The Shoah Memorial (Mémorial De La Shoah) 17, Rue Geoffroy-L’Asnier 75004 Paris Tel

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2009Annual Report The Shoah Memorial (Mémorial de la Shoah) 17, rue Geoffroy-l’Asnier 75004 Paris Tel. : 01 42 77 44 72 Fax : 01 53 01 17 44 E-mail : [email protected] Website : www.memorialdelashoah.org Editorial1

The mission of the Shoah Memorial and several thousand new books consists in safeguarding, transmitting either purchased or donated by private and teaching the history of the individuals or institutions. Holocaust. In spite of this year’s budgetary constraints due to the economic situation, In order to provide ﬁ nancial the Memorial continued to strive to fulﬁ ll support for this work, a money-raising this mission, receiving school groups campaign was organized in 2009 and individual visitors (170,000 visitors), which lead to a 69% increase in private while concentrating on developing teacher donations enabling the Memorial training courses. to do more and better.

First and foremost the Memorial However, none of these projects focused on developing teacher could have come to fruition without training in France but in addition, the support of our permanent partners: this year specialized training courses the Foundation for the Memory were organized for new target groups: of the Shoah (FMS) in particular, civil servants from the Ministry the City of Paris, the Île-de-France region, of Defense and the National Police. the Ministry of Education and the renewed In parallel, numerous seminars generosity of private donors. were organized with several European countries: Spain, Romania, Ukraine I would like to express my deepest and Italy which took place either gratitude to all of those partners in Paris or in the various countries. and special thanks to the Memorial team for having done such essential work Travelling exhibitions have contributed in spite of limited means. to the reknown of the Memorial both in the French provinces and abroad. Éric de Rothschild Some ﬁ fty travelling exhibitions President of The Shoah Memorial were presented in the provinces and 15 conferences were organized.

About a dozen exhibitions were held this year outside of France.

The documentary archives were enhanced with close to 600,000 new documents

The Year 2009 in Numbers 3

• 170,000 visitors in 2009 • More than 530,000 archive items (180,000 in 2008) were acquired including 662 from individual donors. 427,000 documents • 1,189 groups were welcomed: from the 13 French Department archives 35,500 persons (in 1,217 groups and more than 100,000 from compared to 36,200 persons in 2008) the Yivo New York and 6% primary school pupils, Iwo Buenos Aires collections 36% junior high school and 37% high school, • 32,256 new photographs were acquired 54% from Île-de -France, including 18,265 which were collected 39% from the provinces during various missions abroad; and 7% from other countries 3,727 came from individual donors, 6,216 were purchases, as well as • 103 training courses 237 original posters and 228 postcards. for 4,550 participants of which 3,250 were put on the website, 2,500 teachers (101 training courses 5,690 images were digitized, for 5,280 participants in 2008) 1,610 photographs catalogued

• 20 excursions to Auschwitz (27 in 2008) • 10% additional documents enriched were organized leaving from Paris the library collection or the provinces: 12 fl ights for school children, 4 fl ights for teachers, • The reading room registered 4 fl ights for private persons 4,324 consultations of documents, (4,597 in 2008), received 4,869 readers • 4 new temporary exhibitions including (5,723 in 2008) including 2,115 researchers 2 presented at the Memorial (2,247 researchers in 2008) of which and 2 travelling exhibitions 566 new (564 new researchers in 2008), which lead to 400 pieces of work • 96 events organized in the Auditorium (97 in 2008), 8,127 attendees, • 298,000 hits on the website (9,492 in 2008) (290,439 in 2008) and 1,745,000 pages read (1,800,000 pages in 2008) • 63 different venues (48 in 2008) presented the Memorial’s travelling • 5 Commemoration ceremonies exhibitions including 8 abroad were organized at the Memorial Cultural Program 5

Temporary Exhibitions 4 new exhibitions were created Benjamin Fondane this year, 2 were shown at the Memorial: Poet, essayist, fi lm-maker Benjamin Fondane and Hélène Berr; and philosopher and 2 travelling exhibitions: an abridged Romania – Paris – Auschwitz, version of Kristallnacht, and an exhibition 1898-1944 called Vision lycéenne, which described the high school study trips from October 14, 2009 – January 31, 2010 the Île-de-France region in 2009. The temporary exhibitions presented Benjamin Fondane was a poet, at the Memorial in 2009 attracted philosopher, fi lm-maker and critic. A Jew Benjamin Fondane Poet, essayist, fi lm-maker a total of 15,800 visitors. of Romanian origin, Benjamin Fondane and philosopher. settled in Paris in 1923 at the age of 25. Romania – Paris – Auschwitz, 1898-1944 The exhibition Kristallnacht He was close to the avant-garde October 14, 2009 – (The Night of Broken Glass), which movements but shied away from groups January 31, 2010 opened November 9, 2008 and was or schools developing his own original Institutional Partners: to close in January 2009 was extended work in various fi elds. Fondane was Société d’Études Benjamin Fondane, Romanian Cultural on an exceptional basis until August 31, a disciple of the Russian philosopher Institute in Paris 2009 because if its success but also Leon Chestov and was one of the main Media Partner: because of the contraction of the annual representatives of existential thought Le Magazine Littéraire budget. 17,388 visitors went to the at the end of the 1930s. Portraits Catalog: exhibition throughout the entire period. of him done by Brauner, Man Ray or Benjamin Fondane Poet, essayist, Brancusi, his photos, fi lms, poems and fi lm-maker and philosopher. Benjamin Fondane, the new major correspondence with Tzara, Artaud, Romania – Paris – Auschwitz, 1898-1944 exhibition in 2009, opened on October 14, Sernet, Cioran and Camus, illustrate 128 pages, published by Shoah 2009 until January 31, 2010 and his contacts with the most eminent Memorial, 2009 was viewed by 5,010 people. intellectual and artistic fi gures as well Poster Campaign as his active participation in the major 1 m x 1.50 m posters in the corridors debates of his time. The exhibition of the Paris Metro describes this essential work, his in October 13-19 passionate defense of the individual and December 22-28, 2009. confronted with the powers of reason Mini-website devoted to the exhibition. and history, brutally interrupted by his deportation to Auschwitz in 1944. Guided tours

