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To Study Cost Efficiency of Buildings in Different TO STUDY COST EFFICIENCY OF BUILDINGS IN DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION OF INDIA BY UTILIZING WASTES IN CONCRETE A THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY in CIVIL ENGINEERING With specialization in STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Under the supervision of Mr. CHANDRA PAL GAUTAM (Assistant Professor) by AKSHAY CHANDEL (182657) to JAYPEE UNIVERSITY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY WAKNAGHAT, SOLAN – 173234 HIMACHAL PRADESH, INDIA May-2020 STUDENT’S DECLARATION I hereby declare that the work presented in the Project report entitled “To Study Cost Efficiency of Buildings in Different Geographical Location of India by Utilizing Wastes in Concrete” submitted for partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Technology in Civil Engineering at Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, is an authentic record of my work carried out under the supervision of Mr. Chandra Pal Gautam, Assistant Professor. This work has not been submitted elsewhere for the reward of any other degree/diploma. I am fully responsible for the contents of my project report. Signature of Student Akshay Chandel 182657 Department of Civil Engineering Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, India May-2020 ii CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the work which is being presented in the project report titled “To Study Cost Efficiency of Buildings in Different Geographical Location of India by Utilizing Wastes in Concrete” in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Technology in Civil Engineering with specialization in “Structural Engineering” and submitted to the Department of Civil Engineering, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat is an authentic record of work carried out by Akshay Chandel , 182657 during a period from July, 2019 to May , 2020 under the supervision of Mr. Chandra Pal Gautam, Department of Civil Engineering, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat. The above statement made is correct to the best of my knowledge. Date: - 28th, May 2020 Signature of Supervisor Signature of HOD Mr. Chandra Pal Gautam Dr. Ashok Kumar Gupta Assistant Professor Professor & Head Civil Engineering Department Civil Engineering Department JUIT Waknaghat JUIT Waknaghat iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The completion of any project depends upon cooperation, coordination, and combined efforts of several sources of knowledge. I am grateful to my project guide Mr. Chandra Pal Gautam (Assistant Professor) for his even willing to give me valuable advice and direction whenever I approached him with any problem. I am thankful to him for providing immense guidance for this project. I am also thankful to Dr. Ashok Kumar Gupta, Professor & Head, Department of Civil Engineering, and all the faculty members for their immense cooperation and motivation for the research of my project. Akshay Chandel May - 2020 iv ABSTRACT Today, the need to protect the environment is a moral obligation for humans. Concrete is the most devoured material on the planet after the water and utilized most broadly in the construction due to its properties. According to the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change of INDIA (MoEFCC) in 2018-19 nearly 15,000 MT of garbage remain exposed every day, resulting in almost 55 Lakh MT of solid waste disposed in open areas each year, which leads to "severe" pollution level. Of the total collected waste, only 20 per cent (27,000 MT per day) is processed and the remaining 80 per cent (1, 08,000 MT per day) is dumped in landfill sites. Furthermore, recycling waste consumes energy and produces pollution. Besides, the gathering of waste in the suburbs and the removal of waste are perilous for nature. Utilizing waste material in Concrete is an appropriate technique for accomplishing two objectives: eliminating waste and adding positive properties in concrete. Since the green concrete industry is growing, it is important to assess concrete that contains waste from all perspectives to determine its capability. The goal of this study is to inspect the concrete properties when it is replaced with waste materials as components. In this study the crumb rubber replaced with san, bagasse is used as cement, and waste crushed tiles are used as coarse aggregate up to some amount as a replacement. With the addition of these wastes we can reduce carbon footprint, and save the natural resources. Different tests on concrete are performed to check the feasibility of these waste materials. With the help of right strategy the Green concrete can be used for making G+3 building in Autodesk Revit architecture and further design in different parts of India by Stadd. Pro software. After that the energy