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Convention on the Rights of the Child Was Considered by the Committee on the Rights of the Child at Its 603Rd and 604Th Meetings, Held on 20 January 2000

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Convention on the Rights of the Child Was Considered by the Committee on the Rights of the Child at Its 603Rd and 604Th Meetings, Held on 20 January 2000 70+6'& %4% 0#6+105 %QPXGPVKQPQPVJG Distr. 4KIJVUQHVJG%JKN GENERAL CRC/C/93/Add.6 17 July 2003 Original: ENGLISH COMMITTEE ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD CONSIDERATION OF REPORTS SUBMITTED BY STATES PARTIES UNDER ARTICLE 44 OF THE CONVENTION Second periodic reports of States parties due in 2000 ARMENIA* [Original: RUSSIAN] [21 February 2002] * For the initial report submitted by the Government of Armenia, see CRC/C/28/Add.9. For its consideration by the Committee, see documents CRC/C/SR.603 and 604 and CRC/C/15/Add.119. GE.03-43131 (E) 050903 CRC/C/93/Add.6 page 2 CONTENTS Paragraphs Page Introduction .............................................................................................. 1 - 4 5 I. INFORMATION ABOUT THE COUNTRY .............................. 5 - 23 5 A. Geography ........................................................................... 5 - 10 5 B. State structure ...................................................................... 11 6 C. Economy ............................................................................. 12 - 16 7 D. Measures to enhance the situation of children in Armenia ........................................................................... 17 - 23 7 II. GENERAL MEASURES OF IMPLEMENTATION (arts. 4, 42 and 44, para. 6, of the Convention) ............................ 24 - 38 9 III. DEFINITION OF THE CHILD (art. 1) ....................................... 39 - 60 12 IV. GENERAL PRINCIPLES ........................................................... 61- 107 16 A. Non-discrimination (art. 2) .................................................. 61 - 69 16 B. Best interests of the child (art. 3) ........................................ 70 - 84 17 C. Right to life, survival and development (art. 6) .................. 85 - 93 19 D. Right to express one’s views (art. 12) ................................. 94 - 107 21 V. CIVIL RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS ........................................... 108 - 160 23 A. Name and nationality (art. 7) .............................................. 108 - 127 23 B. Preservation of identity (art. 8) ........................................... 128 26 C. Freedom of expression (art. 13) .......................................... 129 - 135 26 D. Freedom of thought, conscience and religion (art. 14) ....... 136 - 141 28 E. Freedom of association and of peaceful assembly (art. 15) ................................................................ 142 - 146 29 F Protection of privacy (art. 16) ............................................. 147 - 152 30 G. Access to appropriate information (art. 17) ........................ 153 - 154 31 H. Right not to be subjected to torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (art. 37 (a)) ............. 155 - 160 31 CRC/C/93/Add.6 page 3 CONTENTS (continued) Paragraphs Page VI. FAMILY ENVIRONMENT AND ALTERNATIVE CARE ...... 161 - 213 32 A. Parental guidance (art. 5) .................................................... 161 - 167 32 B. Parental responsibility (art. 18, paras. 1 and 2) ................... 168 - 179 33 C. Separation from parents (art. 9) .......................................... 180 - 183 34 D. Family reunification (art. 10) .............................................. 184 - 186 35 E. Illicit transfer and non-return (art. 11) ................................ 187 - 188 35 F. Recovery of maintenance for the child (art. 27, para. 4) ..... 189 - 192 36 G. Children deprived of a family environment (art. 20) .......... 193 - 198 36 H. Adoption (art. 21) ................................................................ 199 - 203 37 I. Periodic review of placement (art. 25) ................................ 204 - 208 39 J. Abuse and neglect (art. 19); physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration (art. 39) .......................... 209 - 213 39 VII. BASIC HEALTH AND WELFARE ........................................... 214 - 325 40 A. Disabled children (art. 23) ................................................... 214 - 235 40 B. Health and health services (art. 24) ..................................... 236 - 307 43 C. Social security and childcare services and facilities (arts. 26 and 18, para. 3) ...................................................... 308 - 313 57 D. Standard of living (art. 27, paras. 1-3) ................................ 314 - 325 58 VIII. EDUCATION, LEISURE AND CULTURAL ACTIVITIES ..... 326 - 361 60 A. Education, including vocational training and guidance (art. 28) ................................................................ 