Benjamin Fondane circa 1935, Anonymous photographer © D.R. 6

Hélène Berr Events in the Life conﬁ scated Edmond J. Safra November 10, 2009 – March 31, 2010 Auditorium

Hélène Berr was 21 in 1942 when The pace of events scheduled in she began keeping a diary. the auditorium remained intense this year, The Occupation and the anti-Jewish laws equal in number to the previous year were to gradually change her life. Each (96 events). A key change occurred day until February 1944, just three weeks in that part of the program scheduled before her arrest, she wrote in her diary. is no longer free of charge which led Deported to Auschwitz with her parents, to a drop in the number of attendees Hélène died in 1945 in Bergen-Belsen. during the ﬁ rst quarter. However during Sixty years later, her niece, Mariette Job, the two following quarters, there were decided to entrust the diary manuscript on average 84 persons per event, which to the Shoah Memorial. When the diary is 70% of capacity. was published in January 2008 it was an immense success. The exhibition goes As years past, the program included beyond the scope of Hélène Berr’s diary temporary-exhibitions related series and her personality to include the overall of events as well as other scientiﬁ c context of the Occupation and the and editorial subjects, the celebration persecution of the Jews in France. The of major anniversaries and screenings. original manuscript is presented as well Such events were an opportunity as numerous family archives which have to develop partnerships with institutions been entrusted to the Shoah Memorial. such as INA (National Audiovisual Institute), the Toulouse Cinémathèque, UNESCO, the Polish Institute, the Romanian Cultural Institute, Arte, AB Group, etc.

Hélène Berr, circa 1942 © Mémorial de la Shoah/CDJC, coll. Job

The Director of the Memorial, Jacques Fredj, Mariette Job, Hélène Berr’s niece, and Christophe Girard, Deputy Mayor of Paris in charge of culture at the inauguration of the Hélène Berr exhibition © S. Saragoussi 7

Exhibition-Related Screenings Programs This year the Memorial began a series of theme-based fi lms screenings. Two series of events and projections From March 15-22, as part of a major accompanied temporary exhibitions in retrospective also taking place at 2009. The Kristallnacht (Night of Broken the Museum of Jewish Art and History Glass) related events, scheduled and the Toulouse Cinémathèque, from the opening of the exhibition the Kinojudaica series included in November 2008 until March 2009 a selection of 14 Russian fi lms referring included a total of 22 projections, directly or indirectly, and sometimes conferences and lectures in the presence in anecdotic fashion, to the situation of the best specialists on the subject of Jews in Russia and abroad. This event, and witnesses of that period in history. which was a major success was organized A series of 6 conferences and readings by the Toulouse cinémathèque with by the actor Daniel Mesguich were also Gosfi lmofond in Russia and the Russian scheduled in parallel to the exhibition documentary fi lm archives (RGAKFD). Benjamin Fondane. The fi lms, which had, for the most part, never been projected in France were commented by specialists.

From November 12-24, 2009, the Po-Lin cycle included about 20 ﬁ lms which illustrate the Holocaust in Polish ﬁ lms today. This event was the result of a partnership with the Polish Institute in Paris and an idea by Jean-Yves Potel, the Memorial’s correspondent in Poland. It was supported by the press and attended by a numerous public: 155 viewers on average attended screenings which meant there needed to be additional remote projection rooms.

Henryk Grynberg. Still shot from the ﬁ lm Birthplace, by Pawel Łozinski, presented in the cycle Po-Lin © D.R.

Commemoration Literary events, Events Films and Lectures

As every year, the Memorial organized More than twenty literary events additional conferences and screenings were organized enabling the public to on the occasion of the various dates become acquainted with new publications of the commemoration calendar. of the year dealing with the Holocaust. On January 27, the International Day The most impressive literary event for Holocaust Remembrance and the was the presentation of the book by Prevention of Crimes against Humanity, Daniel Blatman, Les Marches de la mort. a reading of extracts of Des voix sous 1944-1945 (The Death Marches) (Fayard, la cendre (Voices from Under the Ashes), 2009) which brought together the Manuscrits des Sonderkommandos historians Yehuda Bauer, Daniel Blatman, d’Auschwitz-Birkenau (Auschwitz-Birkenau André Sellier and Henry Rousso. Sonderkommando Manuscripts), (published An exceptional event which attracted by Calmann-Lévy/Mémorial de la Shoah, a wide public was also organized with 2005) was given by the actor Francis Claude Lanzmann upon the publication Huster. A projection of recorded of his book Le Lièvre de Patagonie testimonials completed the program. (The Patagonian Hare) (Gallimard, 2009).

