DOCSLIB.ORG

Republic of ARMENIA Country Profile

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Republic of ARMENIA Country Profile Anush PERIKHANYAN MPH Yerevan State Medical University Department of Public Health Republic of ARMENIA Country profile http://www.who.int/countries/arm/en/ 1 Armenia - a lower-middle income country 3-5% (officially)prevalence of HCV among the general population (2013). HCV in 3rd highest rate in CIS countries (Georgia 6.7% Armenia/CIS and Uzbekistan 6.5%) Hepatitis C in Armenia- 44% have HCV genotype 1 37% have genotype 3 19% have genotype 2 Maistat L., Golovin S., Deineka O. and T, Khan. Hepatitis C in Eastern Europe and Central Asiа: Civil Society Respone to the Epidemics; 2015. http://www.aidsalliance.org.ua/ru/news/pdf/28.10.2015/EECA%20HCV%20EN.pdf. Accessed November 9, 2015 injecting drug users imprisoned persons patients getting hemodialysis commercial sex workers patients with tuberculosis healthcare workers oncological patients healthy population 70% HCV among 60% different groups is: people who inject drugs; 50% people who use intranasal drugs; recipients of infected blood products or 40% invasive procedures in health-care facilities with inadequate infection control practices ; children born to mothers infected with HCV ; 30% people with sexual partners who are HCV- infected; 20% people with HIV infection; prisoners or previously incarcerated persons; 10% people who have had tattoos or piercings 0% 1 2 In 2015 effective N3691 order-A “Methodological guideline for epidemiological management of viral Management hepatitis B, C”. of Hepatitis C The epidemiological control of viral hepatitis C is done by the National Center for Disease Control of the in Armenia Republic of Armenia (NCDC), which provides methodological management of prevention and regular control activities of HCV. 1. By health care workers Case detection 2. Detection criteria are: and data Clinical – anti-HCV positive collection Epidemiological - anamnesis, contact with hepatitis C patient, blood transfusion, invasive interventions. Laboratory - quick test (presence of HCV antibodies in the blood) and nucleic acid test for HCV RNA. 3 Pregnant women (1 per pregnancy) Recipients of blood, blood components, organs and Mandatory tissues (6 months after injecting blood or its components from people screening suspected to be infected with HCV) cost Donors of blood, blood components, organs and tissues (During each donation or taking each donor substance) Medical personnel and staff of service organizations. (once each year) Patients from the departments of Hemodialysis, Kidney transplantation, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary surgery (each month) Prices of HCV tests in the laboratories of Armenia (US $) 4 Model of combination of interferon and ribavirin No DAA medication is registered in Armenia Treatment HCV treatment medications are not included in “The list of basic medications for Republic of Armenia” or “The list of life-needed low-demand medications”. In the local market, the treatment can cost up to 16 000 US$ per 48 weeks. Primary prevention of the infection with vaccination is currently unavailable. Source- Tatevik Movsesyan, MPH. “Establishing hepatitis C patients’ surveillance system in the Republic of Armenia” Master of Public Health Integrating Experience Project. 24 weeks 48 weeks Rebetol 200mg + Pegasys 6,595 13,189 180mkg/0.5mg Rebetol 200mg + Peginteron 7,485 14, 970 150mg/0.5mg Copegus 200mg +Pegasys 4,748 9,495 Budget of 180mkg/0.5mg Copegus 200mg +Peginteron 5,638 11,276 treatment 150mg/0.5mg Interferon/riba virin and DAA (US$) Source- Tatevik Movsesyan, MPH. “Establishing hepatitis C patients’ surveillance system in the Republic of Armenia” Master of Public Health Integrating Experience Project. 