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THE VASCULAR PLANTS of BRITISH COLUMBIA Part 1

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THE VASCULAR PLANTS of BRITISH COLUMBIA Part 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.................................................................... iv INTRODUCTION ........................................................................... 1 Format................................................................................ 1 Data Base ............................................................................. 3 Taxonomic Concepts .................................................................... 3 GYMNOSPERMS ........................................................................... 4 DICOTYLEDONS (ACERACEAE THROUGH CUCURBITACEAE) ................................ 9 REFERENCES............................................................................. 165 EXCLUDED SPECIES ...................................................................... 181 INDEX .................................................................................... 188 SEQ 5601 JOB FLORA4-000-009 PAGE-0001 CAMPANULACEAE REVISED 19JUL00 AT 15:32 BY BC DEPTH: 65 PICAS WIDTH 44 PICAS COLOR LEVEL 1 Campanulaceae CAMPANULA 1. Plants usually over 5 dm tall; stems leafy; flowers in a terminal cluster; introduced species. 2. Plants biennials, hispid-hairy; calyx with a conspicuous appendage at each sinus; corollas large, usually 3.5-5 cm long ......................................................... C. medium 2. Plants perennials, glabrous or sparsely pubescent; calyx without appendages; corollas smaller, usually 2-3.5 cm long. 3. Leaves linear to linear-lanceolate, finely crenate, the lower stem leaves subsessile . .................................................................... C. persicifolia 3. Leaves lanceolate to ovate, irregularly serrate, the lower stem leaves petiolate . .. ......................................................... C. rapunculoides 1. Plants smaller (except some forms of C. rotundifolia); stems mainly basal; flowers solitary or in loose clusters; plants native. 4. Corollas 15-35 mm long. 5. Calyx tubes glabrous; sepals entire ....................................... C. rotundifolia 5. Calyx tubes pubescent; sepals laciniate .................................... C. lasiocarpa 4. Corollas 2-18 mm long. 6. Flowers usually several in loose clusters ..................................... C. scouleri 6. Flowers solitary. 7. Styles exserted from the corolla; corolla lobes spreading or recurved, equalling or longer than the tube ................................................................ C. aurita 7. Styles shorter than or equalling the corolla; corolla lobes erect to ascending, usually shorter than the tube .......................................................... C. uniflora Campanula aurita Greene Alaskan harebell, or Yukon bellflower Habitat/Range: Mesic to dry meadows, forests and rock outcrops in the montane and subalpine zones; frequent in extreme NE BC; N to AK, YT and NT. Campanula lasiocarpa Cham. Mountain harebell Habitat/Range: Moist to mesic forests, meadows and rocky slopes from the montane to subalpine zones; common N of 52°N; amphiberingian, N to AK, YT, and NT, E to W AB and S to N WA. Campanula medium L. Canterbury-bells Habitat/Range: Mesic sites in the lowland zone; rare garden escape, known only from Nanaimo area and Alert Bay; introduced from Europe. Campanula persicifolia L. Peach-leaved bellflower Habitat/Range: Disturbed sites; rare garden escape, known from Nanaimo area and Alert Bay; introduced from Eurasia. Campanula rapunculoides L. Creeping bellflower Habitat/Range: Disturbed sites in the lowland and lower montane zones; rare garden escape, scattered across extreme S BC; introduced from Eurasia. 131 SEQ 5602 JOB FLORA4-000-009 PAGE-0002 CAMPANULACEAE REVISED 19JUL00 AT 15:32 BY BC DEPTH: 65 PICAS WIDTH 40 PICAS COLOR LEVEL 1 Campanulaceae Campanula rotundifolia L. (C. alaskana [A. Gray] Wight in J.P. Anders. and C. latisepala Hult. = var. alaskana) Common harebell, or bluebells of Scotland Habitat/Range: Moist to dry sites in all vegetation zones; common throughout BC, var. alaskana replacing var. rotundifolia along all but the southern coast; circumboreal, N to AK, YT and NT, E to NF and S to TX, NM and N CA. Notes: There is little evidence to suggest that C. alaskana is anything other than a coastal race of the highly variable C. rotundifolia. In fact, many taxonomists (e.g., Shetler 1963, Welsh 1974, Scoggan 1979, etc.), do not recognize any infraspecific taxa within this species. Two varieties are recognized for BC. 1. Cauline leaves narrowly to broadly ovate, flowers usually solitary ..... var. alaskana A. Gray 1. Cauline leaves linear to linear-lanceolate, flowers usually two or more ....... var. rotundifolia Campanula scouleri Hook. ex