimmät sukulaiset, tions to the Demoiselles’ nearest relatives, The New muut ”Caloptera”-lajit. World Rubyspots and allies and the largely tropical Käyttäytymistä ja ekologiaa käsittelevät luvut Asian Jewels and Satinwings. (s. 12–109) on kirjoittanut Sami Karjalainen sk( ). The chapters dealing with behaviour and ecol- Matti Hämäläinen mh( ) on kirjoittanut muut si- ogy of the Demoiselles (pp. 12–109) were written vuilla 110–215 olevat luvut. Hän vastaa myös lajiluet- by Sami Karjalainen (sk) alone. Matti Hämäläinen telosta (s. 206–207). Tekstit on alun perin kirjoi- (mh) wrote the remaining chapters on pp. 110–215 tettu englanniksi. Suomenkieliset käännökset ovat and compiled the species list (pp. 206–207). In the useimmissa luvuissa samansisältöiset kuin englan- chapters on ecology and behaviour we have includ- ninkieliset, mutta lähdeviitenumerot mainitaan ai- ed references to published papers. In the generic noastaan englanninkielisessä tekstissä. and family accounts we give only a few key refer- Useimmat valokuvat ovat sk:n otoksia Suomesta ences, since the quantity of supporting literature is tai muualta. (Jollei valokuvien yhteydessä muuta too great to list in space available. mainita, ne ovat sk:n Suomessa kuvaamia.) Lisäk- Most of the photographs reproduced in this si mukana on täydentäviä otoksia mh:lta ja muilta book were taken by sk, either in Finland or at valokuvaajilta. Teimme neljä yhteistä matkaa ul- various locations around the world. (Except where komaille, Thaimaahan loka–marraskuussa 2010, stated otherwise all photographs were taken in Fin- Kiinaan kesäkuussa 2011, Laosiin ja Thaimaahan land by sk.) A few were provided by mh or other Immenkorentokoiras. Male Calopteryx splendens. 8 Lentäminen Flight Neidonkorentojen lentotapa on lepatteleva ja pouk- Demoiselles tend to beat their wings quite slowly koileva, perhosen lentoa muistuttava. Siivet lyövät and the flight style is generally a lively bouncing hitaammin kuin muilla sudenkorennoilla. Siipien dance-like motion. Wing beat frequency is low in leveys lisää perhosmaista vaikutelmaa, mutta pit- normal flight, and Demoiselles are reminiscent of kästä takaruumiistaan neidonkorento on helppo butterflies with their broad wings, although they erottaa perhosesta. could seldom be confused with butterflies, except Neidonkorentojen lentotaidot ovat erinomai- at a distance on account of their long abdomens. set muiden sudenkorentojen tapaan. Voimakkailla Demoiselles have excellent aerobatic skills, simi- lentolihaksillaan neidonkorennot kykenevät lii- lar to those found in other dragonflies. They have kuttamaan kutakin neljää siipeään erikseen, ja ne powerful flight muscles and are capable of using pystyvät sopeuttamaan lentotapansa eri tarkoituk- their four wings independently. They are masters siin. Kesken tavallista eteenpäin lentoa ne pystyvät in modifying their flight style for different activi- yhtäkkiä kiihdyttämään vauhtiaan. Lentosuunnan ties. For example, in rapid flight they can shoot for- vaihtaminen onnistuu yhdellä tai kahdella siiven wards suddenly 113 and changes of flight direction lyönnillä. Kosiessaan naarasta ja taistellessaan re- can be accomplished on a spot, by only one or two viiristä Neurobasis chinensis -koiras pitää vihreänä wing beats 114. Often the male ofNeurobasis chinen- kimaltelevat takasiipensä lähes paikallaan, mutta sis scarcely moves his heavy, brilliant green hind- etusiivet lyövät tiheästi. wings at all during courtship and territorial display, Tytönkorennoilla (jotka ovat neidonkorentoja all power being provided by the rapidly beating pienempiä sudenkorentoja) on kapeat siivet, ja ne forewings.e.g. 103 Kuvasarja neidonkorentokoiraan lennosta. Yksittäiset kuvat otettiin 1/₂₅ sekunnin välein, mikä ei riitä tallentamaan siipien liikkeen kaikkia vaiheita. Flight sequence of patrolling Calopteryx virgo male. The interval between pictures th Useita immenkorentokoiraita is 1/₂₅ of a second, which is not enough ja neidonkorentokoiras to show all wing phases. lennossa sopivan munintapaikan yläpuolella. Several males (Calopteryx splendens and C. virgo) in flight above aquatic plants suitable for oviposition. 