On the commemoration of the Tutsi About fi fteen screenings including some genocide in Rwanda a series of lectures previews added to the quality of the and fi lm screenings was organized program. The most noteworthy: January including The Gacaca Trilogy directed 15, 2009, Plus tard, tu comprendras (One by Anne Aghion who was awarded a prize Day You’ll Understand) by Amos Gitaï for her work on this subject. from the book by Jérome Clément, in the presence of fi lm’s team Left: On the occasion of Yom Ha Shoah, and the author, and April 6, 2009, The fi lm Les Insoumis (The Taras April 20-21, the Memorial organized Einsatzgruppen Les Commandos Family) by Mark Donskoï (URSS, fi ction, 1945) was shown in the events and projections on the theme de la mort (Death Commandos) in the Kinojudaica cycle © Gosfi lmofond of Children’s Homes during WWII. presence of director Michaël Prazan. Right: Hippolyte Girardot plays Victor in Plus tard, tu comprendras (One Day You’ll Understand) by Amos Gitaï from the novel by Jérôme Clément (published by Grasset-Fasquelle) © Image et Compagnie/D. Bronfeld

Claude Lanzmann at the presentation of his book Le Lièvre de Patagonie (The Patagonian Hare) at the Memorial © D.R. The Memorial Day by Day 11

Commemoration the day dedicated to the unburied victims of the Holocaust, in the presence of Beate Ceremonies and Serge Klarsfeld and the Remembrance of the Tunis round-up on December 6. Holocaust Commemorations are given priority in the Memorial’s activities.

On the occasion of the January 27th Ofﬁ cial Visits and Filming Commemoration (see p. 9) the Memorial at the Memorial organized events in the auditorium and pedagogical activities; Many VIP come to visit the Memorial. the Warsaw Ghetto uprising In 2009, again many were to come was commemorated in a ceremony to discover the museum. on April 19, 2009, with the CRIF (Council of Jewish Institutions in France) Amongst the most noteworthy, to name in the presence of the Ambassadors a few: Bertrand Delanoë, Mayor of Paris, of Israel and Poland in France. and Simone Veil, Honorary president of the Foundation for the Memory For the fourth consecutive year of the Shoah (FMS), came for the on the day of Yom Ha Shoah, April 20-21, International Holocaust Remembrance date chosen by the State of Israel and Prevention of Crimes against for the commemoration of the victims Humanity Day on January 27; of the Holocaust, a reading of the names the Israeli Minister of Foreign Affairs, of the those deported from France took Mr. Avigdor Liebermann on May 6, place at the Memorial with the Liberal came to the Memorial during his ofﬁ cial Jewish Movement in France and visit to France. the Association of Sons and Daughters of Jews deported from France. The Memorial was also honored by This year the reading was particularly the visit of the Ambassador of the Czech dedicated to the memory of the children Republic in France, Pavel Fischer, on rounded up in July 1944, in the children’s February 12, the Canadian Minister homes in the Paris area. of Immigration, Jason Kenney on July 1, and the Ambassador of Belgium, Lastly, other ceremonies were organized: Beaudouin Kéthulle de la Ryhove, the annual commemoration of the on October 27. Beate and Serge Klarsfeld National Day of Remembrance of the at the Hazkarah Ceremony © Mémorial de la Shoah/CDJC heroes of deportation celebrated this year Since the opening of the Memorial Photo: J.-M. Lebaz on April 26; Hazkarah on September 27, in 2005, the Memorial has received regular Canadian Minister for Immigration Jason Kenney in front of the Wall of Names © N. Darbellay 12

requests to take photographs or to fi lm. 69 shoots have taken place on the Memorial premises in 2009, (21 for documentaries, 26 for TV reports and 20 for educational purposes done by schools). 2 fi ction fi lms were shot as well to be completed in the fall of 2010. Annual Memorial Charity Gala Each year, the Shoah Memorial organizes a concert at the Champs-Élysées Theatre to collect donations to contribute to part of the operating costs of the institution. On November 23, the pianist Alexandre Tharaud, accompanied by the Munich Chamber Orchestra directed by Daniel Giglberger, Concert Master, interpreted works by Mozart, Haydn and Bach. As a sign of support for the Memorial, Bernadette Chirac attended the concert.

Left: Bernadette Chirac attending a concert given by Alexandre Tharaud and the Munich Chamber Orchestra for the beneﬁ t of the Memorial © E. Lichtfeld

Right: Simone Veil and Bertrand Delanoë in front of the Wall of Names during the Jan. 27, commemoration © Anne Thomes / Mairie de Paris 13 Awareness- Raising 15

To remember and facilitate the understanding of the Holocaust are the two main missions of the Memorial. They have led to the development of awareness raising activities in a variety of areas including pedagogical workshops, remembrance journeys for the public, but also for school children.

For the General Public Guided tours are on offer: in addition to the guided tours organized on Sunday For individual visitors, families or groups, in the permanent museum, guided tours the activities proposed by the Memorial of the temporary exhibitions Kristallnacht provide in-depth understanding of the and Benjamin Fondane were organized history of the Holocaust through various free of charge throughout 2009. Scheduled media. Pedagogical workshops are offered on Thursday evening these guided tours as an extension of the children’s tour of the attracted working people. permanent museum with the guide-booklet so that they can approach this period of Four remembrance journeys to Auschwitz history from related subjects. In 2009, the were organized in 2009, enabling workshop Les Mots à l’oreille (Words to the 679 individuals to discover the Ear) enabled children to discover through extermination camp which symbolizes Klezmer music, the Yiddish culture which the Holocaust. Amongst the participants today is almost died out. The workshop in these trips came groups from several L’enfant aux deux noms (The child with Two towns: Issy-les-Moulineaux, Montreuil, Names) enables them to understand the Levallois-Perret and also the Association various stages in the exclusion of Jews in Mémoire jeunesse Citoyenneté (The occupied France through the testimony of Association: Remembrance, Youth and a hidden child. Throughout the year about Citizenship) from Saint-Maur-des-Fossés a dozen such workshops were organized. accompanied by their elected ofﬁ cials.