5 Weaknesses Decision to be made on Health-care providers often face difficult decisions and considerable uncertainty while treating patients. They rely on the Strict national guideline for HCV scientific literature, in addition to their management knowledge, skills, experience, and patient preferences, to make their decisions. DAA registration The latest Methodological guideline Public Health companies approved by MOH describes case detection, diagnosis and registration only. Budget allocated for prevention and It does not contain information about the treatment. treatment strategies. Revision of costs High cost of treatment. No reimbursement Source- Tatevik Movsesyan, MPH. “Establishing hepatitis C patients’ surveillance system in the Republic of Armenia” Master of Public Health Integrating Experience Project. INTERESTING Doctors prescribe “Armenicum “ to HCV patients It was shown that as the results of Armenicum drug (concentrate) administration in HCV patients The level of viral load was decreased The level of biochemical parameters (ALT, AST) was decreased already after a month of initiating the drug administration. The obtained results allow to predict a positive action of the drug at the treatment of other liver diseases, such as chronic viral Hepatitis B, fatty hepatosis, liver cirrhosis, autoimmune and toxic hepatitis. Studies on this direction are being continued. 6 Thank You! 7.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Qualitative Study to Explore the Knowledge and Attitude of Pregnant Women Regarding HIV/AIDS Testing in Kotayk Region and in Yerevan, Armenia
    Qualitative study to explore the knowledge and attitude of pregnant women regarding HIV/AIDS testing in Kotayk region and in Yerevan, Armenia Utilizing Professional Publication Framework Henrik Khachatryan, MD, MPH candidate, American University of Armenia Primary Adviser: M. Thompson, MS, DrPH Secondary Adviser: K. White, RN, PhD, CNAA October 2005 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................................................1 Background Information and Literature review....................................................................................................1 Rationale for the Research and Research Questions.............................................................................................4 METHODS AND MATERIALS........................................................................................................................................5 Study design...........................................................................................................................................................5 Study population ....................................................................................................................................................5 Sampling and Study Setting...................................................................................................................................6 Data collection Instrument.....................................................................................................................................6
    [Show full text]
  • CURRICULUM VITAE Updated on Jan 24, 2020
    T. Davtyan, Armenia CURRICULUM VITAE Updated on Jan 24, 2020 Surname Davtyan First name(s) Tigran Affiliation and official address Rhea Pharmaceutical Armenia LLC Armenia, 0084, Yerevan Gusan Sherami St., 2 Building (Malatia-Sebastia adm. district) Republic of Armenia Tel.: (+374-) 91 400994, 98-55-96-29 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Present Positions: Professor, Chief Scientist Rhea Pharmaceutical Armenia LLC Home address: Michurin str. 5, 23, 375041, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia. Tel: +374 10 55-96-29 Date and Place of birth: 1 December, 1966, Yerevan, Armenia Nationality: Armenian Citizenship: Republic of Armenia Passport ARM, AH0248176, 24 OCT 2006, 009 ID № 1112660259 Marital status: Married, has 2 children, 3 grandchild Education (degrees, dates, universities) 2016 Professor. Field: Biology 2003 Doctor of Biological Sciences (ScD). Field: Molecular Biology 1993 Candidate of Biological Sciences (Ph.D); Field :Genetics and Immunology 1989-1992 Ph.D. student, Laboratory of Genetic Mechanisms of Cell Malignization And Differentiation, Institute of Cytology, St. Petersburg, Russia. 1983-1988 Yerevan State Medical University, Faculty of Pharmacy Specialization (specify) Drug Design and quality control, HIV/AIDS and clinical immunology; Viral infections; immunity and stress resistance; Molecular mechanisms and Genetic regulation of innate immune response; Autoinflammation; 1 T. Davtyan, Armenia Career/Employment (employers, positions and dates) 2011- 2019 Director of Analytical Laboratory of Scientific Centre of Drug and Medical Thechnology Experttise JSC 1999 - 2011 Head of HIV-Clinical Trail Laboratory of the ARMENICUM Research Center, Yerevan, Rep. of Armenia. 1998 - 2006 Consultant on Science, Laboratory of Immunology, The Second Clinical Hospital of the Yerevan State Medical University, Rep.
