DOCSLIB.ORG

(Alligator Mississippiensis) in North Carolina. (Under the Direction of Drs

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
(Alligator Mississippiensis) in North Carolina. (Under the Direction of Drs ABSTRACT GARNER, LINDSEY AMANDA. Population Status of the American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) in North Carolina. (Under the direction of Drs. Christopher E. Moorman and David T. Cobb). American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) occur throughout the southeastern United States; however, little is known about the current distribution of alligators at the northern extent of their range. To determine the relative abundance and distribution of alligators in North Carolina, we conducted night spot light counts using a 2-phase sampling approach. We focused occupancy surveys over a broad area in 2012, and focused subsequent abundance surveys in areas of high predicted occupancy probability the following year. We fit a series of binomial N-mixture models to estimate site-specific abundance while accounting for imperfect detection of alligators. Null occupancy probability was 0.28 (SE ± 0.05) while null abundance was 0.3025 (SE ± 0.025) alligators/km. Alligator occurrence increased in southern and eastern portions of the study area, and decreased as water salinity increased. Increasing abundance of alligators was related to a decrease in water salinity. Overall, alligators occurred at very low densities or were not present throughout large areas in eastern North Carolina. Their distribution was clumped where individuals were protected due to restricted human access, which was similar to the distribution described from surveys conducted 30 years prior. Changes in population size and structure may occur over decades, and we recommend long-term monitoring to determine population and distribution changes. In North Carolina, there is an increased interest in developing an alligator harvest season, but the potential impact of a harvest on northern populations is unknown. We developed a female-specific stage-structured matrix model of alligator life history at the northern extent of its range to determine the population growth rate (λ). We conducted sensitivity and elasticity analyses to identify the contribution each vital rate made to λ, followed by a life-stage simulation analysis to account for vital rate variance in our model by using hypothesized variation in parameter probability densities. Finally, we assessed the relative sensitivities of λ to various theoretical harvest scenarios on a population of adult and sub-adult female alligators in eastern North Carolina. We determined a population growth rate of 1.0156. Adult female survival had the highest sensitivity and elasticity values, while hatchling survival had the least influence on λ. Because adult female alligator survival has the greatest impact on the population, only minimal total adult alligator population harvest (3%) with a minimal likelihood of adult females taken within that harvest (5%) resulted in a scenario with a median λ greater than 1. Additional data could improve the accuracy and precision of these models, but current available data coupled with harvest data from other states suggests harvest of alligators in North Carolina is not sustainable. © Copyright 2017 Lindsey Amanda Garner All Rights Reserved Population Status of the American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) in North Carolina by Lindsey Amanda Garner A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Raleigh, North Carolina 2017 APPROVED BY: _______________________________ _______________________________ Christopher E. Moorman David T. Cobb Committee Co-Chair Committee Co-Chair _______________________________ Beth Gardner DEDICATION To my parents, for their unwavering support ii BIOGRAPHY Lindsey Garner was born and raised in Roanoke Rapids, North Carolina. She spent her weekends exploring the vast wildernesses of Halifax County in search of largemouth bass, fence lizards, arrowheads, and fossils with her dad. On these adventures she developed a deep appreciation and understanding of all things wild. After the devastation of Hurricane Fran in 1996, Lindsey and her family rescued and raised an orphaned grey squirrel; the tangible experience was a surprisingly profound catalyst for her growing interest in wildlife ecology and animal behavior. Lindsey attended North Carolina State University and received her Bachelors of Science in Zoology in 2009. During this time, she was able to participate in a pivotal internship in the back swamps of Roanoke River National Wildlife Refuge, opening her eyes to a future career in wildlife biology. Afterwards, she worked several seasonal positions in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Florida, where she developed a specific interest in wetland ecology. In 2011, she returned to North Carolina State University to pursue her master’s degree in Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology. Currently, Lindsey is project coordinator of University of Florida’s long-term wading bird monitoring project throughout the Greater Everglades. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would first and foremost like to thank my committee for their guidance, support, and enduring patience throughout this process. This research would not have been possible without funding from the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission and countless personnel who tirelessly completed hundreds of miles of night time surveys in such a small window of time. I’d especially like to thank Tommy Hughes and Robbie Norville of the NCWRC who were instrumental in coordinating alligator survey teams and equipment. Thanks to the staff at Camp Bryan and Mr. Sprunt of Orton Pond for granting permission to access their property, and provide assistance with surveys. Nicolas Flanders, Alex Kumar, Scott Mills, Hardin Waddell, and Adia Sovie provided help with statistical analyses and for that I am forever grateful. I would like to give an especially huge thanks to Brian Smith who was instrumental in helping me conquer that R code. To my entire Croc Docs family in South Florida, as the persistent and invaluable support network needed to finish my degree, thank you. I would also like to thank the spell check function in Microsoft word, because without it, I’d be a master of science who still couldn’t spell “Louisiana.” Thanks to my wonderful indoor cats, for loving me unconditionally, and more importantly, not talking back in my moments of insanity. A special thanks to Nick for his unwavering support and encouragement through the long haul. Finally, I would like to thank my parents, and my sister Jill, for their support, patience, and acceptance of my desire to survey remote swamps at night, in search of apex predators. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................... viii CHAPTER 1: Relative Abundance and Distribution of the American Alligator in North Carolina ..........................................................................1 ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................1 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................2 METHODS .............................................................................................................4 Study Area ...................................................................................................4 Data Collection ............................................................................................6 Analyses .......................................................................................................8 RESULTS .............................................................................................................10 DISCUSSION .......................................................................................................12 MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS ..................................................................15 LITERATURE CITED .......................................................................................16 TABLES AND FIGURES ...................................................................................21 CHAPTER 2: Estimating Population Dynamics and Harvest Potential for the American Alligator Population in North Carolina ............................ 25 ABSTRACT ..........................................................................................................26 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................27 METHODS ...........................................................................................................28 Parameter Estimation ...............................................................................30 Model Development...................................................................................31 Model Structure.........................................................................................32 Model Validation and Parameter Adjustments ........................................34 Potential Management Strategies .............................................................39 RESULTS .............................................................................................................40 DISCUSSION .......................................................................................................42
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Santee National Wildlife Refuge Road 2125 Fort Watson Summerton, South Carolina 29148 803/ 478 2217 U.S
    U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Rogers Road Santee National Taw Caw Refuge Creek Entrance Wildlife Refuge State Potato Migratory Creek Wildlife Drive Bird Information Sanctuary Kiosk Interpretive Guide 12 1 8 2 Woods Road 3 5 2 4 6 7 9 Cuddo West 1 11 Cuddo East North Loop 15 Black Bottom 3 Pond 10 Timber 14 Island Plantation Islands Field (proposed) 4 10 11 9 Wilderness Otter Trail Black 5 Area Bottom South Loop 13 12 8 Alligator Alley Hundred Acre Island Shuler's 6 7 Refuge boundary Round Auto tour route, interpretive markers 1-12 Island Foot access only Boundaries represented Bicycle and foot access only are approximate. Canoe trail, markers 1-15 Goat Cuddo and Area closed to all entry Island West November 1 until March 1 Santee National Wildlife Refuge Road 2125 Fort Watson Summerton, South Carolina 29148 803/ 478 2217 http://fws.gov/santee U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1 800/344 WILD September 2010 1. Santee National Wildlife Refuge 7. Bluebird boxes 10. Wildlife Drive - Otter Trail Starting at The Santee National Wildlife Refuge was established in 1941 Wooden boxes mounted on posts along the To continue down the Wildlife Drive, turn RIGHT at this as a migratory bird sanctuary. The refuge boasts nearly 300 edge of the road are nesting boxes for eastern intersection. the Cuddo bird species recorded on the refuge. Mammal species found bluebirds (Sialia sialis), which nest on the refuge Wildlife on the refuge include white-tailed deer, beaver, river along field and forest edge habitats. Bluebirds 11.