Workshops have also been designed for adults: in 2009 an adult writing For School Children workshop was organized À vos plumes! (Pick up your Pen!) to study the link Guided tours of the Memorial, screenings between remembrance and writing. followed by discussion, pedagogical Another dealt with survival in Europe workshops, tours of places of and was entitled Cartographie de remembrance, inter-museum visits la mémoire (Mapping Memory). are among the numerous and varied Numerous activities linked to pedagogical workshops led by teachers are offered to pupils © Mémorial de la Shoah/CDJC 16

activities the pedagogical team Study Trips to Auschwitz of the Memorial has created for school children. They can then propose As part of the awareness-raising activities the activity which is best adapted related to places of Holocaust to the work done by the teacher remembrance, 13 study trips to Auschwitz and satisfy the ever-growing demand were organized for more than 1,800 pupils all year round. in 2009. These trips were ﬁ nanced through the support of the FMS In 2009, accompanied group tours (Foundation for the Memory of the Shoah) represented the major portion of visits: in partnership with the regions and 84% of all the activities organized; the relevant Services of the Education 961 groups in total. 21% of these visits Ministry (Rectorat) for the high schools were related to meeting a witness in Alsace, Aquitaine, Brittany, Languedoc- of that period in history. Then come Roussillon, Midi-Pyrénées, Pays-de-la- school groups, 8% and the inter-museum Loire, Provence-Alpes-Côte-d’Azur tours, 4%. Two tours were of particular and Rhône-Alpes. 3 trips were organized interest to teachers: the tour combined in partnership with the Île-de-France with the Museum of Jewish Art and region for their high schools. History (44% of tours) and the recently created tour (2008) with the Museum of Pedagogical and historical background the Army (36% of tours). In 2009, a new is one of the strengths of the program. tour with the Image Forum (Forum des 81% of the classes went to the Memorial images) was designed. for a preparatory visit, others attended a workshop in their own schools. In all, In 2009, 47 tours of places of the Memorial team in charge of these trips remembrance were organized with pupils went on about forty missions in the in the Île-de-France region. These tours provinces to participate in the preparation were mainly to Drancy and Mont-Valérien and development of pedagogical projects. but there were also two new programs: the discovery of the Deportation and Holocaust Memorials In Paris (Shoah Memorial – Deportation Memorial in Île de la Cité – Memorial of the Vel’ d’Hiv Round-up) and an historical tour of the Marais.

Left and right: Pupils visiting the Memorial © Mémorial de la Shoah/CDJC

Seminar and Teacher Training 19 19

For many years now the Memorial has offered training, teacher-training in particular, on the history of the Holocaust. The Memorial has developed a certain pedagogical know-how that can be extended, to other speciﬁ c groups, those who serve society and citizenship. In 2009, the overall number of training sessions was maintained: 103 (101 en 2008), in spite of budgetary constraints. The ever-more important teacher-training was continued especially for primary school teachers as well as new speciﬁ c groups.

Teacher Training Aix-en-Provence, Nancy, Metz, Angers, Poitiers. As a complement to this training, 2,500 teachers received training in 2009 3 trips to Auschwitz were organized from the Shoah Memorial, including for teachers in partnership with the FMS. 650 primary school teachers. A variety of training course were on offer. Within Again this year the Summer University the partnership with the Île-de-France was held in Paris and in Poland. region, teachers were offered 10 days Throughout one week, teachers of on-going training at the Memorial were able to deepen their knowledge in Paris, each dealing with a speciﬁ c and learn from renowned Holocaust theme in order to deepen their knowledge specialists how best to deal with of the Holocaust (for example: Medicine, the difﬁ culties of teaching this subject. science and racism in the 30s and 40s; Those who had already participated Representations of the Holocaust in previous sessions were given in literature, cinema, Comic books, etc). the opportunity to go to Poland to visit In addition, training courses were the places of Jewish life there. A new organized in Paris and in the regions course was set up in 2009: a winter as part of the Ministry of Education university in Israel. This was open training. These included both basic to teachers who had attended the Poland training as well as on-going training course and enabled the teachers to delve in cooperation with the IUFM (Teacher even deeper into Holocaust history training schools) and the appropriate through visits to the major sites authorities of the following Academies : of remembrance, discussing with the Versailles, Paris, Créteil, Antony, Papeete, people in charge, in particular at Yad Bordeaux, Toulouse, Grenoble, Vashem and Lohamei Haghetaot. Poland and Paris Universities: Two highlights of teacher-training set up by the Memorial © D.R. © N. Darbellay 20

The Memorial also continued its program A training course was organized for foreign teachers which began in 2008 for a group of specialized social and organized 17 training courses in 2009 workers from the IFP training Center in France and elsewhere in Europe in Asnières and a video link conference (Sweden, Italy, Ukraine, Romania). These was organized in partnership with the courses attracted teachers from numerous UN for 7 information ofﬁ ces in Africa: countries: Germany, Andorra, Georgia, (Burundi, Cameroun, Congo, Madagascar, Spain, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Poland, Senegal, Togo, Arusha–International Romania, Switzerland, Ukraine, etc. Some Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda). courses were the result of a partnership with the Council of Europe.