36 37 Kosinta Courtship Neidonkorentokoiraat esittävät reviirilleen saapu- Male Demoiselles perform elaborate courtship ville naaraille hienostuneet kosiotanssinsa, joissa displays towards females arriving in their territory. on muusta käyttäytymisestä selvästi poikkeavia Courtship displays have features clearly distin- piirteitä. guishable from other behaviour. Kosiva koiras lentää kasvillisuuteen tai kivelle A courting male hovers close to a perched female laskeutuneen naaraan lähellä joko ilmassa paikal- while maintaining a stationary position or swing- laan pysyen tai hitaasti sivulta toiselle kaarimaisesti ing, fairly slowly from side to side, in an arc around liikkuen. Siivet lyövät nopeammin kuin tavallises- the female. The wing beat frequency during court- sa lennossa. Immenkorennon koiraan siivet lyövät ship is higher than in ordinary flight. InCalopteryx normaalisti 16 ja sen kosiessa naarasta 38 kertaa se- splendens the frequency has been measured at 38 Hz kunnissa. Calopteryx maculata -lajin kosiolento kes- (cycles per second) compared to 16 Hz in normal tää usein korkeintaan viisi tai kymmenen sekuntia, flight.113 In Calopteryx maculata hovering flight of- mutta voi venyä yli minuutin mittaiseksi, jos naaras ten lasts less than five to ten seconds but may extend vaihtaa paikkaa useita kertoja. Mnais costalis -lajista to more than a minute if the female continues mov- tiedetään, että ne koiraat, joiden keskiruumiin läm- ing to another perch.152 In Mnais costalis those males pötila on pitkäkestoisemman auringossa paistatte- with a higher thoracic temperature, resulting from lun jäljiltä korkeampi, pystyvät esittämään intensii- longer periods spent sunning themselves, exhibit visemmän kosinnan, mikä edistää mahdollisuuksia more intensive courtship displays and have a higher onnistua kosinnassa. probability of successful courtship.143 Eri lajien keskinäinen parittelu ei ole suden- In most dragonflies, the genitalia of closely re- korennoilla yleensä mahdollista, koska parittelueli- lated species are often so different that copulation is met ovat rakenteeltaan erilaiset. Neidonkorennot physically impossible. By contrast in many Demoi- ovat tässä suhteessa poikkeuksellisia: monien selles the genitalia are very similar and there is no neidonkorentolajien paritteluelimet ovat hyvin physical barrier to copulation between different samankaltaiset, eikä fyysistä estettä keskinäiselle species. Therefore, before mating is even attempt- parittelulle ole. Näin ollen on tärkeää, että naaraat ed, females recognise potential mates of the correct tunnistavat oman lajinsa koiraat niiden esittämäs- species by the courtship displays of the males. As tä kosiotanssista. Naaraat ovat erityisen valikoivia females especially can be very discriminating when koiraan kosiotanssia arvioidessaan ja osoittavat assessing a male’s behaviour, and quickly signal re- Kuparineidonkorennon koiras kosii nopeasti haluttomuutensa tai lähtevät pois, mikäli jection or fly off if the male is of the wrong species, naarasta lentämällä sen lähellä. Siivet lyövät nopeammin kuin tavallisessa koiras on väärää lajia. Tästä syystä koiraat onnistu- there is effective reproductive isolation between lennossa. Ranska. vat parittelemaan yleensä vain oman lajinsa naarai- species. Male Calopteryx haemorrhoidalis den kanssa. To give some examples, there are often clear dif- hovering close to a perched female. The Eri lajien koiraiden kosiotansseissa on suur- ferences in the hovering flight of different species. wing beat frequency is higher than in nopeuskameralla kuvaamalla todettu selviä eroja. European Calopteryx Demoiselles show the follow- ordinary flight. France. 80 81 Idän jättiläiset Giants of the east Euroopan neidonkorentojen siipien kärkiväli on Many demoiselle species occurring in Eastern 6–7 cm ja ruumiin kokonaispituus alle 5 cm. Itä- Asia are substantially larger than the common Eu- Aasiassa esiintyy useita
Recommended publications
  • Predictive Modelling of Spatial Biodiversity Data to Support Ecological Network Mapping: a Case Study in the Fens
