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Democracy and Values Democracy and Values A Global Ethics Network Conference Philanthropy and Positive Change 2016 Change and Positive Philanthropy In partnership with Athens, Greece April 25, 2015 GLOBAL THINKERS FORUM 2015 In Partnership with CONTENTS • Interview with Lucian J. Hudson, Director of Communications, The Open • Introductory Article, Elizabeth Filippouli, University & GTF Advisory Board Member Founder & CEO, Global Thinkers Forum • Democracy: A Continuous Idea and • Interview with Joel H. Rosenthal, Process by Rodi Kratsa, President, Carnegie Council President, Institute for Democracy Konstantinos Karamanlis, former MEP • Challenges for Democratic Leadership by Dr. Bartolomiej E. Nowak, • Strengthening Democratic Accountability Global Ethics Fellow, Carnegie Council by Kei Hiruta, Global Ethics Fellow, Carnegie Council • Interview with Ananya Vajpeyi, Global Ethics Fellow, Carnegie Council • Interview with Roger Hayes, Senior Counsellor, APCO Worldwide & GTF • A Kite Runner Approach to Understanding Advisory Board Member Corruption by Devin T. Stewart, Senior Program Director & Senior Fellow, • All-Inclusive Entrepreneurship is a Carnegie Council Democratic Value by Olga Stavropoulou-Salamouri, • Interview with Areti Georgili, President & Managing Partner, Militos Founder Free Thinking Zone Emerging Technologies & Services; and • Business & Ethics: What is It All About? by Kyriakos Lingas, Michael Economakis, Knowledge Manager & Researcher, Militos Executive Vice Chairman, A.G. Leventis Emerging Technologies & Services Group, Plc. & GTF Advisory Board Member • Confusion and Contradiction at the UK • Ethical Leadership: Doing Good or Doing Electorate by Gary Horsley, Well? by Diane Erdei, GTF Advisory Board Member Vice President, Transformation Management, • Crisis, Financial Markets And Psychology Bertelsmann & GTF Advisory Board Member by Professor Nikolaos Philippas • Interview with George Mavrelis, • Agenda GTF Advisory Board Member • Speakers’ Bios • An Approach to Responsible Leadership by Konstantina Karydi, • GTF Advisory Board & Global Growth Advisor & Head of the Athens Europe Direct Board Centre, Athens Mayor’s Office • GTF Executive Team • Interview with Jocelyne Cesari, Global Ethics Fellow, Carnegie Council Under the auspices of • Ethical Leadership: Doing Good Or Doing Well? by Epaminondas Farmakis, Managing Director, Solidarity Now Greece • Cultural Rights: The New Human Rights Frontier? by Helle Porsdam, Global Ethics Fellow, Carnegie Council We are grateful to: For Venue Concession: Media Sponsors "Teach a man to be a good citizen and you have solved the problem of life." Andrew Carnegie 1835-1919 ARTICLE By Elizabeth Filippouli Founder & CEO, Global Thinkers Forum TIME FOR GREEKS TO DEVELOP A SHARED-VALUES CULTURE believe in people who think for A significant variation across cultures is the common good. I admire soci- in cultural complexity. Let’s think about I eties who care for future genera- the distinction between the human groups tions. I respect those leaders who that existed in the world up to about dedicate their lives to serving their people. 15,000 years ago and the life of a major And I think that one of the main reasons metropolitan city in our day (Harry C. why Greece has found itself today in such Triandis, 1989). Based on archaeologi- a political, social, economic and moral cal evidence, the groups rarely consisted free-for-all is the fact that for decades the of more than 30 persons. The number of country has lacked two critical elements: relationships among 30 individuals is rel- collective values and servant leaders with atively small; the number of relationships long-term vision. These two elements are in a major metropolitan city is potentially the pillars that can support and stabilize almost unlimited. The number of potential any prospering society. If they are not relationships is one measure of cultural there, this society is in serious danger. complexity. When we talk about collective values, it all One of the outcomes of amplified complex- comes down to whether people´s self-image ity is that individuals have more and more is defined in terms of “I” or “We”. In Individ- potential in-groups toward whom they may ualist societies people are supposed to look or may not be loyal. As the number of po- after themselves and their direct family only. tential in-groups increases, the dedication In Collectivist societies people belong to a of individuals to any one in-group dimin- wider ‘group’ that unites them under com- ishes. Individuals have the choice of giving mon values that relate to history and culture priority to their personal objectives rather while they are also universal in nature. than to the goals of an in-group. Addition- ally, the greater the affluence of a society, Culture is to society what memory is to the the more financial independence can be individual. It specifies patterns for existing turned into social and emotional indepen- that have proven effective in the past, ways dence, with the person giving away priority of coping with social