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Volume 148

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David Cline Editor

Sources and Detection of Dark and in the Universe

Proceedings of the 10th UCLA Symposium on Sources and Detection of and Dark Energy in the Universe, February 22-24, 2012, Marina del Rey, California Editor David Cline UCLA Physics & Astronomy Los Angeles , USA

ISSN 0930-8989 ISSN 1867-4941 (electronic) ISBN 978-94-007-7240-3 ISBN 978-94-007-7241-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-7241-0 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg New York London

Library of Congress Control Number: 2013955385

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Part I Theoretical Precision: Cosmology and Dark Matter

1 Radiative Natural Supersymmetry with Mixed /Higgsino ...... 3 Howard Baer 2 Finite Temperature Density Profi le in SFDM ...... 17 Victor H. Robles and T. Matos 3 An Argument for Axion Dark Matter ...... 25 Pierre Sikivie 4 Supersymmetric Dark Matter at XENON100 and the LHC: No-Scale F -SU(5) Stringy Correlations ...... 31 Tianjun Li, James A. Maxin, Dimitri V. Nanopoulos, and Joel W. Walker 5 Approaches on Self-Gravitating Bose-Einstein Condensates ...... 39 L. Arturo Ureña-López 6 Search for Turbulent Gas Through Interstellar Scintillation ...... 45 M. Moniez, R. Ansari, F. Habibi, and S. Rahvar

Part II Search for Dark Matter – LHC, CMB, Fermi LAT

7 Light Sneutrino Dark Matter in the NMSSM ...... 53 David G. Cerdeño, Ji-Haeng Huh, Miguel Peiró, and Osamu Seto 8 The Missing Energy Events at the LHC and Implications for Dark Matter Search ...... 59 Valery P. Andreev 9 Where Is SUSY? ...... 63 Wim de Boer

v vi Contents

10 Bounds on Dark Matter from CMB Observations ...... 67 Aravind Natarajan 11 Searches for Galactic Dark Matter Substructure with the Fermi LAT ...... 73 Alex Drlica-Wagner

Part III Current Search Results and New Detectors

12 Dark Matter Annual Modulation Results by DAMA/LIBRA ...... 79 R. Bernabei, P. Belli, F. Cappella, V. Caracciolo, R. Cerulli, C.J. Dai, A. d’Angelo, A. Di Marco, H.L. He, A. Incicchitti, X.H. Ma, F. Montecchia, X.D. Sheng, R.G. Wang, and Z.P. Ye

13 The XENON100 Detector ...... 87 Paul Scovell

14 The XENON1T Dark Matter Search Experiment ...... 93 Elena Aprile 15 The SuperCDMS Experimental Program ...... 97 Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano 16 The Search for Antideuterons with Gaps ...... 105 Ph. von Doetinchem 17 Fits to Light WIMPs ...... 111 Graciela Gelmini 18 Directional Detection of Galactic Dark Matter ...... 117 F. Mayet, J. Billard, and D. Santos 19 Simulation of Cosmogenic and Radioactive Backgrounds for the CoGeNT Detector ...... 123 M.S. Kos 20 The Status of the Search for Low Mass WIMPs: 2012 ...... 129 David B. Cline List of Talks from Dark Matter 2012