efficiency of the building is also checked and then Cost comparisons of buildings are done with Zero Energy Building through Estimator software. Further cost efficiency of the building is checked by Estimator software. And then stability is checked in different harsh environment conditions of India in Stadd.pro. Keywords: Bagasse, Crumb rubber, Compressive strength, Mosaic, Harsh. v TABLE OF CONTENT Description Page No. STUDENT'S DECLARATION ii CERTIFICATE iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv ABSTRACT v LIST OF FIGURES ix LIST OF TABLES xii LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS xiii Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 General 1 1.1.1 Concrete 1 1.1.2 Waste 2 1.1.3 Why So Much Interest in These Waste 3 1.1.4 Applications 3 1.1.5 Advantages 4 1.1.6 Disadvantages 4 1.1.7 Need/Demand 4 Chapter 2: Literature Review 2.1 Introduction 5 2.2 Review of Literature 5 2.3 Research Gap 17 2.4 Research Objectives 17 Chapter 3: Methodology 3.1 General 18 3.2 Materials and Software used 19 vi 3.2.1 Cement 19 3.2.2 Sand 19 3.2.3 Coarse Aggregates 20 3.2.4 Bagasse 20 3.2.5 Waste Crushed Tiles 21 3.2.6 Crumb Rubber 22 3.2.7 Super Plasticizer 22 3.2.8 Water 23 3.2.9 Autodesk Revit Architecture 23 3.2.10 Autodesk Energy Analysis 23 3.2.11 Estimator 23 3.2.12 Stadd pro 23 3.3 Parameters of Experiment 24 3.4 Testing 24 3.5 Some Test Performed 24 3.5.1 Casting 24 3.5.2 Compressive Strength Test 25 3.6 Procedure for Mix Design 25 3.7 Estimation of the Quantity of Concrete Mix 26 Chapter 4: Result Analysis 4.1 General 33 4.2 Software Part 44 4.2.1 Basic Parameters 46 4.2.2 Carbon Emission and Energy Analysis in North India (Kandaghat) 47 4.2.3 Carbon Emission and Energy Analysis in South India (Kerala) 50 4.2.4 Carbon Emission and Energy Analysis in East India (Darjeeling) 53 4.2.5 Carbon Emission and Energy Analysis in West India (Ganganagar) 56 4.3 Calculation of Overall Energy Consumed by the Building 59 4.3.1 Total Energy Utilization of the Building in North India (Kandaghat) 59 4.3.2 Total Energy Utilization of the Building in South India (Kerala) 59 4.3.3 Total Energy Utilization of the Building in East India (Darjeeling) 59 4.3.4 Total Energy Utilization of the Building in West India (Ganganagar) 59 vii 4.4 Stability Analysis of Building in Stadd. Pro 60 4.5 Approximate Cost of Conventional Building (excluding foundation work) 63 4.6 Approximate Cost of Zero Energy Building (excluding foundation work) 71 Chapter 5: Discussions and Conclusions 6.1 General 76 6.2 Materials Identify 76 6.3 Conclusions 77 6.4 Future Scope 78 REFERENCE 83 viii LIST OF FIGURES Figure Description Page Number Number 3.1 Methodology of project 18 3.2 Portland Pozalana Cement used at lab 19 3.3 Sand used for design mix 20 3.4 Coarse aggregate of 10mm and 12.5mm 20 3.5 Bagasse used as replacement of cement 21 3.6 Waste crushed tiles used as replacement of Coarse aggregates 21 3.7 Crumb rubber used as replacement of Fine aggregates 22 3.8 Super plasticizer used in design mix 22 3.9 Compression Testing Machine 25 3.10 Bagasse added in Concrete mix 28 3.11 Waste crushed Tiles added in Concrete mix 28 3.12 Crumb rubber mixed in Concrete mix 29 3.13 Curing of cubes in sunlight 29 3.14 Curing of cubes after water 30 3.15 Testing of cubes under Compression Testing Machine 30 3.16 Waste tile cubes after crack under Compression Testing Machine 31 3.17 Crumb rubber cubes after crack under Compression Testing Machine 31 3.18 Bagasse cubes after crack under Compression Testing Machine 32 4.1 Compressive strength variation with the %age of Bagasse for 7 days 34 4.2 Compressive strength variation with the %age of Bagasse for 28 days 35 4.3 Compressive strength variation with the %age of Rubber for 7 days 36 4.4 Compressive strength variation with the %age of Rubber for 28 days 37 4.5 Compressive strength variation with the %age of Tiles for 7 days 38 4.6 Compressive strength variation with the %age of Tiles for 28 days 39 4.7 Graph showing compressive strength of different mix 42 4.8 2-D plan of one floor of G+3 building 45 4.9 Parameters required for Energy and carbon calculations in Revit 46 4.10 Revit 3-D G+3 Building Plan in Kandaghat 47 ix 4.11 Performance factor of the building in Kandaghat 47 4.12 Life cycle cost of building in Kandaghat 47 4.13 Intensity of Used Energy of building in Kandaghat 48 4.14 Renewable Energy Potential of building in Kandaghat 48 4.15 Carbon emission of building in Kandaghat 48 4.16 Annual cost of Energy use of Building in Kandaghat 49 4.17 Use of Energy as Fuel of Building in Kandaghat 49 4.18 Use of Energy as Electricity of Building in Kandaghat 49 4.19 Revit 3-D G+3 Building Plan in Kerala 50 4.20 Performance factor of the building in Kerala 50 4.21 Life cycle cost of building in Kerala 51 4.22 Intensity of Used Energy of building in Kerala 51 4.23 Renewable Energy Potential
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