DOCSLIB.ORG

HIV/AIDS and Early Childhood. INSTITUTION Consultative Group on Early Childhood Care and Development, Haydenville, MA

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
HIV/AIDS and Early Childhood. INSTITUTION Consultative Group on Early Childhood Care and Development, Haydenville, MA DOCUMENT RESUME ED 473 841 PS 031 039 AUTHOR Hanssen, Elizabeth, Ed.; Zimanyi, Louise, Ed. TITLE HIV/AIDS and Early Childhood. INSTITUTION Consultative Group on Early Childhood Care and Development, Haydenville, MA. SPONS AGENCY Bernard Van Leer Foundation, The Hague (Netherlands).; Canadian International Development Agency, Ottawa(Ontario).; Christian Children's Fund Inc., Richmond, VA. PUB DATE 2002-00-00 NOTE 71p.; Journal is subtitled "An International Resourcefor Early Childhood Development."The Coordinators'Notebook is published twice annually. Additional support providedby the Aga Khan Foundation, Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Pueblito, Save the Children Alliance, UNESCO, UNICEF,and the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA). AVAILABLE FROM For subscription information: CGECCD Secretariat,Ryerson University, School of Early Childhood Education, 350Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada. Tel: 416-979-5000; Fax: 416-979-5239; e-mail: [email protected]; Web site: http://www.ecdgroup.com. PUB TYPE Collected Works Serials (022) JOURNAL CIT Coordinators' Notebook; n26 2002 EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF01/PC03 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; Breastfeeding;Case Studies; *Child Health; Childress Rights; Developing Nations; Foreign Countries; Program Descriptions; Public Policy; *Young Children IDENTIFIERS Bottle Feeding; Brazil; Infant Feeding; Kenya; Orphans ABSTRACT The Consultative Group on Early Childhood Care and Development is increasingly concerned with the lack of attentionto children affected by the HIV/AIDS pandemic. This theme issue of "Coordinators' Notebook" examines issues related to ensuring that orphans andvulnerable children under 5 years receive attention in the international,national, and local AIDS agendas. Articles in this journal are: (1)"The Two Who Survive: The Impact of HIV/AIDS on Young Children, Their Families and Communities" (Diane Lusk and Chloe O'Gara), discussing the magnitudeof the problem, likelihood of child survival, consequences of inadequatecare, special vulnerabilities of children under 5, programs for AIDS-affected children under 5, and relevant policy issues;(2) "Infant Feeding Practices in Africa in the Context of HIV/AIDS" (S.L. Huffman and others),examining the implications and risks of recent World Health Organization recommendations for modifying breastfeeding practices to reduce postnatal transmission of HIV in Africa; (3) "Bernard Van Leer Foundation: Foundation Supported Initiatives on HIV/AIDS, Africa Region," describing localprograms to address care, education, and prevention;(4) "Speak for the Child: A Program for AIDS-Affected Under-Fives in Kenya" (Diane Lusk); and (5)"Early Childhood Education and Care and the AIDS Epidemic in Brazil" (Alessandra Schneider and Cristina Raposo). The journal's regular feature, "Network Notes," reports on activities, meetings, and the calendar of the Secretariat and of the Partners of the Consultative Group on ECCD. (KB) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. No.26,2002 An International Resource for Early Childhood Development .15 11 GO 111 II tei '1 -4 1- U S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND Office of Educational Research and Improvement cc DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION BEEN GRANTED BY CENTER (ERIC) ik This documenthas been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it co CI Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality tr)N TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES is Points of view or opinions stated in this INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) -CP document do not necessarily represent 1 CO official OERI position or policy CC Introduction page 1 LEST COPY AVAILABLE HIV/AIDS andThe Two Who Survivepage 3 Infant Feeding Practices in Africapage 22 Early ChildhoodBernard van Leer Foundation-supported Initiatives, Africa Regionpage 29 Network Notes, Page 45 9 Case Studies: Kenyapage 34; Brazil page 40 i- HIV/AIDS AND EARLY CHILDHOOD Coordinators' Notebook, Issue26 Meeting young children's developmental needs is essential to produce the sound and stable citizens a society needs, especially those societies hardest hit by AIDS. Introduction Consider the following statistics: Two out of three children born to HIV positive KATHY BARTLETT