    [Show full text]
  • Alligators and Be Prepared for a REAL Gullible
    Texas Wildlife Association presents.... June 2013 Kid’s Quarterly Mini-Mag! Vol. 7 No. 2 Postcards from Nancy....By Cara Bierschwale Howdy, Partners! “AHH!” he exclaimed. “Bigfoot track!” Grant pointed to Only three miles west of crossing the border into Louisiana, the muddy ground at a large, deep print. It was almost a Grant the Gopher and I are in deep East Texas spending some foot long! My heartbeat raced as I tried to make sense of the time at Caddo Lake State Park in Karnack, Texas. This area is situation. Just then, Grant and I turned around 25,400 acres of lake, wetlands, and beautiful cypress forests towards the sound of something large sliding located right on the border between Texas and Louisiana. and swooshing along the mud behind us. Our Caddo Lake is named for the Caddoans, Native Americans that eyes focused in the dark on some movement lived in the area, and until the early 1900’s this was the only by the reedy bank, and the last thing we saw natural lake in Texas. before sprinting back to camp was something Grant and I came here on a mission: to find evidence of slipping into the dark, rippling water. the legendary Bigfoot. Grant said that there are When we stopped at the same actual reports of Bigfoot sightings around this little store on our way home, Grant Footprints in the mud by Grady Allen lake, and since he believes everything he sees gave the cashier an elaborative on television, he begged me to join him in hopes account of our amateur sighting experience.
    [Show full text]
  • Alligator Awareness
    Brochure_Layout 1 8/4/17 9:52 AM Page 1 (including hunting) their own alligator populations. ties each year as a result of nuisance complaints. hunting season. The initial area open to alligator hunt - Management plans still had to be approved by USFWS However, every nuisance complaint call does not result in ing was a 16.5-mile portion of the Pearl River north of and alligators had to be tagged with a CITES the removal of an alligator. Many alligators are removed the Ross Barnett Reservoir, which is home to the densest (Convention on International Trade in Endangered as a result of being in “out-of-place” locations, such as population of alligators anywhere in Mississippi. In 2013, Species) tag. “TSA” refers to the fact that alligators, or residential ponds or yards, swimming pools, marinas, limited alligator hunting opportunities expanded more specifically alligator hides and parts, are very dif - and highways. statewide, on public waterways. ficult to distinguish from the hides and parts of other Numerous complaints are received because alligators endangered crocodilians such as the American Crocodile have lost their natural fear of humans and human activ - To report a nuisance alligator or persons violat- (Crocodylus acutus) or the Chinese Alligator (Alligator ity. This behavior is usually the result of people purpose - ing alligator regulations call your local MDWFP sinensis). ly or indirectly feeding alligators. Feeding alligators is District Office or 1-800-BE-SMART. illegal in Mississippi, due to obvious concerns and danger The Mississippi Alligator Program that can develop when alligators begin to associate a food North Region Office (662) 563-6222 In the 1960's and 70's, alligators from Louisiana were source with human activity.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Drivers of Spring Alligator Hunting in Texas And
    ANALYSIS OF DRIVERS OF SPRING ALLIGATOR HUNTING IN TEXAS AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS by Elizabeth N. Pratt, B.S. A thesis submitted to the Graduate Council of Texas State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science with a Major in Wildlife Ecology May 2021 Committee Members: Christopher Serenari, Chair Kristy Daniel Joseph Veech COPYRIGHT by Elizabeth N. Pratt 2021 FAIR USE AND AUTHOR’S PERMISSION STATEMENT Fair Use This work is protected by the Copyright Laws of the United States (Public Law 94-553, section 107). Consistent with fair use as defined in the Copyright Laws, brief quotations from this material are allowed with proper acknowledgement. Use of this material for financial gain without the author’s express written permission is not allowed. Duplication Permission As the copyright holder of this work I, Elizabeth N. Pratt, authorize duplication of this work, in whole or in part, for educational or scholarly purposes only. DEDICATION I would like to dedicate this thesis to my mom and dad, Raegan and Aaron, for always being supportive of my dreams and aspirations, as well as moving me halfway across the country to complete this degree. I would also like to dedicate this thesis to Dr. Christopher Serenari for pushing me to always produce my best work. Finally, I would like to dedicate this thesis to the late Steve Irwin who inspired me by fueling my passion and love for alligators from a very young age. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge everyone that made this thesis possible. I would first like to thank Jon Warner from TPWD for working with me and providing the list of potential participants for my study.
