First Record of Two Species of the Genus Junonia (Nymphalidae: Lepidoptera) from Sanghar, Sindh

Pure Appl. Biol., 4(4): 522-527, December- 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2015.44010 Research Article First record of two species of the genus Junonia (Nymphalidae: Lepidoptera) from Sanghar, Sindh Bhojoo Mal*, Nasreen Memon, Shakeel Ahmed Memon, Mansoor Ali Shah and Nadir Ali Shah Department of Zoology University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan *Corresponding author’s email: [email protected] Citation Bhojoo Mal* Nasreen Memon, Shakeel Ahmed Memon, Mansoor Ali Shah and Nadir Ali Shah. First record of two species of the genus Junonia (Nymphalidae: Lepidoptera) from Sanghar, Sindh. Pure and Applied Biology. Vol. 4, Issue 4, 2015, pp 522-527. http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2015.44010 Received: 05/08/2015 Revised: 05/11/2015 Accepted: 14/11/2015 Abstract The genus Junonia belonging to family Nymphalidae. The butterflies of the Nymphalidae commonly called brush-footed butterflies, because the fore legs are reduced in both sexes. They are very beautiful and attractive due to their multicolored wings. The specimens of Junonia were collected from the different localities of Sanghar, Sindh. Two species of the genus Junonia namely Junonia lemonias Linnaeus and Junonia orithya Linnaeus were identified. These species are described here on the basis of morphological characters body color and internal male and female genitalia. These species are the first time record from Sanghar, Sindh. Key words: Junonia lemonias L.; Junonia orithya L.; First record; Sanghar; Sindh. Introduction cross pollination [2]. In the world about The genus Junonia belonging to the family thirty-three species of Junonia are reported, Nymphalidae. The butterflies of the genus out these six species have been recorded Junonia are medium sized butterflies, from Pakistan [3]. Presently, two species of commonly called Pansies. This group is the genus Junonia namely Junonia lemonias widely distributed and known as “Brush- Linnaeus, 1758 and Junonia orithya footed Butterflies” because fore legs of the Linnaeus, 1758 were identified from the males and females are reduced and covered Sanghar, Sindh, Pakistan. with hair, these legs they do not use for walk Materials and Methods but use as sensory organ, only middle and The specimens of genus Junonia were hind legs are well developed, used for collected during January 2015 to May 2015 walking [1]. The inner margin of the hind from crops, fruits, vegetables and gardens of wings has concave channels, which covered different localities of Sanghar, Sindh. The the abdomen when they sit. The species of collected specimens were brought to genus Junonia have bright colour with eye Entomology laboratory, department of shaped ocelli, which they use in defense. Zoology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro. The species of this genus are fly for a long The butterflies were killed by putting into distance and carry pollens which help in the the Refrigerator for the overnight. The Published by Bolan Society for Pure and Applied Biology 522 Mal et al. specimens were stretched on the stretching Large than hind wing, costa largely arched, board and kept for 24 hours. After that, these apex angular, termen concave at middle, specimens were preserved in the insect tornus rounded, dorsum straight, discoidal wooden boxes; naphthalene balls were put in cell opened; veins, Sc originated from the box to protect them from the predator axillary region reach to the length of discal and fungus. The identification was done cell, R1 arised from the base of the wing, under dissected binocular microscope with forked into R2 and further into R3, R4 and the key given by Hampson [4] and wing R5, R2 anastomosing with R3 and ending venation of Miller [5]. For the dissection of before the apex of wing, R3 ending at the the male and female genitalia, the abdomen apex, R4 and R5 ending at the termen, M1 of the species of Junonia separated from the originated from the upper angle of the discal rest of body, boiled into 10% of potassium cell, M2 originated from the below of the hydroxide (KOH). Then the abdomen upper angle, M3 anastomosing with Cu1 dissected from the lateral side under the originated from the lower angle of the discal binocular microscope, the genitalia of the cell, Cu2 parallel with Cu1, A2 arised from male and female removed from the abdomen the axillary region, separately from the distal with the help of fine forceps, washed with cell up to the tornus of the wing. the tap water and preserved into the glycerin Hind wings (Figure D1) and attached with the specimen [6, 7]. Leaf shaped, costa arched at base, apex sub Genital terminology was used as suggested round, termen sinuated, tornus pointed, by Klots [8] and Winter [9]. dorsum curved, discoidal cell opened; veins, Results Sc+ R1 arised from the axillary region, short Junonia lemonias L., 1758 and separated from R1, humeral (h) curved (Lemon pansy) (Figure A1 and B1) toward the proximal region of the costal Coloration margin began from Sc+R1 and Rs, Rs Head, eyes and antennae dark brown, ending at the termen,M1 originated