    Predictive modelling of spatial biodiversity data to support ecological network mapping: a case study in the Fens Christopher J Panter, Paul M Dolman, Hannah L Mossman Final Report: July 2013 Supported and steered by the Fens for the Future partnership and the Environment Agency www.fensforthefuture.org.uk Published by: School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK Suggested citation: Panter C.J., Dolman P.M., Mossman, H.L (2013) Predictive modelling of spatial biodiversity data to support ecological network mapping: a case study in the Fens. University of East Anglia, Norwich. ISBN: 978-0-9567812-3-9 © Copyright rests with the authors. Acknowledgements This project was supported and steered by the Fens for the Future partnership. Funding was provided by the Environment Agency (Dominic Coath). We thank all of the species recorders and natural historians, without whom this work would not be possible. Cover picture: Extract of a map showing the predicted distribution of biodiversity. Contents Executive summary .................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 5 Methodology .......................................................................................................................... 6 Biological data ...................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Identification Guide to the Australian Odonata Australian the to Guide Identification
    Identification Guide to theAustralian Odonata www.environment.nsw.gov.au Identification Guide to the Australian Odonata Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water NSW Identification Guide to the Australian Odonata Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water NSW National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication data Theischinger, G. (Gunther), 1940– Identification Guide to the Australian Odonata 1. Odonata – Australia. 2. Odonata – Australia – Identification. I. Endersby I. (Ian), 1941- . II. Department of Environment and Climate Change NSW © 2009 Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water NSW Front cover: Petalura gigantea, male (photo R. Tuft) Prepared by: Gunther Theischinger, Waters and Catchments Science, Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water NSW and Ian Endersby, 56 Looker Road, Montmorency, Victoria 3094 Published by: Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water NSW 59–61 Goulburn Street Sydney PO Box A290 Sydney South 1232 Phone: (02) 9995 5000 (switchboard) Phone: 131555 (information & publication requests) Fax: (02) 9995 5999 Email: [email protected] Website: www.environment.nsw.gov.au The Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water NSW is pleased to allow this material to be reproduced in whole or in part, provided the meaning is unchanged and its source, publisher and authorship are acknowledged. ISBN 978 1 74232 475 3 DECCW 2009/730 December 2009 Printed using environmentally sustainable paper. Contents About this guide iv 1 Introduction 1 2 Systematics
    [Show full text]
  • Ohio Damselfly Species Checklist
    Ohio Damselfly Species Checklist Ohio has ~51 species of damselflies (Zygoptera). This is a statewide species checklist to encourage observations of damselflies for the Ohio Dragonfly Survey. Please submit photo observations to iNaturalist.org. More information can be found on our survey website at u.osu.edu/ohioodonatasurvey/ Broad Winged Damselflies (Calopterygidae) 1 Appalachian Jewelwing Calopteryx angustipennis 2 River Jewelwing Calopteryx aequabilis State Endangered 3 Ebony Jewelwing Calopteryx maculata 4 American Rubyspot Hetaerina americana 5 Smoky Rubyspot Hetaerina titia Pond Damselflies (Coenagrionidae) 6 Eastern Red Damsel Amphiagrion saucium 7 Blue-fronted Dancer Argia apicalis 8 Seepage Dancer Argia bipunctulata State Endangered 9 Powdered Dancer Argia moesta 10 Blue-ringed Dancer Argia sedula 11 Blue-tipped Dancer Argia tibialis 12 Dusky Dancer Argia translata 13 Violet Dancer Argia fumipennis violacea 14 Aurora Damsel Chromagrion conditum 15 Taiga Bluet Coenagrion resolutum 16 Turquoise Bluet Enallagma divagans 17 Hagen's Bluet Enallagma hageni 18 Boreal Bluet Enallagma boreale State Threatened 19 Northern Bluet Enallagma annexum State Threatened 20 Skimming Bluet Enallagma geminatum 21 Orange Bluet Enallagma signatum 22 Vesper Bluet Enallagma vesperum 23 Marsh Bluet Enallagma ebrium State Threatened 24 Stream Bluet Enallagma exsulans 25 Rainbow Bluet Enallagma antennatum 26 Tule Bluet Enallagma carunculatum 27 Atlantic Bluet Enallagma doubledayi 1 28 Familiar Bluet Enallagma civile 29 Double-striped Bluet Enallagma basidens