    [Show full text]
  • By Aaron Feigenbaum
    by Aaron Feigenbaum 1359_COVER.indd 1 5/21/07 2:46:18 PM [Intentionally Left Blank] by Aaron Feigenbaum Consultant: Laura A. Brandt, Ph.D. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Team Leader, Joint Ecosystem Modeling Lab Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center 1359_Alligators_PDF.indd 1 5/23/07 12:00:58 PM Credits Cover and Title Page, © David Hosking/Alamy; 4, © Thomas McCarver; 5, © William Munoz; 6, © Lynn M. Stone/naturepl.com; 7, © W. Perry Conway/Corbis; 8, © Robert Pickett/Papilio/Alamy; 9, © Martin Woike/FOTO NATURA/Minden Pictures; 10, © Adam White/naturepl.com; 11, © P. Henry/ArcoImages/Peter Arnold, Inc.; 12L, © Lawrence Manning/Corbis; 12R, © W. Perry Conway/Corbis; 13, © The Granger Collection, New York; 14, © Peter Horree/Alamy; 15, © Kevin Fleming/Corbis; 16, © Raymond Gehman/ Corbis; 18, © P. Henry/ArcoImages/Peter Arnold, Inc.; 19, © Thomas McCarver; 20, © Thomas McCarver; 21, © Philip Gould/Corbis; 22, © William Munoz; 23, © AP Images/ The Post & Courier, Wade Spees; 24, © William Munoz; 25, © C.C. Lockwood/Animals Animals-Earth Scenes; 26, © AP Images/J. Pat Carter; 27, © Stan Osolinski/OSF/ Animals Animals-Earth Scenes; 28, © William Munoz; 29T, © Dr. Myrna Watanabe/Peter Arnold, Inc.; 29B, © W. Perry Conway/Corbis; 31, © magmarcz/Shutterstock. Publisher: Kenn Goin Senior Editor: Lisa Wiseman Creative Director: Spencer Brinker Photo Researcher: Amy Dunleavy Cover Design: Dawn Beard Creative Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Feigenbaum, Aaron. American alligators : freshwater survivors / by Aaron Feigenbaum. p. cm. — (America’s animal comebacks) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-1-59716-503-7 (library binding) ISBN-10: 1-59716-503-4 (library binding) 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Coral Bay Indigenous Preserve and Protected Species Management Plan
    CORAL BAY INDIGENOUS PRESERVE AND PROTECTED SPECIES MANAGEMENT PLAN April 2021 Prepared For: D.R. Horton 10541 Six Mile Cypress Parkway Fort Myers, Florida 33966 (239) 225-2631 Prepared By: Passarella & Associates, Inc. 13620 Metropolis Avenue, Suite 200 Fort Myers, Florida 33912 (239) 274-0067 Project No. 20DRH3329 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1 2.0 Existing Indigenous Vegetation Preserve .......................................................................... 1 3.0 Indigenous Vegetation Preservation and Restoration ........................................................ 1 4.0 Methods to Remove and Control Exotic and Nuisance Plants .......................................... 2 5.0 Monitoring Reports ............................................................................................................ 3 6.0 Protected Species Management Plan ................................................................................. 3 6.1 American Alligator Management Plan .................................................................. 3 6.1.1 Biology ....................................................................................................... 4 6.1.2 Management Plan....................................................................................... 4 6.2 Gopher Tortoise Management Plan ....................................................................... 5 6.2.1 Biology ......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Nuisance American Alligators: an Investi- Gation Into Trends and Public Opinion Cord B
    Human–Wildlife Interactions 8(1):5–21, Spring 2014 Nuisance American alligators: an investi- gation into trends and public opinion CORD B. EVERSOLE, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Texas A&M University, 1150 Engi- neering Avenue, MSC 218, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA [email protected] SCOTT E. HENKE, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Texas A&M University, 1150 Engi- neering Avenue, MSC 218, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA JACOB L. OGDEE, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Texas A&M University, 1150 Engi- neering Avenue, MSC 218, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA DAVID B. WESTER, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Texas A&M University, 1150 Engi- neering Avenue, MSC 218, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA AMOS COOPER, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, 10 Parks and Wildlife Drive, Port Arthur, TX 77640, USA Abstract: The population rebound of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis; hereafter, alligator), with the rapid growth of populations throughout its range, has caused an influx of human–alligator conflicts. We quantified 5,838 nuisance alligator reports from 2000 to 2011 to develop more site-specific strategies of management and to determine where management should be focused to minimize the conflict. We also surveyed the general public’s attitude toward and knowledge of alligators (n = 98) as a technique to better understand human dimensions of nuisance alligator management in Texas. Counties that received the largest numbers of nuisance alligator reports were Jefferson (16%), Fort Bend (14%), Matagorda (11%), Brazoria (10%), Harris (7%), Jackson (5%), Orange (5%), Chambers (5%), Calhoun (5%), and Liberty (3%) counties. We found that of the nuisance alligators reported, 45% were male, 18% were female, and 38% were reported as unknown.