DOCSLIB.ORG

To the One Who Loved Me, Died for Me and Has Been Raised

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
To the One Who Loved Me, Died for Me and Has Been Raised To the One Who loved me, died for me and has been raised. (Bible 2 Corinthians 5:14-15) Acknowledgements In this age, with the next millennium fast approaching, no one can carry out research work alone. Therefore, the author would like to show his appreciation to the many people who assisted with this study. First, I would like to give thanks to my supervisor Dr. P. L. Domone, who helped with this work, gave valuable suggestions and also corrected my written English patiently. I also appreciated Dr. Y. Xu's kind suggestions and encouragement, and both Dr. K. Ozawa and Dr. J.C. Liu supplied useful information concerning this study. I also enjoyed discussing this research work with my junior colleagues: Mr. V. Sheikh, Mr. E.M. Ahmed and Mrs. J. Jin. Furthermore, Mr A. Tucker and Miss H. Kinloch carried out several mixes concerning the early strength of SCC as their final year project under my guidance. The help I received from the technical staff of the Elvery Concrete Technology Laboratory cannot be ignored, especially from Mr. 0. Bourne and Mr. M. Saytch. Furthermore, I would like to acknowledge the scholarship from my government, without which the dream of studying in this country could not have come true, after having spent 12 years teaching. I especially want to give thanks to my family - my mother, my wife Priscilla and May and Boaz for their support. I owe them very much. I also appreciated the care from the saints in the church - it is impossible to list all of them. Through their prayer and the bountiful supply of the Spirit of Jesus Christ, I finished this study and had a memorable time in the UK. Glory to God. DESIGN AND TESTING OF SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE A thesis submitted to the University of London for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by HSI-WEN CHAI BSc, MSc Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University College London University of London April 1998 Abstract 4 Abstract Self-compacting concrete (SCC) can flow into place and compact under its own weight into a uniform void free mass even in areas of congested reinforcement. The research reported in this thesis examined the production of SCC with readily available UK materials, with the overall aims of evaluating test methods and establishing a suitable mix design procedure. There have been significant recent developments and applications of SCC in several countries, notably Japan. A literature survey gave an understanding of the advantages and properties of SCC, test methods and the range of constituent materials and their relative proportions for its successful production. A range of SCC mixes can be produced with the common features of a lower aggregate content than conventional concrete and the use of superplasticizers. Most mixes also contained one or more of pulverized fuel ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag and an inert powder filler. A four stage experimental programme was carried out: • tests on pastes to assess the effect of the types and proportions of the powders and superplasticizers on the rheology. • tests on mortars to determine suitable dosage of superplasticizers for high fluidity, low segregation and low loss of workability with time after mixing. Flow spread and funnel tests were used. • tests on fresh concrete to enable suitable types and quantities of coarse aggregate to be combined with these mortars to produce SCC. Fluidity and viscosity were measured using slump flow and V-funnel tests, and passing ability using L- and U- type tests. Two-point workability tests were also carried out, and a novel way of WIS assessing segregation resistanceAdeveloped. • tests on hardened concrete to determine compressive strength, bond to reinforcement and drying shrinkage. A mix design procedure, based on a method suggested by Japanese workers, has been developed. This includes optimisation of the mix with a linear optimisation tool from a commercial spreadsheet package. Contents 5 Contents Title page 1 Dedication 2 Acknowledgement 3 Abstract 4 List of figures 13 List of tables 20 List of photos 23 Notation 24 Chapter 1 Introduction 1. 