AND LOUISE ZIMANYI, mothers will not be infected with HIV, nor CGECCD SECRETARIAT will they die of AIDS (UNICEF 2000). New Mother-to-Child-Transmission (MTCT) initiatives will further increase survival rates A-affected children from birth to eight by lowering transmission of the virus. (those infected with HIV; affected Children on the Brink(July 2002) describes the by HIV/AIDS through infection or following trends: the illness/loss of one or both parents and/or family More than 13.4 million children have lost members; orphaned due to AIDS; or made vulnerable one or both parents to the epidemic in by the AIDS pandemic) face threats to normal human sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, Latin America, and development beyond those of physical survival. The the Caribbeana number that will increase deprivation of consistent, responsive care and inter- to 25 million by 2010. personal and environmental stimulation in children's critical early years of life leads to measurable increas- Africa has the greatest proportion of children es in malnutrition, morbidity, and mortality; this who are orphans. In 2001, 34 million children neglect also inhibits healthy psychosocial and cogni- in sub-Saharan Africa were orphans, one- tive development. Over the long-term, deficient psy- third of them due to AIDS. Because of chosocial and cognitive development among AIDS- AIDS, the number of orphans is increasing affected children will have very real significance for dramatically. By 2010, the number of orphans the societies in which they live. Meeting young chil- will reach 42 million. Twenty million of dren's developmental needs is essential to produce the these childrenor almost six percent of sound and stable citizens that every society needs all children in Africawill be orphaned especially those societies hard hit by AIDS. due to AIDS. In 2001, twelve countries in 3 sub-Saharan Africa were home to seventy particularly under the age of five years, impacted by percent of the orphans. the HIV /AIDS pandemic and is responding in Asia has the largestnumberof orphans. India various ways: has the largest number of AIDS orphans of This issue of theCoordinators' Notebookoutlines and any country in the world, standing at 1.2 mil- begins to looks at five things that need to be better lion in 2001, and predicted to rise to two mil- and more widely understood to help ensure that lion in five years and 2.7 million in ten years. orphans and vulnerable children under five have a Due to Asia's large population, the number of proper place on international, national, and local orphans in Asia is much larger than in Africa. AIDS agendas: In 2001, there were sixty-five million The scale of the problem orphans, with approximately two million The likelihood of survival for young children in orphaned by AIDS. The populations in many AIDS-affected households Asian countries are so large, however, that The consequences of inadequate care for young even at a low prevalence, the number of peo- children ple with HIV/AIDS (leading to even greater The special vulnerabilities of the under-five age numbers of orphans due to AIDS) threatens group in AIDS-affected areas that need atten- to surpass the numbers in some of the most tion to ensure sound survival severely affected African countries. The kinds of action programming most feasible and most likely to affect sound survival and The Center for Disease Control estimates that development one in every three children orphaned by HIV/AIDS is under five (CDC 1). What this We hope this issue will stimulate further discussion means in the thirty-four countries currently about effective and efficient action to improve the hardest hit by the epidemic is that by 2010, lives of young children affected by AIDS, including nearly fifteen million children under five will finding out more about the work that others are doing be orphaned by AIDS and many more will be in this area as it relates to policy, research, and pro- living with sick parents and exhausted care- gramming. We would also like to hear from those givers in impoverished conditions. trying to develop pilot programmes for communities that address the multiple issues involved. You may It is critical that we continue to not only focus reach us at [email protected] or send a note to our efforts on the needs and the rights of children to sur- mailing address. vive but also on children's rights to be protected and In addition, we would hope to complement and cared for beyond survival. At the same time the failure coordinate this information with the proposed work to ensure children's rights creates opportunities for of the Consultative Group over the next year to 1) HIV