    [Show full text]
  • From the Ebony Jewelwing Damsel
    Comp. Parasitol. 71(2), 2004, pp. 141–153 Calyxocephalus karyopera g. nov., sp. nov. (Eugregarinorida: Actinocephalidae: Actinocephalinae) from the Ebony Jewelwing Damselfly Calopteryx maculata (Zygoptera: Calopterygidae) in Southeast Nebraska, U.S.A.: Implications for Mechanical Prey–Vector Stabilization of Exogenous Gregarine Development RICHARD E. CLOPTON Department of Natural Science, Peru State College, Peru, Nebraska 68421, U.S.A. (e-mail: [email protected]) ABSTRACT: Calyxocephalus karyopera g. nov., sp. nov. (Apicomplexa: Eugregarinorida: Actinocephalidae: Actino- cephalinae) is described from the Ebony Jewelwing Damselfly Calopteryx maculata (Odonata: Zygoptera: Calopteryigidae) collected along Turkey Creek in Johnson County, Nebraska, U.S.A. Calyxocephalus gen. n. is distinguished by the form of the epimerite complex: a terminal thick disk or linearly crateriform sucker with a distal apopetalus calyx of petaloid lobes and a short intercalating diamerite (less than half of the total holdfast length). The epimerite complex is conspicuous until association and syzygy. Association occurs immediately before syzygy and is cephalolateral and biassociative. Gametocysts are spherical with a conspicuous hyaline coat. Lacking conspicuous sporoducts they dehisce by simple rupture. Oocysts are axially symmetric, hexagonal dipyramidic in shape with slight polar truncations, bearing 6 equatorial spines, 1 at each equatorial vertex and 6 terminal spines obliquely inserted at each pole, 1 at each vertex created by polar truncation. The ecology of the C. karyopera–C. maculata host–parasite system provides a mechanism for mechanical prey–vector stabilization of exogenous gregarine development and isolation. KEY WORDS: Odonata, Zygoptera, Calopteryx maculata, damselfly, Apicomplexa, Eugregarinida, Actinocephalidae, Actinocephalinae, Calyxocephalus karyopera, new genus, new species, parasite evolution, biodiversity, species isolation, vector, transmission.
    [Show full text]
  • The Classification and Diversity of Dragonflies and Damselflies (Odonata)*
    Zootaxa 3703 (1): 036–045 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Correspondence ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3703.1.9 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9F5D2E03-6ABE-4425-9713-99888C0C8690 The classification and diversity of dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata)* KLAAS-DOUWE B. DIJKSTRA1, GÜNTER BECHLY2, SETH M. BYBEE3, RORY A. DOW1, HENRI J. DUMONT4, GÜNTHER FLECK5, ROSSER W. GARRISON6, MATTI HÄMÄLÄINEN1, VINCENT J. KALKMAN1, HARUKI KARUBE7, MICHAEL L. MAY8, ALBERT G. ORR9, DENNIS R. PAULSON10, ANDREW C. REHN11, GÜNTHER THEISCHINGER12, JOHN W.H. TRUEMAN13, JAN VAN TOL1, NATALIA VON ELLENRIEDER6 & JESSICA WARE14 1Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, PO Box 9517, NL-2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] 2Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] 3Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, 401 WIDB, Provo, UT. 84602 USA. E-mail: [email protected] 4Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. E-mail: [email protected] 5France. E-mail: [email protected] 6Plant Pest Diagnostics Branch, California Department of Food & Agriculture, 3294 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, CA 95832- 1448, USA. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] 7Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History, 499 Iryuda, Odawara, Kanagawa, 250-0031 Japan. E-mail: [email protected] 8Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, Blake Hall, 93 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA.