1 Definition and requirements of Self-compacting concrete (SCC) 25 1. 2 Development of SCC 27 1. 3 Research Programme 28 Chapter 2 Advantages, applications, and disadvantages of SCC 2. 1 Advantages of SCC 30 2.1.1 Enhancement of the reliability of concrete 31 2.1.2 No consolidation noise 33 2.1.3 Reduced labour force and shorter construction schedules 34 2.1.4 Innovations in the construction system 36 2. 2 Structural applications 38 2.2.1 Examples 38 2.2.2 Examples of SCC mix proportions 42 Contents 6 2. 3 Disadvantages of SCC 45 2.3.1 Higher material cost 45 2.3.2 Higher standard of quality control in production 45 2.3.3 Higher lateral pressure on the formwork 46 2.3.4 Higher pumping resistance 46 2. 4 Conclusions 47 Chapter 3 Literature review 3. 1 Background of Japan's concrete industry 48 3. 2 Materials used in SCC 49 3.2.1 Cement 49 3.2.2 Cement replacement materials (CRMs) 51 3.2.3 Chemical admixtures 53 3.2.4 Aggregate 54 3. 3 Test methods for fresh properties of SCC 54 3.3.1 Slump flow test 54 3.3.2 Funnel test 55 3.3.3 Sieve test for segregation resistance 59 3.3.4 L-Test 59 3.3.5 Box test 60 3.3.6 U-Test 60 3.3.7 Filling capacity test 60 3.3.8 Two-point workability test 63 3. 4 Characteristic fresh properties 63 3.4.1 Passing ability through reinforcement 63 3.4.1.1 Ratio of clear spacing between rebars to the maximum aggregate size 64 3.4.1.2 Coarse aggregate content 66 3.4.1.3 Flowability 66 Contents 7 3.4.1.4 Mechanism of blocking in flowing mortar 70 3.4.2 Segregation resistance 72 3.4.2.1 Segregation of NC 72 3.4.2.2 Segregation resistance of SCC 72 3. 5 Methods of achieving self-compactability 74 3.5.1 Adding a viscosity agent 74 3.5.2 Limiting the coarse aggregate volume while controlling the water/powder ratio 74 3.5.3 Comments 76 3. 6 Mix design of SCC 78 3.6.1 Ozawa's approach 78 3.6.2 LCPC's approach 78 3.6.3 CBI's approach 84 3.6.4 Hwang's approach 85 3.6.5 Hon's approach 86 3.6.6 Comments 89 3. 7 Hardened surface of SCC 90 3. 8 Quality control of SCC 93 3.8.1 Variation of sand moisture content 93 3.8.2 Functions of viscosity agents 94 3.8.3 Quality control on site 99 3.8.4 Level of self-compactability 99 3. 9 Conclusions 101 Chapter 4 Materials and experimental methods 103 4. 1 Objectives 103 4. 2 Materials 105 4.2.1 Portland cement 105 Contents 8 4.2.2 Cement replacement materials (CRMs) 105 4.2.3 Admixtures 106 4.2.4 Water 108 4.2.5 Aggregate 108 4. 3 Mixing Procedures 111 4.3.1 Paste 111 4.3.2 Mortar 111 4.3.3 Concrete 112 4. 4 Test methods 115 4.4.1 Tests for paste 115 4.4.1.1 Flow spread test 115 4.4.1.2 Viscometer test 116 4.4.2 Tests for mortar 117 4.4.2.1 Flow spread test 117 4.4.2.2 V-funnel flow test 117 4.4.2.3 Adhesion test 117 4.4.2.4 compressive strength 120 4.4.3 Tests on fresh concrete 120 4.4.3.1 Slump flow test 120 4.4.3.2 V-fimnel test 121 4.4.3.3 L-test 121 4.4.3.4 U-test 123 4.4.3.5 Two-point workability test 123 4.4.3.6 Segregation resistance test 127 4.4.4 Tests on hardened concrete 131 4.4.4.1 Bond between concrete and reinforcement 131 4.4.4.2 Shrinkage 132 4.4.4.3 compressive strength 134 4.4.5 Test sequence for concrete 134 Contents 9 Chapter 5 Rheology of cementitious paste 5. 1 Objectives 135 5. 2 Materials and test methods 136 5. 3 Scope of experiments 137 5. 4 Results and discussion 138 5.4.1 Retained water ratio (Op) and deformation coefficient (Es) 138 5.4.2 Powder combinations 138 5.4.3 Yield stress 140 5.4.4 Viscosity 142 5. 5 Application of the rheology of the cementitious paste 147 5. 6 Prediction of the rheological properties of blended cementitious paste 149 5. 7 Conclusions 151 Chapter 6 Properties and composition of mortar for SCC 6. 1 Objectives of mortar tests 152 6. 2 Property requirements for mortar of SCC 152 6.2.1 Workability 153 6.2.2 Loss of workability with time 153 6.2.2.1 Influence of superplasticizer 156 6.2.2.2 Influence of cement replacement materials (CRMs) 158 6.2.3 Stability 159 6.2.3.1 Moderate viscosity 159 6.2.3.2 Limited bleeding 161 6.2.3.3 No aggregate segregation 162 6.2.4 Strength requirement of mortar 163 6.2.5 Criteria for mortar tests 165 6. 3 Composition of mortar 168 6.3.1 Sand content 168 Contents 10 6.3.2 Water/total fines ratio 170 • 6.3.3 Powder composition 172 6. 4 Factors influencing dosage of superplasticizer 176 6.4.1 Proportion and type of CRMs 176 6.4.2 Water/powder ratio 176 6.4.3 Sand content 178 6.4.4 Viscosity agent 178 6.4.5 Mixing procedure 178 6.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • An Investigation of High-Performance Self Compacting Concrete Under Flexural Loading