326 - 346 60 B. Aims of education (art. 29) ................................................. 347 - 352 66 C. Leisure, recreation and cultural activities (art. 31) ............. 353 - 361 67 CRC/C/93/Add.6 page 4 CONTENTS Paragraphs Page IX. SPECIAL PROTECTION MEASURES ..................................... 362 - 432 71 A. Children in situations of emergency ................................... 362 - 370 71 1. Refugee children (art. 22) ............................................ 362 - 366 71 2. Children in armed conflicts (art. 38); physical and psychological recovery and social integration (art. 39) ...................................................... 367 - 370 72 B. Children involved with the system of administration of juvenile justice ................................................................ 371 - 396 72 1. The administration of juvenile justice (art. 40) ........... 371 - 387 72 2. Children deprived of their liberty, including any form of detention, imprisonment or placement in custodial settings (art. 37 (b), (c) and (d)) ................... 388 - 393 75 3. The sentencing of children, with particular reference to the prohibition of capital punishment and life imprisonment (art. 37 (a)) ............................................ 394 - 395 77 4. Physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of the child (art. 39) ................................ 396 77 C. Children in situations of exploitation; physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration ................. 397 - 420 77 1. Economic exploitation of children and child labour (art. 32) ............................................................. 397 - 406 77 2. Drug abuse (art. 33) ..................................................... 407 - 412 78 3. Sexual exploitation and sexual abuse (art. 34) ............ 413 - 417 79 4. Sale, trafficking and abduction (art. 35) ...................... 418 - 419 79 5. Other forms of exploitation (art. 36) ........................... 420 80 D. Children belonging to a minority or an indigenous group (art. 30) ...................................................................... 421 - 432 80 CRC/C/93/Add.6 page 5 Introduction 1. Armenia’s initial report on its compliance with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child was considered by the Committee on the Rights of the Child at its 603rd and 604th meetings, held on 20 January 2000. 2. The present report has been prepared in accordance with the guidelines developed by the Committee for the submission of reports and on the basis of information provided by the relevant ministries and departments concerned with children’s issues. 3. The first part of the report contains general information about the country and its population, the political system, economic development and other matters. 4. The report refers to those statutes and subsidiary legislation which have been adopted by Armenia in compliance with its obligations under the Convention. I. INFORMATION ABOUT THE COUNTRY A. Geography 5. The Republic of Armenia lies in the north-east of the Armenian plateau, where the continents of Europe and Asia meet. Armenia has an area of 29,800 sq km and borders Turkey to the west, Georgia to the north, Azerbaijan to the east and the Islamic Republic of Iran to the south. The country is rich in natural and mineral resources and has deposits of gold, copper, molybdenum, zinc, aluminium and other minerals. There are also large deposits of building stone. 6. The history of the Armenian State dates back several thousand years before the Armenians’ adoption of Christianity (301 AD) and the invention of the Armenian script (405 AD). The year 2001 marks the 4,494th year in the Armenian traditional calendar, which runs from the reign of King Aik, founder of the Armenian State. The history of the Armenian people accordingly extends over a number of millennia. The first proto-State on the territory of modern-day Armenia was the State of Urartu, or Ararat, formed in the ninth century BC. Over the period from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries, Armenia was divided between Persia and the Ottoman empire. In the early nineteenth century, Armenia’s eastern districts were annexed by the Russian empire. The Armenian population that was incorporated in the Ottoman empire were the victims of massacres under Sultan Abdul Hamid, in 1894-1896, and under the Young Turk regime in 1915-1920. The date 24 April 1915 commemorates a tragic event for Armenians: the unleashing of the genocide of the Armenian people in the Ottoman empire. This deliberate policy pursued by the Ottoman Turkish rulers resulted in the vicious slaughter of more than 2 million Armenians living in western Armenia. 7. The most recent period of Armenian history dates from the restoration of Armenian statehood in 1991, when, following the collapse of the Soviet Union and on the basis of a national referendum, Armenia proclaimed its independence. After the collapse of the USSR, however, the Republic of Azerbaijan
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