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Feminism, Power, and Sex Work in the Context of Hiv/Aids: Consequences for Women’S Health
FEMINISM, POWER, AND SEX WORK IN THE CONTEXT OF HIV/AIDS: CONSEQUENCES FOR WOMEN’S HEALTH AZIZA AHMED* I. Introduction and Background ............................. 226 II. An Old Feminist Battle .................................. 228 A. Rise of the Sex-Positive Feminists and Sex Worker Rights Groups ....................................... 229 III. A Theoretical Model: Governance Feminism............... 231 A. Proposed Legal Regimes by Abolitionist and Sex- Positive Feminists, Sex Workers, and Public Health Authorities .......................................... 232 IV. Two Cases of Feminist Engagement in International Health Governance Structures ................................... 234 A. Sex Work in Global Public Health Governance: The Case of the UNAIDS Guidance Note .................. 234 B. U.S. Bilateral Aid for HIV and Sex Work: The Case of the Anti-Prostitution Pledge .......................... 242 1. History of the Anti-Prostitution Pledge: Early Engagement from Feminists and Sex Worker Rights Groups ......................................... 242 2. History of the Cases ............................. 246 3. Feminist Response and Involvement in Anti- Prostitution Pledge Litigation .................... 246 4. Engagement in the Processes of the Court......... 246 5. Feminist Activism on the Anti-Prostitution Pledge Outside of Litigation ............................. 249 V. Feminist Legal Reforms: Unintended Consequences on Women’s Health ......................................... 252 A. Women’s Greater Exposure to Sexual and Other Violence -
The Impact of HIV/AIDS on Education a Review of Literature and Experience
UNESCO Section for Preventive Education The Impact of HIV/AIDS on Education a review of literature and experience by Sheldon Shaeffer 1994 Commissioned by the UNESCO Programme of Education for the prevention of AIDS with support from the Swedish International Development Authority (SIDA) Table of Contents 1 Introduction.................................................................................................................... 1 A. AIDS and Social-Economic Development ............................................................ 1 B. The Differential Impact of HIV .............................................................................5 C. The role of education .............................................................................................8 II Impact on the Effectiveness of Education ..................................................................... 10 A. A more open system ............................................................................................ 10 B. A more integrated message in a more flexible system .......................................... 11 III Impact of HIV/AIDS on Demand, Supply, and Process ................................................ 13 A. Demand .............................................................................................................. 13 B. The Supply of Education ..................................................................................... 20 C. The Process of Education ................................................................................... -
Malawi Newborn Health Program Final Evaluation Report
Malawi Newborn Health Program Final Evaluation Report National Level - Expanded Impact Project (with learning activities in the districts of Chitipa, Dowa, Thyolo, Mzimba, Mchinji) Cooperative Agreement No.: GHS-A-00-06-00016-00 30 September 2006 – 30 September 2011 Submitted to USAID/GH/HIDN/NUT/CSHGP December 31, 2011 by: Save the Children Federation, Inc. 54 Wilton Road, Westport, CT 06880 Telephone: (203) 221-4000 - Fax: (203) 221-4056 Contact Persons: Eric A. Swedberg, Senior Director, Child Health and Nutrition Carmen Weder, Associate Director, Department of Health & Nutrition Principal writers and editors: John Murray, External Team Leader; Karen Z. Waltensperger, Senior Advisor, Health-Africa Region; Nathalie Gamache, Associate Director, Country Support & Coordination, Saving Newborn Lives; Evelyn Zimba, Malawi Newborn Health Program Manager; Joby George, Senior Health Program Manager; Sharon Lake-Post, Editorial Consultant This report is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development USAID). The contents are the responsibility of Save the Children and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. Page Acronyms 3 A. PRELIMINARY INFORMATION 5 B. OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT STRUCTURE AND IMPLEMENTATION 9 C. EVALUATION ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY AND LIMITATIONS 13 D. DATA QUALITY AND USE 14 E. PRESENTATION OF PROJECT RESULTS 17 F. DISCUSSION OF THE RESULTS 20 G. DISCUSSION OF POTENTIAL FOR SUSTAINED OUTCOMES, CONTRIBUTION TO SCALE, -
The Local Governance Performance Index (LGPI) in Malawi: Selected Findings on Health