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluating Behavior and Enclosure Use of Zoo-Housed Broad- Snouted Caiman (Caiman Latirostris): a Case Study in the Zoo of Córdoba (Argentina)
    Herpetological Conservation and Biology 14(3):601–614. Submitted: 1 May 2019; Accepted: 15 October 2019; Published: 16 December 2019. EVALUATING BEHAVIOR AND ENCLOSURE USE OF ZOO-HOUSED BROAD- SNOUTED CAIMAN (CAIMAN LATIROSTRIS): A CASE STUDY IN THE ZOO OF CÓRDOBA (ARGENTINA) LILEN PRYSTUPCZUK1,2, GERARDO C. LEYNAUD1,2, AND M. CARLA LABAQUE3,4,5 1Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas, y Naturales, Centro de Zoología Aplicada. Rondeau 798, Córdoba (5000) Argentina 2Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Diversidad y EcologíaAnimal (IDEA), Rondeau 798, Córdoba, (5000) Argentina 3Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Catedra de Ecología, Avenida Vélez Sársfield 299 (X5000GCA), Córdoba, Argentina 4Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), Avenida Vélez Sársfield 1611 (X5016GCA), Córdoba, Argentina 5Corresponding author, email: [email protected] Abstract.—Zoo environments represent a useful opportunity for animal research, particularly for species that are difficult to observe in the wild. Moreover, studying the behavior of zoo-housed populations provides important information about the welfare state of animals. We described the behaviors of a zoo-housed population of seven Broad-snouted Caimans (Caiman latirostris) composed of males and females of different ages. We evaluated the associations of behavior frequencies with attributes of individuals (sex and age class) and with environmental variables (season, time of the day, and daily mean temperature). We calculated the Spread of Participation Index to estimate the use of space in relation to attributes of individuals and environmental variables. Additionally, we evaluated the suitability of the enclosure and management measures by assessing the Five Freedoms.
    [Show full text]
  • Reversing America's Wildlife Crisis
    ReveRsing AmeRicA’s WILDLIFE CRISIS SECURING THE FUTURE OF OUR FISH AND WILDLIFE MARCH 2018 REVERSING AMERICA’s Wildlife CRISIS 1 ReveRsing AmeRicA’s Wildlife cRisis SECURING THE FUTURE OF OUR FISH AND WILDLIFE Copyright © 2018 National Wildlife Federation Lead Authors: Bruce A. Stein, Naomi Edelson, Lauren Anderson, John J. Kanter, and Jodi Stemler. Suggested citation: Stein, B. A., N. Edelson, L. Anderson, J. Kanter, and J. Stemler. 2018. Reversing America’s Wildlife Crisis: Securing the Future of Our Fish and Wildlife. Washington, DC: National Wildlife Federation. Acknowledgments: This report is a collaboration among National Wildlife Federation (NWF), American Fisheries Society (AFS), and The Wildlife Society (TWS). The authors would like to thank the many individuals from these organizations that contributed to this report: Taran Catania, Kathleen Collins, Patty Glick, Lacey McCormick, and David Mizejewski from NWF; Douglas Austen, Thomas Bigford, Dan Cassidy, Steve McMullin, Mark Porath, Martha Wilson, and Drue Winters from AFS; and John E. McDonald, Jr., Darren Miller, Keith Norris, Bruce Thompson, and Gary White from TWS. We are especially grateful to Maja Smith of MajaDesign, Inc. for report design and production. Cover image: Swift fox (Vulpes macrotis), North America’s smallest wild canid, has disappeared from about 60 percent of its historic Great Plains range. Once a candidate for listing under the Endangered Species Act, collaborative state and federal conservation efforts have stabilized the species across much of its remaining range. Photo: Rob Palmer Reversing America’s Wildlife Crisis is available online at: www.nwf.org/ReversingWildlifeCrisis National Wildlife Federation 1200 G Street, NW, Suite 900 Washington, D.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Back from the Brink Ten Success Stories Celebrating the Endangered Species Act at 40 Introduction Acknowledgements