Joel Primack (UC Santa Cruz) – Λ CDM – triumphs and tribulations Elliott Bloom (SLAC) – Using the Fermi large area telescope to search for dark matter via indirect detection: an overview Rick Gaitskell (Brown) – Overview of experimental direct dark matter search Stefan Schael (RWTH Aachen Univ.): Status of the AMS-02 experiment on the ISS (23.4 MB) Paolo Gondolo (Univ. of Utah) – Theory of low mass WIMPs (Univ. of Michigan) – Dark stars Lisa Randall (Harvard) – New models of dark matter Mirko Boezio (INFN Trieste) – Dark matter indirect search in fi ve years of PAMELA in orbit Neelima Sehgal (Princeton) – Understanding dark energy using the cosmic micro- wave background Etienne Pointecouteau (IRAP) – Constraints on dark matter from the mass distribu- tion in clusters of galaxies Gregory Tarlé (Univ. of Michigan) – Big Spectroscopic Survey (BigBOSS) Doug Spolyar (FNAL) – An overview of dark stars Chris Burns (Carnegie Observatories) – Using type Ia supernovae to shed light on dark energy Aaron Roodman (SLAC) – Review of the Dark Energy Survey Ina Sarcevic (Univ. of Arizona) – Limits on self-interacting dark matter Carsten Rott (Ohio State Univ/CCAPP) – New approaches in dark matter searches with neutrino telescopes Amol Upadhye (ANL) – How dark is dark energy? The Gamme V-CHASE search for photon - coupled chameleon dark energy Jeremy Mardon (Stanford) – Direct detection of MeV to GeV mass dark matter Chung Kao (Univ. of Oklahoma) – Implications of LHC Higgs searches for the dark matter Tonatiuh Matos (Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN) – The status of the scalar fi eld dark matter model

vii viii List of Talks from Dark Matter 2012

Marc Moniez (Laboratoire de l’accelerateur lineaire, Universite d’Orsay) – Search for turbulent hidden gas through interstellar scintillation Marieangela Lisanti (Princeton) – Direct detection of dark matter debris fl ows Luis Urena (Univ. of Guanajuato) – Galaxy halos from cosmological Bose- Einstein condensates Josef Pradler (Perimeter Institute) – Statistical tests of noise and harmony in dark matter modulation signals Valeri Andreev (UCLA) – The search for missing energy events at the LHC and implications for dark matter search (Atlas and CMS) Dimitri Nanopoulos ( A/&M University) – The race for supersymmetric dark matter at XENON 100 and the LHC – stringy correlations from no-scale F-SU(5) Osamu Seto (Hokkai-Gakuen University) – Light sneutrino dark matter in the NMSSM Howard Baer (Univ. of Oklahoma) – Mixed axion/LSP dark matter Ian Shoemaker (LANL) – Unitarity and monojet bounds on models of dark matter Wim de Boer (Karlsruhe Inst. of Technology) – LHC and direct dark matter detection Mani Tripathi (UC Davis) – Recent results from a search for dark matter pro- duction in the CMS experiment Rosemary Wyse (Johns Hopkins) – How massive are the least massive galaxies? Matthew Walker (Harvard) – Dwarf galaxies as tests of cold dark matter Alexander Kusenko (UCLA) – Dark matter and neutrino masses George Fuller (UC San Diego) – Sterile neutrinos – dilution, , BBN, and dark matter Aravind Natarajan (Carnegie Mellon Univ.) – Bounds on dark matter from CMB observations Annika Peter (UC Irvine) – Galactic archaeology with direct-detection experiments Miguel A. Sanchez-Conde (KIPAC/SLAC) – Nearby dwarf galaxies, local gal- axy clusters and the role of halo substructure Ami Katz (Boston Univ.) – Model-independent framework for analyzing direct detection experiments Pierre Sikivie (Univ. of Florida) – Bose-Einstein condensation of dark matter Philip von Doetinchem (UC Berkeley) – The search for anti-deuterons with GAPS Gianpaolo Carosi (LLNL) – Hunting the dark matter axion (and other exotic crea- tures) with the ADMX experiment Savvas M. Koushiappas (Brown Univ.) – Exclusion of canonical WIMPs using a joint analysis of Fermi-LAT data from dwarf galaxies Alex Drlica-Wagner (Stanford) – Search for dark matter substructure with the Fermi-LAT Simona Murgia (SLAC) – Galactic Center measurements with Fermi Miguel A. Sanchez-Conde (KIPAC/SLAC) – The Fermi/LAT Extragalactic dif- fuse background and its dark matter interpretation Pat Scott (McGill Univ.) – Probing the early universe and infl ation with indirect detection Graciela Gelmini (UCLA) – Fits to light WIMPs Kfi r Blum (IAS) – DAMA vs. the annually modulated muon background List of Talks from Dark Matter 2012 ix