infection, HIV /AIDS creates opportunities for systematically compile and disseminate information the violation of children's rights to survival, protec- and lessons learned around the work on HIV and the tion, and development. This is at a time when young child within and, most importantly, beyond the increased poverty, abandonment, rejection, discrimi- CGECCD consortium; 2) get Early Years issues on nation, or the added burden of responsibility for the agendas of International meetings and National themselves and other family members already puts level planning meetings related to HIV /AIDS and visa children at increased risk for abuse and exploitation. versa; and 3) to develop proposals to take the work For decades, international AIDS efforts have forward (joint action by the CG consortium and other focused on prevention and treatment. There is, how- interested organisations/networks).The overall aim is ever, a dearth of substantive research, programmes, to build up momentum during this next year through and policies which respond to the diverse needs of a series of coordinated and linked meetings, discus- young children affected by AIDS, particularly in sions, and dissemination/communication efforts by the developing countries.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Impact of HIV/AIDS on Education a Review of Literature and Experience
    UNESCO Section for Preventive Education The Impact of HIV/AIDS on Education a review of literature and experience by Sheldon Shaeffer 1994 Commissioned by the UNESCO Programme of Education for the prevention of AIDS with support from the Swedish International Development Authority (SIDA) Table of Contents 1 Introduction.................................................................................................................... 1 A. AIDS and Social-Economic Development ............................................................ 1 B. The Differential Impact of HIV .............................................................................5 C. The role of education .............................................................................................8 II Impact on the Effectiveness of Education ..................................................................... 10 A. A more open system ............................................................................................ 10 B. A more integrated message in a more flexible system .......................................... 11 III Impact of HIV/AIDS on Demand, Supply, and Process ................................................ 13 A. Demand .............................................................................................................. 13 B. The Supply of Education ..................................................................................... 20 C. The Process of Education ...................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Strengthening Families Through Hiv/Aids Prevention, Treatment, Care and Support – a Review of the Literature
    Joint Learning Initiative on Children and HIV/AIDS JLICA Learning Group 1 – Strengthening Families Co-Chairs: Linda Richter and Lorraine Sherr STRENGTHENING FAMILIES THROUGH HIV/AIDS PREVENTION, TREATMENT, CARE AND SUPPORT – A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE 31 August 2008 Lorraine Sherr Research assistance: Joanne Mueller & Rebecca Varrall Royal Free and University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF. UK 1 This paper was prepared for the Joint Learning Initiative on Children and HIV/AIDS (JLICA). The Joint Learning Initiative on Children and HIV/AIDS (JLICA) is an independent, interdisciplinary network of policy-makers, practitioners, community leaders, activists, researchers, and people living with HIV, working to improve the well- being of HIV-affected children, their families and communities. All reasonable precautions have been taken by JLICA to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall JLICA be liable for damages arising from its use. In return for its sponsorship of their research, Learning Group (LG) authors grant JLICA non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free rights to reproduce in print and in electronic formats on its servers, in whole or in part, and to translate and distribute their LG papers. 2 Preface - Learning Group 1: Strengthening Families The work conducted in Learning Group 1 was based on the fact that families, in all their many forms, are everywhere the primary providers of protection, support and socialization of children and youth, and families exert a very strong influence on children’s survival, health, adjustment and educational achievement.
