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MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA Filozofická Fakulta Ústav Hudební MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA Filozofická fakulta Ústav hudební vědy Hudební věda LUCIE KOZÁKOVÁ Bc. BONO VOX a vliv jeho politických aktivit na tvorbu rockové skupiny U2 Vedoucí práce: PhDr. ALEŠ OPEKAR, CSc. Rok odevzdání práce: 2008 Prohlašuji,že jsem pracovalasamostatněaveškeroupoužitouliteraturujsemcitovala. ___________________________ OBSAH PŘEDMLUVA ...........................................................................................................................1 ÚVOD ........................................................................................................................................2 KDOJE BONOVOX? ..............................................................................................................3 PAUL DAVID HEWSON .............................................................................................................3 BONO VOX ..............................................................................................................................4 SITUACE PO VYSTOUPENÍ NA LIVE AID ....................................................................................5 DEVADESÁTÁ LÉTA .................................................................................................................6 NOVÁ ETAPA – NÁVRAT KE KOŘENŮM .....................................................................................8 ANALÝZA PÍSNÍ ....................................................................................................................10 SUNDAY BLOODY SUNDAY – NEDĚLE KRVAVÁ NEDĚLE .......................................................10 NEW YEAR ’S DAY – NOVÝ ROK ............................................................................................12 PRIDE (I N THE NAME OF LOVE ) – HRDOST (V E JMÉNU LÁSKY ) .............................................13 BULLET THE BLUE SKY – PROSTŘEL MODROU OBLOHU ........................................................14 MOTHERS OF THE DISAPPEAR – MATKY ZMIZELÝCH .............................................................16 RED HILL MINING TOWN – RED HILL , HORNICKÉ MĚSTO ......................................................17 SILVER AND GOLD – STŘÍBRO A ZLATO .................................................................................18 ZOO STATION – STANICE ZOO ...............................................................................................21 MISS SARAJEVO ....................................................................................................................23 WALK ON – JDI DÁL ..............................................................................................................24 SHRNUTÍ (TÝKÁ SE POUZE VYBRANÝCH PÍSNÍ ) ......................................................................26 KONCERTY ............................................................................................................................29 ZÁVĚR .....................................................................................................................................31 RESUMÉ ..................................................................................................................................34 SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................35 LITERATURA .........................................................................................................................36 PŘÍLOHY .................................................................................................................................37 PŘÍLOHA CD-ROM ................................................................................................................43 PŘEDMLUVA Prosvoupráci jsemzvolilatémazoblastinonartificiálníhudby.Rozhodla jsemse zabývat irskourockovoulegendou,leadremskupinyU2,zpěvákematextařemBonem Voxem.Tentonámět měnapadlna jednomzkoncertůVertigoTour2005atovpolském Chorzowě.U písně NewYearsDaynajednoulidénaochozechvytáhli bílékusylátky,ti,co byliv"kotli"měličervené.Publikumsetakproměnilovbíločervenoupolskouvlajku. Nevěděla jsem,pročsetakděje,protože jsemneznalaudálost,kterávedlakevznikupísně.S postupemčasujsemsedovídala iopozadídalšíchskladeb,cožměvedloknapsání tétopráce. Myslímsi,žespousta lidíomožném podtextutvorbyU2neví anedokáží siobsahpísníspojit sezpěvákovými politickýmiaktivitami. Chtěla bychzdetaké poděkovatvedoucímumé prácePhDr.AlešiOpekarovi,CSc.za ochotupomociahlavně zatrpělivost. 1 ÚVOD Vdobě,kdyvpoprockovéhudbě převládá tendencektvorběkratšíchskladeba písně muzikantůzpravidlanepřesáhnoutři a půlminuty,žije člověk,kterývěří,žeistímtomálem můžeoslovitdavylidí.PaulDavidHewsonalias BonoVoxjiž přestřicet let promlouvá vpísníchkveřejnosti,kteráhoposlouchá.Zlidístrachnemá,jerádvespolečnosti,rád komunikuje.Podařilose mustrhnout bariérymezi publikema jevištěma posvětěse pohybuje bezochranky.Nevadímu,kdyžnanějnezbude místovrestauraci.Lidésehonebojí naulici oslovit.