Pierluigi Belli (INFN) – Dark matter annual modulation results by DAMA/LIBRA Juan Collar (Univ. of Chicago) – CoGeNT Jean-Come Lanfranchi (Technical University, Munich) – CRESST Neil Weiner (New York Univ.) – WIMP signals and limits without Dan Hooper (FNAL) – Indirect evidence for light WIMPs Jennifer Siegal-Gaskins (Caltech) – Constraints on dark matter models from a Fermi LAT search for cosmic-ray electrons from the Sun Henrique Araujo (Imperial College, London) – Final results from ZEPLIN-III Paul Scovell (UCLA) – XENON100 G. Adam Cox (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) – The EDELWEISS DM search from phase 2 to phase 3 Reina Maruyama (Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison) – DM-Ice: status and update Christopher Savage (Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm University) – Global SUSY fi ts with IceCube Bruno Serfass (UC Berkeley) – Status and recent results of the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) experiment Chris Kelso (Univ. of Chicago) – Toward a consistent picture for CRESST, CoGeNT, and DAMA Marek Kos (Pacifi c Northwest National Laboratory) – Simulation of cosmogenic and radioactive backgrounds for the CoGeNT Elena Aprile (Columbia) – XENON1T Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano (MIT) – The SuperCDMS experimental program Ethan Bernard (Yale Univ.) – The LUX dark matter detector Jeter Hall (FNAL) – COUPP updates Andrew Hime (LANL) – CLEAN detection of dark matter Frank Calaprice (Princeton Univ.) – Underground – a new resource for dark matter research Luca Grandi (Princeton) – The DARKSIDE of dark matter Maurik Holtrop (Univ. of New Hampshire) – The heavy photon search at JLab Jonghee Yoo () – R and D for a solid Xenon detector Daniel Snowden-Ifft (Occidental) – Spin-dependent limits from DRIFT-IId and plans for scale up Katsushi Arisaka (UCLA) – MAX Frederic Mayet (LPSC Grenoble) – Directional detection of galactic dark matter Gregory Tarlé (Univ. of Michigan) – PandaX, a LXe dark matter detector at the Jinping Underground Lab Jocelyn Monroe (MIT) – DMTPC directional dark matter experiment David Nygren (LBNL, for the NEXT Collaboration) – Simultaneous searches for WIMP dark matter and 0-ν β β decay at the ton-scale with a high-pressure Xenon gas electroluminescent TPC Laura Baudis (Univ. of Zurich) – DARWIN: dark matter WIMP search with noble liquids Bob Jacobsen (UC Berkeley) – The LZ Program Jonghee Yoo (Fermilab) – Dark matter background study using the neutrino beam at Fermilab x List of Talks from Dark Matter 2012

René Laureijs (ESA) – The Euclid mission: mapping the geometry of the dark universe Nigel Smith (SNOLAB) – Developments in deep underground facilities Kevin Lesko (LBNL) – Sanford Underground Research Facility – plans, progress, and prospects List of Attendees at Dark Matter 2012