    Civil Engineering and Architecture 8(6): 1414-1418, 2020 http://www.hrpub.org DOI: 10.13189/cea.2020.080624 An Investigation of High-Performance Self Compacting Concrete under Flexural Loading Theerthananda M P1,*, P C Srinivasa1, G M Naveen2 1Department of Civil Engineering, Government Engineering College, Kushalnagar, India 2Department of Civil Engineering, Government Engineering College, Chamarjanagar, India Received October 20, 2020; Revised November 25, 2020; Accepted December 30, 2020 Cite This Paper in the following Citation Styles (a): [1] Theerthananda M P, P C Srinivasa, G M Naveen, "An Investigation of High-Performance Self Compacting Concrete under Flexural Loading," Civil Engineering and Architecture, Vol. 8, No. 6, pp. 1414 - 1418, 2020. DOI: 10.13189/cea.2020.080624. (b): Theerthananda M P, P C Srinivasa, G M Naveen (2020). An Investigation of High-Performance Self Compacting Concrete under Flexural Loading. Civil Engineering and Architecture, 8(6), 1414 - 1418. DOI: 10.13189/cea.2020.080624. Copyright©2020 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License Abstract To shorten construction period, to assure compaction in the structure especially in confined zones where vibrating compaction is difficult and to eliminate noise due to vibration effective especially at concrete 1. Introduction products plants SCC is developed in practice. Also, SCC is applied to tunnel lining for preventing the cold joint High Performance Self Compacting Concrete (HPSCC) Self-compacting concrete has been used. Currently, the is the one which ability to Flow, good viscosity, main reasons for the employment of self-compacting segregation resistance and passing ability.
    [Show full text]
  • Fiber in Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavements 6
    Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. FHWA/TX-07/0-4392-2 Accession No. 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date January 2006; Revised December 2006 Fiber in Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavements 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Dr. Kevin Folliard, David Sutfin, Ryan Turner, and David P. 0-4392-2 Whitney 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Center for Transportation Research 11. Contract or Grant No. The University of Texas at Austin 0-4392 3208 Red River, Suite 200 Austin, TX 78705-2650 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Texas Department of Transportation Technical Report 9/1/01–8/31/03 Research and Technology Implementation Office 14. Sponsoring Agency Code P.O. Box 5080 Austin, TX 78763-5080 15. Supplementary Notes Project conducted in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration and the Texas Department of Transportation. Project Title: Use of Fibers in Concrete Pavement 16. Abstract Continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) is a major form of highway pavement in Texas due to its increase in ride quality, minimal maintenance, and extended service life. However, CRCP may sometimes experience pavement distress that results in early failure, either due to under-design or the use of poor construction materials. Significant effort has been made to improve the performance of some of these materials (e.g. siliceous river gravel) to achieve an acceptable level of performance but has been unable to provide a practical solution. This research study investigates whether fiber reinforcement may solve some of the problems associated with siliceous river gravel, particularly spalling.
