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City of Citrus Heights Landscape Guidelines

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City of Citrus Heights Landscape Guidelines City of Citrus Heights Landscape Guidelines September 28, 2015 Stock Ranch Nature Preserve A guide to selecting and using native and drought tolerant plant species. City of Citrus Heights Introduction Local Climate Zones A critical component of the City of Plant growth is affected by many Choose plants suited to your Citrus Heights’ Urban Greening Strategy climate factors such as high and low climate. Find climate information (CHUGS) was a revision and update temperatures, length of growing season, before selecting plants by going to: of policies and ordinances relative to wind, amount and timing of rainfall, and USDA Plant Hardiness Zones at landscaping and water use. The process humidity. It is essential to match plant planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/ identified opportunities for incorporating selection to the local climate conditions and native and drought tolerant plant species if plants are to survive and thrive with Sunset Climate Zones at www. in landscapes throughout the City. These the minimum amount of irrigation and guidelines provide recommendations maintenance. sunset.com/garden/climate-zones/ that are appropriate for a variety of uses. climate-zones-intro-us-map Planting these species in place of other The two most commonly used commonly used ornamental species that classification systems for identifying require higher levels of irrigation and growing climates are the U.S. care will help reduce demand for water Department of Agriculture (USDA) Plant while also providing the air quality and Hardiness Zones and the Sunset Climate environmental benefits associated with Zones. The USDA Hardiness Zones are greener urban landscapes. based on the average annual minimum 14 9 winter temperature, divided into 10°F zones. A web-based map may be used to identify specific zones by entering a zip code. The City of Citrus Heights is classified as Zone 9b with average annual minimum temperatures between 25 and 30°F. Of course, plants need optimal conditions throughout the year to Approximate Sunset zones 9 and 14 grow well. The Sunset Climate Zone in Citrus Heights classifications are based on many other climate factors besides minimum winter Native species can be excellent temperature, and are a better indicator ornamental plants providing a of how well plants will do in a location variety of flower color, leaf texture, year round. The City of Citrus Heights and structure in the landscape. is located in two Sunset Climate Zones. Landscape Guidelines | 1 City of Citrus Heights The west part of the City is considered NORTH SIDE EAST SIDE to be Zone 14 and the east part of the Shady/Cool Morning Sun City is considered to be Zone 9. The main All Day difference between these two zones is Afternoon Shade the amount of influence from the Delta WEST SIDE Breeze which carries cooler, more humid Morning Shade air from the Pacific Ocean. Zone 14 tends Afternoon Sun to be slightly more moderate than Zone 9 where winters are a bit colder and summers a bit hotter. HOUSE Many plant growers and nurseries include recommended climate zone ratings on plant labels or tags using either the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone or UNDER TREE the Sunset Climate Zone system. Being DRIVEWAY CANOPY familiar with the ratings used by both Summer Shade these classifications for your area will Winter Sun make it easier to select plants that are suited to local conditions. Limited Root Zone Next to Paving STREET Micro-climates Reflected Heat from SOUTH SIDE The geographic areas covered by Driveway and Street Sun All Day the USDA Plant Hardiness Zones and Hottest Area N Sunset Climate Zones are very large and don’t account for conditions in specific locations that may influence plant For example, south facing slopes are typically warmer than north facing slopes or flat growth. The conditions at a specific site areas on the same property. Buildings or other mature plantings may provide screening may create a micro-climate where factors from winds, but can also limit access to sunlight. Existing plants can compete with new such as heavy shade, poor drainage, or plants for water and nutrients. It is important to select plant species that are not only excessive reflected heat can limit plant compatible with the major climate zone, but also with the conditions of the micro- selection. climate where they will be planted. 