Amol Upadhye, Dimitri Nanopoulos, Marc Moniez, Valery Andreev, Matthew Walker, John Harton, Matt Williams, Luca Grandi, Jeremy Mardon, Piergiorgio Picozza, Ariel Zhitnitsky, Carsten Rott, Tonatiuh Matos, Daniel Snowden-Ifft, Aaaron Roodman, Jocelyn Monroe, G Adam Cox, Prof Peter F Smith, Dan Hooper, Ethan Bernard, Bob Jacobsen, Jean-Luc Gauvreau, Trudy E. Bell, M.A., Katherine Freese, Rosemary Wyse, Simona Murgia, Marek S. Kos, Gregory Tarlé, Bruno Serfass, Henrique Araujo, Jeter Hall, Jonghee Yoo, Gianpaolo Carosi, Reina Maruyama, Christopher Savage, Frederic Mayet, Ina Sarcevic, Savvas Koushiappas, Dr. Neelima Sehgal, Osamu Seto, Alex Drlica-Wagner, Pierluigi Belli, David Nygren, Annika Peter, Ian Shoemaker, Rene Laureijs, Henrique Araujo, Philip von Doetinchem, Luis Urena, Etienne Pointecouteau, Aravind Natarajan, David O. Caldwell, Lauren Hsu, Robert Lauer, Wlodek Kluzniak, Nigel Smith, Gintaras Duda, Kfi r Blum, Pierre Sikivie, Fabrice Retiere, Prof. Gareth Jones, Paolo Gondolo, Dinesh Loomba, Qian Yue, Eric R. Lee, Michael Crisler, Maurik Holtrop, Elena Aprile, Paul Scovell, Lisa Randall, Miguel A. Sanchez-Conde, Matteo Alfonsi, Stefan Schael, Rafael Lang, Todd Doughty, Al Kenany, Artin Teymourian, Julie Rolla, Elliott Bloom, Danielle H. Speller, Wim de Boer, Richard Partridge, Miguel Daal, Paul Brink, Howard Baer, Chamkaur Ghag, Paolo Beltrame, Artin Teymourian, Kevin Lung, Alex Cahill, Katsushi Arisaka, Anders W. Borgland, Susan Gardner, Bernard Sadoulet, Arran Phipps, Laura Baudis, Andrew Hime, Eric Miller, Miguel A. Sanchez-Conde, Nguyen Phan, Per Carlson, Auke-Pieter Colijn, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, Tarek Saab, Mirko Boezio, Brad Welliver, Christopher Burns, Matt Pyle, John Jaros, David Moore, Durdana Balakishiyeva, Mariangela Lisanti, Joel Primack, Pat Scott, Monica Valluri, Robert Nelson, Brett Cornell, Dan Hooper, Neal Weiner, Hugh Lippincott, Jean-Come Lanfranchi, Jeffrey Filippini, Daniele Alves, Richard Gaitskell, Chung Kao, Carsten Krauss, Josef Pradler, Peter Sorensen, Frank Calaprice, Chis Kelso, George Fuller, Jennifer Siegal-Gaskins, Anthony Spadafora, Douglas Spolyar, Raimund Strauss, Yi Wang, Yixiong Meng, Alden Fan, Hanguo Wang, Juan Collar, Krystal Alfonso, Mani Tripathi, Julien Rousselle, Emilija Pantic, Peter Smith, Kevin Lesko, Graciela Gelmini.

xi

Introduc tion

The Search for the Origin of Dark Matter is considered to be one of the key scientifi c inquiries of our time. Not only does Dark Matter comprise 23 % of the matter in the Universe, it is defi nitely the glue that holds galaxies and galactic clusters together. Naturally, without galaxies, life and human beings would not exist. Methods for the Dark Matter search have greatly expanded from underground detector searches to the LHC and Fermi LAT. In the latter case, the large number of Dwarf Spherical Galaxies slows a stacking of the signals and has now placed signifi cant constraints on low-mass Dark Matter. In February 2012, the Dark Matter Symposium had 150 participants, many of the world’s experts on Dark Matter detection. Since some of the very interesting talks on low-mass WIMPs were not submitted to the proceeding (but these talks are included on the website), I have tried to summarize the results in the last paper of the proceedings, along with some more recent results. This was very much my viewpoint and should not be attributed to the speakers at the meeting. However, the low-mass WIMP regions were so confused that I tried to offer some clarity to the discussion. I apologize to the DAMA, CoGeNT, CDMS, XENON10/100, etc. groups for this attempt. I wish to thank Debra MacLaughlan-Dumes for her excellent help with the meeting.