Speciﬁ c Target Groups

For several years now the Memorial has also organized training programs for speciﬁ c target groups. Since 2005, seminars have been organized for young policemen and also for students in the National Magistrates School, the Political Science School and also for the personnel of the United Nations information ofﬁ ce.

In 2009, 18 courses took place training 1,800 policemen assigned to Paris and the outskirts in partnership with the Police authorities.

For the very ﬁ rst time, a speciﬁ c seminar was organized for police superintendents. Newly appointed personnel in the Ministry of Defense also attended a tailor-made seminar entitled: The role Right: Young policemen participate of the civil service in the process of each year in an awareness exclusion and the genesis of genocide. raising seminar on the history of the Holocaust © Mémorial de la Shoah/CDJC xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx © xxxxxxxxxx Documentary Resources 23

The Documentation Under the partnership with Yivo New-York, and with the ﬁ nancial support Center of FMS, the Archives received the Hersch Wasser Collection (Warsaw ghetto, Archives the secret Ringelblum Archives), Rabbi René Hirschler (1905-1944), The year 2009 began with caution due Institut zur Erforschung der Judenfrage, to budgetary constraints. Acquisitions Kennkarte (5,000 police cards carried remain the main priority, however the by Jews under the Nazi regime archives department has also concentrated in the Frankfurt region, Germany). on welcoming visitors and best meeting the needs of researchers. In the area On June 2, 2009, a partnership of acquisitions, 215 new individual donors Convention was signed between gave 662 items. the Yad Vashem archives and the archives of the Shoah Memorial for A number of these were related the exchange of their collections and to Conventions which had been signed for the acquisition of new archives. previously. The Documentation Center received 92 microﬁ lms from Iwo A convention dealing with cooperation Argentina and 21 DVDs (collection in archival matters was also signed Moskovits – Argentina series), through with the Ben Zvi Institute (Jerusalem), a partnership with the United States specialized in the history of Jews Holocaust Memorial (USHMM). from North Africa.

The Archives Project in the French Departments in partnership with USHMM is ongoing and the work done toward the signature of these conventions has been successful. Since the beginning of 2009, the Archives of the Memorial have received microﬁ lms and/or digitized documents from the following French Departments: Alpes-Maritimes, Ardennes, Calvados, Cantal, Gers, Haute-Loire, Hautes-Pyrénées, Jura, Lot, Lot-et- Garonne, Seine-Saint-Denis, Vienne, and Vosges. In all, 13 new Departments Signing of the partnership for a total of 426,936 pages of documents. convention between the Yad Vashem and Shoah Memorial archives © photo Yad Vashem 24

On October 7, 2009, a convention in the Archives department in 2009, was signed with the General Archives is the digitization of the archives of the Kingdom of Belgium providing of the Rhône Department – close for a potential exchange and reproduction to 800,000 pages of documents of archival collections. which required the installation in situ of the appropriate equipment. The preservation of the entire archival This operation had to be carried out collection remains a constant concern. over two ﬁ nancial years: 2009-2010. The archives department takes care to enter into inventory, digitize Within the activity of family and catalog a maximum number searches, the Archives department of documents in as much as possible. processed 1,428 requests for research Amongst the collections which regarding the Wall of Names and victims. have been entered into the detailed The new information acquired did have inventory, 1,471 drawings were recorded an impact in most cases: as of year and digitized, including 666 originals. end 2009, 255 requests for corrections The 3 registers from the Rothschild on the Wall of Names were recorded. orphanage (326 pages), a good number In addition 313 people received of archival documents commissioned personalized help in drafting or acquired, as well as 899 ﬁ les of Drancy an application for compensation. internees were also digitized.

Much work was done in 2009 The Photographic in preparation of the future Library Drancy Memorial. The list of victims has been extended with all the information Since 2005, the acquisition policy on the Drancy internees available of the Photographic library is divided in photographs at the Memorial. into two areas of research: the Holocaust Consultation of archives is on-going in Europe and the Holocaust in France. at the Archives of the City of Paris, the RATP (public transport in the Île-de- In 2009, purchases and research France region), the Architecture Institute were concentrated on the Holocaust and of the IGN (National Geographical in Poland working with both institutional Institute). and private archives. Several dozens of individual photographs and some In cooperation with ARTE, 25 testimonials in series were purchased from private Charcoal drawing done by Mortré Joseph Grinberg on the history of the Drancy camp collectors. 500 new items have been added of his daughter Hélène Grinberg, were recorded. Another key project to the collection including 216 originals. Beaune-la-Rolande Camp, July 1941 © Mémorial de la Shoah/CDJC 25