    [Show full text]
  • Experimental Investigation on Nano Concrete with Nano Silica and M-Sand
    International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON NANO CONCRETE WITH NANO SILICA AND M-SAND Mohan Raj.B1, Sugila Devi.G2 1PG Student, Nadar Saraswathi College of Engineering and Technology, Theni, Tamilnadu, India. 2Assistant Professor, Nadar Saraswathi College of Engineering and Technology, Theni, Tamilnadu, India. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - The influence of Nano-Silica on various material is Nano Silica (NS). The advancement made by the properties of concrete is obtained by replacing the cement study of concrete at Nano scale has proved the Nano silica is with various percentages of Nano-Silica. Nano-Silica is used as much better than silica fume used in conventional concrete. a partial replacement for cement in the range of 3%, 3.5%, Now, the researchers are capitalizing on nanotechnology to and 10% for M20 mix. Specimens are casted using Nano-Silica innovate a new generation of concrete materials that concrete. Laboratory tests conducted to determine the overcome the above drawbacks and trying to achieve the compressive strength, split tensile and flexural strength of sustainable concrete structures. Evolution of materials is Nano-Silica concrete at the age of 7, 14 and 28 days. Results need of the day for improved or better performance for indicate that the concrete, by using Nano-Silica powder, was special engineering applications and modifying the bulk able to increase its compressive strength. However, the density state of materials in terms of composition or microstructure is reduce compared to standard mix of concrete.
    [Show full text]
  • Proposing a New Method Based on Image Analysis to Estimate the Segregation Index of Lightweight Aggregate Concretes
    materials Article Proposing a New Method Based on Image Analysis to Estimate the Segregation Index of Lightweight Aggregate Concretes Afonso Miguel Solak 1,2 , Antonio José Tenza-Abril 1 , Francisco Baeza-Brotons 1 and David Benavente 3,* 1 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain; [email protected] (A.M.S.); [email protected] (A.J.T.-A.); [email protected] (F.B.-B.) 2 CYPE Ingenieros S.A., 03003 Alicante, Spain 3 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 18 October 2019; Accepted: 1 November 2019; Published: 5 November 2019 Abstract: This work presents five different methods for quantifying the segregation phenomenon in lightweight aggregate concretes (LWAC). The use of LWACs allows greater design flexibility and substantial cost savings, and has a positive impact on the energy consumption of a building. However, these materials are susceptible to aggregate segregation, which causes an irregular distribution of the lightweight aggregates in the mixture and may affect the concrete properties. To quantify this critical process, a new method based on image analysis is proposed and its results are compared to the well-established methods of density and ultrasonic pulse velocity measurement. The results show that the ultrasonic test method presents a lower accuracy than the other studied methods, although it is a nondestructive test, easy to perform, and does not need material characterization. The new methodology via image analysis has a strong correlation with the other methods, it considers information from the complete section of the samples, and it does not need the horizontal cut of the specimens or material characterization.
    [Show full text]
  • (AUTONOMOUS) Dundigal, Hyderabad- 500 043 CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY (ACE010) IARE-R16 B.Tech V SEM
    INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINERRING (AUTONOMOUS) Dundigal, Hyderabad- 500 043 CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY (ACE010) IARE-R16 B.Tech V SEM Prepared by Mr. N. Venkat Rao, Associate Professor Ms.B.Bhavani, Assistant Professor COURSE GOAL • To introduce properties of concrete and it constituent materials and the role of various admixtures in modifying these properties to suit specific requirements, such as ready mix concrete, reinforcement detailing, disaster-resistant construction, and concrete machinery have been treated exhaustively the and also special concrete in addition to the durability maintenance and quality control of concrete structure. COURSE OUTLINE UNIT TITILE CONTENT I CEMENT Portland cement, chemical composition, Hydration, ADMIXTURE Setting of cement, Structure of hydrate cement, Test & on physical properties, Different grades of cement. AGGREGATE Mineral and chemical admixtures, properties, dosage, effects, usage. Classification of aggregate, Particle shape & texture, Bond, strength & other mechanical properties of aggregate, Specific gravity, Bulk density, porosity, adsorption & moisture content of aggregate, Bulking of sand, Deleterious substance in aggregate, Soundness of aggregate, Alkali aggregate reaction, Thermal properties, Sieve analysis, Fineness modulus, Grading curves, Grading of fine & coarse Aggregates, Gap graded aggregate, Maximum aggregate size. COURSE OUTLINE UNIT TITILE CONTENT II FRESH Workability, Factors affecting workability, CONCRETE Measurement of workability by different tests, Setting times of concrete, Effect of time and temperature on workability, Segregation & bleeding, Mixing and vibration of concrete, Steps in manufacture of concrete, Quality of mixing water. COURSE OUTLINE UNIT TITILE CONTENT III HARDENED Water / Cement ratio, Abram’s Law, Gel space ratio, CONCRETE Nature of strength of concrete, Maturity concept, TESTING Strength in tension & compression, Factors affecting OF strength, Relation between compression & tensile HARDENED strength, Curing.
