Group

HERITAGE

NATURAL

The official launch ceremony was on 30th November 2002 November 30th on was ceremony launch official The

SCOTTISH Borders RIGS Borders

Funding by Scottish Natural Heritage. Natural Scottish by Funding

Scottish Parliament. Scottish Kenny Munro, Raymond Lintern Coordinator: Dr Elspeth Urquhart Elspeth Dr Coordinator: Lintern Raymond Munro, Kenny Lothian and Lothian

Designed by: Derek Munn Photographs from British Geological Survey collection, Survey Geological British from Photographs Munn Derek by: Designed site is in Regent Road Park, Edinburgh overlooking the new the overlooking Edinburgh Park, Road Regent in is site

Produced by Lothian and Borders RIGS © 2006 © RIGS Borders and Lothian by Produced

stone to represent their area in a central sculpture. The chosen The sculpture. central a in area their represent to stone

and was generously gifted by the City of Edinburgh Council. Edinburgh of City the by gifted generously was and

regions of Scotland, involving local communities in finding a finding in communities local involving Scotland, of regions

is part of a World Heritage Site Heritage World a of part is Scotland of Stones for Site Regent Road, Edinburgh Road, Regent A new creative journey was planned visiting each of the 32 the of each visiting planned was journey creative new A

Scottish Arts Council to realise the installation on site. on installation the realise to Council Arts Scottish

Regionally Important Geological Site Geological Important Regionally

for Hibernia' for Wyllie received a Creative Scotland Award in 2000 from the from 2000 in Award Scotland Creative a received Wyllie

visited the 32 Counties and collected work to create the 'Spires the create to work collected and Counties 32 the visited feasibility study for the Stones of Scotland project. George project. Scotland of Stones the for study feasibility

undertaken by George Wyllie and Kenny Munro when they when Munro Kenny and Wyllie George by undertaken Arts Council which enabled the three artists to undertake a undertake to artists three the enabled which Council Arts

This project grew out of a previous journey in Ireland in journey previous a of out grew project This In 1998 Kenny Munro received an award from the Scottish the from award an received Munro Kenny 1998 In

their kind permission to use the poem by Hugh MacDiarmid. Hugh by poem the use to permission kind their

with Stuart Rogers of the Paul Hogarth Company Hogarth Paul the of Rogers Stuart with

the Stones of Scotland of Stones project. Thanks to Carcanet Press for Press Carcanet to Thanks project.

By George Wyllie MBE., Kenny Munro, Lesley-May Miller Lesley-May Munro, Kenny MBE., Wyllie George By

numerous to name here for their help and encouragement with encouragement and help their for here name to numerous

The artists would like to thank persons and organisations too organisations and persons thank to like would artists The

From east end of London Road about 300 m. 300 about Road London of end east From

By foot: From east end of Princes Street about 800 m. 800 about Street Princes of end east From foot: By

By car: Parking opposite site in metered bays. metered in site opposite Parking car: By

By coach: Coach parking in metered bays alongside entrance. alongside bays metered in parking Coach coach: By

Road.

By bus: bus: By Numerous bus services to Princes Street and London and Street Princes to services bus Numerous

Scottish P Scottish arliament.

south side of Regent Road facing to Arthur's Seat and the and Seat Arthur's to facing Road Regent of side south

are in Regent Road Park on the on Park Road Regent in are Scotland of Stones The

Arthur’s Seat Arthur’s

(Royal Mile) (Royal

Parliament

High Street High

Scottish Scottish

P alace

diversity Bridge South

The Castle The Holyrood Holyrood

Station

Waverley Waverley

Geological

Stones of Scotland of Stones

North Bridge North Princes Street Princes

Regent Road Regent

Calton Hill Calton

Leith W Leith in time in

London Road London

N alk

Footsteps Footsteps Edinburgh

Stones of Scotland of Stones Stones of Scotland of Stones start of a new millennium new a of start

A sculpture to celebrate the creative spirit in Scotland at the at Scotland in spirit creative the celebrate to sculpture A