In Germany, the research has concentrated victims in France. Thus 32,256 photographs on German newspaper archives; were acquired in 2009. 3,727 came hundreds of photographs of the ghettos from private persons including many have been collected. photographs of deportees, resistance fi ghters, the righteous and more generally In July 2009, research in Romania photographs illustrating day to day life began and will continue in 2010. of Jews in France during WWII. 237 posters and 228 post cards were In addition a partnership was signed also purchased. with the publisher Biro and the German photo agency AKG making it possible Document processing continued to incorporate into the archives in parallel in 2009: 86 posters the collection of the Berliner Jewish were restored and 6,500 photographs photograph, Abraham Pisarek, which were classifi ed. 5,690 documents were includes some 7,000 photographs digitized. 1,610 explanatory notes were illustrating the life of German Jews drafted to be included in the photograph between 1933 and 1939. library catalogue. 3,250 photographs were put on the Memorial website. In France, the collection of photographs of victims and Jewish resistance fi ghters In 2009, the photograph library initiated continued throughout 2009, from private the collection of information on children’s persons and new available sources. homes in France for the period 1938-1948 These are mainly Holocaust archives and on the ghettos, as well as the many which are stored in national or department other projects. archives. They are referenced and microfi lmed by the Archivists of the All of these documents represent Memorial where it is possible to recognize resources for a variety of cultural projects. victims’ photographs. In 2009, this task In 2009, 191 requests to communicate was carried out in the Bouches-du-Rhône documents to other bodies have been archives which led to an inventory of processed, for example for exhibits 641 photos of internees in the Des Milles at the Caen WWII Memorial, the National camp of which 121 Deportees. Museum on the History of Immigration in Paris and the Museum of German In addition the two conventions signed History in Berlin. with the Museum in Malines, Belgium (2008) and the Yad Vashem Memorial, Abraham Pisarek, 1942 Israel, (2009) made it possible to collect © Bildarchiv Pisarek/AKG-images close to 10,000 photographs of Holocaust Deporting the Warsaw Jews: preparing the convoy to Treblinka, 1942 © D.R. coll. CDJC 26

The Library Multimedia In 2009, the library concentrated Learning Center on conservation, cataloguing and acquisitions. In 2007, it had In 2009, 2,230 visitors came through completed the fi rst step in the conversion the Multimedia Learning Center (CEM) of paper fi les to an electronic system. for an average time span of 1:13 minutes. Between 2008 and mid-2009, 12,717 Throughout the year 2009, the CEM document fi les were examined one by one, has continued its policy of regular reread, corrected and completed. enrichment of its collections and In other words, 25% of the electronic cataloguing. Rights for 326 fi lms catalogue was revised. were purchased. 84 new CDs, 7 testimonial cassettes, 4 CD-Roms and DVD-Roms, In 2009, 2,771 new document fi les 246 documentary fi lms or TV programs were added to the catalogue. 550 open as well as testimonials prepared by the shelf books were added to the electronic Hidden Children Association were added catalogue. The library thus increased to the Multimedia learning center. by 10% its collection which can be consulted on the electronic catalogue and acquired 2,182 books. Donations were added to these collections Publications (including from S. Klarsfeld, S. Gottfarstein, A. Rayski, S. Amouroux, The Shoah Memorial pursued etc.). 514 magazines and print press its publishing policy in 2009, publishing clippings were made available to 6 new books. History of the Shoah Review the public. In 2009, the library sorted, published two new issues. N° 190: classifi ed and restored 53 volumes Rwanda. Quinze ans après. Penser of old bound versions of the paper Unzer et écrire l’histoire du génocide des Tutsi Shtime (from post-war to the end of the (Fifteen years-later. Thoughts and History 20th century), 555 books and 21,341 pages of the Tutsi Genocide); this is one were restored (books and newspapers). of the rare recent publications devoted to the Tutsi genocide in Rwanda which describes the specifi cities of this situation compared to known systems. (Published by The Shoah Memorial, January-June 2009). Joint publication Calmann-Lévy The Architect of Genocide and the N° 191: La Shoah dans la littérature Revue d’histoire de la Shoah (History nord-américaine. Les langues du désastre of the Shoah review) Rwanda. Fifteen years later, both published by the Memorial © D.R. 27

(The Holocaust in North American Websites Literature: the Languages of Disaster). (Published by The Shoah Memorial, October 2009). A study of how the The number of hits on all the websites Holocaust is treated in American literature. has increased from 290,439 in 2008 to 298,940 in 2009; the increase has been Jointly in cooperation with Calmann-Lévy especially felt on the English version of since 2005, the Memorial has also the website www.memorialdelashoah.org published two new history books and on the french version of for the general public: Himmler www.grenierdesarah.org. The fi rst site et la solution fi nale. L’architecte du has benefi tted from a major update génocide (The Architect of Genocide. throughout the year, and the second Himmler and the Final Solution) has a new space devoted to teachers with by Richard Breitman (translated from a database of children deported from English by Claire Darmon, co-published France posted online at the end of 2008. by Mémorial de la Shoah/Calmann-Lévy,

October 2009) and Chaïm Kaplan. The Memorial has also invested in social ;DI;?=D;HB7I>E7>7K9EBBÞ=;;J7KBO9x; 9:A6E6GDA: 6CI>HwB>I: Chronique d’une agonie – Journal networks in order to reach an even greater ¿A69:HIGJ8I>DC 9:H?J>;H du ghetto de Varsovie (Chronicle audience; in 2009 Facebook and Twitter 9É:JGDE: of Agony – Diary of the Warsaw Ghetto: page were created and extracts of former September 1939-August 1942). Revised deportee testimonials were put online and enlarged version, co-published using YouTube and Dailymotion. Given by Mémorial de la Shoah/Calmann-Lévy, that the events in the auditorium are no October 2009. longer free of charge, as of January 2009, tickets can be purchased on the main A catalogue was published in January website: www.memorialdelashoah.org 2009 to accompany the Benjamin Fondane exhibition as well as a pedagogical kit for teachers in junior and high school. With the help of this kit, teachers can develop a two-hour lesson plan on the history of the Holocaust with a choice of three different approaches.

