HIV/AIDS Bartelink, B.; Pape, U
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What You Should Know About HIV and AIDS
WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW ABOUT HIV & AIDS WHAT IS AIDS? AIDS is the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome – a serious illness that makes the body unable to fight infection. A person with AIDS is susceptible to certain infections and cancers. When a person with AIDS cannot fight off infections, this person becomes ill. These infections can eventually kill a person with AIDS. WHAT CAUSES AIDS? The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes AIDS. Early diagnosis of HIV infection is important! If you have been told that you have HIV, you should get prompt medical treatment. In many cases, early treatment can enhance a person’s ability to remain healthy as long as possible. Free or reduced cost anonymous and confidential testing with counseling is available at every local health department in Kentucky. After being infected with HIV, it takes between two weeks to three months before the test can detect antibodies to the virus. HOW IS THE HIV VIRUS SPREAD? Sexual contact (oral, anal, or vaginal intercourse) with an infected person when blood, pre-ejaculation fluid, semen, rectal fluids or cervical/vaginal secretions are exchanged. Sharing syringes, needles, cotton, cookers and other drug injecting equipment with someone who is infected. Receiving contaminated blood or blood products (very unlikely now because blood used in transfusions has been tested for HIV antibodies since March 1985). An infected mother passing HIV to her unborn child before or during childbirth, and through breast feeding. Receipt of transplant, tissue/organs, or artificial insemination from an infected donor. Needle stick or other sharps injury in a health care setting involving an infected person. -
Adverse Reactions to HIV Vaccines: Medical, Ethical, and Legal Issues
Adverse Reactions to HIV Vaccines: Medical, Ethical, and Legal Issues September 1995 OTA-BP-H-163 GPO stock #052-003-01429-7 Recommended Citation: U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, Adverse Reactions to HIV Vaccines: Medical, Ethical, and Legal Issues, OTA-BP-H-163 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, September 1995). oreword IDS researchers are investigating new vaccines that would prevent infection with HIV and reduce the spread of AIDS. Some have argued that product liabil- ity concerns have discouraged investment in HIV vaccine research and devel- opment. The purpose of this OTA background paper is to describe the current state of development of HIV vaccines, and to discuss what is known about adverse reac- tions that may occur. The background paper provides an overview of ethical issues that arise in the conduct of HIV vaccine trials. The report also discusses alternatives to the current product liability system to encourage the development of HIV vaccines and to fairly compensate those who are harmed as a result of adverse reactions to the vaccine. This background paper was prepared in response to a request from the Subcommittee on Health of the House Ways and Means Committee. It is eleventh in OTA’s series of studies on HIV-related issues. The preceding papers in this series were: Do Insects Transmit AIDS? (9/87), AIDS and Health Insurance: An OTA Survey (2/88), How Effective is AIDS Education? (6/88), The Impact of AIDS on the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program (Northern California Region) (7/88), How Has Federal Research on AIDS/HIV Disease Contributed to Other Fields? (4/90), The Effectiveness of Drug Abuse Treatment: Implications for Controlling AIDS/HIV Infection (9/90), HIV in the Health Care Workplace (11/91), The CDC’s Case Definition of AIDS: Implications of the Proposed Revisions (8/92), Difficult-to-reuse Needles for the Prevention of HIV Infection Among Injecting Drug Abusers (10/92), and External Review of the Federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s HIV Prevention Programs (9/94). -
International Guidelines on HIV/AIDS and Human Rights 2006 Consolidated Version
International Guidelines on HIV/AIDS and Human Rights 2006 Consolidated Version Second International Consultation on HIV/AIDS and Human Rights Geneva, 23-25 September 1996 Third International Consultation on HIV/AIDS and Human Rights Geneva, 25-26 July 2002 Organized jointly by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS OFFICE OF THE UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS Material contained in this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted, provided credit is given and a copy containing the reprinted material is sent to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, CH-1211 Geneva 10, and to UNAIDS, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations or UNAIDS concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Published jointly by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. HR/PUB/06/9 UN PUBLICATION Sales No. E.06.XIV.4 ISBN 92-1-154168-9 © Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 2006. All rights reserved. Publications produced by UNAIDS can be obtained from the UNAIDS Information Centre. Requests for permission to translate UNAIDS publications—whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution—should also be addressed to the Information Centre at the address below, or by fax, at +41 22 791 4187, or e-mail: [email protected]. -