Říká,že je tuprolidi,abyhopoužili.JakosvéazylyvnímávíruvBohaarodinné zázemívDublinu.SBohemspojujevětšinusvýchkroků. „ MámnaBohamnohootázeko vesmíru. Máme si covysvětlovat,nejen jájemu, aleionmně.(směje se) Určitěbude mít lepší vysvětlenínež jáprosvoje špatnýchování.“ (Assayas2006,s.251) Je bohatýa uvědomujesito.Říká: „Dokážu žít navysokénoze,dokážuale žíti skromně.Tojenmezi tím mi tomocnejde.“ (Assayas2006,s.50) Svouláskuklidemdávánajevonejennakoncertech,kterýkaždýbere,jakobybyl poslední,alei prostřednictvímcharity.OznačilsezaadvokátaAfrikya propagujekampaňza zrušenídluhůzemímtřetíhosvětaa přílivpeněz přímodotamníhozdravotnictvíavzdělání. PodlenějzápadnísvětstálenebereAfričanyjakosoběrovné,cožsemusízměnit. „V Africe denněbezdůvodněumírá6500naAIDS,nemoc,které sedápředcházetalze jidojisté míry léčit.Tyteď zastupuju. Anionimě otonežádali. Jetodost drzý,ale jádoufám, že jsourádi ažev Božímřádu jsouonitinejdůležitější. […]“ (Assayas 2006,s.152) SámnavštívilAfrikuněkolikrát,jeznalýproblémů,jakoje nedostateklékůa pitné vodya snažísenanězápadupozorňovat.Protozasedák jednáníms politiky,ikdyžsámsebe by radějividěl jakorockovouhvězdustransparentemuvrat.Vrátilsezpětdoškoly,kde studovalmatematikuaekonomii,abyudrželkroksfinančníky.Snažíse býtstále informovaný,čtezprávySvětové banky,absolvujerůznéseminářeavyznásevprotokolech. Při jednáníchseopíráosvéargumenty,neoslávu.Svouroli berevážně,ale jednímdechem dodává,že byserockovýmhvězdám nemělovšechnověřit.Občaskvůlisvýmnázorům riskovali rozpadskupiny,protoženevšichničlenové bylivždyz jehopočínánínadšeni.Vždy věřívúspěch,jeoptimista. Dásetedyopravduhovořitovýjimce mezicelebritami,které se jinaksvýmkladným postojemkcharitěsnaží zalíbit publiku?Jeotázkou,jestli byjehonázoryvšichni poslouchali avěřili jim jakoteď,kdybynebylslavný.Pročsevlastnězačalcharitativníčinnostízabývat? Jakvidísvouroli?Vmé prácise budusnažitnajítodpovědiskrzeBonůvživotatexty.Pro osvětlenízdrojůa inspirací jehotextovétvorbyjsemvybraladeset písní,ukterýchmimojiné upozornímnaspolečenskéa politickéudálosti,snimiž jsouspjaty.Hudebníanalýzy vybranýchskladeb jsoupropojenys obsahovouanalýzoujejichtextovésložky.Textyjsou přepsánypřímozCD bookletů,abychsevyvarovalakomoleníslov,které seobjevujív přepisechkolujícíchnapř.nainternetu.Překladproveduna pozadíznalostiokolností a podnětůvznikujednotlivýchskladeb.Promonografickouianalytickoučást jsemvyužila dostupnýživotopis(Wall2005).Bohuželse tatoknihaukázala jakoneúplnědostačující. Autorsice rozdělilBonůvživotdoetap,alevrámcitěchtokapitolse přesouvávčase.Protoje těžkévknizedohledávatinformaceakvůlidlouhýmvloženým pasážímčtenář zachvíliztrácí orientaci.Prodoplněníseukázalybýtvyhovující knižní rozhovory(Assayas2006)a internetové odkazy,které jsouzaměřenyna politickouasociologickoustránkuBonovaživota atvorby.KnihaU2Dáladál:Duchovnícesta(Stockman2006)mi pomohlalépevnímat stránkupísníspojenous náboženskoutematikou.Vneposlednířaděse promnestaly důležitýmzdrojeminformacíčetnéčasopiseckéanovinovéčlánky,které dokumentují událostispojenéseskupinouvposledníchletech. 2 KDO JE BONO VOX? „Jsemčlověkzkapely, pisálek, cokouřídoutníky, pijevínoačte Bibli.Vejtaha (směje se) ,kterejrádmalujeobrazy toho,conemůževidět. Manžel,táta, přítelchudýcha občasibohatých. Aktivista,obchodnícestující smyšlenkami. Šachista, rockováhvězdana půlúvazku,operní zpěvákvténejhlasitější lidovékapelenasvětě.Coty nato?“ (Assayas 2006,s.50) PaulDavidHewson BonoVox,vlastním jménemPaul DavidHewson,senarodilvhlavním městěIrska – Dublinu10.května1960.VyrůstalvečtvrtiBallymun,kam se pojehonarozenírodina přestěhovala.Ačse jednaloopředměstí,prostředí bylodrsné,plnéřádícíchgangůa šedivých věžákůSevenTowers,kterénechala stavětirská vládavesnazesoupeřitsBrity.Lásku khudbězdědil pravděpodobně posvémotciBobbym.Propoštovníhoúředníkahudba představovalaúnikpředstereotypem.MatkaIris pracovala jakoúčetnív malé pletařskéfirmě. Rodičůmse vroce1952narodil prvnísynNormanaoosmlet pozdějidruhorozenýPaul. Rodinanetrpělamateriálnínouzí,alefakt,žemanželstvíHewsonovýchbylonábožensky smíšené(Bobbybylkatolík,Iris protestantka),ztěžoval jejichdětemživot.Všedesátých letechvIrskupředstavovala příslušnostkcírkvi zásadníotázku.Jednaloseažonáboženský fanatismus. Paulodmaličkanevěděl,kekterécírkvisevlastněhlásit.Dojížděldoprotestantské základníškolyAnsevinNationalSchool.Byldítětem,kterésedožadovalopozornosti všemožnýmizpůsoby.Prvníhudební zážitkyzískal,podle jehoslov,vosmiletech,kdy sledoval pořadTopofthePops.Poslouchal,cosedalo,skupinuFree,The WhoneboJimiho Hendrixe.V jedenácti letechbyl přeřazendoškolysv.Patrika,kamse munikdynepodařilo zapadnout.Většinuškolníhoroku1971/72trávil
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