    [Show full text]
  • LIST of REGISTRED DRUGS in ARMENIA (Up to 31.12.2017)
    LIST OF REGISTRED DRUGS IN ARMENIA (Up to 31.12.2017) International nonproprietary Registration Term of Legal status for N Trade name name (generic) or Drug form Dose and packaging Manufacturer Country ATC1 code License holder number registration supply active ingredients name Lek Pharmaceuticals pefloxacin Lek Pharmaceuticals 400mg, 10.03.2015 d.d., Verovskova Str. 1 Abaktal (pefloxacin tablets film-coated d.d., Verovskova Str. Slovenia J01MA03 14308 PoM2 in blister (10/1x10/) 10.03.2020 57, 1526 Ljubljana, mesylate dihydrate) 57, 1526 Ljubljana Slovenia Lilly France S.A.S., Eli Lilly Regional 100IU/ml, Zone Industrielle, 2 17.03.2017 Operations GmbH., 2 Abasaglar insulin glargine solution for injection France A10AE04 16535 PoM 3ml cartridges (5) rue du Colonel Lilly, 17.03.2022 Koelblgasse 8-10, 67640 Fegersheim 1030, Vienna, Austria Help S.A ,10 ambroxol Help S.A. Pedini, Valaoritou str., GR 6mg/ml, 09.03.2016 3 Abrobion (ambroxol syrup Ioanninon, Ioannina, Greece R05CB06 15404 OTC3 144 52, 125ml glass bottle 09.03.2021 hydrochloride) 45500 Metamorphosis, Attika, Greece Salutas Pharma GmbH, Otto-von- Guericke-Alle-1, 100mg/5ml, 39179 Barleben-batch Sandoz 30g powder in 75ml glass powder for oral releaser, Allphamed Pharmaceuticals d.d., bottle and measuring 20.10.2015 4 ACC acetylcysteine solution with orange Pharbil Arzneimittel Germany R05CB01 14947 OTC Verovskova Str. 57, spoon 5ml, 60g powder in 20.10.2020 flavour GmbH Hildebrandstr. 1000 Ljubljana, 150ml glass bottle and 12, 37081 Gottingen, Slovenia measuring spoon 5ml Germany-bulk manufacturer, packager 1 Salutas Pharma GmbH, Otto-von- Guericke-Alle-1, 39179 Barleben - Sandoz batch releaser Pharmaceuticals d.d., 100mg, 21.11.2014 5 ACC 100 acetylcysteine tablets effervescent (Hermes Pharma Germany R05CB01 13967 OTC Verovskova Str.
    [Show full text]
  • Diminished IL-10 Production Is Associated with Impaired Versatility of Monocytes in Familial Mediterranean Fever Tigran K
    C al & ellu ic la n r li Im C m f u Journal of o n l o a l n o r Davtyan et al., J Clin Cell Immunol 2014, 5:2 g u y o J DOI: 10.4172/2155-9899.1000196 ISSN: 2155-9899 Clinical & Cellular Immunology Research Article Open Access Diminished IL-10 production is Associated with Impaired Versatility of Monocytes in Familial Mediterranean Fever Tigran K. Davtyan1*, Gagik S. Hakobyan2, Samvel A. Avetisyan3, Anna G. Sukiasyan4 and Yuri T. Aleksanyan4 1Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, "Armenicum" Research Centre, CJSC Armenicum, 37 Nalbandyan St., Yerevan, Republic of Armenia 2Department of Internal Medicine, Yerevan State Medical University, Koryun 2 St., Yerevan, Republic of Armenia 3Department of Pathophysiology; Yerevan State Medical University, Koryun 2 St., Yerevan, Republic of Armenia 4Laboratory of Epidemiology and Immunology, Institute of Epidemiology, Virology and Medical Parasitology, Ministry of Health RA, Yerevan, Armenia *Corresponding author: Dr. Tigran K. Davtyan, PhD, ScD, Analytical Laboratory Branch, Scientific Centre of Drug and Medical Technology Expertise JSC, Armenia, Tel: +374 10 23-72-61; Fax: +374 10 28-07-33; E-mail: [email protected] Received date: Jan 15, 2014, Accepted date: Mar 10, 2014, Published date: Mar 17, 2014 Copyright: © 2014 Davtyan TK, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract Purpose: The nature of the heightened endotoxin sensitivity state observed in Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) at present remains unknown.