    BACK FROM THE BRINK Ten Success Stories Celebrating THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT AT 40 INTRODUCTION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Success. We are constantly bombarded with messages about the to the Endangered Species Act, stories like these can be found in importance of success and how to achieve it. Search for a book every state across the country as imperiled animals, plants, birds, and about success on Amazon, and you’ll get not only the Seven Habits fish are stabilizing and rebuilding healthy populations. Indeed, most of Highly Effective People, but also more than 170,000 other books endangered species are on track with established recovery plans, on how to be successful at work, in friendships and relationships, and some are even reaching population goals ahead of their targeted and way more. Clearly, we place an incredible value on success. schedules. In this report, you will find ten success stories that are among the most compelling in the nation. But when it comes to protecting wildlife and wild lands, how do we define success? To some of us, the answer is obvious. But in On the 40th anniversary of the Act, it is time to celebrate our journey our highly charged political atmosphere, wildlife opponents seek as we have brought one species after another back from the brink of to narrow the definition of success in a concerted effort to weaken extinction. Passing this moral and noble law was the first step along a wildlife protections. Their thinking goes that, if they can convince new path for the United States. We were once a nation that believed us that our conservation efforts have not been successful, we will that rivers were meant to be dammed, forests to be completely clear cut, support getting rid of existing protections.
    [Show full text]
  • DRAFT Savannah NWR Hunt Plan and Environmental Assessment
    SAVANNAH NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE AMERICAN ALLIGATOR, ARMADILLO, BEAVER, OPOSSUM, AND RACCOON DRAFT HUNT PLAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service Savannah National Wildlife Refuge 694 Beech Hill Ln. Hardeeville, SC 29927 March 2020 Table of Contents Section A. Draft Hunt Plan ............................................................................................................ 1 I. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 2 A. Refuge Land Acquisition History ....................................................................................... 4 B. Overview of Refuge Management ...................................................................................... 5 II. Statement of Objectives ............................................................................................................. 8 III. Description of Hunting Program ............................................................................................... 9 A. Areas to be Opened to Hunting ........................................................................................... 9 B. Species to be Taken, Hunting Periods, Hunting Access ..................................................... 9 C. Hunter Permit Requirements............................................................................................. 10 D. Consultation and Coordination with the State .................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Quarterly Report September 2019
    Quarterly Update • September 2019 Analysis of data collected from the 1st Wild Harvest Initiative® Wild Meat Sharing & Consumption Survey, administered in Texas, has begun, as we prepare to share initial program results. American Alligators are wild harvested in 8 jurisdictions in the United States. Their range does not extend into Canada. Species profile – American would have been consumable, or Endangered Species Act classification Alligator about 63%, based on typical “threatened due to similarity of Harvest in the United States consumption habits for this species. appearance” because some related Given a robust 6 oz. serving, this American Alligators (Alligator animals, i.e. caimans and some constitutes 12,571,093 meals over a mississippienis) have long been popular crocodiles, remain in peril. two-year period. for their skins and meat and, today, are The International Union for recreationally harvested in at least 8 Conservation Status Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists US states including Alabama, By the 1950s, American alligator the American Alligator as a species of Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, populations had reached all-time lows “Least Concern” in terms of extinction Mississippi, South Carolina, and across their native range in the United risk. Texas. Approximately 94,189 States. This was due primarily to American alligators were wild caught in these jurisdictions during the 2014- market-hunting and habitat loss. In 15 and 2015-16 harvest seasons. The 1967, the species was listed as total live catch had an estimated mass Endangered. However, in 1987, the of 6,122,285 kg (13,469,027 lbs) American alligator was pronounced which resulted in a dressed weight of fully recovered, making it one of the approximately 3,428,480 kg first endangered species success (7,542,656 lbs).
    [Show full text]