    [Show full text]
  • Mise En Page 1
    The International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers & Associations is the global non-profit NGO representing the research-based pharmaceutical industry, Woman & Child Health Partnerships including the biotech and vaccine sectors. Its members comprise leading international companies and national and regional industry associations covering for the Developing World low, middle and high income countries. The industry’s R&D pipeline contains hundreds of new medicines and vaccines being developed to address global disease threats, including cancer, heart disease, HIV/AIDS and malaria. The IFPMA In support of the United Nations Secretary-General’s Clinical Trials Portal, the IFPMA’s Ethical Promotion of Medicine online resource and its Developing World Health Partnerships Directory help make the industry’s Global Strategy for Women’s and Children’s Health, activities more transparent. The IFPMA supports a wide range of WHO technical activities, notably those relating to medicine efficacy, quality and safety. It also “Every Woman, Every Chil d” provides the secretariat for the International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH). September 2011 ) N E ( 1 - 9 2 0 0 Chemin Louis-Dunant 15 Tel: +41 22 338 32 00 - P A P.O. Box 195 Fax: +41 22 338 32 99 M P F I 1211 Geneva 20 E-mail: [email protected] 1 1 0 Switzerland Web: www.ifpma.org 2 © Woman & Child Health Partnerships for the Developing World In support of the United Nations Secretary-General’s Global Strategy for Women’s
    [Show full text]
  • HIV and AIDS in Georgia: a Socio-Cultural Approach
    HIV and AIDS in Georgia: A Socio-Cultural Approach The views and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors, and do not necessarily represent the views and official positions of UNESCO or of the Flemish government. The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this review do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO or the Flemish government concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authorities, or concerning its frontiers or boundaries. This project has been supported by the Flemish government. Published by: Culture and Development Section Division of Cultural Policies and Intercultural Dialogue UNESCO 1, rue Miollis, 75015 Paris, FRANCE e-mail : [email protected] web site : www.unesco.org/culture/aids Project Coordination: Helena Drobná and Christoforos Mallouris Cover design and Typesetting: Gega Paksashvili Project Coordination UNESCO: CLT/CPD/CAD - Helena Drobna, Christoforos Mallouris Project Coordination Georgia: Foundation of Georgian Arts and Culture – Maka Dvalishvili Printed by “O.S.Design” UNESCO Number: CLT/CPD/CAD-05/4D © UNESCO 2005 CONTENTS Pages Forewords 4 Preface 6 Acknowledgements 8 List of acronyms 9 Map of Georgia 10 Part I. HIV and AIDS overview in Georgia Introduction 11 I.1 HIV epidemiology in Georgia 12 I.2 Surveillance 12 I.3 Some characteristics of the Georgian culture 15 I.4 Drug use in Georgia 16 I.4.1 Drug use and related risky behaviour 16 I.4.2 Risk factors for HIV among IDU population 17
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of the Health Sector in Strengthening Systems to Support
    THE ROLE SECTOR OF THE HEALTH IN STRENGTHENING SYSTEMS TO SUPPORT CHILDREN’S DEVELOPMENT HEALTHY IN COMMUNITIES AFFECTED BY HIV The role of the health sector in strengthening systems to support children’s healthy development in ■ communities affected by HIV/AIDS A REVIEW More information may be obtained from: Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development (CAH) World Health Organization 20 Avenue Appia 1211 Geneva 27 ISBN 92 4 159462 4 Switzerland Tel +41-22 791 3281 /AIDS Fax +41-22 791 4853 WHO Email [email protected] CHILD AND ADOLESCENT HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT CHILD AND ADOLESCENT HEALTH website http://www.who.int/child-adolescent-health CAH The role of the health sector in strengthening systems to support children’s healthy development in communities affected by HIV/AIDS A REVIEW ■ CHILD AND ADOLESCENT HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT AND HEALTH ADOLESCENT AND CHILD CAH WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Richter, Linda. Strengthening systems to support children’s healthy development in communities affected by HIV/AIDS : a review. “The World Health Organization wishes to express its gratitude to Linda Richter ... and to Geoff Foster ... for drafting this document”– Acknowledgements. 1.HIV infections – prevention and control. 2.Acquired immunodefi ciency syndrome – prevention and control. 3.Child welfare. 4.Child. 5.Africa South of the Sahara. I.Foster, Geoff. II.World Health Organization. ISBN 92 4 159462 4 (NLM classifi cation: WC 503.7) ISBN 978 92 4 159462 2 © World Health Organization 2006 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO Press, World Health Organiza- tion, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: bookorders@who.