    [Show full text]
  • Dragonfly (Pg. 3-4) Head Eye Color
    QUICK GUIDE TO DAMSELFLY & DRAGONFLY FAMILIES Most useful features for identification: Damselfly (pg. 2) Dragonfly (pg. 3-4) Head eye color; spots/bars eye color & shape; color & markings on face (T-spot, line) Thorax shape & color of stripes on top & sides presence, shape, and color of stripes on top & sides Abdomen color; markings on top, esp. S2 and S8-S10 color; markings on top, esp. S2 and S8-S10; presence of “club” at the end Wings color & shape of stigma; orientation when perched color of wing bases, veins, and stigma; color & shape of wing spots, bands, or patches Legs color color Forewings & hindwings similar in size & shape, held Hindwings broader than forewings; wings held out together over abdomen or no more than partly spread horizontally when perched; eyes meet at front of head when perched; eyes widely separated (i.e., by the or slightly separated (i.e., by less than the width of the width of the head) head) 1 Damselfly Dragonfly Vivid Dancer (Argia vivida); CAS Mazzacano Cardinal Meadowhawk (Sympetrum illotum); CAS Mazzacano DAMSELFLIES Wings narrow, stalked at base 2 Wings broad, colored, not stalked at base 3 Wings held askew Wings held together Broad-winged Damselfly when perched when perched (Calopterygidae); streams Spreadwing Pond Damsels (Coenagrionidae); (Lestidae); ponds ponds, streams Dancer (Argia); Wings held above abdomen; vivid colors streams 4 Wings held along Bluet (Enallagma); River Jewelwing (Calopteryx aequabilis); abdomen; mostly blue ponds CAS Mazzacano Dark abdomen with blue Forktail (Ischnura); tip;
    [Show full text]
  • Calopteryx Splendens, C. Virgo) During Social Interaction: a Signal Or a Symptom?
    Russian Entomol. J. 25(1): 103–120 © RUSSIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL JOURNAL, 2016 Behaviour of two demoiselle species (Calopteryx splendens, C. virgo) during social interaction: a signal or a symptom? Ïîâåäåíèå äâóõ âèäîâ ðàâíîêðûëûõ ñòðåêîç êðàñîòêè áëåñòÿùåé Calopteryx splendens Harris, 1780 è êðàñîòêè-äåâóøêè C. virgo Linnaeus, 1758 (Odonata, Calopterygidae) E.N. Panov1*, A.S. Opaev1, E.Yu. Pavlova1, V.A. Nepomnyashchikh2 Å.Í. Ïàíîâ1*, À.Ñ. Îïàåâ1, Å.Þ. Ïàâëîâà1, Â.À. Íåïîìíÿùèõ2 1 A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp., 33, Moscow, 119071 Russia. 1 Институт проблем экологии и эволюции им. А.Н. Северцова РАН, Ленинский просп., 33, Москва 119071 Россия. 2 Institute of Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, 152742 Russia. 2 Институт биологии внутренних вод РАН, п. Борок, Ярославская область, 152742 Россия. * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] KEY WORDS: damselfly, agonistic behaviour, evolution of courtship behaviour, sexual selection. КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: стрекоза, агонистическое поведение, эволюция поведения ухаживания, половой отбор. ABSTRACT. Based on the analysis of video record- ного характера. Подвержены серьезной критике ings, obtained during five field seasons, we suggest a трактовки функциональных объяснений поведения pattern of analytical description of damselfly (Zygoptera: стрекоз, господствующие в современной литерату- Calopterygidae) behaviour in a broad spectrum of so- ре по этим насекомым и основанные на откровен- cial contexts. The arrays of motor coordinations and ном антропоморфизме. Этому подходу противопо- their place in social interactions are studied compara- ставлен совершенно иной, призывающий к возвра- tively and in the temporal dynamic. The first description ту к оставленным в последние десятилетия методам of the full set of behaviours of Banded Demoiselles и принципам, разработанным ранее в рамках поле- Calopteryx splendens is given; the respective data for вой и аналитической этологии.