HIV Infection, AIDS, and Cancer
cancer.org | 1.800.227.2345 HIV Infection, AIDS, and Cancer People with HIV infection or AIDS are at higher risk for some types of cancer than people who are not infected. Here we will discuss the risks of certain cancers in people with HIV infection or AIDS, what tests these people might need to look for cancers early, and how these cancers are generally treated. ● What Are HIV and AIDS? ● How Are HIV and AIDS Related to Cancer? ● What Can People with HIV or AIDS Do to Try to Lower Their Risk of Cancer or Find It Early? ● How Is Cancer Treated in People with HIV or AIDS? What Are HIV and AIDS? Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, better known as AIDS, is caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). AIDS is the most advanced stage of HIV infection. Over time, the virus attacks and destroys the body’s immune system (the system that protects the body from disease). Without a fully working immune system, a person is at risk for getting other infections that usually don’t affect healthy people. These are called opportunistic infections. People with HIV also have a greater risk of getting certain types of cancer, such as Kaposi sarcoma1, lymphoma2, and cervical cancer3, as well as other health problems. Many of these problems can threaten life. 1 ____________________________________________________________________________________American Cancer Society cancer.org | 1.800.227.2345 More than 1 million people in the United States are now living with HIV infection, and nearly 500,000 are living with AIDS. Women account for about 1 out of 4 people infected with HIV in this country. -
Hiv/Aids and Its Impact Hiv/Aids
Section 1 HIV/AIDS and its impact Section 2 Legal and policy HIV/AIDS AND ITS IMPACT framework Section 3 Employers need a clear understanding of HIV/AIDS and the impact of the epidemic in order to plan a workplace programme. Developing workplace policies This Section helps you fi nd basic information about inf HIV and inf AIDS, and their implications for society as a whole as well as for Section 4 the world of work. Implementing workplace programmes To view the contents, click on the headings on the left or scroll through the pages. Section 5 Good practice and lessons learnt HIV/AIDS - the facts The Human Immunodefi ciency Virus (HIV) is a virus that weakens the body’s immune system, ultimately causing AIDS. The Acquired Immune Defi ciency Syndrome (AIDS) is a cluster of medical conditions linke to HIV infection. These conditions include diseases known as inf 2 opportunistic infections, as well as certain cancers. To date there is no cure, but the onset of AIDS can be slowed and symptoms relieved with the appropriate use of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs). A person with HIV is not necessarily sick, and can go on working for a number of years after infection. ARVs make it possible for people to continue living full and productive lives. You are in Section 1 The ILO Code of Practice on HIV/AIDS and the world of work (Appendix I) and the accompanying HIV/AIDS and its impact Education and Training Manual contain basic facts about the epidemic and its implications, conditions that contribute to inf HIV and AIDS – the facts vulnerability, and the gender dimension. -
Coversheet for Thesis in Sussex Research Online
A University of Sussex DPhil thesis Available online via Sussex Research Online: http://eprints.sussex.ac.uk/ This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Please visit Sussex Research Online for more information and further details Knowledge Accumulation and Vaccine Innovation: Lessons from Polio and HIV/AIDS Ohid Yaqub Doctor of Philosophy University of Sussex Submitted in September 2008 ii I hereby declare that this thesis has not been submitted, either in the same or different form, to this or any other university for a degree. Ohid Yaqub iii To my parents and Corinne, Two worlds that should not be separate. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis was funded by the Economic and Social Research Council and supervised by Paul Nightingale. Paul is a supervisor who is extremely generous with his time, ideas and encouragement; and who manages to make academia look extremely fun. His energy and enthusiasm were most important to me when I really thought the ship was sinking. I cannot thank him enough and feel privileged to have worked with him. My first opportunity to pursue some of the ideas in this thesis was under the supervision of Ed Steinmueller and Aldo Geuna. -
Republic of ARMENIA Country Profile