The Program on Governance and Local Development The Local Governance Performance Index (LGPI) in Malawi: Selected Findings on Health Report November 2016 SERIES 2016:7 Acknowledgements This project reflects fruitful collaboration of researchers at the Christian Michelson Institute, including Ragnhild Muriaas, Lise Rakner and Vibeke Wang; the Institute for Public Opinion and Research, including Asiyati Chiweza, Boniface Dulani, Happy Kayuni, Hannah Swila and Atusaye Zgambo; and the Program on Governance and Local Development, including Adam Harris, Kristen Kao, Ellen Lust, Maria Thorson, Jens Ewald, Petter Holmgren, Pierre Landry and Lindsay Benstead during implementation, and in addition Ruth Carlitz, Sebastian Nickel, Benjamin Akinyemi, Laura Lungu and Tove Wikehult in the process of data cleaning and analysis. We gratefully recognize the hard work of colleagues at the Institute for Public Opinion and Research who lead the survey research teams. These include, Ellasy Chimimba, Grace Gundula, Steve Liwera, Shonduri Manda, Alfred Mangani, Razak Mussa, Bernard Nyirenda, Charles Sisya and Elizabeth Tizola. We also thank Jane Steinberg, who provided excellent and timely editing of this report. Finally, we reserve special recognition for Laura Lungu and Kristen Kao, who led this report. This project has been made possible with the financial support of the Moulay Hicham Foundation, the Carnegie Corporation of New York, The World Bank and Yale University, which funded development of the Local Governance Performance Index, and the Swedish Research Council and the Research Council of Norway, which funded implementation in Norway. We are grateful for their support. Executive Summary Malawi is one of the poorest countries in the world. Gross national income per capita is just $747 U.S.,1 and nearly 51 percent of the population resides below the national poverty line.2 As such, much of the population suffers from health ailments. -
Strengthening Families Through Hiv/Aids Prevention, Treatment, Care and Support – a Review of the Literature
Joint Learning Initiative on Children and HIV/AIDS JLICA Learning Group 1 – Strengthening Families Co-Chairs: Linda Richter and Lorraine Sherr STRENGTHENING FAMILIES THROUGH HIV/AIDS PREVENTION, TREATMENT, CARE AND SUPPORT – A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE 31 August 2008 Lorraine Sherr Research assistance: Joanne Mueller & Rebecca Varrall Royal Free and University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF. UK 1 This paper was prepared for the Joint Learning Initiative on Children and HIV/AIDS (JLICA). The Joint Learning Initiative on Children and HIV/AIDS (JLICA) is an independent, interdisciplinary network of policy-makers, practitioners, community leaders, activists, researchers, and people living with HIV, working to improve the well- being of HIV-affected children, their families and communities. All reasonable precautions have been taken by JLICA to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall JLICA be liable for damages arising from its use. In return for its sponsorship of their research, Learning Group (LG) authors grant JLICA non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free rights to reproduce in print and in electronic formats on its servers, in whole or in part, and to translate and distribute their LG papers. 2 Preface - Learning Group 1: Strengthening Families The work conducted in Learning Group 1 was based on the fact that families, in all their many forms, are everywhere the primary providers of protection, support and socialization of children and youth, and families exert a very strong influence on children’s survival, health, adjustment and educational achievement. -
Thesis.Pdf (2.125Mb)
Femteårsoppgave i Stadium IV, profesjonsstudiet i medisin Det helsevitenskapelige fakultet Universitetet i Tromsø 9019 Tromsø Malaria in Malawi The current status of diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment of malaria in Malawi, how international and national guidelines can improve the situation, and how research can change these guidelines for the future The sun sets over Lake Malawi Authors Marte Langsrud Stine Haram Vetle Nilsen Malmberg [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] MK-08 MK-08 MK-08 Supervisors Dr Jon Øyvind Odland Dr Kamija Phiri [email protected] [email protected] Universitetet i Tromsø University of Malawi Tromsø, June 2013 Table of Contents 1 Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... 1 2 Abbreviations .................................................................................................................................. 2 3 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 3 4 Method ............................................................................................................................................ 5 5 Theory .............................................................................................................................................. 6 5.1 Malaria.................................................................................................................................... -
Local Perceptions, Participation and Accountability in Malawi's Health