    [Show full text]
  • An Assessment of Marking Techniques for Odonates in the Family Calopterygidae
    UCLA UCLA Previously Published Works Title An assessment of marking techniques for odonates in the family Calopterygidae Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1m5071bs Journal Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 141(3) ISSN 00138703 Authors Anderson, Christopher N Cordoba-Aguilar, Alex Drury, Jonathan P et al. Publication Date 2011-12-01 DOI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2011.01185.x Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California DOI: 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2011.01185.x TECHNICAL NOTE An assessment of marking techniques for odonates in the family Calopterygidae Christopher N. Anderson1*, Alex Cordoba-Aguilar1,JonathanP.Drury2 & Gregory F.Grether2 1Departamento de Ecologı´a Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecologı´a, Universidad Nacional Auto´noma de Me´xico, Circuito Exterior s ⁄ n, Apdo. Postal 70-275, Me´xico, D.F. 04510, Mexico, and 2Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA Accepted: 13 September 2011 Key words: Odonata, paint and ink marking, mark-capture, Calopteryx haemorrhoidalis, Hetaerina titia,damselfly tion. These manipulations significantly influenced mating Introduction success (Grether, 1996a,b), foraging success (Grether & Marking effects (e.g., changes to behavior, survival, or Grey, 1996), survival (Grether, 1997), and territorial reproduction after manipulation) are likely to be com- aggression against conspecifics and, in some instances, mon, as researchers have found effects in a variety of taxa, against heterospecifics (Anderson & Grether, 2010, 2011). including mammals (Moorhouse & Macdonald, 2005), Therefore, using wing marking to identify individuals may birds (Burley et al., 1982; Hunt et al., 1997; Gauthier-Clerc be problematic for investigations of reproductive, territo- et al., 2004), and amphibians (McCarthy & Parris, 2004).
    [Show full text]
  • Dragonflies & Damselflies
    dragonflies & damselflies understanding an insect order by three essential facts Klaas-Douwe ‘KD’ B. Dijkstra Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis enveloping eyes Anisoptera dragonflies different hindwing Zygoptera 2740 sp. Zygoptera opposed eyes damselflies fact one similar 5680 species in 2 suborders hindwing 20,000 Orthoptera; 160,000 Lepidoptera; 100,000s of Coleoptera & Hymenoptera evolution of Palaeoptera wingspan 15-70 cm Namurotypus sippeli Meganisoptera Protodonata small antennae node Ephemeroptera Aeshna cyanea unsegmented gripping cerci Calopterygidae Amphipterygidae advancement Lestidae Megapodagrionidae Coenagrionidae Bybee et al. (2008) 12S, 16S, COII (mitochondrion) 18S, 28S (nucleus) morphology branch thickness reflects species richness families Coenagrionidae Mecistogaster Anonisma Megaloprepus Libellulidae Coenagrionidae Coenagrionidae Erythromma near Lib. near Coen. Aeshnidae Gomphidae Odonata Platycnemididae Zygoptera Platycnemis dominated by Coenagrionoidea Calopterygidae Sapho Synlestidae Platycnemididae Chlorolestes Chlorocnemis Euphaeidae Euphaea Megapodagrionidae Philosina Bybee et al. (2008) Ware et al. (2007) Aeshnidae Macromiidae Corduliidae branch thickness reflects species richness families Libellulidae Libellulidae Coenagrionidae near Lib. near Coen. Libellulidae Aeshnidae Libellula Gomphidae Odonata Anisoptera Corduliidae Somatochlora dominated by Libelluloidea Libellulidae Coenagrionidae near Lib. near Coen. Gomphidae Aeshnidae Ophiogomphus Gomphidae Odonata Anisoptera Aeshnidae Aeshna “Aeshnoidea”
    [Show full text]
  • Little Bluet
    Species Status Assessment Class: Insecta Family: Coenagrionidae Scientific Name: Enallagma minusculum Common Name: Little bluet Species synopsis: The distribution of the little bluet (Enallagma minusculum) encompasses North Carolina, the northeastern United States, and southeastern Canada (Nikula et al. 2003). More specifically, the species is found in North Carolina, New York, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Maine, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island (NatureServe 2012, Abbott 2007). In New York, E. minusculum is now known to occur at three locations, two in Suffolk County and one in Queens County (New York Natural Heritage Program 2010). The species is known to inhabit ponds and lakes with sandy substrate, mainly coastal plain ponds with emergent vegetation along the shoreline (Carpenter 1991, Lam 2004). I. Status a. Current Legal Protected Status i. Federal ____Not Listed__ _________ Candidate: __No____ ii. New York ____Threatened; SGCN _ _______ b. Natural Heritage Program Rank i. Global ____G4__ _____ ii. New York ____S1__ ______ Tracked by NYNHP? __Yes___ Other Rank: IUCN Red List— Least Concern Status Discussion: White et al. (2010) suggests that the status remain S1 (5 or fewer occurrences, or few remaining acres or miles of stream, or factors demonstrably making it especially vulnerable to extinction rangewide or in New York State). 1 II. Abundance and Distribution Trends a. North America i. Abundance _____ declining _____increasing __ ___stable __X___ unknown ii. Distribution: _____ declining _____increasing __ ___stable __X___ unknown Time frame considered: _____Last assessment US 2006, Canada 2012__ ____ b. Regional i. Abundance _____ declining _____increasing __ ___stable ___X__ unknown ii. Distribution: _____ declining _____increasing __ X__ stable _____ unknown Regional Unit Considered:_____________Northeast________________________________ Time Frame Considered: ____Last assessment 2006____________________ c.