How to find the the find to How The Stones of Scotland of Stones The

The current living spirit of encouragement within the “...this work is a reminder to a new 'Stones of Scotland' requires recognition as a platform for debate. Within the rich rough edged diversity of these era of Scottish politics that the centre stones lies a catalyst to encourage every person to look around, sense their potential; in this new political must involve and be legitimised by all landscape, urban and rural. People have a new capacity that surrounds it.” George Wyllie MBE and responsibility as a force to evoke constructive change. Kenny Munro SCOTLAND It requires great love of it deeply to read The configuration of a land, Gradually grow conscious of fine shadings, Of great meanings in slight symbols, Hear at last the great voice that speaks softly, See the swell and fall upon the flank Of a statue carved out in a whole country's marble, Be like Spring, like a hand in a window Moving New and Old things carefully to and fro, "I think of the Stones of Scotland as a Moving a fraction of flower here, symbolic gathering and outlook place. The stones may Placing an inch of air there, represent the 32 points of the compass. A place to inspire And without breaking anything. people to meet for discussion from all over the country and So I have gathered unto myself from all over the world. A less formal meeting point than All the loose ends of Scotland, And by naming them and accepting them the Parliament building, looking beyond Scotland in the Loving them and identifying myself with them, hope of a more peaceful future. The search for the 32 INCANTATION Attempt to express the whole. stones became a series of creative journeys and a series of Hugh MacDiarmid (1892 - 1978) interesting encounters." Lesley-May Miller Navel stone of Caledon Now we forward step once more (Poem engraved on slab of Corennie granite sponsored by Fyfe Glenrock of marker of millennium reclaiming those who walked Aberdeen) eye of seer, druid's tongue, before: world of carlin, - stand upon builder, makar, engineer, Wyllie has always striven this footprint made for everyone. doctor, printer, traveller, lad o'pairts and balladeer. to communicate with As pebble cast into a pool audiences by taking art out sends ripple upon ripple A step for Scotland carved in so this sacred stone will tell, stone of the gallery and into the bear witness, fair or fell, a parliament without a throne community. Here too The to our truth and principle. a country each of us can own a wisdom, knowing as we are Stones of Scotland is Once as chiefs stood on Dunadd known, intended as a meeting place our land and loyalty they bled, a going forth and coming home. Our corn, our cattle and our Who among us now will work with a variety of uses - a gold - for light that penetrates the dark contemplative retreat, yes, whoso worked with hand or for freedom climbing like the lark head: for the democratic spark - but perhaps also a tourist crofter, hunter - Somerled. whose the tread that fits this mark? stop, the subject of a school Tessa Ransford trip, or a speakers' forum.

THE STONES OF SCOTLAND Mousa, Shetland 32 STONES - ONE FROM EACH OF THE 32 SCOTTISH REGIONAL COUNCILS Regent Road Park, Edinburgh Descriptions of the geology of each chosen stone and a map showing the diversity of Scotland's geology and the location of Scotland's 32 councils. Although not chosen as an A-Z of Scottish rocks, the stones are a good and useful representative sample of Scottish geology. Sedimentary Rocks: clastic rocks formed from sediments laid down in water or on land, e.g. sand to sandstone. Igneous Rocks: crystalline rocks formed from molten magma, either as extrusive lavas and ash, e.g. basalt, or underground intrusions, e.g. granite or basalt Metamorphic Rocks: rocks altered by natural heat and pressure at great depth, e.g. slate, schist, gneiss or marble. The Stones of Scotland are of various sources: quarried blocks which are angular, fresher and sometimes cut rock, building stones which may be dressed (cut to shape) and tooled (with incised marks), weathered blocks from the land surface, or rounded boulders from river or shore. Weathering: Some Stones were collected with weathered, encrusted surfaces, other stones had fresh hand-worked surfaces. Over time the Stones are becoming weathered and overgrown with moss, lichen and black mould, and the geology of the Stones less clear.