    [Show full text]
  • Vysoké Učení Technické V Brně Brno University of Technology
    VYSOKÉ UČENÍ TECHNICKÉ V BRNĚ BRNO UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY FAKULTA STAVEBNÍ FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING ÚSTAV TECHNOLOGIE STAVEBNÍCH HMOT A DÍLCŮ INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY OF BUILDING MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS VLIV VLASTNOSTÍ VSTUPNÍCH MATERIÁLŮ NA KVALITU ARCHITEKTONICKÝCH BETONŮ INFLUENCE OF INPUT MATERIALS FOR QUALITY ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCE DIPLOMA THESIS AUTOR PRÁCE Bc. Veronika Ondryášová AUTHOR VEDOUCÍ PRÁCE prof. Ing. RUDOLF HELA, CSc. SUPERVISOR BRNO 2018 1 2 3 Abstrakt Diplomová práce se zaměřuje na problematiku vlivu vlastností vstupních surovin pro výrobu kvalitních povrchů architektonických betonů. V úvodní části je popsána definice architektonického betonu a také výhody a nevýhody jeho realizace. V dalších kapitolách jsou uvedeny charakteristiky, dávkování či chemické složení vstupních materiálů. Kromě návrhu receptury je důležitým parametrem pro vytvoření kvalitního povrchu betonu zhutňování, precizní uložení do bednění a následné ošetřování povrchu. Popsány jsou také jednotlivé druhy architektonických betonů, jejich způsob vyrábění s uvedenými příklady na konkrétních realizovaných stavbách. V praktické části byly navrženy 4 receptury, kde se měnil druh nebo dávkování vstupních surovin. Při tvorbě receptur byl důraz kladen především na minimální segregaci čerstvého betonu a omezení vzniku pórů na povrchu ztvrdlého betonu. Klíčová slova Architektonický beton, vstupní suroviny, bednění, separační prostředky, cement, přísady, pigment. Abstract This diploma thesis focuses on the influence of properties of feedstocks for the production of quality surfaces of architectural concrete. The introductory part describes the definition of architectural concrete with the advantages and disadvantages of its implementation. In the following chapters, the characteristics, the dosage or the chemical composition of the input materials are given. Besides the design of the mixture, important parameters for the creation of a quality surface of concrete are compaction, precise placement in formwork and subsequent treatment of the surface.
    [Show full text]
  • Nano Concrete and Its Classified Applications in Nano Technology
    NANO CONCRETE AND ITS CLASSIFIED APPLICATIONS IN NANO TECHNOLOGY 1ANUPRIYA P. JADHAV, 2A. P. PATIL, 3 D. D. PARKHE, 4S. D. BHAGAT, 5RAJENDRA PAWAR 1,2,3,4,5 MAHARASHTRA ENGINEERING RESEARCH INSTITUTE, NASHIK, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA . Email: [email protected] Abstract - This paper presents a modified design of Nanotechnology, which is one of the most active research areas that include a Number of disciplines including civil engineering and construction materials. In this paper, nano –silica has been replaced in various properties such as 2.5%, 3%, 3.5% to the weight of cement. Then the properties of concrete such as compressive strength of respective specimens were tested after 7 & 28 days of curing. Result has been obtained & compared with normal concrete mix. Nano concrete was concluded to have a higher strength than the ordinary concrete. Nanotechnology is the understanding, control, and restructuring of matter on the order of nano meters (i.e., less than 500nm) to create materials with fundamentally new properties and functions. The main advances have been in the nano science of cementitious materials with an increase in the knowledge and understanding of basic phenomena in cement at the nano scale. Keywords - Nano Scale, Asr, Nano Tube, Nano Silica, Polycarboxylates, Atomic Scale, Nano Concrete. I. INTRODUCTION C. WHAT IS NANO CONCRETE? A concrete made with portland cement particles that A. GNERAL are less than 500nm as a cementing agent. Nano Nanotechnology encompasses main approaches: (i) concrete is concrete made by filling the pores in the top down” approach, in which larger structures are conventional concrte using nano particals of size less reduced in size to the nano scale while maintaining than 500 nm.Currently cement particle sizes range their original properties order constructed from larger from a few nano-meters to a maximum of about 100 structures in to their smaller, composite parts and (ii) micro meters.