David Cline

xiii

UCLA Dark Matter 2012 Participants

Name Affi liation Email Matteo Alfonsi Nikhef [email protected] Daniele Alves Fermilab [email protected] Valery Andreev UCLA [email protected] Elena Aprile [email protected] Henrique Araujo Imperial College London [email protected] Katsushi Arisaka UCLA [email protected] Howard Baer University of Oklahoma [email protected] Durdana Balakishiyeva University of Florida [email protected]fl .edu Laura Baudis University of Zurich [email protected] Trudy E. Bell, M.A. UC-HiPACC [email protected] Pierluigi Belli INFN Roma Tor Vergata [email protected] Paolo Beltrame UCLA [email protected] Ethan Bernard [email protected] Elliott Bloom KIPAC-SLAC, Stanford [email protected] University Kfi r Blum IAS Princeton [email protected] Mirko Boezio INFN – Sezione di Trieste [email protected] Anders W. Borgland SLAC National Accelerator [email protected] Laboratory Paul Brink SLAC National Accelerator [email protected] Laboratory Christopher Burns Carnegie Observatories [email protected] Alex Cahill UCLA [email protected] Frank Calaprice [email protected] David O. Caldwell University of California Santa [email protected] Barbara Per Carlson KTH Stockholm [email protected] Gianpaolo Carosi Lawrence Livermore National [email protected] Laboratory Auke-Pieter Colijn Nikhef [email protected] Juan Collar University of Chicago [email protected] (continued)

xv xvi UCLA Dark Matter 2012 Participants

(continued) Name Affi liation Email Brett Cornell Caltech [email protected] G Adam Cox Karlsruhe Institute of Technology [email protected] Michael Crisler Fermilab [email protected] Miguel Daal UC Berkeley [email protected] Wim de Boer Karlsruhe Institute of Technology [email protected] (KIT) Philip von Doetinchem UC Berkeley, Space Sciences Lab [email protected] Alex Drlica- Wagner Stanford-KIPAC-SLAC [email protected] Todd Doughty UC Berkeley [email protected] Gintaras Duda Creighton University [email protected] Alden Fan UCLA Physics and Astronomy [email protected] Enectali MIT [email protected] Figueroa- Feliciano Jeffrey Filippini California Institute of Technology [email protected] Katherine Freese University of Michigan [email protected] George Fuller UC San Diego [email protected] Richard Gaitskell Brown University [email protected] Susan Gardner University of Kentucky [email protected] Jean-Luc Gauvreau Occidental College [email protected] Graciela Gelmini UCLA [email protected] Chamkaur Ghag UCLA [email protected] Paolo Gondolo University of Utah [email protected] Luca Grandi Princeton University [email protected] Jeter Hall Fermilab [email protected] John Harton Colorado State University [email protected] Andrew Hime Los Alamos National Laboratory [email protected] Maurik Holtrop University of New Hampshire [email protected] Dan Hooper Fermilab, University of Chicago [email protected] Lauren Hsu Fermilab [email protected] Bob Jacobsen University of California [email protected] Gareth Jones Imperial College London [email protected] Chung Kao University of Oklahoma [email protected] Chis Kelso University of Chicago/Fermilab [email protected] Al Kenany University of California, Berkeley [email protected] Wlodek Kluzniak Copernicus Astronomical Center [email protected] Marek S. Kos Pacifi c Northwest National [email protected] Laboratory Savvas Koushiappas Brown University [email protected] Carsten Krauss University of Alberta [email protected] Jean-Come Lanfranchi Technical University Munich [email protected] Rafael Lang Purdue University [email protected] Rene Laureijs [email protected] Robert Lauer University of New Mexico [email protected] Kevin Lesko LBL [email protected] Hugh Lippincott Fermilab [email protected] Mariangela Lisanti Princeton Center for Theoretical [email protected] Science (continued) UCLA Dark Matter 2012 Participants xvii