    [Show full text]
  • HIV/AIDS Bartelink, B.; Pape, U
    University of Groningen Political, social and religious dimensions in the fight against HIV/AIDS Bartelink, B.; Pape, U. IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2010 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Bartelink, B., & Pape, U. (2010). Political, social and religious dimensions in the fight against HIV/AIDS: Negotiating worldviews, facing practical challenges. s.n. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). The publication may also be distributed here under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license. More information can be found on the University of Groningen website: https://www.rug.nl/library/open-access/self-archiving-pure/taverne- amendment. Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 28-09-2021 The CDS Research Report series COLOFON: The CDS Research Report series publishes research papers, interesting working papers and pre-prints, as well as CDS seminar reports.
    [Show full text]
  • HIV EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE in the REPUBLIC of ARMENIA, 2014 Annual Report
    MINISTRY OF HEALTH NATIONAL CENTER FOR AIDS PREVENTION HIV EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE IN THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA, 2014 Annual Report Yerevan 2015 Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 4 Summary HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Situation in Armenia, 2014 ................................................. 4 HIV/AIDS cases and deaths according to the years of registration .................................................. 4 HIV cases by age groups and sex ......................................................................................................... 5 Registered HIV cases according to the modes of transmission ......................................................... 6 Characteristic features of the HIV epidemic trends in the Republic of Armenia ........................... 8 Registered HIV cases by the country regions...................................................................................... 11 HIV prevalence and behavioural indicators among population groups ........................................... 12 Follow up, ART, PMTCT, PEP ............................................................................................................ 18 HIV and co-infections ............................................................................................................................ 19 OST in Armenia ....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Sexual Health in Armenia Looking:” Life with Hiv Page 3
    “YOU CAN’T TELL BY SEXUAL HEALTH IN ARMENIA LOOKING:” LIFE WITH HIV PAGE 3 WHY NOT TALKING ABOUT SEX IS BAD FOR YOUR HEALTH PAGE 4 DECEMBER 2008 WHY YOU SHOULD GET STI TESTED BEFORE D i s t r i b u t e d i n c o o p e r a t i o n w i t h A r m e n i a n n e w s p a p e r s GETTING PREGNANT Aravot, Novoye Vremya, Noyan Tapan, Ban u gorts, Kamq+. Talin Askhkarh, Lusardzak, Vorotan, Syunyats Yerkir, PAGE 5 Vanadzoryan Khchankar, Sevan, Hingshabti, Shrjadardz, Tufashkharhi Arorya Cover Art by “This Month” Design Team “IE A RED On December 1, people wear red ribbons to show they have joined the fight against HIV and AIDS. RIBBON Go to www.worldaidsday.org to order free ribbons and find out more about the deadly virus. NEXT MONTH: The Armenian government is dramatically overhauling pensions, affecting not only the elderly, but anyone who is old enough to work. Find out how the changes affect you in our next issue, Pensions and You, out Feb. 1 2 SEXUAL HEALTH IN ARMENIA DECEMBER This publication is made possible through the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The content does not necessarily reflect the views of IREX, the Primary Health Care Reform Project, USAID, or the US government. he most shocking affect the health of you, your partner, and even your unborn thing about HIV is children (pages 4-5).