All of these publications can be purchased at the Shoah Memorial bookshop or online: www.librairie-memorialdelashoah.org The pedagogical kit enables teachers to develop a two-hour lesson plan on the history of the Holocaust © D.R. The Memorial beyond its walls 29

The Development of Cultural in partnership with UNRIC (United Nations Regional Information Center), Activities in the Provinces and May 26-27 an expert round table and Abroad. Fighting Intolerance, Exclusion and Violence through Holocaust Education. The Memorial’s activities are in continual in partnership with OSCE, The Council progression throughout France but also of Europe, The Anne Frank House abroad. In 2009, the South-West regional and Facing History and Ourselves. ofﬁ ce of the Memorial organized more than 20 events in the region of Toulouse and the south of France: conferences, debates, Conservation screenings, theatre, get-togethers for and Development of Places individuals and school children. Travelling exhibitions offered by the Memorial of Remembrance received a record number of requests: 63 in 2009, compared to 48 in 2008. Given the Memorial’s expertise in the ﬁ eld of conservation and The most frequently requested development of places of Holocaust exhibitions are The Warsaw Ghetto, remembrance, the Memorial has The Tutsi Genocide in Rwanda, continued its participation in the The Righteous in France, and The high functioning of the CERCIL (Loiret school student’s impressions Internment Camp Research Center) of the Auschwitz-Birkenau camps as a member of the bureau and also (Vision lycéenne). 8 presentations providing advice for its development were made outside of France: Massive project. The Memorial also attends Shootings in Ukraine in New York, administrative and technical meetings. Stockholm and Vught in the Netherlands, The Righteous at the european parliament In addition the Shoah Memorial in Brussels, The Warsaw Ghetto is closely associated with the project at the United Nations Palace in Geneva to create a Memorial site at the Des Milles and in Prague, The Tutsi Genocide camp which required about 30 technical in Rwanda in Dakar, and Following or institutional meetings in Paris and in the footsteps of the missing in Oslo. in Aix-en-Provence throughout the year. Research is on-going for the future Lastly, two events were organized museum. The result of this important with UNESCO in Paris: January 28 work was delivered to the Direction the screening of Into the Arms of the Memory of the Des Milles camp of Strangers by Mark Jonathan Harris association on February 5. The travelling exhibition The Tutsi Genocide in Rwanda is among the most frequently requested © D.R. 30

The Shoah Memorial is a member June 26-29. The Memorial has also of the college of founding members endeavored to establish cooperation of the Camp des Milles Foundation: with numerous countries. A framework Memory and Education, recognized agreement was signed with the Argentine in public interest by decree in the Ofﬁ cial Minister of Justice on April 23, 2009, Journal published February 25, 2009. including training for federal judges It has also taken the initiative of setting up in particular, for advice as regards a working group on the building of a stele development of places of remembrance, on the site of the former Pithiviers camp. and exchange of archives. The numerous This group includes representatives exchanges with Canada led to of FMS, the Sons and Daughters of Jews the participation of the Memorial Deported from France Association, in a Symposium The Saint-Louis: Looking the Union of Deportees to Auschwitz, back, Moving Forward which took place in the Research and Study Center on Toronto, June 1-3, 2009, as well as the visit Internment camps in the Loiret (CERCIL), of the Canadian Minister of Citizenship, The Town Council of Pithiviers and Immigration and Multiculturalism, Jason the Association for the Remembrance Kenney. The Memorial was nominated of convoy 6. The Shoah Memorial to the international Committee of the has begun the consultation phase Canadian Action Group for Education, of those involved in order to adopt Remembrance and Research on the a project by consensus early 2010. Holocaust. In Israel, conventions were signed with the Yad Vashem archives and the Ben Zvi archives in Jerusalem.

International An exchange with Spain led to Relations the visit of a group of Spanish clergy to the Memorial, the organization In 2009, the Memorial continued of conferences and the nomination developing its relationships of the Memorial to the International with international organizations Committee of the Casa-Sefarad-Israel. such as UNESCO, the United Nations, the EU, the Task Force for International The Memorial was also present Cooperation on Holocaust Education, again this year in Kigali during the Remembrance and Research. national commemoration ceremony Right: Exhibition on Massive shootings The Memorial has been granted the status of the Tutsi genocide in Rwanda. in Ukraine, 1941-1944 – Shoah of an NGO maintaining operational A new foreign correspondent for Poland by Bullets was presented from January 27-July 27, 2009, relations with UNESCO and participated has been recruited in order to develop at the Forum För Levande Historia in the Prague Terezin Declaration the Memorial’s activities in Poland. in Stockholm, in partnership with the French Embassy in Sweden © D.R.