    [Show full text]
  • HIV/AIDS, Stigma and Children a Literature Review
    HIV/AIDS, stigma and children www.hsrcpress.ac.za Harriet Deacon and Inez Stephney from A literature review download Free Published by HSRC Press Private Bag X9182, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa www.hsrcpress.ac.za First published 2007 ISBN 978-0-7969-2188-8 © 2007 Human Sciences Research Council Copyedited by Vaun Cornell Typeset by Janco Yspeert Cover design by Oryx Media Cover photo: ©Branko de Lang/iAfrika Photos www.hsrcpress.ac.za Print management by Compress from Distributed in Africa by Blue Weaver Tel: +27 (0) 21 701 4477; Fax: +27 (0) 21 701 7302 download www.oneworldbooks.com Free Distributed in Europe and the United Kingdom by Eurospan Distribution Services (EDS) Tel: +44 (0) 20 7240 0856; Fax: +44 (0) 20 7379 0609 www.eurospangroup.com/bookstore Distributed in North America by Independent Publishers Group (IPG) Call toll-free: (800) 888 4741; Fax: +1 (312) 337 5985 www.ipgbook.com contents Acknowledgements iv Acronyms and abbreviations v CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Children and the HIV/AIDS pandemic 1 1.2 Children and HIV/AIDS-related stigma 1 1.3 Methodology 3 CHAPTER 2: DEFINITIONS 5 2.1 Defining stigma 5 2.2 Layered stigma 7 2.3 Defining ‘children’ 8 2.4 Should researchers focus on children orphaned by AIDS? 11 2.5 Why we need to stop focusing on orphans 14 2.6 Conclusion 15 CHAPTER 3: THE HIV/AIDS PANDEMIC, STIGMA AND CHILDREN 17 3.1 Understanding the key research areas 17 3.2 Hypothesis 1: HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination exacerbates the negative effects of the pandemic on children 20 3.3 Hypothesis 2: HIV/AIDS-related
    [Show full text]
  • Hiv & Aids Stigma, Namibian Newspapers
    HIV & AIDS STIGMA, NAMIBIAN NEWSPAPERS AND HEALTH POLICIES, 2000 - 2012: AN INVESTIGATION OF FRAMING, PRIMING AND AGENDA-SETTING EFFECTS A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (MEDIA STUDIES) OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NAMIBIA BY PERPETUA WANJA NJUGUNA 201778389 APRIL 2020 Main Supervisor: Prof Eno Akpabio (University of Namibia) Co-Supervisor: Prof Kingo Mchombu (International University of Management, Namibia) ABSTRACT Media representation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) disease has greatly influenced how the disease and those who are affected by it are perceived in the society, thus often causing stigma towards those infected and affected. This dissertation therefore investigated to what extent stigma is present in print media reporting on HIV & AIDS in Namibia. This is because controlling the spread and managing HIV & AIDS in the country has been a major challenge not only for the nation but for other southern African countries due to the high prevalence (Lewthwaite & Wilkins, 2009, p.333). Using purposive sampling, the researcher selected articles in two Namibian newspapers – The Namibian - the largest private newspaper and New Era - the largest government newspaper in Namibia, all totaling 1334 to determine framing of HIV & AIDS stories. This approach was also used to identify texts as well as headlines which were content analyzed because purposive sampling is quite useful given the nature of reporting on HIV & AIDS in the local press (Wimmer & Dominick, 2014, Leedy & Ormrod, 2005). Priming, Framing, Agenda-Setting and Social Construction of Reality theories undergirded the research (Goffman, 1974; Iyengar & Kinder, 1987; Scheufele & Tewksbury, 2007; Berger & Luckmann, 1966) while its philosophical basis was constructivism (Phillimore & Goodson, 2004), which is a theoretical framework which argues that human beings construct meaning from a combination of their lived experiences and ideas.