    [Show full text]
  • Experimental Study on Partial Replacement of Cement with Fly Ash and Complete Replacement of Sand with M Sand P.SRIDEVI1, DR
    Experimental Study On Partial Replacement Of Cement With Fly Ash And Complete Replacement Of Sand With M sand P.SRIDEVI1, DR. K. CHANDRAMOULI2 1Assistant Professor, Dept of Civil Engineering, NRI Institute of Technology, Visadala(V), Medikonduru(M), Guntur, AP, India, E-mail: [email protected]. 2 Professor& HOD, Dept Of Civil Engineering, NRI Institute Of Technology ,Visadala(V), Medikonduru(M), Guntur, AP, India, E-mail: koduru [email protected]. ABSTRACT Due to rapid growth in construction activity, the available sources of natural sand are getting exhausted & also, good quality sand may have to be transported from long distance, which adds to the cost of construction. In some cases, natural sand may not be of good quality. Therefore, it is necessary to replace natural sand in concrete by an alternate material partially, without compromising the quality of concrete. Quarry sand is one such material which can be used to replace sand as fine aggregate. The present study is aimed at utilizing Quarry sand as fine aggregate replacing natural sand and also the compressive strength of the water cured specimens is measured on the 7,14,28 Days. Split Tensile strength, Flexural Strength, Here we have conducting a test on concrete by using fly ash and m sand. By using these materials we have find out strength on a concrete by adding partial replacement on cement with fly ash and complete replacement of sand with m sand. Key words:: Experimental Study, Partial Replacement, Cement, Fly Ash, Sand, M sand. 1.INTRODUCTION Concrete is the most widely used construction material in civil engineering industry because of its high structural strength, stability, and malleability.
    [Show full text]
  • Eindhoven University of Technology MASTER Study on Bond Capacity Of
    Eindhoven University of Technology MASTER Study on bond capacity of 3D printed concrete with cable reinforcement Dezaire, S. Award date: 2018 Link to publication Disclaimer This document contains a student thesis (bachelor's or master's), as authored by a student at Eindhoven University of Technology. Student theses are made available in the TU/e repository upon obtaining the required degree. The grade received is not published on the document as presented in the repository. The required complexity or quality of research of student theses may vary by program, and the required minimum study period may vary in duration. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain STUDY ON BOND CAPACITY OF 3D PRINTED CONCRETE WITH CABLE REINFORCEMENT GRADUATION THESIS S. Dezaire Eindhoven University of Technology Department of the Built Environment Master Architecture, Building and Planning Specialization Structural Design Title: STUDY ON BOND CAPACITY OF 3D PRINTED CONCRETE WITH CABLE REINFORCEMENT Report number: A-2018.225 Version: Published Date: 12-8-2018 Student: S. (Steven) Dezaire ID-number: 0810235 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Graduation committee: First supervisor: dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Strength Characteristics by Partial Replacement of Cement with Brick Powder
    International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 13, Number 7 (2018) pp. 94-99 © Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com Strength Characteristics by Partial Replacement of Cement with Brick Powder Sanjay Raj. A Assistant Professor, School of Civil Engineering, Rukmini Knowledge Park, REVA University, Yelankha, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. Preeti D B, Anil Kumar, Akshay Mangraj UG Scholars, School of Civil Engineering, Rukmini Knowledge Park, REVA University, Yelankha, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. Abstract transportation from sources & also large scale depletion of The purpose of this research is to study the properties of fresh sources creates environmental problems & to overcome these and hardened states of M40 grade concrete, using Crushed problems there is a need of cost effective alternative and ROCK Powder (CRP) as fine aggregate to full amount of sand innovative materials. with Partial replacement of brick powder at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% to existing cement content. This paper Research Significance investigates quantitavely the strength of concrete