Anush PERIKHANYAN MPH Yerevan State Medical University Department of Public Health Republic of ARMENIA Country profile http://www.who.int/countries/arm/en/ 1 Armenia - a lower-middle income country 3-5% (officially)prevalence of HCV among the general population (2013). HCV in 3rd highest rate in CIS countries (Georgia 6.7% Armenia/CIS and Uzbekistan 6.5%) Hepatitis C in Armenia- 44% have HCV genotype 1 37% have genotype 3 19% have genotype 2 Maistat L., Golovin S., Deineka O. and T, Khan. Hepatitis C in Eastern Europe and Central Asiа: Civil Society Respone to the Epidemics; 2015. http://www.aidsalliance.org.ua/ru/news/pdf/28.10.2015/EECA%20HCV%20EN.pdf. Accessed November 9, 2015 injecting drug users imprisoned persons patients getting hemodialysis commercial sex workers patients with tuberculosis healthcare workers oncological patients healthy population 70% HCV among 60% different groups is: people who inject drugs; 50% people who use intranasal drugs; recipients of infected blood products or 40% invasive procedures in health-care facilities with inadequate infection control practices ; children born to mothers infected with HCV ; 30% people with sexual partners who are HCV- infected; 20% people with HIV infection; prisoners or previously incarcerated persons; 10% people who have had tattoos or piercings 0% 1 2 In 2015 effective N3691 order-A “Methodological guideline for epidemiological management of viral Management hepatitis B, C”. of Hepatitis C The epidemiological control of viral hepatitis C is done by the National Center for Disease Control of the in Armenia Republic of Armenia (NCDC), which provides methodological management of prevention and regular control activities of HCV. -
Qualitative Study to Explore the Knowledge and Attitude of Pregnant Women Regarding HIV/AIDS Testing in Kotayk Region and in Yerevan, Armenia
Qualitative study to explore the knowledge and attitude of pregnant women regarding HIV/AIDS testing in Kotayk region and in Yerevan, Armenia Utilizing Professional Publication Framework Henrik Khachatryan, MD, MPH candidate, American University of Armenia Primary Adviser: M. Thompson, MS, DrPH Secondary Adviser: K. White, RN, PhD, CNAA October 2005 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................................................1 Background Information and Literature review....................................................................................................1 Rationale for the Research and Research Questions.............................................................................................4 METHODS AND MATERIALS........................................................................................................................................5 Study design...........................................................................................................................................................5 Study population ....................................................................................................................................................5 Sampling and Study Setting...................................................................................................................................6 Data collection Instrument.....................................................................................................................................6 -
CURRICULUM VITAE Updated on Jan 24, 2020
T. Davtyan, Armenia CURRICULUM VITAE Updated on Jan 24, 2020 Surname Davtyan First name(s) Tigran Affiliation and official address Rhea Pharmaceutical Armenia LLC Armenia, 0084, Yerevan Gusan Sherami St., 2 Building (Malatia-Sebastia adm. district) Republic of Armenia Tel.: (+374-) 91 400994, 98-55-96-29 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Present Positions: Professor, Chief Scientist Rhea Pharmaceutical Armenia LLC Home address: Michurin str. 5, 23, 375041, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia. Tel: +374 10 55-96-29 Date and Place of birth: 1 December, 1966, Yerevan, Armenia Nationality: Armenian Citizenship: Republic of Armenia Passport ARM, AH0248176, 24 OCT 2006, 009 ID № 1112660259 Marital status: Married, has 2 children, 3 grandchild Education (degrees, dates, universities) 2016 Professor. Field: Biology 2003 Doctor of Biological Sciences (ScD). Field: Molecular Biology 1993 Candidate of Biological Sciences (Ph.D); Field :Genetics and Immunology 1989-1992 Ph.D. student, Laboratory of Genetic Mechanisms of Cell Malignization And Differentiation, Institute of Cytology, St. Petersburg, Russia. 1983-1988 Yerevan State Medical University, Faculty of Pharmacy Specialization (specify) Drug Design and quality control, HIV/AIDS and clinical immunology; Viral infections; immunity and stress resistance; Molecular mechanisms and Genetic regulation of innate immune response; Autoinflammation; 1 T. Davtyan, Armenia Career/Employment (employers, positions and dates) 2011- 2019 Director of Analytical Laboratory of Scientific Centre of Drug and Medical Thechnology Experttise JSC 1999 - 2011 Head of HIV-Clinical Trail Laboratory of the ARMENICUM Research Center, Yerevan, Rep. of Armenia. 1998 - 2006 Consultant on Science, Laboratory of Immunology, The Second Clinical Hospital of the Yerevan State Medical University, Rep. -
A Review on Prevention and Treatment of Aids
Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal Review Article Open Access A Review on prevention and treatment of aids Abstract Volume 5 Issue 1 - 2017 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus which causes acquired immune Chinmaya keshari sahoo,1 Nalini kanta deficiency syndrome (AIDS) a condition where CD4+ cell count falls below 200 cells/ Sahoo,2 Surepalli Ram Mohan Rao,3 Muvvala µl and immune system begins to fail in humans leading to life threatening infections. 4 Many factors are associated with the sexual transmission of HIV causing AIDS. HIV Sudhakar 1 is transmitted by three main routes sexual contact, exposure to infected body fluids or Department of Pharmaceutics, Osmania University College of Technology, India tissues and from mother to child during pregnancy, delivery or breast feeding (vertical 2Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality assurance, transmission). Hence the efforts for prevention and control of HIV have to rely largely MNR College of Pharmacy, India on sexually transmitted disease (STD) control measures and AIDS. In the developing 3Mekelle University, Ethiopia countries both prevalence and incidence of AIDS are very high. The impact of AIDS 4Department of pharmaceutics, Malla Reddy College of on women’s health adversely affected by various reasons such as more susceptibility Pharmacy, India than men, asymptomatic nature of infection etc. The management of AIDS can be controlled by antiretroviral therapy, opportunistic infections and alternative medicine. Correspondence: Chinmaya keshari sahoo, Department of In present study is an update on origins of HIV, stages of HIV infection, transmission, Pharmaceutics, Osmania University College of Technology, India, diagnosis, prevention and management of AIDS. Email [email protected] Keywords: aids, HIV cd4+, vertical transmission, antiretroviral therapy Received: November 18, 2016 | Published: February 08, 2017 Abbreviations: HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; AIDS, bodily fluids such as saliva and tears do not transmit HIV. -
AMA-MSS Guide to Organizing a World AIDS Day Event
MSS Guide to Organizing a World AIDS Day Event What’s inside? Instructions for Organizing your Event Pages 2-6 • Objectives • Materials • Event overview - day of the event • Step-by-step instructions and timeline • Funding sources • Follow-up Flier Template to Promote your Event Page 7 HIV/AIDS Movies Page 8 Media Advisory Template Page 9 Media Advisory Example Page 10 Objectives 1. Educate individuals about the impact of HIV and AIDS in the global community as well as your own. 2. Provide exhibits, speakers, movie screenings, demonstrations, and/or screenings focused towards individuals in your community. 3. Organize with different organizations and healthcare providers in the community to generate goodwill 4. Generate positive publicity for those organizations and individuals who are devoting their time for the benefit of World AIDS Day. 5. Empower participants with a better understanding of the many means in which they can help with the global AIDS epidemic. Back to top Materials 1. Laptop Computers for Possible Demonstrations and Mini-Workshops 2. Projectors to Enhance Computer or Personal Presentations 3. Materials for Featured Event – Discussion Forum, Speaker, Movie Screening 4. Fliers 5. Camera 6. Handouts – Relevant Information regarding the global AIDS epidemic Back to top World AIDS Day Forum – Day of the Event (December 1st) 1. Opening Remarks • General introduction, including a moment of thanks, to all of the different organizations for volunteering their time and/or money. • Explain the objective of the event as stated above. • Describe the schedule for the participants. There may be many items or there may be very few but make sure that all participants know what is offered. -
Partners with Mixed HIV Status
Partners With Mixed HIV Status SERODISCORDANT RELATIONSHIPS Relationships in which one or more people has HIV and one or more people do not have HIV are sometimes called serodiscordant or mixed serostatus. The term serodiscordant is made up of two roots: 1. Sero—meaning blood 2. Discordant—meaning different or non-matching HIV isn’t the first topic that comes up when most people start dating. You may not know the HIV status of your partner(s). You might not even have been tested yourself. It can be very difficult to talk about HIV status. WHAT ARE THE SPECIAL ISSUES FOR SERODISCORDANT RELATIONSHIPS? People in mixed HIV status relationships face all the same things as other people in relationship. But there are some extra issues: The partner(s) with HIV might focus on not infecting their partner(s). The partner(s) who do not have HIV may concentrate on taking care of the person/people with HIV. This can cause a serious lack of balance in the relationship. HIV can cause changes in the body. Antiretroviral medications (ARVs) may have unpleasant side effects. This might give the partner(s) with HIV negative feelings about their body and their health. It may be difficult to feel attractive and have a normal romantic relationship. Fear of transmitting HIV can cause an excess of caution. This might even stop all sexual activity. Review the following fact sheets for more information: Stopping the Spread of HIV Safer Sex Guidelines Condoms Ways HIV is Transmitted Try to have open discussions about your desires, your fears, and your limits.