    [Show full text]
  • Literature Review
    LITERATURE REVIEW STRENGTHENING HIV PREVENTION AMONG ORPHANS AND OTHER VULNERABLE CHILDREN AND YOUTH IN SOUTH AFRICA LITERATURE REVIEW Strengthening HIV prevention among orphans and other vulnerable children and youth in South Africa © 2015 Written by Warren Parker, PhD Published by Department of Social Development HSRC Building, 134 Pretorius St, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa Disclaimer This report is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the Presidents Emergency Plan. The contents are the responsibility of author and do necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government Page 2 ABBREVIATIONS ART Antiretroviral treatment CBO Community-based Organisation CDG Care Dependency Grants CHAMP Collaborative HIV prevention and Adolescent Mental health Project CSG Child Support Grants DSD Department of Social Development FBO Faith-based Organisation FCG Foster Care Grants GCBS Government Capacity Building and Support HCBC Home and Community-based Care HCT HIV Counselling and Testing HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus LGBTI Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex NPO Non-profit Organisation NSP National Strategic Plan OVC Orphans and vulnerable children OVCY Orphans and other vulnerable children and youth PEPFAR The President’s Emergency Fund for AIDS Relief PLHIV Person/People Living with HIV SADC Southern African Development Community SANAC South Africa National AIDS Council SRH Sexual and reproductive health STI Sexual transmitted Infections TB Tuberculosis USAID United States Agency for International Development WHO World Health Organisation Page 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This literature review forms part of a subcomponent of the Government Capacity Building and Support (GCBS) agreement between USAID and the DSD that is focused on strengthening social and individual approaches to prevent HIV infection in children under 18 years and youth aged 18- 24.
    [Show full text]
  • AIDS, Orphan Care and the Family in Lesotho by Mary Ellen Block A
    Infected Kin: AIDS, Orphan Care and the Family in Lesotho by Mary Ellen Block A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Social Work and Anthropology) in The University of Michigan 2012 Doctoral Committee: Professor Elisha P. Renne, Co-Chair Associate Professor Karen M. Staller, Co-Chair Professor Gillian Feeley-Harnik Associate Professor Letha Chadiha Lecturer Holly Peters-Golden © Mary Ellen Block 2012 Ho bana le baholisi ba bona . ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I dedicate this dissertation to the babies and caregivers ( ho bana le baholisi ba bona ) of Mokhotlong who helped reveal to me the many challenges of the AIDS orphan crisis, and without whom this work would not be possible. From my earliest days in Mokhotlong, they opened their homes to me and shared with me their most personal and painful stories for reasons I cannot begin to imagine. People willingly and cheerfully gave me their time, entry into their private spaces and their friendship, and for that I am truly humbled and grateful. The MCS staff deserves special mention. The safe home bo’m’e (house mothers) were always welcoming, friendly and ready to laugh at my attempts at humor in Sesotho. I am particularly indebted to the outreach workers with whom I spent countless hours driving around the Lesotho countryside chatting, sleeping, and asking obvious and countless questions. For their knowledge, time and patience I am forever in their debt. To my trusted, wonderful and delightful research assistant, Ausi Ntsoaki, who drove hundreds of miles with me on the back of my dirt bike, who spent painstaking hours transcribing interviews with me, and who made every day in the field not only easier, but truly enjoyable.