    [Show full text]
  • EMBASE Recherche Vom 16.09.2010 Suchschritt
    Anlage 1 EMBASE Recherche vom 16.09.2010 Suchschritt : ((FT=interleukin-2 AND FT=hiv ) AND FT=randomized ) AND (LA=ENGLISH OR LA=GERMAN) AND (pps=AIDS OR pps=Mensch) » Volltext-Angebot » 4/1 von 127 DIMDI: EMBASE (EM00) © 2010 Elsevier B.V. ND: EM2010463395 Autoren: Bosch RJ; Pollard RB; Landay A; Aga E; Fox L; Mitsuyasu R Titel: Continuing or adding IL-2 in patients treated with antiretroviral therapy (ACTG Protocol A5051, a rollover trial of ACTG Protocol A328) Source: AIDS Research and Therapy; VOL: 7 /20100805/ http://www.aidsrestherapy.com/content/7/1/30 NCT: ClinicalTrials.gov-NCT00000923 ANR: 30 DOI: 10.1186/1742-6405-7-30 PU: BioMed Central Ltd. SU: EMBASE Sprache: English AL: English CY: United Kingdom ISSN: 1742-6405 Institution: Bosch RJ, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston MA, United States, [email protected] COU: United States DT: Journal Article RN: 0006 Keywords AB: Background: Effective antiretroviral therapy reduces HIV-1 RNA levels, improves CD4 T-cell counts, and lowers the risk of opportunistic infections and malignancies. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) has been shown to increase CD4 T-cell numbers mainly by expanding CD4 cells and by prolonging their half-lives. HIV-infected patients previously enrolled into A328 had been randomized to antiretroviral therapy (ART) alone or ART followed by IL-2. In A5051, 53 patients from A328 who had previously received IL-2 were allowed to continue IL-2 for an additional 80 weeks; 27 patients who had received ART alone received IL-2 for 80 weeks.Results: The patients previously receiving IL-2 continued to have elevated CD4 levels with extended use of IL-2.
    [Show full text]
  • Convention on the Rights of the Child Was Considered by the Committee on the Rights of the Child at Its 603Rd and 604Th Meetings, Held on 20 January 2000
    70+6'& %4% 0#6+105 %QPXGPVKQPQPVJG Distr. 4KIJVUQHVJG%JKN GENERAL CRC/C/93/Add.6 17 July 2003 Original: ENGLISH COMMITTEE ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD CONSIDERATION OF REPORTS SUBMITTED BY STATES PARTIES UNDER ARTICLE 44 OF THE CONVENTION Second periodic reports of States parties due in 2000 ARMENIA* [Original: RUSSIAN] [21 February 2002] * For the initial report submitted by the Government of Armenia, see CRC/C/28/Add.9. For its consideration by the Committee, see documents CRC/C/SR.603 and 604 and CRC/C/15/Add.119. GE.03-43131 (E) 050903 CRC/C/93/Add.6 page 2 CONTENTS Paragraphs Page Introduction .............................................................................................. 1 - 4 5 I. INFORMATION ABOUT THE COUNTRY .............................. 5 - 23 5 A. Geography ........................................................................... 5 - 10 5 B. State structure ...................................................................... 11 6 C. Economy ............................................................................. 12 - 16 7 D. Measures to enhance the situation of children in Armenia ........................................................................... 17 - 23 7 II. GENERAL MEASURES OF IMPLEMENTATION (arts. 4, 42 and 44, para. 6, of the Convention) ............................ 24 - 38 9 III. DEFINITION OF THE CHILD (art. 1) ....................................... 39 - 60 12 IV. GENERAL PRINCIPLES ........................................................... 61- 107 16 A. Non-discrimination (art. 2) .................................................