from maxillary palpi pale dull ochraceous, upper angle of the discal cell, M2 originated proboscis black; thorax dark brown, fore from lower side of the upper angle of the wings dark brown with lemon yellow eye discal cell, M3 anastomosing with spots and lines, ocelli shaded with red and Cu1originated from lower angle of the cell, black, hind wings dark brown, terminal Cu1 and Cu2 began separately from the margin with light yellowish bands, ocelli discal cell for an unequal distance reaching shaded with red and black; abdomen dark at the termen, A2 and A3 originate from the brown. axillary of the wing began separately then Structure meet again at the middle of the dorsum. Head Male genitalia (Figure E1 and F1) Head round, frons broad, convex, eyes large, Symmetrical, uncus sclerotised, sickle antennae half of the length of the wings, shaped in lateral view, dorsally tapered apical part spoon shaped, maxillary palpi towards apex, tegumen broad anteriorly, porect anteriorly, second segment large, narrow posteriorly, vinculum short, saccus proboscis large, highly coiled. V-shaped, lateral margin without saccular Thorax process, juxta angular, valvae, anteriorly Thorax broad densely covered with hair, broad, posteriorly narrow with hair, legs covered with white scales and spines. aedeagus sclerotised (Figure G1), dorsally Fore wings (Figure C1) straight, ventrally curved. 523 Pure Appl. Biol., 4(4): 522-527, December- 2015 Figure 1. Junonia lemonias L. A. Male; B. Female; C. Fore wing; D. Hind wing; E. Male genitalia (Lateral side); F. Male genitalia (dorsal side); G, Aedeagus. 524 Mal et al. Junonia orithya L., 1758 cell, Cu2 starts from the discal cell, parallel (Blue pansy) (Figure A2 and B2) to Cu2, ending at the terminal margin of the Coloration wing and Cu2 began separately from discal Head reddish-brown, eyes and antennae cell for an unequal distance, A2 arised from brown, palpi dull white, proboscis light the axillary region, separately from the distal brown; thorax, dorsally black, ventrally dull cell up to the tornus of the wing. white, legs dull white, fore wings, ground Hind wings (Figure E2) colour velvety black, apical half of the wing Leaf shaped, costa sinuated, apex sub- dull fuliginous, two short orange bars in rounded, termen sinuated, tornus angular, discal area, one black eye spot ringed with dorsum sinuated, discoidal cell opened, Sc+ orange yellow in interspace 3, sub-terminal R1 arised from the axillary region, ending line spots in interspaces, Hind wings, ground middle of the costal margin, humeral (h) colour black with blue shaded scales, a curved toward the proximal region of the white centered orange spot ringed with black costal margin began from Sc+R1, Rs end in postdiscal interspace 2, around small separates from Sc+R1, ending at the apex of white centered velvety black spot in the wing, M1 and M2 began from upper interspace 5, terminal narrowly white; angle of the discal cell, M3 starts from lower abdomen, dorsally black, ventrally dull angle of the discal cell, Cu1 began from the white. lower angle of the discal cell, Cu2 starts Structure from the discal cell, parallel to Cu1, two Head veins A2 and A3 arise from the axillary of Head round, frons broad, convex, eyes large the wing respectively, A2 ending at the (Figure C2), antennae half of the length of tornus of wing, A3 ending at dorsal margin. the wings, apical part spoon shaped, palpi Male genitalia (Figure F2 and G2) porect anteriorly, first and third segments Symmetrical, uncus sclerotised, curved short, proboscis large, highly coiled. downward in lateral view, ventrally pointed Fore wings (Figure D2) toward apex, tegumen sclerotised, laterally Triangular, slightly longer than hind wing, broad, gradually narrowed posteriorly, costa widely arched; apex sub-round, ventrally broad, appendices reduced, termen slightly sinuated, tornus angular, vinculum larger than the tegumen, laterally dorsum slightly sinuated, discoidal cell curved inward, fultura inferior reduced, opened; veins, Sc (Subcosta) arised from the saccus sclerotised, rod-like, U-shaped in axillary of the wing, ending at the middle of dorsal view, valva elongated, costa margin the costal margin, R (Radial) arised next and curved inward laterally without hair, apex parallel to Sc, at distally forks into R1 and sub-rounded with sinuated process in lateral Rs, later being divided into R2, R3, R4 and view, ventral margin convex without hair, R5, R2 ending before the apex of the wing, aedeagus sclerotised (Figure H2), ventrally R4 and R5 largely stalked, forks from R3, curved, apex pointed, conjunctival anastomosing with M1and starts from the membrane present. upper angle of the discal cell, , R3 and R4 Female genitalia (Figure I2) ending at the apex of the wing, R5 ending on Papillae anales somewhat round, covered the terminal margin, M1 began from upper with hair, apophysis posterior long, rod-like, angle of discal cell, M2 began from lower apophysis anterior long, thorn-like, ductus side of upper angle of the discal cell, M3 bursae short, tube-like, corpus bursae began from lower angle of the discal cell, balloon like without cornuti.

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