A. DC. Scouler's harebell Habitat/Range: Mesic to dry forests, rock outcrops and talus slopes in the lowland zone; locally common on Vancouver Island and the Gulf Islands; N to SE AK and S to N CA. Campanula uniflora L. Arctic harebell Habitat/Range: Mesic to dry meadows and ridges in the montane to alpine zones; infrequent and scattered throughout BC east of the Coast-Cascade Mountains; circumboreal, N to AK, YT and NT, E to PQ, and S to CO. DOWNINGIA Downingia elegans (Dougl. in Lindl.) Torr. Common downingia Habitat/Range: Wet meadows and ponds in the steppe vegetation and lower montane zones; rare in SE BC, known only from Creston; S to NV and N CA. GITHOPSIS Githopsis specularioides Nutt. Common bluecup Habitat/Range: Seepage areas in the lowland zone; rare on S Vancouver Island; S to CA. HETEROCODON Heterocodon rariflorum Nutt. Heterocodon Habitat/Range: Moist sites in the lowland and lower montane zones; rare on S Vancouver Island and SE BC; S to WY, NV and CA. LEGOUSIA Legousia perfoliata (L.) Britt. (Specularia perfoliata [L.] A. DC., Triodanis perfoliata [L.] Nieuwl.) Venus' looking-glass Habitat/Range: Dry open forests and disturbed sites in the lowland and lower montane zones; infrequent in S BC; E to PQ and S to FL, TX, NM and CA. 132 SEQ 5603 JOB FLORA4-001-008 PAGE-0001 LEGOUSIA REVISED 19JUL00 AT 15:32 BY BC DEPTH: 67 PICAS WIDTH 44 PICAS COLOR LEVEL 1 Campanulaceae/Cannabaceae/Capparidaceae/Caprifoliaceae LOBELIA 1. Plants scapose ................................................................. L. dortmanna 1. Plants leafy-stemmed. 2. Leaves entire to obscurely toothed; flowers blue with a large white eye ............... L. kalmii 2. Leaves conspicuously toothed; flowers whitish to pinkish or pale violet ................ L. inflata Lobelia dortmanna L. Water lobelia Habitat/Range: Shallow, sandy or gravelly lake and pond margins in the lowland zone; locally common in coastal SW BC; E to NF and S to PA and N OR, also in NW Europe. Lobelia inflata L. Indian-tobacco Habitat/Range: Roadsides and disturbed areas in the lower montane zone; rare, known only from the lower Fraser Valley area; introduced from E North America. Lobelia kalmii L. Kalm's lobelia Habitat/Range: Wet to moist sites in the montane zone; frequent in SE and N BC; E to NF and S to PA, SD, MT and WA. CANNABACEAE HUMULUS Humulus lupulus L. Common hop Habitat/Range: Ditches and disturbed areas in the lowland zone; rare agricultural escape in the lower Fraser Valley; possibly introduced from Europe or elsewhere in North America. CAPPARIDACEAE CLEOME Cleome serrulata Pursh Stinking-clover, spider-flower, or Rocky Mountain bee-plant Habitat/Range: Moist to mesic sandy sites and waste places in the steppe vegetation and lower montane zones; rare in SC and SE BC; E to MN and S to IL, NM and CA. CAPRIFOLIACEAE 1. Leaves pinnately compound ........................................................ Sambucus 1. Leaves simple. 2. Stems extensively creeping, slender ............................................... Linnaea 2. Stems erect or climbing, stout. 3. Leaves toothed ............................................................. Viburnum 133 SEQ 5604 JOB FLORA4-001-008 PAGE-0002 LEGOUSIA REVISED 19JUL00 AT 15:32 BY BC DEPTH: 67 PICAS WIDTH 40 PICAS COLOR LEVEL 1 Caprifoliaceae 3. Leaves entire or sometimes slightly lobed or undulate. 4. Corollas regular or nearly so, campanulate; fruits a 2-seeded white drupe . ............................................................... Symphoricarpos 4. Corollas irregular, funnelform to tubular; fruits a several-seeded berry ......... Lonicera LINNAEA Linnaea borealis L. (L. borealis ssp. americana [Forbes] Hult. and L. borealis var. americana [Forbes] Rehd. = ssp. longiflora) Twinflower Habitat/Range: Mesic forests in the lowland and montane zones; ssp. longiflora common throughout BC; ssp. borealis rare in extreme NW BC; circumboreal, N to AK (ssp. borealis), N to YT and NT, E to NF and S to IN, NM and CA (ssp. longiflora). Notes: Two subspecies occur in BC. 1. Corollas 9-11 mm long, narrowly campanulate, flaring from within the calyx, tubes very short or sometimes absent ........................................................ ssp. borealis 1. Corollas 10-16 mm long, funnelform, the tubes about equaling or surpassing the calyx . ...................................................... ssp. longiflora (Torr.) Hult. LONICERA 1. Flowers in pairs (appearing united in L. caerulea) on axillary peduncles; leaves distinct; plants more or less erect shrubs. 2. Involucral bracts 4, relatively large, broad and foliaceous; ovaries and fruits wholly distinct . .................................................................. L. involucrata 2. Involucral bracts 2, small, linear to lance-oblong; ovaries and fruits wholly or partly united. 3. Ovaries and fruits wholly united; corolla lobes about as long
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