Evaluation Department Local Perceptions, Participation and Accountability in Malawi’s Health Sector Report 2/2013 Norad Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation P.O.Box 8034 Dep, NO-0030 Oslo Ruseløkkveien 26, Oslo, Norway Tel: +47 23 98 00 00 Fax: +47 23 98 00 99 Photo: Serufusa Sekidde Design: Siste Skrik Kommunikasjon Print: Network Broking/Bjerch Trykkeri ISBN: 978-82-7548-774-0 Local Perceptions, Participation and Accountability in Malawi’s Health Sector May 2013 Oxford Policy Management The report is the product of its authors, and responsibility for the accuracy of data included in this report rests with the authors. The findings, interpretations and conclusions presented do not necessarily reflect the views of Norad Evaluation Department. Note on layout and language The layout of the document has tried to conform to guidelines for accessibility and ease of reading, which require Arial font and left (not full) justification of the text. The report has tried to avoid unnecessary use of acronyms and abbreviations. Disclaimer: The report is the product of its authors, and responsibility for the accuracy of data included in this report rests with the authors. The findings, interpretations and conclusions presented do not necessarily reflect the views of Norad Evaluation Department. Acknowledgements This report was produced by a team comprising Stephen Jones (Team Leader), Andrew Kardan (Project Manager), Maja Jakobsen and Dr Serufusa Sekidde from Oxford Policy Management (OPM), Professor Susan Watkins, Dr Blessings Chinsinga, and Dr Angela Chimwaza, in partnership with Invest in Knowledge in Malawi (IKI). James Mkandawire managed the IKI fieldwork team and also provided a great deal of technical input throughout the project. -
Internal Migrations and Health in Senegal: Healthy Migrant Or Convergence Hypothesis Duboz Priscilla, Boëtsch Gilles, Gueye Lamine, Macia Enguerran
Internal migrations and health in senegal: Healthy migrant or convergence hypothesis Duboz Priscilla, Boëtsch Gilles, Gueye Lamine, Macia Enguerran To cite this version: Duboz Priscilla, Boëtsch Gilles, Gueye Lamine, Macia Enguerran. Internal migrations and health in senegal: Healthy migrant or convergence hypothesis. New Solutions: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy, SAGE Publications, 2020. hal-03052366 HAL Id: hal-03052366 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03052366 Submitted on 10 Dec 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health 2020 VOL 10, NO. 3, PAGE 34-47 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Acess Internal migrations and health in senegal: Healthy migrant or convergence hypothesis Duboz Priscilla*, Boëtsch Gilles, Gueye Lamine, Macia Enguerran Department of Medicine, University Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal ARTICLE HISTORY ABSTRACT Received:August 24, 2020 Objective:The general objective of this study is to characterize the migrant population Accepted:September 7, 2020 Published:September 14, 2020 present in Dakar, and to test the existence in Senegal of the Healthy Migrant Hypothesis and the Convergence Hypothesis. KEYWORDS Methods: This study was carried out in 2015 on a population sample of 1000 Africa; Self-rated health; individuals living in Dakar, constructed using the quota method. -
Investing in Our Future
113th Congress GLOBAL HEALTH: Investing in Our Future InterAction I A United Voice for Global Change 1400 16th Street, NW, Suite 210 Washington, D.C. 20036 InterAction is the largest alliance of U.S.-based nongovernmental international organizations, with more than 180 members. Our members operate in every developing country, working with local communities to overcome poverty and suffering by helping to improve their quality of life. Visit www.interaction.org. The following individuals contributed to the development of this briefing book: Danielle Heiberg, InterAction Erin Jeffery, InterAction Ashley Bennett, Global Health Technologies Coalition Lisa Brandt, InterAction Michelle Brooks, Sabin Vaccine Institute David Bryden, RESULTS Amanda Carroll, PATH Catherine Connor, Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation Erin Fry Sosne, PATH Filmona Hailemichael, Management Sciences for Health Tom Harmon, International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Marielle Hart, Stop AIDS Alliance Caitlin Horrigan, Population Action International Jennifer Katz, Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative Crystal Lander, Management Sciences for Health Katie Lapides Coester, Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation Jeff Meer, Public Health Institute Mike O’Brien, American Refugee Committee Loyce Pace Bass, LIVESTRONG Foundation Mary Pack, International Medical Corps Lauren Reliford, PATH Mannik Sakayan, 1,000 Days Cover photo: Cameron Calabrese Global Health Briefing Book Contents Introduction to Global Health 3 HIV/AIDS 7 Malaria 11 Tuberculosis 15 Neglected Tropical Diseases 19 Non-Communicable Diseases 23 Maternal and Child Health 27 Nutrition 31 Family Planning and Reproductive Health 35 Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) 39 Health in Humanitarian Response 43 Vaccination 47 Health Research and Development 51 Millennium Development Goals & Post-2015 55 Health Systems Strengthening 59 Many organizations, governments and private donors devote significant resources and expertise to improving the health and well-being of individuals worldwide. -