(continued) Name Affi liation Email Dinesh Loomba University of New Mexico [email protected] Kevin Lung UCLA [email protected] Jeremy Mardon [email protected] Reina Maruyama University of Wisconsin-Madison [email protected] Frederic Mayet LPSC Grenoble [email protected] Tonatiuh Matos CINVESTAV tmatos@fi s.cinvestav.mx Yixiong Meng UCLA [email protected] Eric Miller University of New Mexico [email protected] Marc Moniez IN2P3 [email protected] Jocelyn Monroe Royal Holloway University of [email protected] London David Moore Caltech [email protected] Simona Murgia SLAC-KIPAC [email protected] Dimitri Nanopoulos Texas A&M University/Academy [email protected] of Aravind Natarajan Carnegie Mellon University [email protected] Robert Nelson Caltech [email protected] David Nygren LBNL [email protected] Emilija Pantic UCLA [email protected] Richard Partridge SLAC National Accelerator [email protected] Laboratory Annika Peter UC Irvine [email protected] Nguyen Phan University of New Mexico [email protected] Arran Phipps UC Berkeley [email protected] Piergiorgio Picozza University of Rome Tor Vergata [email protected] Etienne Pointecouteau IRAP, CNRS/University of etienne.pointecouteau@irap. Toulouse omp.eu Josef Pradler Perimeter Institute [email protected] Joel Primack UCSC [email protected] Matt Pyle UC Berkeley [email protected] Lisa Randall randall_asst@physics. harvard.edu Fabrice Retiere TRIUMF [email protected] Julie Rolla UC Berkeley [email protected] Aaaron Roodman SLAC National Accelerator [email protected] Laboratory Carsten Rott Ohio State University/CCAPP [email protected] Julien Rousselle UCLA [email protected] Tarek Saab University of Florida tsaab@ufl .edu Bernard Sadoulet UC Berkeley [email protected] Miguel A. Sanchez- Conde KIPAC/SLAC – Stanford [email protected] University Ina Sarcevic University of Arizona [email protected] Christopher Savage Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm [email protected] University Stefan Schael RWTH Aachen University [email protected] Pat Scott McGill University [email protected] (continued) xviii UCLA Dark Matter 2012 Participants

(continued) Name Affi liation Email Paul Scovell UCLA [email protected] Dr. Neelima Sehgal Princeton University [email protected] Bruno Serfass UC Berkeley [email protected] Osamu Seto Hokkai-Gakuen University [email protected] Ian Shoemaker Los Alamos National Laboratory [email protected] Jennifer Siegal- Gaskins Caltech [email protected] Pierre Sikivie University of Florida [email protected]fl .edu Nigel Smith SNOLAB [email protected] Peter F. Smith University of California Los [email protected] Angeles Daniel Snowden-Ifft Occidental College [email protected] Peter Sorensen LLNL [email protected] Anthony Spadafora Lawrence Berkeley National Lab [email protected] Danielle H. Speller University of California, Berkeley [email protected] Douglas Spolyar Fermilab [email protected] Raimund Strauss TU Munich [email protected] Gregory Tarlé University of Michigan [email protected] Artin Teymourian UCLA [email protected] Mani Tripathi UC, Davis [email protected] Amol Upadhye Argonne National Laboratory [email protected] Luis Urena University of Guanajuato [email protected] Matthew Walker Harvard University [email protected] Hanguo Wang UCLA [email protected] Yi Wang University of California, Los [email protected] Angeles Neal Weiner NYU [email protected] Brad Welliver University of Florida [email protected]fl .edu Matt Williams Colorado State University [email protected] Rosemary Wyse Johns Hopkins University [email protected] Jonghee Yoo Fermilab [email protected] Ariel Zhitnitsky University of British Columbia [email protected]