    [Show full text]
  • IGCP 630: Permian and Triassic Integrated Stratigraphy and Climatic, Environmental and Biotic Extremes the PERMIAN-TRIASSIC TRANSITION in SOUTHERN ARMENIA
    INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGICAL FIELD TRIP IGCP 630: Permian and Triassic integrated Stratigraphy and Climatic, Environmental and Biotic Extremes THE PERMIAN-TRIASSIC TRANSITION IN SOUTHERN ARMENIA October 8th - 14th, 2017 Field photograph of the Vedi area (southern Armenia). In the foreground, carbonates at the Permian-Triassic boundary (PTB) are tectonically overlain by Cenomanian limestones IGCP 630 Field Workshop in Armenia Editors, coordinators: L. Sahakyan1, A. Baud2, A. Grigoryan1, E. Friesenbichler3, S. Richoz4 1Institute of Geological Sciences, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Marshall Baghramyan avenue 24a, Yerevan 0019, Armenia. 2BCG, Parc de la Rouvraie 28, CH-1018 Lausanne, Switzerland 3 Paleontological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4,CH 8006 Zurich, Switzerland 4 Department of Geology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, Se-223 62 Lund, Sweden 5th IGCP 630 International conference and field workshop, 8-14 October, 2017 Yerevan, Armenia IGCP 630 Field Workshop 2017 in South Armenia October 8 to 14, 2017, Yerevan, Armenia Conveners: L. Sahakyan1, A. Baud2, A. Grigoryan1 & Zhong-Qiang Chen3 1Institute of Geological Sciences, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, 2 BCG, Parc de la Rouvraie 28, CH-1018 Lausanne, Switzerland 3China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), China Workshop schedule: October 8: Arrival in Yerevan, transfer to a hotel. October 9: Conference Day 1, at the Round Hall of Presidium of the Armenian National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan. October 10: Conference Day 2, at the Round Hall of Presidium of the Armenian National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan., and Visit of the Khor Virap monastery and the Matenadaran Scientific Research Institute of Ancient Manuscripts. October 11: Field Trip, Day 1,Yerevan to Ogbin (166 km by bus).
    [Show full text]
  • HIV/AIDS in Armenia Places Take Place in Smaller Groups and Only Among Familiar People
    HIV/AIDS IN ARMENIA: A SOCIO-CULTURALAPPROACH UNESCO 2005 CONTENTS FOREWORDS .......................................................................................................................... 5 PREFACE .................................................................................................................................. 8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................... 10 The views and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors, and do not nec- LIST OF ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................... 11 essarily represent the views and official positions of UNESCO or of the Flemish government. MAP OF ARMENIA ............................................................................................................... 13 The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this review do not imply INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 15 the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO or the Flemish government PART I. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-CCULTURAL REVIEW concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authorities, or concerning I.1. Existing information on prevalence and trends of the disease ....................................... 16 its frontiers or boundaries. I.2. Demographics of registered PLHIV ..............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Reporting from Within HIV and AIDS in the South Caucasus: a Manual for Journalists 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
    3 REPORTING FROM WITHIN HIV and AIDS in the South Caucasus: A Manual for Journalists 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This manual was written by Sandrine Amiel, Mark Grigorian, Jeanne Lawler, Nora T. Schenkel, and Helen Sewell. Special thanks are offered to Michael Randall for coordinating this project and bringing it into fruition. Particular gratitude is expressed to all those who contributed to this project by providing professional advice and sharing their experiences, notably Helena Drobna, Renate Ehmer, Cynthia Buckley, Jeyhun Najafov and Tiko Tsomania. This manual built on a series of “Training of Trainers” workshops held in Tbilisi, in September 2006, facilitated by Naomi Goldsmith (BBC World Service Trust) and Helena Drobna (UNESCO). Grateful acknowledgments go to all workshop participants. The development of this manual was made possible through financial support from the Flemish government. Published by: The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Culture Sector Division of Cultural Policies and Intercultural Dialogue Culture, HIV and AIDS Project 1, rue Miollis F-75732 Paris Cedex 15, France Email: [email protected] Website: www.unesco.org/culture/aids All rights reserved. This document may be freely reviewed, abstracted, reproduced or translated, in part or in whole, but not for sale or for use in conjunction with commercial purposes, provided that mention is made of the source. © October 2008. United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and British Broadcasting Company World Service Trust (BBC WST) The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO or the Flemish government concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authorities, or concerning its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]