mix at The most widely used fine aggregate for the different ages. The overall test results revealed that in making of concrete is natural sand, mined from the river beds. concrete mixtures, Crushed Rock Powder can be fully However, the availability of river sand for the preparation of substituted as an alternative material for natural sand (fine concrete is becoming scarce due to the excessive nonscientific aggregate) in presence of Brick powder upto 15%. These methods of mining. Apart from this, issues like lowering of findings guide the practitioner in selecting fly ash and water table, sinking of bridge piers, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Crete Based on Spatial Distribution of Aggregate Size Fractions
    Image Anal Stereol 2020;39:147-159 doi: 105566/ias.2318 Original Research Paper QUANTIFICATION OF SEGREGATION IN PORTLAND CEMENT CON- CRETE BASED ON SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF AGGREGATE SIZE FRACTIONS MURAT OZEN, 1, MURAT GULER2 1Mersin University, Department of Civil Engineering, Mersin, Turkey; 2Middle East Technical University, De- partment of Civil Engineering, Ankara, Turkey e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] (Received December 27, 2019; revised July 16, 2020; accepted July 23, 2020) ABSTRACT Segregation is one of the quality standards that must be monitored during the fabrication and placement of Portland cement concrete. Segregation refers to separation of coarse aggregate from the cement paste, re- sulting in inhomogeneous mixture. This study introduces a digital imaging based technique to quantify the segregation of Portland cement concrete from 2D digital images of cut sections. In the previous studies, segregation was evaluated based on the existence of coarse aggregate fraction at different geometrical re- gions of a sample cross section without considering its distribution characteristics. However, it is shown that almost all particle fractions can form clusters and increase the degree of segregation, thus deteriorating the structural performance of concrete. In the proposed methodology, a segregation index is developed by based on the spatial distribution of different size fractions of coarse aggregate within a sample cross section. It is shown that degradation in mixture’s homogeneity is controlled by the combined effect of particle dis- tribution and their relative proportions in the mixture. Hence, a segregation index characterizing the mixture inhomogeneity is developed by considering not only spatial distribution of aggregate particles, but also their size fractions in the mixture.
    [Show full text]
  • Report on the Performance of Portland Limestone Cements in Concrete 20160401
    PERFORMANCES OF LIMESTONE MODIFIED PORTLAND CEMENT AND CONCRETE Luc Courard, University of Liège, Belgium Duncan Herfort, Aalborg Portland A/S, Denmark Yury Villagrán, LEMIT and CONICET, Argentina Corresponding author: Luc Courard – University of Liège, Department of Architecture, Geology, Environment and Constructions, Allée de la Découverte, 9 (Quartier Polytech) – 4000 LIEGE (Belgium), Email: [email protected] 1. Introduction Fine limestone has been added to Portland cement for decades. This is normally achieved by “intergrinding” it with Portland cement clinker in the cement mill. Under normal operating conditions this will result in a surface area of the limestone fraction of between 800 and 1100 m 2/kg (depending on the grindability of the limestone) for a surface area of the clinker fraction of in the region of 400 m 2/kg. Less often the limestone is ground separately and blended with Portland cement. Separate addition of limestone to concrete as a clinker replacement is not widely practiced in conventional concrete, but is used as filler for modifying the rheology of self-compacting concrete. In the early literature limestone was generally regarded as “inert filler”. For this reason it has e.g. become the main constituent in most masonry cements where high levels of replacement of the Portland cement are needed to reproduce the properties of traditional lime mortars. However, for its application in concrete, which is the primary focus of this report, the limestone’s contribution to the hydration reactions can be significant when it is co-ground with the clinker, albeit in relatively small amounts. So much so that it can arguably be classified as an SCM alongside GBFS and fly ash.
    [Show full text]