situations, and ways to personal rather than in-group goals. As to determine the self and social behavior a result, as societies become more complex that have been reinforced in the past. It and wealthy, they also can become more consists of systems of symbols that enable individualistic. interaction, rules of the game of life that have been shown to "work" previously. Individualists give priority to personal When a person is socialized in a particular goals over the objectives of collectives; culture, the person can use custom as an collectivists either make no distinctions alternative for thought and save time. between personal and collective goals, or 5 if they do make such distinctions, they value, respect for constitutional norms, subordinate their personal goals to the protection of human rights, responsive- collective goals. ness to public opinion, social and economic leveling and, of course, “freedom” have all Further to subordinating personal to col- been associated with this form of political lective goals, collectivists tend to be con- domination. All these features are contin- cerned about the outcomes of their ac- gent and vulnerable if citizens cannot reli- tions on members of their in-groups, are ably hold their rulers accountable for the inclined to share resources with in-group actions that they take in the public sphere. members, feel interdependent with in- I hope that this international conversation group members, and become involved in between some of the world’s most brilliant the lives of in-group members. academics will be the beginning of an on- going conversation that will create new The world can be divided in many ways thinking around leadership, ethics and ac- – rich and poor, democratic and authori- countability. Undoubtedly one of the main tarian, advanced and emerging – but one challenges that thought leaders need to re- of the most outstanding is the divide be- solve is that of a very large global economy tween the societies with an individualist and the very limited capacity of traditional mentality and the ones with a collectivist governments and their international insti- mentality. tutions to govern this economy. This asym- metry can only lead to failing governance This is a divide that goes deeper than eco- and often the absence of good governance nomics into the way people perceive the has been one of the biggest obstacles for world. If you show an American a picture its progress. In this reality, repositioning of a fish tank, the American will usually the role of leaders is the key for progress describe the biggest fish in the tank and and sustainable development. what it is doing. If you ask a Chinese per- son to describe a fish tank, the Chinese will As Global Thinkers Forum we are extremely usually describe the context in which the proud and honoured to partner with Carn- fish swim. These types of experiments have egie Council for this very important event been done time and again, and the results and I would like to personally congratulate reveal the same underlying pattern. Amer- the President of Carnegie Council Joel H. icans usually see individuals; Chinese and Rosenthal for their exceptional work for other Asians see contexts. global impact, the Mayor of Athens Mr. Yiorgos Kaminis for embracing this vision- Accountability is one of democracy’s most ary initiative, and Solidarity Now for their important components. Citizen participa- continued support. We are looking forward tion, political equality, civic consciousness, to maintaining this collaboration—and self-actualization, decent treatment by growing it—in the years to come. authorities, sense of individual political 6 INTERVIEW Joel H. Rosenthal President, Carnegie Council RESPONSIBLE LEADERSHIP OFTEN DEMANDS MORE THAN JUST A YES OR NO ANSWER How do you define responsible leadership? er. Platitudes and high moral rhetoric tend to obscure more than clarify. The most important element is account- ability. A responsible leader is mindful of Do you think that democracy is a system three sets of interests: her own, her con- that can work for all? stituents, and those affected by her deci- sions. She is accountable to all. Yes, but it is important to note that de- mocracy is a broad concept. There is no A responsible leader self-evaluates. She “one size fits all” answer. There are many asks at regular intervals: Am I living up elections happening in the world today to my own standard? A responsible lead- but the results do not always equate with er also takes into account the interests the virtues we commonly associate with of those who put her in power. Finally, a democracy. These virtues are, essentially, responsible leader cares about everyone the rights we are familiar with from inter- she affects – not just those to whom she national declarations: freedom of religion, reports. freedom of expression, freedom of associ- ation, etc. When we talk about ethics what meaning does it have for you and how do ethical For those of us observing from the com- practices manifest? forts of liberal societies, we face a choice.
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