    [Show full text]
  • Myths and Misconceptions of the Orthodox View of AIDS in Africa
    Etica & Politica / Ethics & Politics, IX, 2007, 2, pp. 330-370 Myths and Misconceptions of the Orthodox View of AIDS in Africa CHARLES L. GESHEKTER Department of History California State University, Chico [email protected] “Nothing in life is to be feared. It is only to be understood.” Marie Curie “To kill an error is as good a service as, and sometimes even better than, establishing a new truth or fact.” Charles Darwin ABSTRACT This article rebuts conventional claims that AIDS in Africa is a microbial problem to be controlled through sexual abstinence, behavior modification, condoms, and drugs. The or- thodox view mistakenly attributes to sexual activities the common symptoms that define an AIDS case in Africa - diarrhea, high fever, weight loss and dry cough. What has really made Africans increasingly sick over the past 25 years are deteriorating political economies, not people’s sexual behavior. The establishment view on AIDS turned poverty into a medical issue and made everyday life an obsession about safe sex. While the vast, self- perpetuating AIDS industry invented such aggressive phrases as “the war on AIDS” and “fighting stigma,” it viciously denounced any physician, scientist, journalist or citizen who exposed the inconsistencies, contradictions and errors in their campaigns. Thus, fighting AIDS in Africa degenerated into an intolerant religious crusade. Poverty and social ine- quality are the most potent co-factors for an AIDS diagnosis. In South Africa, racial ine- qualities rooted in apartheid mandated rigid segregation of health facilities and dispropor- tionate spending on the health of whites, compared to blacks. Apartheid policies ignored the diseases that primarily afflicted Africans - malaria, tuberculosis, respiratory infections and protein anemia.
    [Show full text]
  • An Annotated Bibliography Part 2: the Response to the Epidemic: Culture of Prevention and Care
    Prepared for UNESCO by the Social Science Research Council Vinh-Kim Nguyen University of Montréal Jennifer Klot Social Science Research Council Alton Phillips New York University Catherine Pirkle University of Montréal CLT/CPD/CAD-SSRCBIB/1 For more information please contact: UNESCO Division of Cultural Policies and Intercultural Dialogue 1, rue Miollis F - 75732 Paris cedex 15 [email protected] Tel: +33-1-45 68 43 30 Social Science Research Council 810 Seventh Avenue, 31st Floor New York, NY 10019 [email protected] Tel: 212.377.2700 Fax: 212.377.2727 Disclaimer: The authors are responsible for the choice and the presentation of the facts contained in this text and for the opinions expressed therein, which are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. This document was published only in English and is available at http://www.unesco.org/culture/aids and http://www.ssrc.org/programs/HIV/ Table of Contents Introduction 4 Part I: Culture and everyday life: micro and macro approaches A. Power and everyday life 1. Gender roles and power relations 6 2. Sexual violence and exploitation 11 3. Sexuality and constructions of identity 15 4. Demographic issues and reproductive health implications 19 a. Migration 21 b. Orphans and vulnerable children 26 B. Systems of Thought 1. Communities of worship 31 2. Explanatory systems and bodily practices 34 3. Healing systems 41 Part II: The response to the epidemic: cultures of prevention and care A. Biomedical responses, impacts and uptake 44 B. Behavioral approaches 48 C. Human rights based approaches 57 D.
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae Caroline C
    Last updated May 2021 CURRICULUM VITAE CAROLINE C. KUO Brown University 121 South Main Street, Box G-S121-4 Providence, RI 02912 Work Phone: +1 401 863 5453 Work Email: [email protected] EDUCATION University of Virginia, Bachelor of Arts with High Distinction (BA) 2003 Major: Political and Social Thought Honors Program Thesis: Expanding Obligations in a Shrinking World: Balancing Physician Fidelity Towards Patients, Third Parties, and Society Oxford University, Saint Cross College, Master of Philosophy (MPhil) 2007 Field of Study: International Development Thesis: Dynamic Families: Caring for Children Orphaned by AIDS in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa Oxford University, Nuffield College, Doctor of Philosophy (DPhil) 2010 Field of Study: Social Policy and Evidence-based Intervention Thesis: Health Impacts amongst Carers of Orphans and Other Children in a High HIV Prevalence Community in South Africa POSTGRADUATE TRAINING Brown University Alpert Medical School, Postdoctoral Fellowship 2010-2012 Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior and Rhode Island Hospital, Postdoctoral Fellowship in Child and Adolescent Biobehavioral HIV Brown University School of Public Health, Postdoctoral Fellowship 2010-2012 Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Postdoctoral Fellowship in Alcohol Abuse and Addictions EMPLOYMENT Assistant Professor (Research), Brown University School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, 2012-2018 Associate Professor (Research), Brown University School
    [Show full text]