HIV and AIDS in Georgia: a Socio-Cultural Approach
HIV and AIDS in Georgia: A Socio-Cultural Approach The views and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors, and do not necessarily represent the views and official positions of UNESCO or of the Flemish government. The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this review do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO or the Flemish government concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authorities, or concerning its frontiers or boundaries. This project has been supported by the Flemish government. Published by: Culture and Development Section Division of Cultural Policies and Intercultural Dialogue UNESCO 1, rue Miollis, 75015 Paris, FRANCE e-mail : [email protected] web site : www.unesco.org/culture/aids Project Coordination: Helena Drobná and Christoforos Mallouris Cover design and Typesetting: Gega Paksashvili Project Coordination UNESCO: CLT/CPD/CAD - Helena Drobna, Christoforos Mallouris Project Coordination Georgia: Foundation of Georgian Arts and Culture – Maka Dvalishvili Printed by “O.S.Design” UNESCO Number: CLT/CPD/CAD-05/4D © UNESCO 2005 CONTENTS Pages Forewords 4 Preface 6 Acknowledgements 8 List of acronyms 9 Map of Georgia 10 Part I. HIV and AIDS overview in Georgia Introduction 11 I.1 HIV epidemiology in Georgia 12 I.2 Surveillance 12 I.3 Some characteristics of the Georgian culture 15 I.4 Drug use in Georgia 16 I.4.1 Drug use and related risky behaviour 16 I.4.2 Risk factors for HIV among IDU population 17 -
The Role of the Health Sector in Strengthening Systems to Support
THE ROLE SECTOR OF THE HEALTH IN STRENGTHENING SYSTEMS TO SUPPORT CHILDREN’S DEVELOPMENT HEALTHY IN COMMUNITIES AFFECTED BY HIV The role of the health sector in strengthening systems to support children’s healthy development in ■ communities affected by HIV/AIDS A REVIEW More information may be obtained from: Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development (CAH) World Health Organization 20 Avenue Appia 1211 Geneva 27 ISBN 92 4 159462 4 Switzerland Tel +41-22 791 3281 /AIDS Fax +41-22 791 4853 WHO Email [email protected] CHILD AND ADOLESCENT HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT CHILD AND ADOLESCENT HEALTH website http://www.who.int/child-adolescent-health CAH The role of the health sector in strengthening systems to support children’s healthy development in communities affected by HIV/AIDS A REVIEW ■ CHILD AND ADOLESCENT HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT AND HEALTH ADOLESCENT AND CHILD CAH WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Richter, Linda. Strengthening systems to support children’s healthy development in communities affected by HIV/AIDS : a review. “The World Health Organization wishes to express its gratitude to Linda Richter ... and to Geoff Foster ... for drafting this document”– Acknowledgements. 1.HIV infections – prevention and control. 2.Acquired immunodefi ciency syndrome – prevention and control. 3.Child welfare. 4.Child. 5.Africa South of the Sahara. I.Foster, Geoff. II.World Health Organization. ISBN 92 4 159462 4 (NLM classifi cation: WC 503.7) ISBN 978 92 4 159462 2 © World Health Organization 2006 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO Press, World Health Organiza- tion, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: bookorders@who. -
HIV/AIDS, Stigma and Children a Literature Review
HIV/AIDS, stigma and children www.hsrcpress.ac.za Harriet Deacon and Inez Stephney from A literature review download Free Published by HSRC Press Private Bag X9182, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa www.hsrcpress.ac.za First published 2007 ISBN 978-0-7969-2188-8 © 2007 Human Sciences Research Council Copyedited by Vaun Cornell Typeset by Janco Yspeert Cover design by Oryx Media Cover photo: ©Branko de Lang/iAfrika Photos www.hsrcpress.ac.za Print management by Compress from Distributed in Africa by Blue Weaver Tel: +27 (0) 21 701 4477; Fax: +27 (0) 21 701 7302 download www.oneworldbooks.com Free Distributed in Europe and the United Kingdom by Eurospan Distribution Services (EDS) Tel: +44 (0) 20 7240 0856; Fax: +44 (0) 20 7379 0609 www.eurospangroup.com/bookstore Distributed in North America by Independent Publishers Group (IPG) Call toll-free: (800) 888 4741; Fax: +1 (312) 337 5985 www.ipgbook.com contents Acknowledgements iv Acronyms and abbreviations v CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Children and the HIV/AIDS pandemic 1 1.2 Children and HIV/AIDS-related stigma 1 1.3 Methodology 3 CHAPTER 2: DEFINITIONS 5 2.1 Defining stigma 5 2.2 Layered stigma 7 2.3 Defining ‘children’ 8 2.4 Should researchers focus on children orphaned by AIDS? 11 2.5 Why we need to stop focusing on orphans 14 2.6 Conclusion 15 CHAPTER 3: THE HIV/AIDS PANDEMIC, STIGMA AND CHILDREN 17 3.1 Understanding the key research areas 17 3.2 Hypothesis 1: HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination exacerbates the negative effects of the pandemic on children 20 3.3 Hypothesis 2: HIV/AIDS-related