2 | Landscape Guidelines City of Citrus Heights Soil Conditions Basic home soil testing kits are widely spread and allow space for other more available at most nurseries and home desirable plants to grow. Some common Plants are dependent on their roots to improvement stores. For larger landscape examples of invasive plant species found take in water and many of the nutrients projects, or where more detailed in Citrus Heights creek corridors include necessary for life. Roots cannot perform information is desired, soil samples can English ivy (Hedera helix), Japanese privet these important functions unless be submitted to a professional laboratory (Ligustrum japonicum), and vinca (Vinca the soil in which they are growing is for analysis. Costs for these services vary minor). compatible with their needs. Knowing depending upon the level of analysis basic information about the soil such as requested but are typically $60 to $90 pH (acidity), texture, organic content, and per sample. Purchasing a home soil quantities of specific nutrients will help test kit or a professional analysis is an determine what soil amendments might up-front investment that can save the be needed, when they should be applied, cost of having to replace unhealthy or and what plants to select. Ideally, plants underperforming plants in the future. that are compatible with the natural soil should be selected so that ongoing fertilization and amendments are not necessary. Invasive Species An invasive plant species is one that is not native to a particular area, but is so well-adapted to the local conditions that English ivy and other invasive it can take over and make it difficult for plants have crowded out native other plant species to grow. A healthy plant species in sections of environment is one which supports Brooktree Creek. a diversity of plants and animals, so invasive species can be a serious problem because they can rapidly become the The California Native Plant Society only plant growing in an area. They can (CNPS) has identified about 450 plant colonize natural areas such as creek species that were originally introduced corridors and eliminate native plants that for ornamental or agricultural purposes, but have now become invasive pests Easy to use soil test kits for provide essential food and habitat for birds and wildlife. (www.cnps.org). Once planted, the key homeowners are available at most strategy for managing invasive plant nurseries and provide quick results. Invasive plants can also create a species is to eradicate them before maintenance nightmare requiring they spread. The University of California constant attention to manage aggressive Integrated Pest Management Program Landscape Guidelines | 3 City of Citrus Heights (www.ipm.ucdavis.edu) maintains a water directly to the plants and the root that require regular mowing, and website with information on how to zone use much less water than those that frequent applications of supplemental identify invasive plant species and spray water over a large area because fertilizers and herbicides to stay healthy. environmentally sustainable methods there is less water lost to evaporation or to control them. The California Invasive blown away by the wind. Plant Council (Cal-IPC) website (www. cal-ipc.org) lists many common plants Options for drip irrigation include known to be invasive and provides emitters placed at the base of the plant, recommended alternatives. The Cal-IPC soaker hoses that wind through the website also includes an Invasive Plant planting area, and bubblers with root watering systems. Each of these is suited Inventory database. to different planting needs. For example, soaker hoses are good for planting beds while root watering systems are Water Efficiency usually better for large shrubs and trees. Water is becoming an increasingly The drip irrigation method needs to be precious resource for Californians. There Mulch between groundcovers when matched to the intended landscape area are several important strategies for replacing lawn to help plants and plants. reducing water use in private and public establish more quickly and keep landscapes. grass from coming back. The most important strategy is to select plants that are tolerant of relatively Consider eliminating areas of lawn that dry conditions. Luckily, there are many are not regularly used as play or exercise attractive and hardy plant species that areas for people or pets. There are many are well-adapted to the California climate drought tolerant, low maintenance plants and, once established, require little water that can provide an attractive alternative beyond natural rainfall to survive. Many for lawns. Once these low growing of these plants are native to California or groundcovers become established, they to regions with similar climate conditions. effectively keep out weeds and provide a variety of textures and colors to Lawns are one of the biggest water Drip irrigation systems can be complement the landscape. users in the ornamental landscape and a designed to meet watering needs relatively high-maintenance groundcover Proper application of irrigation water for many types of applications from when needed will also help conserve trees to groundcovers. water. Drip irrigation methods that apply 4 | Landscape Guidelines City of Citrus Heights Another way to conserve water is to The amount of water delivered by drip important to avoid the use of invasive, mulch planting areas. Mulch keeps the methods is adjustable depending on non-native plant species on these soil cooler and slows down evaporation. the type of emitters used and the length properties and to also to prevent Less frequent irrigation is needed and of the irrigation period.
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