    [Show full text]
  • Deciphering the Förster Dragonfly Collection Hadley Samarco, Erika Tucker P.H.D
    Collection Detective: Deciphering the Förster Dragonfly Collection Hadley Samarco, Erika Tucker P.h.D. Fig. 1 Fig.2 Abstract Discussion Friedrich Förster was a german zoologist who traveled the globe In total, 180 specimens were identified from all around the around the turn of the twentieth century collecting hundreds of globe, spanning six different continents and 27 countries. dragonfly and damselfly specimens. After his death, his collection They belonged to six different species: Coenagrionidae, was donated to the University of Michigan for safe keeping, but Platycnemididae, Protoneuridae, Megapodagrionidae, has remained largely unexplored. In an effort to make the Euphaeidae, and Calopterygidae. Of all the dragonflies and collection and associated data accessible, we are digitizing the damselflies imaged, a bit less than half of them had available Forster collection, and using the data to map where he traveled. locations to be plotted on the map. Some of these locations To do this, we are systematically imaging the specimens alongside were vague, for example just identifying the country of their original labels and adding a scannable unique identification origin with no other details. The dragonflies and damselflies code to identify them within the university’s collection. These identified do not represent the entire Förster collection; for a images are then uploaded to a drive where the labels are complete exploration of the collection all specimens would transcribed and entered into an organized spreadsheet. The Results need to be analyzed in a similar manner. specimens are then returned to their collection case with their new Specimens with a known location were put on the map pictured in identification number.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Wing Shape in Ornamented-Winged Damselflies
    Evol Biol (2013) 40:300–309 DOI 10.1007/s11692-012-9214-3 RESEARCH ARTICLE The Evolution of Wing Shape in Ornamented-Winged Damselflies (Calopterygidae, Odonata) David Outomuro • Dean C. Adams • Frank Johansson Received: 27 September 2012 / Accepted: 28 November 2012 / Published online: 13 December 2012 Ó Springer Science+Business Media New York 2012 Abstract Flight has conferred an extraordinary advan- sexual displays might be an important driver of speciation tage to some groups of animals. Wing shape is directly due to important pre-copulatory selective pressures. related to flight performance and evolves in response to multiple selective pressures. In some species, wings have Keywords Geometric morphometrics Á Phylogeny Á ornaments such as pigmented patches that are sexually Sexual signaling Á Wing pigmentation selected. Since organisms with pigmented wings need to display the ornament while flying in an optimal way, we might expect a correlative evolution between the wing Introduction ornament and wing shape. We examined males from 36 taxa of calopterygid damselflies that differ in wing pig- Flight is a key adaptation in animals and wing shape is an mentation, which is used in sexual displays. We used essential part of flight performance. The evolution of wing geometric morphometrics and phylogenetic comparative shape, while constrained by aerodynamic limitations, is approaches to analyse whether wing shape and wing pig- also influenced by selection operating on other aspects of mentation show correlated evolution. We found that wing organismal performance, including migration, dispersal, pigmentation is associated with certain wing shapes that foraging, predator avoidance, specific-gender strategies as probably increase the quality of the signal: wings being well as sexual selection (e.g.
    [Show full text]