Support or during study tours Rita Thalmann, Eric Till, to Auschwitz, Simone Veil, Hubert Tison, for the thus reinforcing Michel Zaoui. Odile Zvenigorodsky the message The Scientifi c The Committees Memorial transmitted to young Committee for the History generations. Many individuals Jean-Pierre Azema, of the Shoah Review and institutions Annette Becker, Editorial Committee support the Memorial The Board Michèle Cointet, Charles Baron, in its mission, and the Danielle Delmaire, Annette Becker, by providing Anne Grynberg, Georges Bensoussan, their know-how, Committees Katy Hazan, Danielle Delmaire, expertise, their time Édouard Husson, The Board Mireille Hadas-Lebel, or their fi nancial André Kaspi, of Administration Katy Hazan, support. Sincere Serge Klarsfeld, Philippe Allouche, Édouard Husson, gratitude to all. Christian Opetit, Robert Badinter, Philippe Joutard, Denis Peschanski, Grand Rabbi Joël Kotek, Permanent Renée Poznanski, Gilles Bernheim, Henri Minczeles, Financial Support Henry Rousso, Henry Bulawko, Alexandra Laignel- The Memorial Yves Ternon, benefi ts from Hubert Cain, Lavastine, Rita Thalmann, the permanent Roger Cukierman, Richard Prasquier, Annette Wieviorka. support of FMS, Lucien Finel, Jacques Semelin, The City of Paris, Alain Finkielkraut, Pedagogy Yves Ternon, The Île-de-France Élisabeth de Fontenay, and Training Rita Thalmann, Regional Council, François Heilbronn, Committee Michel Zaoui. and the Ministry Hubert Heilbronn, Henri Borlant, Foreign of Culture and Theo Hoffenberg, Georges Benguigui, correspondants Communication. André Kaspi, Daniel Bensimhon, Gerhardt Botz Pierre Kauffmann, Aleth Briat, Donors Serge Klarsferd, Sylvie Cederschiold, (Austria) Each year Jean-Luc Landier, Xavier Chiron, Raphaël Gross thousands of private Ivan Levaï, Philippe Cocquebert, (United Kingdom), persons support Claude Marcus, Claude Dumont, Dienke Hondius the Memorial Francine Masliah, Jean-François Forges, (The Netherlands), through Serge Moati, Jean-Pierre Garo, Michaël R. Marrus their donations. Richard Prasquier, Ida Grinspan, (Canada), Witnesses Éric de Rothschild, Christine Guimonnet, Dan Michman Witnesses share Pierre Saragoussi, Jean-Pierre Lauby, (Israel), their experience Rémy Schwartz, Gérard Lefèvre, Jacques Picard of this tragic Josée Sraer, Jean-Pierre Mellier, (Switzerland), period in history, Ady Steg, Hervé-Roger Moisan, Franciszek Piper through interventions Gilberte Steg, Stéphanie Morillon, (Poland), at the Memorial Marcel Stourdze, Alice Tajchman, Dieter Pohl 33

(Germany), The Foundation Maxime Steinberg (Belgium). for the Memory Scientifi c of the Shoah Committee of the Review The FMS was founded in 2000 Robert Badinter and is funded from the restitution (France), of funds despoiled from the Jews Yehuda Bauer (Israel), during WWII, which had been Roland Goetschel unduely retained by the State (France), and French fi nancial institutions. Eberhard Jäckel The interest earned by the Foundation (Germany), is used to fi nance the Shoah Memorial Lucien Lazare as well as projects (more than 1,800 (Israel), since its creation) in the fi elds of history, Michaël R. Marrus (Canada), pedagogy and the remembrance Robert O. Paxton of the Holocaust, solidarity toward (United States), Holocaust survivors and Jewish culture. Simon Schwarzfuchs (Israel), In 2009, the Foundation renewed Zeev Sternhell its commitment to the Shoah Memorial (Israel), in signing a convention for 2010-2012. Bernard Wasserstein (United Kingdom) Nathan Weinstock In addition, the construction of the future (Belgium) Center for History and Remembrance Élie Wiesel in Drancy is fi nanced by FMS. (United States) 34 Budget Realized

Expenses 2010 2009 Conservation 1,420 1,466 Documentation Center 1,351 1,421 Library 373 368 Archives 617 710 Photograph Library 361 343 Commemorations 69 45 Teaching-training 740 680 Teacher training 587 537 Publications 153 143 Transmission 2,779 2,584 Cultural Activities 1,232 803 Book Shop 243 245 Multimedia Center 137 130 Internet 152 159 Pedagogy 573 501 Places of remembrance/tours 442 746 Operations 4,574 4,542 Gala 69 81 Buildings 2,234 2,112 Support 2,271 2,349 Surplus – Deﬁ cit 27 Total 9,513 9,299 Investissements 318

Income 2010 2009 FMS 6,750 6,600 Private donations and contributions 1,195 613 Right: Ivan Levaï, The Minister Sponsorship, subsidies from public bodies 808 1,162 of Culture Frédéric Mittérrand and Eric de Rothschild in front Income from activities, gala... 760 924 of the Wall of Names. © Mémorial de la Shoah/CDJC Total 9,513 9,299 Photo: N. Darbellay

Director of publication: Jacques Fredj Editors: Isabelle Plichon Claire Garoux Graphics: les designers anonymes Translation: Julia Delille Gomory Cover: Benjamin Fondane exhibition at the Shoah Memorial © N. Darbellay

The Shoah Memorial 17, rue Geoffroy-l’Asnier 75004 Paris Tel.: 331 42 77 44 72 Fax: 331 53 01 17 44 [email protected] www.memorialdelashoah.org 2009Annual Report The Shoah Memorial (Mémorial de la Shoah) 17, rue Geoffroy-l’Asnier 75004 Paris Tel. : 01 42 77 44 72 Fax : 01 53 01 17 44 E-mail : [email protected] Website : www.memorialdelashoah.org