Western Isles Sea shore boulder, near Carloway, Lewis. This sea- Shetland Grey, fissile sandstone, flagstone, long-used as building Highland Marble and grey granite. Greyish white Skye Marble rounded boulder is of hard banded pink and grey Lewisian gneiss, a material as in Broch of Mousa. reputedly used in great buildings, such as Iona Abbey, The Vatican, and high-grade metamorphic rock, among the oldest rock in Britain, about the Palace of Versailles. The grey granite has crystals of pale pink 2700 million years old. Orkney Cut flagstone of fine-grained sandstone, pinkish brown with feldspar, some clear quartz and black pyroxene. fine grey laminations. Top surface is dark bedding plane with burrows, Argyll and Bute Monumental block of pink granite quarried from very like the Caithness Flags in centre of sculpture. Moray Sandstone from Clashach Quarry on Moray coast, famous for Tormore Quarry, Ross of fossil footprints of Permian reptiles (now protected site). In Mull. The granite intrusion the part-dressed block, the golden brown covers 70 km2, and is of late is due to iron-staining, darker along Caledonian age, 400 million bedding planes and joints, as on outer years old. The crystals are face. This building stone is widely used mostly large pink feldspars, SHETLAND for prestige buildings such as the with clear quartz and black Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh. pyroxene. The granite was globally popular as a Aberdeenshire Grey granite boulder with building stone, as in Iona a very weathered surface, but large Abbey, the pillars of the white feldspar crystals visible. Granite Albert Memorial and New forms a distinctive landscape of rounded York Docks. hills as around the collection locality at Easter Corriehoule Stirling Boulder of metamorphic rock collected ORKNEY City of Aberdeen Polished cut block of from Tyndrum. Banded Callanish, Lewis grey crystalline granite with white and quartzite and mica schist, formed by alteration pink feldspar, clear quartz and black of sandstones and mudstones. Tyndrum was pyroxene. Such quarrying of granite famous for a `gold rush' in the 1800s/1980s Craigendarroch, Ballater began in the mid 1700s, with extensive use of granite as a building material in S West Dunbartonshire Basalt or andesite igneous D Aberdeen, e.g. Marischal College of the University of N N A N rock, probably intrusive. Brownish grey WESTERN I A Aberdeen, hence it being known as `the granite city'. IS L H weathered surface, but fresh dark grey ISLES W G E I crystalline rock on sides. Patches of whitish L H Angus Dalradian grit, metamorphosed coarse sandstone, N crystals. R with vertical banding visible through black growth and E H moss. The prominent quartz grains make the stone feel T R MORAY East Dunbartonshire Grey basalt lava, with O E rough to the touch. IR N H obvious large white feldspar crystals; much iron S N HIGHLAND E A City of Aberdeen weathering, some white quartz veining. E Perth and Kinross Typical dark grey slate from this region D D City of Dundee S R D E A N B E City of Edinburgh showing bedding and cleavage formed in low-grade A A L G City of Glasgow Inverclyde Dark grey basalt with large black TERTIARY H metamorphism. Slate for roofs was split along the cleavage. IG Ck Clackmannan pyroxene crystals seen on upper surface, an H ED EastEast DunbartonshireDumbartonshire VOLCANICS N intrusive rock. Inner face is split along red- IA ANGUS ER East Renfrewshire City of Dundee Fife sandstone building block, dressed and P Fk Falkirk purple iron-ore veins. M PERTH tooled, from local demolished building. The grey to pinkish, A AND In Inverclyde R D ML Midlothian G KINROSS Y medium to coarse-grained, micaceous sandstone is possibly E NL North Lanarkshire Renfrewshire Block of brecciated lava, probably LL Lower Devonian in age. The stone has no fresh surface, and A Re Renfrewshire STIRLING V FIFE Carboniferous, consisting of lava fragments ARGYLL AND BUTE ND SL South Lanarkshire moss is growing in tooling. A L Ck WD WestWest DunbartonshireDumbartonshire welded together. Small holes (vesicles) were ID M WD Fk WL West Lothian formed by escaping gases in the lava. ED EL East Lothian Fife Andesite block from the surface has weathered brown In E EL Re G WL NL ML and green with brown irony spots. Fresh surface on top ER East Renfrewshire Rectangular building block of NORTH S shows dark grey fine-grained crystalline rock with a few AYRSHIRE ND coarse sandstone, SL ASCOTTISH phenocrysts (larger crystals). EAST PL AYRSHIRE U BORDERS finely-bedded, with N R E iron-rich layers. SOUTH TH Clackmannan Dark grey andesite lava block, with some AYRSHIRE U Dressed with moss- O LOWAY brown iron staining along jointed surface. The fresh rock is S D GAL S AN filled tool marks on top FRIE dark grey and crystalline. DUM 0 100 kilometres surface. Falkirk City of Glasgow Grey Brown- medium-grained weathered Carboniferous Midlothian White sandstone with fossil tree root, Stigmaria, on front. block of coarse-grained sandstone flagstone Back shows typical sandstone soil, with varying colours, brown irony dolerite with pink veins with bedding seen on patches, and fine black carbonaceous rootlets. of microgranite. Small, side; typical of long crystals (laths) can sandstones widely used West Lothian Chosen because of the association with the locally be seen. This very hard in Glasgow buildings. famous Gingerbread House. A partly dressed building block, with tool intrusive igneous rock marks on top; white, fine to medium- forms thick hard ridges North Lanarkshire Iona Abbey grained sandstone, though no fresh in the area which caused This angular quarried surfaces. problems for railway block is medium-grained dolerite, an intrusive rock, with crystals engineers. showing in one good clean face. Scottish Borders White to pink unbedded fine to medium-grained sandstone, City of Edinburgh South Lanarkshire Red medium sandstone of Carboniferous age. It is becoming obscured by black mould and Craigleith Sandstone, a finely bedded, with red and orange beds set vertically. Brown irony moss pale yellowish grey fine- patches occur. Used extensively in buildings such as the now grained micaceous demolished Hamilton Palace. Dumfries & Galloway Worked sandstone, bedded, with block of Creetown ripple marks and brown North Ayrshire Boulder of two parts, the lower part Dalradian grit with granite. Crystals seen on and black carbonaceous vertical lineations, the upper part a whitish quartz vein cutting the grit. clean side - white plant remains. Dalradian is Cambrian metamorphic rock. feldspar, clear quartz, black pyroxene. Top East Lothian Pink East Ayrshire Dressed red sandstone block with vertical quarry marks surface is irony joint medium-grained igneous on inside face. Probably Mauchline desert sandstone of Permian age, with gold-like pyrite. rock from Traprain seen in many old buildings throughout the west of Scotland. Creetown Granite was Quarry, more like rock much used for building from North Berwick Law South Ayrshire Dark grey medium-grained dolerite block. Surface all and can be seen in the than Traprain Law, weathered, only well seen in broken corner. Gap is split along natural pillars of the George IV though may be from joint. Bridge, Edinburgh. edge of Traprain intrusion. Gingerbread House National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh