City of Citrus Heights Landscape Guidelines

City of Citrus Heights

Landscape Guidelines September 28, 2015

Stock Ranch Nature Preserve

A guide to selecting and using native and drought tolerant plant species. City of Citrus Heights

Introduction Local Climate Zones A critical component of the City of Plant growth is affected by many Choose plants suited to your Citrus Heights’ Urban Greening Strategy climate factors such as high and low climate. Find climate information (CHUGS) was a revision and update temperatures, length of growing season, before selecting plants by going to: of policies and ordinances relative to wind, amount and timing of rainfall, and USDA Plant Hardiness Zones at landscaping and water use. The process humidity. It is essential to match plant planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/ identified opportunities for incorporating selection to the local climate conditions and native and drought tolerant plant species if plants are to survive and thrive with Sunset Climate Zones at www. in landscapes throughout the City. These the minimum amount of irrigation and guidelines provide recommendations maintenance. sunset.com/garden/climate-zones/ that are appropriate for a variety of uses. climate-zones-intro-us-map Planting these species in place of other The two most commonly used commonly used ornamental species that classification systems for identifying require higher levels of irrigation and growing climates are the U.S. care will help reduce demand for water Department of Agriculture (USDA) Plant while also providing the air quality and Hardiness Zones and the Sunset Climate environmental benefits associated with Zones. The USDA Hardiness Zones are greener urban landscapes. based on the average annual minimum 14 9 winter temperature, divided into 10°F zones. A web-based map may be used to identify specific zones by entering a zip code. The City of Citrus Heights is classified as Zone 9b with average annual minimum temperatures between 25 and 30°F.

Of course, plants need optimal conditions throughout the year to Approximate Sunset zones 9 and 14 grow well. The Sunset Climate Zone in Citrus Heights classifications are based on many other climate factors besides minimum winter Native species can be excellent temperature, and are a better indicator ornamental plants providing a of how well plants will do in a location variety of flower color, leaf texture, year round. The City of Citrus Heights and structure in the landscape. is located in two Sunset Climate Zones.

Landscape Guidelines | 1 City of Citrus Heights

The west part of the City is considered NORTH SIDE EAST SIDE to be Zone 14 and the east part of the Shady/Cool Morning Sun City is considered to be Zone 9. The main All Day difference between these two zones is Afternoon Shade the amount of influence from the Delta WEST SIDE Breeze which carries cooler, more humid Morning Shade air from the Pacific Ocean. Zone 14 tends Afternoon Sun to be slightly more moderate than Zone 9 where winters are a bit colder and

summers a bit hotter. HOUSE

Many plant growers and nurseries include recommended climate zone ratings on plant labels or tags using either the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone or UNDER TREE the Sunset Climate Zone system. Being DRIVEWAY CANOPY familiar with the ratings used by both Summer Shade these classifications for your area will Winter Sun make it easier to select plants that are suited to local conditions. Limited Root Zone Next to Paving STREET Micro-climates Reflected Heat from SOUTH SIDE The geographic areas covered by Driveway and Street Sun All Day the USDA Plant Hardiness Zones and Hottest Area N Sunset Climate Zones are very large and don’t account for conditions in specific locations that may influence plant For example, south facing slopes are typically warmer than north facing slopes or flat growth. The conditions at a specific site areas on the same property. Buildings or other mature plantings may provide screening may create a micro-climate where factors from winds, but can also limit access to sunlight. Existing plants can compete with new such as heavy shade, poor drainage, or plants for water and nutrients. It is important to select plant species that are not only excessive reflected heat can limit plant compatible with the major climate zone, but also with the conditions of the micro- selection. climate where they will be planted.

2 | Landscape Guidelines City of Citrus Heights

Soil Conditions Basic home soil testing kits are widely spread and allow space for other more available at most nurseries and home desirable plants to grow. Some common Plants are dependent on their roots to improvement stores. For larger landscape examples of invasive plant species found take in water and many of the nutrients projects, or where more detailed in Citrus Heights creek corridors include necessary for life. Roots cannot perform information is desired, soil samples can English ivy (Hedera helix), Japanese privet these important functions unless be submitted to a professional laboratory (Ligustrum japonicum), and vinca (Vinca the soil in which they are growing is for analysis. Costs for these services vary minor). compatible with their needs. Knowing depending upon the level of analysis basic information about the soil such as requested but are typically $60 to $90 pH (acidity), texture, organic content, and per sample. Purchasing a home soil quantities of specific nutrients will help test kit or a professional analysis is an determine what soil amendments might up-front investment that can save the be needed, when they should be applied, cost of having to replace unhealthy or and what plants to select. Ideally, plants underperforming plants in the future. that are compatible with the natural soil should be selected so that ongoing fertilization and amendments are not necessary. Invasive Species An invasive plant species is one that is not native to a particular area, but is so well-adapted to the local conditions that English ivy and other invasive it can take over and make it difficult for plants have crowded out native other plant species to grow. A healthy plant species in sections of environment is one which supports Brooktree Creek. a diversity of plants and animals, so invasive species can be a serious problem because they can rapidly become the The California Native Plant Society only plant growing in an area. They can (CNPS) has identified about 450 plant colonize natural areas such as creek species that were originally introduced corridors and eliminate native plants that for ornamental or agricultural purposes, but have now become invasive pests Easy to use soil test kits for provide essential food and habitat for birds and wildlife. (www.cnps.org). Once planted, the key homeowners are available at most strategy for managing invasive plant nurseries and provide quick results. Invasive plants can also create a species is to eradicate them before maintenance nightmare requiring they spread. The University of California constant attention to manage aggressive Integrated Pest Management Program

Landscape Guidelines | 3 City of Citrus Heights

(www.ipm.ucdavis.edu) maintains a water directly to the plants and the root that require regular mowing, and website with information on how to zone use much less water than those that frequent applications of supplemental identify invasive plant species and spray water over a large area because fertilizers and herbicides to stay healthy. environmentally sustainable methods there is less water lost to evaporation or to control them. The California Invasive blown away by the wind. Plant Council (Cal-IPC) website (www. cal-ipc.org) lists many common plants Options for drip irrigation include known to be invasive and provides emitters placed at the base of the plant, recommended alternatives. The Cal-IPC soaker hoses that wind through the website also includes an Invasive Plant planting area, and bubblers with root watering systems. Each of these is suited Inventory database. to different planting needs. For example, soaker hoses are good for planting beds while root watering systems are Water Efficiency usually better for large shrubs and trees. Water is becoming an increasingly The drip irrigation method needs to be precious resource for Californians. There Mulch between groundcovers when matched to the intended landscape area are several important strategies for replacing lawn to help plants and plants. reducing water use in private and public establish more quickly and keep landscapes. grass from coming back. The most important strategy is to select plants that are tolerant of relatively Consider eliminating areas of lawn that dry conditions. Luckily, there are many are not regularly used as play or exercise attractive and hardy plant species that areas for people or pets. There are many are well-adapted to the California climate drought tolerant, low maintenance plants and, once established, require little water that can provide an attractive alternative beyond natural rainfall to survive. Many for lawns. Once these low growing of these plants are native to California or groundcovers become established, they to regions with similar climate conditions. effectively keep out weeds and provide a variety of textures and colors to Lawns are one of the biggest water Drip irrigation systems can be complement the landscape. users in the ornamental landscape and a designed to meet watering needs relatively high-maintenance groundcover Proper application of irrigation water for many types of applications from when needed will also help conserve trees to groundcovers. water. Drip irrigation methods that apply

4 | Landscape Guidelines City of Citrus Heights

Another way to conserve water is to The amount of water delivered by drip important to avoid the use of invasive, mulch planting areas. Mulch keeps the methods is adjustable depending on non-native plant species on these soil cooler and slows down evaporation. the type of emitters used and the length properties and to also to prevent Less frequent irrigation is needed and of the irrigation period. When using an fertilizers or other pollutants from the soil holds moisture longer, giving automatic controller to irrigate landscape entering the creek. the roots more time to absorb the zones, make sure all plants in the zone water. Mulch should generally be 2 to have similar water needs to avoid over- 3 inches thick. It is important to leave or under-watering. several inches of clear space next to the Overwatering damages plants and results stem or trunk of shrubs and trees to in runoff and wasted water. Irrigation prevent decay. There are many mulching water should be applied in the amount products available with different textures required for optimum plant health and and colors depending on the materials preferably at times that will allow water used. New mulch should be added to infiltrate the soil without evaporating. periodically to maintain the desired For example, watering in the early depth. morning instead of the middle of the afternoon will allow a greater percentage Riparian Areas Native oaks growing along Arcade of the water to reach the root zone of the plants. The City of Citrus Heights has over 20 Creek in Citrus Heights. miles of natural creek corridors that wind through neighborhoods and offer a welcome contrast to more urbanized Oak Trees areas of the city. These corridors include many native plant species that provide Preservation of native oak trees in Citrus important habitat for a variety of birds Heights is important because they are and wildlife. These plants are adapted to part of the community’s natural history

grow in the unique conditions associated and they provide habitat and food for with the seasonal flow of water and the birds and wildlife. The native oak species topography of the creek channels. have evolved over thousands of years to thrive in a climate that is wet in the Residents who own property adjacent winter and dry in the summer. When planting near native oaks it is essential to Keep mulch under trees several to creeks and riparian areas play a special role in preserving the health of only use plant species that have similar inches away from trunk to prevent these natural corridors. It is especially irrigation needs. Summer irrigation is disease and damage to the bark.

Landscape Guidelines | 5 City of Citrus Heights

especially harmful to native oaks as it When oaks become diseased, they may The Sacramento Tree Foundation (www. can create conditions that invite several not appear to be sick, but decay inside sactree.com) provides education through fatal oak diseases. For more information the trunk and braches may be quite various workshops and programs on a about compatible plant selection, see extensive. This can create hazardous wide range of tree-related topics. These the free online book from the California situations due to falling branches include how to properly plant trees, Oak Foundation called “Compatible or trees. If you have concerns about tree care tips to save water, and tree Plants Under and Around Oaks” at www. your oak tree, have it examined by an selection. They also provide free shade californiaoaks.org. International Society of Arboricululture trees to Sacramento County residents (ISA) Certified Arborist. You can find an in partnership with the Sacramento It is also important not to damage roots arborist in your area at www.isa-arbor. Municipal Utility District (SMUD). The of the native oaks by digging under the com. goal of the Sacramento Shade Tree trees. Oak trees have a deep tap root and program is to increase canopy cover in many shallow, feeder roots in the top 2 the urban area to reduce energy demand feet of the soil. The feeder roots extend Other Resources and improve air quality. Trees are beyond the dripline of the tree canopy. available for residences, schools, parks, On mature trees, no planting should There are many resources available to and open spaces. SMUD also offers free occur within the first 10 feet from the help property owners select the right wood chips as mulch to residents who base of the tree. plants for a water-efficient landscape are able to coordinate pick-up from a that suits their locations and needs. The SMUD facility (www.smud.org). following resources all maintain web sites describing their services and with contact The UC Davis Arboretum (www. information. arboretum.ucdavis.edu) is a free public garden that is open 24 hours a day, every The University of California Master day of the year. There are 17 different Gardener Program is a free public areas in the arboretum each featuring education program under the University plants from different climates. Many of of California Division of Agriculture and the plants are native or low-water use Natural Resources. The program is run by species that are well-suited to the Citrus the University of California Cooperative Heights area. The arboretum is a great Extension office in Sacramento and place to see many plants in a variety of provides workshops, events, and settings and to get inspiration for using Several species of native oaks in a consultations to help home gardeners native and low-water use plants. mature oak woodland. with a wide variety of plant selection and maintenance topics. Find out more at The Stock Ranch Nature Preserve, www.ucanr.edu/sites/sacmg. located at 7000 Auburn Boulevard in Citrus Heights, is another public space

6 | Landscape Guidelines City of Citrus Heights that includes a native and low-water information about plant characteristics, Lifespan use demonstration garden. Plants are common uses, cultivation, and sources. The lifespan for trees is typically provided identified with tags that give information as a range of years, such as 50 to 75 The Urban Forest Ecosystems Institute on species, water use, and value as years. Things that can adversely affect a maintains the SelecTree database (www. a food source for pollinators and tree’s lifespan include improper planting, selectree.calpoly.edu), to help you find butterflies. poor pruning, irrigation issues, soil the perfect tree for your landscape. conditions, environmental contaminants, You can limit your search with a variety and mechanical damage. All of these of criteria, including size, color, and things make a tree less resistant to maintenance needs. damage from pests and diseases and can Local nurseries and garden centers are ultimately shorten its lifespan. another source for additional plant All of the shrubs and groundcovers in selection information. If they don’t carry the Plant List are perennial plants. This a particular plant you want, they can means they live more than two seasons. often suggest alternative plants that will Given proper care and planted in the have similar habit and requirements. right locations, most will live at least ten There are also many good books years or longer. available that focus on California native The garden at Stock Ranch Nature plants and low-water use gardening Preserve has many examples of techniques. Dimensions drought tolerant plants that are Plant height and width at maturity suitable for ornamental are provided for all plants. Make sure landscaping. Guide to the Plant List plants are located far enough away from structures, driveways, utility lines, etc. In addition to the information about Names so they won’t cause damage or require invasive non-native plant species, the Plants are identified by both botanical removal as they mature. CNPS also has an extensive website with names (Genus species “Cultivar”) information on native plant selection and and common names. Always use the Sun Exposure care, and many other useful topics such botanical name when purchasing plants as reducing lawn area, planning a garden, to make sure you get exactly what you Most plants grow best within a specific and botanic gardens that feature native are looking for. range of sun exposure. Before deciding plants. The website includes a native which plants to grow, observe the plant database that can be queried for intended planting area for several days plants native to a specific location with to notice how much of the day it is in

Landscape Guidelines | 7 City of Citrus Heights

sun or shade. Keep in mind that the sun Trees for Parking Lots, Streets, Plants in swales must be able to tolerate is lower during the winter months and Medians, and Landscape Parkways standing water and saturated soils in the there will be less overall sunlight at that winter and dry conditions in the summer. time of year. Also remember that existing Many of the trees on the plant list are Most swales will look better if the plants trees and shrubs will continue to grown suitable for use in parking lots, medians, are irrigated throughout the summer, but and eventually cast larger shadows that landscape parkways, or as street trees. some plants will survive unirrigated once may result in future shade in areas that However, the best trees for a particular they are established. are currently sunny. location will depend on several factors. Keep in mind the available planting space, root damage potential, proximity Root Damage Potential and Water Needs to paving, and the horizontal and vertical Planting Area clearance to passing vehicles, pedestrian, Water requirements for plants are rated or bicyclists. A rating for potential root damage as low to moderate. Since this plant list is provided for all listed trees. When is focused on decreasing water use, high Also remember that many of the loveliest selecting tree species for particular water use plants are not included. Once flowering trees will naturally have seed uses, be sure to consider both the root established, many of the species listed pods, small fruits, or dropping petals damage potential and the mature size here require infrequent or no irrigation in at different times of the year. This may of the above ground portion of the the summer depending on their location require a modest amount of additional tree. Increase the available planting and the weather. maintenance on occasion to keep area for trees with greater potential for sidewalks and bike lanes clear. If trees root damage, to keep roots away from foundations, sidewalks, driveways, and Habitat Values will routinely provide canopy over parked vehicles, select species that do not have underground utilities. Many plants on the list have habitat fruit that may damage paint, or attract or food value for hummingbirds, other birds. birds, butterflies, bees, and beneficial Sources insects. Incorporating these plants Many local nurseries, garden centers, and into the landscape helps sustain these Stormwater Swales home improvement stores carry suitable important populations in the urban Stormwater swales or basins are plants. Some specialize in native plants, ecosystem. depressions in the landscape that catch or have sections devoted to low water water runoff from paving and buildings use species or varieties. Many plants when it rains. Swales filter sediment and are also available from online nurseries. chemicals out of the water before it goes However, since you cannot inspect the into the stormdrain system and out to plants before purchasing, make sure local creeks. They can also hold water there is a guarantee that allows you to which allows it to percolate into the return the plants if they arrive in poor ground. condition.

8 | Landscape Guidelines City of Citrus Heights

Bloom Common Name Height Season Growth and Sun/ Water Scientific Name Rate Lifespan Width Color Shade Use Special Notes/ Usage Photo TREES Small Trees (25 feet or less) Trident Maple Fast 50–150 25’ Incon. Sun, Mod. Fall Color, Berries, or Seed Pods years Shade Acer buergerianum 25’ NA Hedge/Screen Specimen Deciduous Medians, Landscape Parkways Swales Low root damage potential

Anacacho Orchid Slow 40–150 25’ Mar– Sun Low Fall Color, Berries, or Seed Pods Tree years May 25’ Specimen Bauhinia White lunarioides Medians, Landscape Parkways Low root damage potential Deciduous

Smoothie Thornless Slow 40–150 16’ Jan–Mar Sun Low Fall Color, Berries, or Seed Pods Cascalote years 16’ Yellow Specimen Caesalpinia cacalaco ‘Smoothie’ Medians, Landscape Parkways Low root damage potential Evergreen

1 mod. - moderate incon. - inconspicious peren. - perennial lav. - lavender

Landscape Guidelines | 9 City of Citrus Heights

Bloom Common Name Height Season Growth and Sun/ Water Scientific Name Rate Lifespan Width Color Shade Use Special Notes/ Usage Photo Weeping Fast 40–150 25’ Apr–Aug Sun, Low Fall Color, Berries, or Seed Pods Bottlebrush years Part 15’ Red Shade Specimen Callistemon viminalis Medians, Landscape Parkways Low root damage potential Evergreen

2 Desert Museum Fast 50–150 25’ Mar– Sun Very Specimen Palo Verde years May low 25’ Medians, Landscape Parkways, Parking Lots Cercidium x ‘Desert Yellow Museum’ Low root damage potential

Deciduous

3 Western Redbud Mod. 50–75 20’ Feb–Apr Sun Very Benficial Insects years low Cercis occidentalis 15’ Ma- Birds/Hummingbirds genta Fall Color, Berries, or Seed Pods CA Native Specimen Deciduous Riparian Medians, Landscape Parkways Swales, Unirrigated Swales Low root damage potential Tolerates clay soils and wide range of soil pH

mod. - moderate incon. - inconspicious peren. - perennial lav. - lavender

10 | Landscape Guidelines City of Citrus Heights

Bloom Common Name Height Season Growth and Sun/ Water Scientific Name Rate Lifespan Width Color Shade Use Special Notes/ Usage Photo Desert Willow Mod. 40–150 25’ Apr–Jul Sun, Very Birds/Hummingbirds years Part low Chilopsis linearis 20’ Various Shade Specimen Medians, Landscape Parkways, Parking Lots Deciduous Low root damage potential

Chinese Fringe Tree Mod. 40–150 20’ Mar– Sun, Mod. Fall Color, Berries, or Seed Pods years May Part Chionanthus 20’ Shade Specimen retusus White Medians, Landscape Parkways Low root damage potential Deciduous

4 Washington Mod. 50–150 25’ Mar– Sun, Mod. Birds/Hummingbirds Hawthorn years May Part 20’ Shade Fall Color, Berries, or Seed Pods Crataegus White phaenopyrum Specimen Medians, Landscape Parkways Deciduous Low root damage potential

mod. - moderate incon. - inconspicious peren. - perennial lav. - lavender

Landscape Guidelines | 11 City of Citrus Heights

Bloom Common Name Height Season Growth and Sun/ Water Scientific Name Rate Lifespan Width Color Shade Use Special Notes/ Usage Photo Chilean Lily-of-the- Mod. 50–150 25’ Mar– Sun, Mod. Birds/Hummingbirds Valley Tree years May Part 25’ Shade Fall Color, Berries, or Seed Pods Crinodendron White patagua Specimen Medians, Landscape Parkways Evergreen Moderate root damage potential

6 Muskogee Hybrid Slow 50–150 25’ Jun–Sep Sun Low Fall Color, Berries, or Seed Pods Crape Myrtle years 12’ Lav. Specimen Lagerstroemia ‘Muskogee’ Medians, Landscape Parkways Low root damage potential Deciduous

7 Natchez Hybrid Slow 50–150 25’ Jun–Sep Sun Low Fall Color, Berries, or Seed Pods Crape Myrtle years 12’ White Specimen Lagerstroemia ‘Natchez’ Medians, Landscape Parkways Low root damage potential Deciduous

mod. - moderate incon. - inconspicious peren. - perennial lav. - lavender

12 | Landscape Guidelines City of Citrus Heights

Bloom Common Name Height Season Growth and Sun/ Water Scientific Name Rate Lifespan Width Color Shade Use Special Notes/ Usage Photo Pinyon Pine Slow 150+ 25’ Incon. Sun, Low Specimen years Part Pinus edulis 20’ NA Shade Medians, Landscape Parkways Low root damage potential Evergreen

9 Silver Sierra Texas Slow 50–150 15’ Feb– Sun, Low Hedge/Screen Mountain Laurel years Mar Part 15’ Shade Specimen Sophora Purple secundiflora Medians, Landscape Parkways, Parking Lots ‘Silver Sierra’ Low root damage potential

Evergreen

10 Japanese Snowdrop Slow 40–150 25’ Jun–Aug Sun, Mod. Fall Color, Berries, or Seed Pods Tree years Part 25’ White Shade Hedge/Screen Styrax japonicus Specimen Medians, Landscape Parkways Deciduous Low root damage potential

mod. - moderate incon. - inconspicious peren. - perennial lav. - lavender

Landscape Guidelines | 13 City of Citrus Heights

Bloom Common Name Height Season Growth and Sun/ Water Scientific Name Rate Lifespan Width Color Shade Use Special Notes/ Usage Photo Chaste Tree Mod. 50–150 25’ Jul–Oct Sun, Low Benficial Insects years Part Vitex agnus-castus 20’ Violet Shade Birds/Hummingbirds Fall Color, Berries, or Seed Pods Deciduous Hedge/Screen Specimen Medians, Landscape Parkways Low root damage potential

Many named varieties 12 Medium Trees (26 feet–45 feet) Shantung Maple Fast 50–150 30’ Incon. Sun, Mod. Fall Color, Berries, or Seed Pods years Shade Acer truncatum 30’ NA Medians, Landscape Parkways, Street Tree Low root damage potential Deciduous

13 Mountain She-oak Fast 50–150 35’ Incon. Sun, Low Hedge/Screen years Part Allocasuarina 20’ NA Shade Specimen verticillata Medians, Landscape Parkways Moderate root damage potential Evergreen

mod. - moderate incon. - inconspicious peren. - perennial lav. - lavender

14 | Landscape Guidelines City of Citrus Heights

Bloom Common Name Height Season Growth and Sun/ Water Scientific Name Rate Lifespan Width Color Shade Use Special Notes/ Usage Photo Marina Madrone Slow 50–150 35’ Feb–Aug Sun Low Birds/Hummingbirds years Arbutus ‘Marina’ 30’ Pink Fall Color, Berries, or Seed Pods Medians, Landscape Parkways, Parking Lots, Street Tree Evergreen Low root damage potential Red fruits and attractive shredding bark

15 European Slow 50–150 40’ Incon. Sun, Mod. Fall Color, Berries, or Seed Pods Hornbeam years Part 40’ NA Shade Hedge/Screen Carpinus betulus Medians, Landscape Parkways, Street Tree Low root damage potential Deciduous

16 Carob Mod. 150+ 35’ Mar– Sun, Low Fall Color, Berries, or Seed Pods years May Part Ceratonia siliqua 35’ Shade Medians, Landscape Parkways Red High root damage potential Evergreen

mod. - moderate incon. - inconspicious peren. - perennial lav. - lavender

Landscape Guidelines | 15 City of Citrus Heights

Bloom Common Name Height Season Growth and Sun/ Water Scientific Name Rate Lifespan Width Color Shade Use Special Notes/ Usage Photo Judas Tree Mod. 50–150 30’ Mar– Sun, Mod. Fall Color, Berries, or Seed Pods years May Part Cercis silaquastrum 30’ Shade Specimen Rose Low root damage potential Deciduous

18 Pink Dawn Chitalpa Fast 40–150 30’ Mar– Sun, Low Specimen years Sep Part Chitalpa 30’ Shade Medians, Landscape Parkways, Parking tashkentensis Pink Lots, Street Tree ‘Pink Dawn’ Low root damage potential Taproot; safe for paving Deciduous

19 American Yellow Slow 50–150 45’ Mar–Jun Sun, Mod. Fall Color, Berries, or Seed Pods Wood years Part 20’ White Shade Medians, Landscape Parkways, Street Tree Cladrastis kentukea Moderate root damage potential

Deciduous

mod. - moderate incon. - inconspicious peren. - perennial lav. - lavender

16 | Landscape Guidelines City of Citrus Heights

Bloom Common Name Height Season Growth and Sun/ Water Scientific Name Rate Lifespan Width Color Shade Use Special Notes/ Usage Photo Australian WIllow Fast 50–150 30’ Apr–Jun Sun, Mod. Medians, Landscape Parkways, Street Tree years Part Geijera parvifolia 20’ White Shade Low root damage potential

Evergreen

Autumn Gold Slow 150+ 40’ Incon. Sun, Mod. Fall Color, Berries, or Seed Pods Ginkgo years Part 30’ NA Shade Medians, Landscape Parkways, Street Tree Ginkgo biloba ‘Autumn Gold’ Moderate root damage potential Get males to avoid messy fruits Deciduous

21 Chinese Flame Tree Mod. 50–150 35’ Jun–Sep Sun, Mod. Birds/Hummingbirds years Part Koelreuteria 35’ Yellow Shade Fall Color, Berries, or Seed Pods bipinnata Medians, Landscape Parkways, Parking Lots, Street Tree Deciduous Low root damage potential

mod. - moderate incon. - inconspicious peren. - perennial lav. - lavender

Landscape Guidelines | 17 City of Citrus Heights

Bloom Common Name Height Season Growth and Sun/ Water Scientific Name Rate Lifespan Width Color Shade Use Special Notes/ Usage Photo Formosan Flame Mod. 50–150 35’ Sep–Nov Sun, Mod. Birds/Hummingbirds Tree years Part 25’ Yellow Shade Fall Color, Berries, or Seed Pods Koelreuteria elegans ssp. Medians, Landscape Parkways, Parking formosana Lots, Street Tree Low root damage potential Deciduous

23 Goldenrain Tree Slow 50–150 35’ Jun–Sep Sun, Mod. Birds/Hummingbirds years Part Koelreuteria 35’ Yellow Shade Fall Color, Berries, or Seed Pods paniculata Medians, Landscape Parkways, Parking Lots, Street Tree Deciduous Swales Low root damage potential

24 Saucer Magnolia Mod. 50–150 30’ Feb–Apr Sun, Mod. Specimen years Part Magnolia x 30’ Various Shade Low root damage potential soulangeana Many named varieties

Deciduous

mod. - moderate incon. - inconspicious peren. - perennial lav. - lavender

18 | Landscape Guidelines City of Citrus Heights

Bloom Common Name Height Season Growth and Sun/ Water Scientific Name Rate Lifespan Width Color Shade Use Special Notes/ Usage Photo Sourwood Slow 50–150 30’ Jun–Sep Sun, Mod. Fall Color, Berries, or Seed Pods years Part Oxydendrum 20’ White Shade Specimen arboreum Moderate root damage potential

Deciduous

26 Chinese Pistache Mod. 150+ 65’ Incon. Sun, Low Fall Color, Berries, or Seed Pods years Part Pistacia chinensis 45’ NA Shade Medians, Landscape Parkways, Parking Lots, Street Tree Low root damage potential Deciduous

Carolina Laurel Fast 50–150 35’ Feb– Sun, Low Fall Color, Berries, or Seed Pods Cherry years May Part 35’ Shade Hedge/Screen Prunus caroliniana White Medians, Landscape Parkways, Parking Lots, Street Tree Evergreen Low root damage potential

mod. - moderate incon. - inconspicious peren. - perennial lav. - lavender

Landscape Guidelines | 19 City of Citrus Heights

Bloom Common Name Height Season Growth and Sun/ Water Scientific Name Rate Lifespan Width Color Shade Use Special Notes/ Usage Photo Large Trees (greater than 45 feet) Big Leaf Maple Fast 150+ 75’ Incon. Sun, High Fall Color, Berries, or Seed Pods years Shade Acer macrophyllum 50’ NA Specimen Riparian CA Native Medians, Landscape Parkways Deciduous Swales High root damage potential

27 Norway Maple Fast 50–150 65’ Incon. Sun, Mod. Fall Color, Berries, or Seed Pods years Part Acer platanoides 50’ NA Shade Medians, Landscape Parkways, Parking Lots, Street Tree Swales Deciduous Moderate root damage potential Many named varieties

28 Red Maple Fast 50–150 65’ Incon. Sun, Mod. Fall Color, Berries, or Seed Pods years Part Acer rubrum 40’ NA Shade Medians, Landscape Parkways, Parking Lots, Street Tree Swales Deciduous Moderate root damage potential Many named varieties

mod. - moderate incon. - inconspicious peren. - perennial lav. - lavender

20 | Landscape Guidelines City of Citrus Heights

Bloom Common Name Height Season Growth and Sun/ Water Scientific Name Rate Lifespan Width Color Shade Use Special Notes/ Usage Photo California Incense Slow 150+ 90’ Incon. Sun, Mod. With Oaks Cedar years Part 15’ NA Shade Medians, Landscape Parkways Calocedrus decurrens Moderate root damage potential

CA Native Evergreen

29 Common Hackberry Fast 50–150 60’ Incon. Sun, Low Fall Color, Berries, or Seed Pods years Shade Celtis occidentalis 50’ NA Medians, Landscape Parkways, Parking Lots, Street Tree Moderate root damage potential Deciduous

30 Autumn Purple Mod. 50–150 80’ Incon. Sun, Mod. Medians, Landscape Parkways, Parking White Ash years Part Lots, Street Tree 50’ NA Shade Fraxinus americana Moderate root damage potential ‘Autumn Purple’

Deciduous

mod. - moderate incon. - inconspicious peren. - perennial lav. - lavender

Landscape Guidelines | 21 City of Citrus Heights

Bloom Common Name Height Season Growth and Sun/ Water Scientific Name Rate Lifespan Width Color Shade Use Special Notes/ Usage Photo Oregon Ash Fast 150+ 80’ Incon. Sun, Mod. Riparian years Part Fraxinus latifolia 40’ NA Shade Swales, Unirrigated Swales Low root damage potential CA Native Best in natural setting Deciduous

32 Princeton Sentry Mod. 50–150 65’ Incon. Sun, Mod. Fall Color, Berries, or Seed Pods Ginkgo years Part 20’ NA Shade Medians, Landscape Parkways, Street Tree Ginkgo biloba ‘Princeton Sentry’ Moderate root damage potential Use males to avoid messy fruits Deciduous

33 Silk Oak Fast 50–150 65’ Incon. Sun Low Medians, Landscape Parkways years Grevillea robusta 30’ NA Moderate root damage potential

Evergreen

mod. - moderate incon. - inconspicious peren. - perennial lav. - lavender

22 | Landscape Guidelines City of Citrus Heights

Bloom Common Name Height Season Growth and Sun/ Water Scientific Name Rate Lifespan Width Color Shade Use Special Notes/ Usage Photo Sour Gum Slow 150+ 50’ Incon. Sun, Mod. Fall Color, Berries, or Seed Pods years Part Nyssa sylvatica 30’ NA Shade Riparian Medians, Landscape Parkways, Street Tree Deciduous Low root damage potential Tolerates wet soil and drought

35 Calabrian Pine Fast 150+ 80’ Incon. Sun, Low Specimen years Part Pinus brutia 25’ NA Shade Medians, Landscape Parkways Moderate root damage potential Evergreen

36 Canary Island Pine Fast 50–150 80’ Incon. Sun, Low Medians, Landscape Parkways, Street Tree years Part Pinus canariensis 35’ NA Shade Moderate root damage potential

Evergreen

mod. - moderate incon. - inconspicious peren. - perennial lav. - lavender

Landscape Guidelines | 23 City of Citrus Heights

Bloom Common Name Height Season Growth and Sun/ Water Scientific Name Rate Lifespan Width Color Shade Use Special Notes/ Usage Photo Japanese White Slow 150+ 50’ Incon. Sun, Mod. Specimen Pine years Part 50’ NA Shade Medians, Landscape Parkways Pinus parviflora Moderate root damage potential

Evergreen

38 Italian Stone Pine Fast 50–150 80’ Incon. Sun, Low Street tree years Part Pinus pinea 60’ NA Shade Moderate root damage potential

Evergreen

39 Japanese Black Pine Fast 150+ 65’ Incon. Sun, Mod. Fall Color, Berries, or Seed Pods years Part Pinus thunbergii 40’ NA Shade Specimen With Oaks Evergreen Medians, Landscape Parkways Moderate root damage potential

mod. - moderate incon. - inconspicious peren. - perennial lav. - lavender

24 | Landscape Guidelines City of Citrus Heights

Bloom Common Name Height Season Growth and Sun/ Water Scientific Name Rate Lifespan Width Color Shade Use Special Notes/ Usage Photo California Sycamore Fast 150+ 80’ Incon. Sun, Mod. Riparian years Part Platanus racemosa 50’ NA Shade Medians, Landscape Parkways, Parking Lots, Street Tree Swales, Unirrigated Swales CA Native Moderate root damage potential Deciduous

Sawtooth Oak Fast 150+ 65’ Incon. Sun Mod. Birds/ Wildlife years Quercus acutissima 50’ NA With Oaks Medians, Landscape Parkways, Parking Lots, Street Tree Deciduous Moderate root damage potential

41 Coast Live Oak Mod. 150+ 65’ Incon. Sun Very Birds/ Wildlife years low Quercus agrifolia 90’ NA Fall Color, Berries, or Seed Pods Specimen CA Native With Oaks Evergreen Riparian High root damage potential Allow plenty of room for horizontal spread; branches may grow down and along the ground with age 42

mod. - moderate incon. - inconspicious peren. - perennial lav. - lavender

Landscape Guidelines | 25 City of Citrus Heights

Bloom Common Name Height Season Growth and Sun/ Water Scientific Name Rate Lifespan Width Color Shade Use Special Notes/ Usage Photo Blue Oak Slow 150+ 70’ Incon. Sun, Very Birds/ Wildlife years Part low Quercus douglasii 70’ NA Shade Specimen With Oaks CA Native Medians, Landscape Parkways, Street Tree Deciduous Low root damage potential

Valley Oak Slow 150+ 70’ Incon. Sun, Low Birds/ Wildlife years Part Quercus lobata 70’ NA Shade Fall Color, Berries, or Seed Pods Specimen CA Native With Oaks Deciduous Riparian Medians, Landscape Parkways, Street Tree Swales, Unirrigated Swales Moderate root damage potential Cork Oak Fast 150+ 70’ Incon. Sun, Low Birds/ Wildlife years Part Quercus suber 70’ NA Shade Specimen With Oaks Evergreen Medians, Landscape Parkways, Street Tree Moderate root damage potential

mod. - moderate incon. - inconspicious peren. - perennial lav. - lavender

26 | Landscape Guidelines City of Citrus Heights

Bloom Common Name Height Season Growth and Sun/ Water Scientific Name Rate Lifespan Width Color Shade Use Special Notes/ Usage Photo Interior Live Oak Mod. 150+ 50’ Incon. Sun, Low Birds/ Wildlife years Part Quercus wislizeni 50’ NA Shade Specimen With Oaks CA Native Riparian Evergreen Medians, Landscape Parkways, Street Tree Swales, Unirrigated Swales Moderate root damage potential

43 Japanese Pagoda Mod. 50–150 60’ May–Jul Sun, Low Fall Color, Berries, or Seed Pods Tree years Part 60’ White Shade Specimen Sophora japonica Medians, Landscape Parkways, Street Tree Low root damage potential Deciduous

44 American Linden Mod. 50–150 60’ May–Jul Sun, Mod. Fall Color, Berries, or Seed Pods years Part Tilia americana 30’ White Shade Medians, Landscape Parkways, Street Tree Moderate root damage potential Deciduous

mod. - moderate incon. - inconspicious peren. - perennial lav. - lavender

Landscape Guidelines | 27 City of Citrus Heights

Bloom Common Name Height Season Growth and Sun/ Water Scientific Name Rate Lifespan Width Color Shade Use Special Notes/ Usage Photo Littleleaf Linden Slow 50–150 50’ May–Jul Sun, Mod. Fall Color, Berries, or Seed Pods years Part Tilia cordata 30’ Yellow/ Shade Medians, Landscape Parkways, Street Tree White Moderate root damage potential Deciduous

Princeton American Fast 150+ 65’ Incon. Sun, Mod. Fall Color, Berries, or Seed Pods Elm years Part 40’ NA Shade Medians, Landscape Parkways, Street Tree Ulmus americana ‘Princeton’ High root damage potential Resistant to elm diseases Deciduous

46 SHRUBS Small Shrubs (3 feet or less) Big Sur Manzanita Mod. peren. 3’ Mar–Jun Sun, Mod. Birds/Hummingbirds Part Arctostaphylos 4’ White Shade With Oaks edmundsii ‘Big Sur’

CA Native Evergreen

mod. - moderate incon. - inconspicious peren. - perennial lav. - lavender

28 | Landscape Guidelines City of Citrus Heights

Bloom Common Name Height Season Growth and Sun/ Water Scientific Name Rate Lifespan Width Color Shade Use Special Notes/ Usage Photo Buzz Ivory Butterfly Fast peren. 2’ Jun–Oct Sun, Mod. Beneficial Insects Bush Part 4’ White Shade Birds/Hummingbirds Buddleia davidii ‘Buzz Ivory’ With Oaks

Deciduous

48 Buzz Sky Blue Fast peren. 2’ Jun–Oct Sun, Mod. Beneficial Insects Butterfly Bush Part 4’ Blue Shade Birds/Hummingbirds Buddleia davidii ‘Buzz Sky Blue’ With Oaks

Deciduous

49 Joyce Coulter Slow peren. 2’ Feb–Apr Sun, Mod. Beneficial Insects Ceanothus Part 8’ Blue Shade Birds/Hummingbirds Ceanothus ‘Joyce Coulter’

CA Native Evergreen

mod. - moderate incon. - inconspicious peren. - perennial lav. - lavender

Landscape Guidelines | 29 City of Citrus Heights

Bloom Common Name Height Season Growth and Sun/ Water Scientific Name Rate Lifespan Width Color Shade Use Special Notes/ Usage Photo Yankee Point Mod. peren. 1’ Feb–Apr Sun, Low Beneficial Insects Ceanothus Part 12’ Blue Shade Birds/Hummingbirds Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. With Oaks griseus ‘Yankee Medians, Landscape Parkways Point’ Groundcover

CA Native Evergreen 50 Red Buckwheat Fast peren. 1’ Jun–Oct Sun Low Beneficial Insects Eriogonum grande 3’ Pink var. rubescens

CA Native Evergreen

Naked Buckwheat Mod. peren. 3’ May– Sun Low Beneficial Insects Oct Eriogonum 2’ nudum Yellow ‘Ella Nelson’s Yellow’

CA Native Evergreen

mod. - moderate incon. - inconspicious peren. - perennial lav. - lavender

30 | Landscape Guidelines City of Citrus Heights

Bloom Common Name Height Season Growth and Sun/ Water Scientific Name Rate Lifespan Width Color Shade Use Special Notes/ Usage Photo Blue Lance English Mod. peren. 1.5’ May– Sun, Low Beneficial Insects Lavender Aug Part 1.5’ Shade Medians, Landscape Parkways Lavandula Purple angustifolia ‘Blue Lance’

Evergreen

Silver Bush Lupine Mod. peren. 3’ Apr–Aug Sun, Low Beneficial Insects Part Lupinus albifrons 3’ Purple Shade

CA Native Deciduous

Bush Monkey Fast peren. 3’ Jun–Aug Sun, Low Beneficial Insects Flower Part 3’ Orange Shade Birds/Hummingbirds Mimulus aurantiacus With Oaks Swales CA Native Evergreen

mod. - moderate incon. - inconspicious peren. - perennial lav. - lavender

Landscape Guidelines | 31 City of Citrus Heights

Bloom Common Name Height Season Growth and Sun/ Water Scientific Name Rate Lifespan Width Color Shade Use Special Notes/ Usage Photo Jerusalem Sage Fast peren. 3’ May– Sun, Low Beneficial Insects Jun Part Phlomis fruticosa 3’ Shade Yellow

Evergreen

Western Sword Mod. peren. 2’ NA Part Mod. With Oaks Fern Sun, 3’ NA Shade Swales Polystichum munitum

CA Native Evergreen

51 Evergreen Currant Mod. peren. 2’ Jan–Mar Part Low Beneficial Insects Shade, Ribes viburnifolium 6’ Red Shade Birds/Hummingbirds With Oaks CA Native Riparian Evergreen

mod. - moderate incon. - inconspicious peren. - perennial lav. - lavender

32 | Landscape Guidelines City of Citrus Heights

Bloom Common Name Height Season Growth and Sun/ Water Scientific Name Rate Lifespan Width Color Shade Use Special Notes/ Usage Photo California Rose Fast peren. 3’ May– Sun, Low Beneficial Insects Oct Part Rosa californica 8’ Shade, Birds/Hummingbirds Pink Shade Hedge/Screen CA Native Riparian Deciduous Medians, Landscape Parkways Swales

Red Texas Sage Fast peren. 3’ May– Sun Low Beneficial Insects Sep Salvia greggii 3’ Birds/Hummingbirds ‘Furman’s Red’ Ma- genta Swales (sides)

Evergreen

53 Azure Bush Fast peren. 3’ Jun–Oct Sun, Low Beneficial Insects Germander Part 5’ Blue Shade Birds/Hummingbirds Teucrium fruticans ‘Azureum’ Groundcover A dense, mounding shrub that can be massed as a groundcover Evergreen

mod. - moderate incon. - inconspicious peren. - perennial lav. - lavender

Landscape Guidelines | 33 City of Citrus Heights

Bloom Common Name Height Season Growth and Sun/ Water Scientific Name Rate Lifespan Width Color Shade Use Special Notes/ Usage Photo Medium Shrubs (4 feet–7 feet) Dwarf Butterfly Fast peren. 4’ Jun–Oct Sun, Mod. Beneficial Insects Bush Part 4’ Purple Shade Birds/Hummingbirds Buddleia davidii ‘Blue Chip’ With Oaks

Deciduous

Concha Ceanothus Mod. peren. 6’ Mar– Sun, Low Beneficial Insects May Part Ceanothus ‘Concha’ 6’ Shade Hedge/Screen Blue

CA Native Evergreen

54 White Rockrose Fast peren. 4’ May–Jul Sun, Low Beneficial Insects Part Cistus cobariensis 4’ White Shade Hedge/Screen Medians, Landscape Parkways Evergreen

mod. - moderate incon. - inconspicious peren. - perennial lav. - lavender

34 | Landscape Guidelines City of Citrus Heights

Bloom Common Name Height Season Growth and Sun/ Water Scientific Name Rate Lifespan Width Color Shade Use Special Notes/ Usage Photo Purple Rock Rose Fast peren. 5’ May–Jul Sun, Low Beneficial Insects Part Cistus x purpureus 5’ Pink Shade Hedge/Screen Medians, Landscape Parkways Evergreen

55 Yellow Tree Lupine Mod. peren. 4’ Apr–Aug Sun, Low Beneficial Insects Part Lupinus arboreus 4’ Yellow Shade Birds/Hummingbirds ‘Yellow’

CA Native Deciduous

Tall Oregon Grape Mod. peren. 6’ Mar–Jun Part Mod. Beneficial Insects Shade, Mahonia 5’ Yellow Shade Fall Color, Berries, or Seed Pods aquifolium With Oaks

CA Native Evergreen

mod. - moderate incon. - inconspicious peren. - perennial lav. - lavender

Landscape Guidelines | 35 City of Citrus Heights

Bloom Common Name Height Season Growth and Sun/ Water Scientific Name Rate Lifespan Width Color Shade Use Special Notes/ Usage Photo Pink-flowered Mod. peren. 5’ Jan–Mar Part Low Beneficial Insects Currant Shade, 3’ Pink Shade Birds/Hummingbirds Ribes sanguineum glutinosum Fall Color, Berries, or Seed Pods Hedge/Screen CA Native Riparian Deciduous

56 Large Shrubs (greater than 7 feet) Vine Hill Manzanita Mod. peren. 8’ Jan–Mar Sun, Low Beneficial Insects Part Arctostaphylos 8’ Pink Shade Birds/Hummingbirds densiflora ‘Howard McMinn’

CA Native Evergreen

Darwin’s Barberry Mod. peren. 9’ Apr– Sun, Mod. Beneficial Insects May Part Berberis darwinii 10’ Shade Birds/Hummingbirds Orange Hedge/Screen Evergreen

mod. - moderate incon. - inconspicious peren. - perennial lav. - lavender

36 | Landscape Guidelines City of Citrus Heights

Bloom Common Name Height Season Growth and Sun/ Water Scientific Name Rate Lifespan Width Color Shade Use Special Notes/ Usage Photo Western Spice Bush Fast peren. 12’ Apr–Aug Part Low Beneficial Insects Shade, Calycanthus 8’ Maroon Shade Fall Color, Berries, or Seed Pods occidentalis Riparian

CA Native Deciduous

58 Bush Anemone Fast peren. 8’ Jun–July Sun, Low Riparian Shade Carpenteria 6’ White californica

CA Native Evergreen

59 Ray Hartman Fast peren. 15’ Feb–Apr Sun, Low Beneficial Insects Ceanothus Part 15’ Blue Shade Birds/Hummingbirds Ceanothus ‘Ray Hartman’

CA Native Evergreen

mod. - moderate incon. - inconspicious peren. - perennial lav. - lavender

Landscape Guidelines | 37 City of Citrus Heights

Bloom Common Name Height Season Growth and Sun/ Water Scientific Name Rate Lifespan Width Color Shade Use Special Notes/ Usage Photo Blueblossom Mod. peren. 4’–15’ Mar–Jun Sun, Low Beneficial Insects Ceanothus Part Varies Blue Shade Birds/Hummingbirds Ceanothus thyrsiflorus Hedge/Screen Specimen CA Native No summer water; needs good drainage Evergreen

60 Flannel Bush Fast peren. 20’ Apr–Jun Sun, Very Hedge/Screen Part low Fremontodendron 15’ Yellow Shade Specimen californicum Riparian

CA Native Evergreen

61 Toyon or Christmas Fast peren. 8’ Mar–Jun Sun, Very Beneficial Insects Berry Part low 12’ White Shade Birds/Hummingbirds Heteromeles arbutifolia Fall Color, Berries, or Seed Pods Hedge/Screen CA Native Riparian Evergreen

mod. - moderate incon. - inconspicious peren. - perennial lav. - lavender

38 | Landscape Guidelines City of Citrus Heights

Bloom Common Name Height Season Growth and Sun/ Water Scientific Name Rate Lifespan Width Color Shade Use Special Notes/ Usage Photo Wild Mock-orange Fast peren. 8’ Apr–Jun Sun, Mod. Specimen Part Philadelphus lewisii 10’ White Shade

CA Native Deciduous

62 Coffee Berry Fast peren. 8’ Mar–Jun Sun, Low Birds/Hummingbirds Part Rhamnus 8’ White Shade Hedge/Screen californica With Oaks Riparian CA Native Easy to prune Evergreen

GROUNDCOVERS AND GRASSES Emerald Carpet Fast peren. < 1’ Mar–Jun Sun, Mod. Beneficial Insects Part Arctostaphylos 6’ White Shade Medians, Landscape Parkways ‘Emerald Carpet’ Groundcover Need rich, well-draining soil CA Native Evergreen

mod. - moderate incon. - inconspicious peren. - perennial lav. - lavender

Landscape Guidelines | 39 City of Citrus Heights

Bloom Common Name Height Season Growth and Sun/ Water Scientific Name Rate Lifespan Width Color Shade Use Special Notes/ Usage Photo Beach Primrose Fast peren. 0.5’ Mar– Sun Low Beneficial Insects Sep Camissonia 2’ Medians, Landscape Parkways cheiranthifolia Yellow Groundcover

CA Native Evergreen

California Meadow Mod. peren. 0.5’ NA Sun Mod. Swales Sedge Spreads NA Groundcover Carex pansa by rhizome

CA Native Evergreen

Creeping Blue Slow peren. 1’–2’ Mar–Jun Sun, Low Beneficial Insects Blossom Part 4’–15’ Blue Shade Birds/Hummingbirds Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. Fall Color, Berries, or Seed Pods repens With Oaks Groundcover CA Native No summer water; needs good drainage Evergreen

mod. - moderate incon. - inconspicious peren. - perennial lav. - lavender

40 | Landscape Guidelines City of Citrus Heights

Bloom Common Name Height Season Growth and Sun/ Water Scientific Name Rate Lifespan Width Color Shade Use Special Notes/ Usage Photo Small Cape Rush Slow peren. 2’–3’ Incon. Sun, Low Swales, Unirrigated Swales (bottoms) Shade Chondropetalum 3’–4’ NA Grass-like tectorum

Evergreen

Sageleaf Rockrose Fast peren. 2’ Apr–Jul Sun, Low Beneficial Insects Part Cistus salvifolius 6’ Pink Shade With Oaks Medians, Landscape Parkways Evergreen Groundcover

Bearberry Coto- Fast peren. 1’ Mar–Jun Sun, Low Birds/Hummingbirds neaster Part 12’ White Shade Medians, Landscape Parkways Cotoneaster dammeri ‘Lowfast’ Groundcover

Evergreen

mod. - moderate incon. - inconspicious peren. - perennial lav. - lavender

Landscape Guidelines | 41 City of Citrus Heights

Bloom Common Name Height Season Growth and Sun/ Water Scientific Name Rate Lifespan Width Color Shade Use Special Notes/ Usage Photo Seaside Daisy Fast peren. < 1’ Apr–Sep Sun, Mod. Beneficial Insects Part Erigeron glaucus 3’ Purple Shade With Oaks ‘Cape Sebastian’ Medians, Landscape Parkways Groundcover CA Native Evergreen

Pt. Molate Red Slow peren. 1’ NA Sun, Mod. Medians, Landscape Parkways Fescue Part Spreads NA Shade Swales Festuca rubra by rhi- ‘Point Molate’ zome Groundcover

CA Native Evergreen

64 Woodland Fast peren. 0.3’ Mar–Jun Part Mod. Birds/Hummingbirds Strawberry Sun, Spreads White Shade Medians, Landscape Parkways Fragaria vesca ssp. by run- californica ners Groundcover

CA Native Evergreen

mod. - moderate incon. - inconspicious peren. - perennial lav. - lavender

42 | Landscape Guidelines City of Citrus Heights

Bloom Common Name Height Season Growth and Sun/ Water Scientific Name Rate Lifespan Width Color Shade Use Special Notes/ Usage Photo California Gray Rush Mod. peren. 1’–2’ Incon. Sun, Mod. Swales, Unirrigated Swales (bottoms) Shade Juncus patens 1’–2’ NA Grass-like

CA Native Evergreen

Silver Carpet Aster Fast peren. < 1’ Apr–Jun Sun Mod. Beneficial Insects Lessingia 4’ Pink With Oaks filaginifolia ‘Silver Carpet’ Medians, Landscape Parkways Groundcover CA Native Evergreen

66 Creeping Mahonia Mod. peren. 1’ Mar–Jun Part Low Beneficial Insects Shade, Mahonia repens 4’ Yellow Shade Birds/Hummingbirds Fall Color, Berries, or Seed Pods CA Native With Oaks Evergreen Medians, Landscape Parkways Groundcover

mod. - moderate incon. - inconspicious peren. - perennial lav. - lavender

Landscape Guidelines | 43 City of Citrus Heights

Bloom Common Name Height Season Growth and Sun/ Water Scientific Name Rate Lifespan Width Color Shade Use Special Notes/ Usage Photo Pink Muhly Grass Fast peren. 2’–3’ Sep–Oct Sun Low Medians, Landscape Parkways Muhlenbergia 2’–3’ Pink Swales, Unirrigated Swales (sides) capillaris Grass Cut back in fall or early spring to remove Evergreen old growth.

Deergrass Fast peren. 3’ Incon. Sun, Low With Oaks Part Muhlenbergia 3’ NA Shade Riparian rigens Medians, Landscape Parkways Swales, Unirrigated Swales (sides) CA Native Grass Evergreen Can be mowed in the fall to remove old growth

Huntington Carpet Mod. peren. 1’ Feb– Sun Low Beneficial Insects Rosemary May 8’ Medians, Landscape Parkways Rosmarinus Purple officinalis Groundcover ‘Huntington Carpet’

Evergreen

mod. - moderate incon. - inconspicious peren. - perennial lav. - lavender

44 | Landscape Guidelines City of Citrus Heights

Bloom Common Name Height Season Growth and Sun/ Water Scientific Name Rate Lifespan Width Color Shade Use Special Notes/ Usage Photo Creeping Raspberry Fast peren. 1’ Jun–Aug Sun, Mod. Beneficial Insects Part Rubus calycinoides 5’ White Shade Birds/Hummingbirds Medians, Landscape Parkways Evergreen Swales Groundcover

Bee’s Bliss Sage Fast peren. 1’ Jun–Aug Sun Low Beneficial Insects Salvia ‘Bee’s Bliss’ 8’ Purple Birds/Hummingbirds With Oaks CA Native Groundcover Evergreen

Creeping Sage Mod. peren. 1’ May– Sun, Low Beneficial Insects Jun Part Salvia sonomensis 6’ Shade Birds/Hummingbirds Purple With Oaks CA Native Groundcover Evergreen

mod. - moderate incon. - inconspicious peren. - perennial lav. - lavender

Landscape Guidelines | 45 City of Citrus Heights

Bloom Common Name Height Season Growth and Sun/ Water Scientific Name Rate Lifespan Width Color Shade Use Special Notes/ Usage Photo Wall Germander Fast peren. 1.25’ Jul–Sep Sun, Low Beneficial Insects Part Teucrium 3’ Pink Shade Medians, Landscape Parkways chamaedrys Swales Groundcover Evergreen

Red Creeping Fast peren. 0.25’ Jun–Oct Sun Low Beneficial Insects Thyme 1’ Pink Groundcover Thymus praecox ‘Coccineus’

Evergreen

mod. - moderate incon. - inconspicious peren. - perennial lav. - lavender

46 | Landscape Guidelines City of Citrus Heights

Phot Credits 1. Image taken by Dr. Chris A. Martin, Arizona State University 2. Callistemon viminalis, Weeping Bottlebrush by Mokkie - Own work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Callistemon_ viminalis,_Weeping_Bottlebrush.jpg#/media/File:Callistemon_viminalis,_Weeping_Bottlebrush.jpg 3. Courtesy of Monrovia 4. Doreen Wynja for Monrovia 5. SelecTree. “Crataegus phaenopyrum Tree Record.” 1995-2015. Jul 9, 2015. < http://selectree.calpoly.edu/tree-detail/crataegus-phaenopyrum > 6. SelecTree. “Crinodendron patagua Tree Record.” 1995-2015. Jul 9, 2015. < http://selectree.calpoly.edu/tree-detail/crinodendron-patagua > 7. Doreen Wynja for Monrovia 8. SelecTree. “Lagerstroemia ‘natchez’ Tree Record.” 1995-2015. Jul 9, 2015. < http://selectree.calpoly.edu/tree-detail/lagerstroemia-natchez > 9. SelecTree. “Pinus edulis Tree Record.” 1995-2015. Jul 9, 2015. < http://selectree.calpoly.edu/tree-detail/pinus-edulis > 10. SelecTree. “Sophora secundiflora Tree Record.” 1995-2015. Jul 9, 2015. < http://selectree.calpoly.edu/tree-detail/sophora-secundiflora > 11. SelecTree. “Styrax japonicus Tree Record.” 1995-2015. Jul 9, 2015. < http://selectree.calpoly.edu/tree-detail/styrax-japonicus > 12. Courtesy of Monrovia 13. SelecTree. “Acer truncatum Tree Record.” 1995-2015. Jul 9, 2015. < http://selectree.calpoly.edu/tree-detail/acer-truncatum > 14. SelecTree. “Allocasuarina verticillata Tree Record.” 1995-2015. Jul 9, 2015. < http://selectree.calpoly.edu/tree-detail/allocasuarina-verticillata > 15. SelecTree. “Arbutus ‘Marina’ Tree Record.” 1995-2015. Jul 9, 2015. < http://selectree.calpoly.edu/tree-detail/arbutus-marina > 16. Courtesy of Monrovia 17. SelecTree. “Ceratonia siliqua Tree Record.” 1995-2015. Jul 9, 2015. < http://selectree.calpoly.edu/tree-detail/ceratonia-siliqua > 18. Cercis siliquastrum - Judas tree - Erguvan 01” by Zeynel Cebeci - Own work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File:Cercis_siliquastrum_-_Judas_tree_-_Erguvan_01.jpg#/media/File:Cercis_siliquastrum_-_Judas_tree_-_Erguvan_01.jpg 19. SelecTree. “× Chitalpa tashkentensis ‘pink dawn’ Tree Record.” 1995-2015. Jul 9, 2015. < http://selectree.calpoly.edu/tree-detail/×-chitalpa-tashkentensis-pink-dawn > 20. SelecTree. “Cladrastis kentukea Tree Record.” 1995-2015. Jul 9, 2015. < http://selectree.calpoly.edu/tree-detail/cladrastis-kentukea > 21. SelecTree. “Ginkgo biloba ‘autumn gold’ Tree Record.” 1995-2015. Jul 9, 2015. < http://selectree.calpoly.edu/tree-detail/ginkgo-biloba-autumn-gold > 22. SelecTree. “Koelreuteria bipinnata Tree Record.” 1995-2015. Jul 9, 2015. < http://selectree.calpoly.edu/tree-detail/koelreuteria-bipinnata > 23. SelecTree. “Koelreuteria elegans subsp. formosana Tree Record.” 1995-2015. Jul 9, 2015. < http://selectree.calpoly.edu/tree-detail/koelreuteria-elegans-formosana > 24. SelecTree. “Koelreuteria paniculata Tree Record.” 1995-2015. Jul 9, 2015. < http://selectree.calpoly.edu/tree-detail/koelreuteria-paniculata > 25. Allan Mandell for Monrovia 26. SelecTree. “Oxydendrum arboreum Tree Record.” 1995-2015. Jul 9, 2015. < http://selectree.calpoly.edu/tree-detail/oxydendrum-arboreum > 27. SelecTree. “Acer macrophyllum Tree Record.” 1995-2015. Jul 9, 2015. < http://selectree.calpoly.edu/tree-detail/acer-macrophyllum > 28. SelecTree. “Acer platanoides Tree Record.” 1995-2015. Jul 9, 2015. < http://selectree.calpoly.edu/tree-detail/acer-platanoides > 29. SelecTree. “Calocedrus decurrens Tree Record.” 1995-2015. Jul 9, 2015. < http://selectree.calpoly.edu/tree-detail/calocedrus-decurrens > 30. SelecTree. “Celtis occidentalis Tree Record.” 1995-2015. Jul 9, 2015. < http://selectree.calpoly.edu/tree-detail/celtis-occidentalis > 31. SelecTree. “Fraxinus americana Tree Record.” 1995-2015. Jul 9, 2015. < http://selectree.calpoly.edu/tree-detail/fraxinus-americana > 32. SelecTree. “Fraxinus latifolia Tree Record.” 1995-2015. Jul 9, 2015. < http://selectree.calpoly.edu/tree-detail/fraxinus-latifolia > 33. Ginkgo biloba ‘Princeton Sentry’” by David Bockman from Fairfax, USA - IMG_3511. Licensed under CC BY 2.0 via Wikimedia Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File:Ginkgo_biloba_%27Princeton_Sentry%27.jpg#/media/File:Ginkgo_biloba_%27Princeton_Sentry%27.jpg 34. SelecTree. “Grevillea robusta Tree Record.” 1995-2015. Jul 9, 2015. < http://selectree.calpoly.edu/tree-detail/grevillea-robusta > 35. SelecTree. “Nyssa sylvatica Tree Record.” 1995-2015. Jul 9, 2015. < http://selectree.calpoly.edu/tree-detail/nyssa-sylvatica > 36. SelecTree. “Pinus brutia Tree Record.” 1995-2015. Jul 9, 2015. < http://selectree.calpoly.edu/tree-detail/pinus-brutia > 37. SelecTree. “Pinus canariensis Tree Record.” 1995-2015. Jul 9, 2015. < http://selectree.calpoly.edu/tree-detail/pinus-canariensis > 38. Doreen Wynja for Monrovia 39. SelecTree. “Pinus pinea Tree Record.” 1995-2015. Jul 9, 2015. < http://selectree.calpoly.edu/tree-detail/pinus-pinea > 40. Courtesy of Monrovia 41. SelecTree. “Quercus acutissima Tree Record.” 1995-2015. Jul 9, 2015. < http://selectree.calpoly.edu/tree-detail/quercus-acutissima > 42. SelecTree. “Quercus agrifolia Tree Record.” 1995-2015. Jul 15, 2015. < https://selectree.calpoly.edu/tree-detail/quercus-agrifolia > 43. SelecTree. “Quercus wislizeni Tree Record.” 1995-2015. Sep 24, 2015. < https://selectree.calpoly.edu/tree-detail/quercus-wislizeni > 44. SelecTree. “Sophora japonica Tree Record.” 1995-2015. Jul 9, 2015. < http://selectree.calpoly.edu/tree-detail/sophora-japonica > 45. SelecTree. “Tilia americana Tree Record.” 1995-2015. Jul 9, 2015. < http://selectree.calpoly.edu/tree-detail/tilia-americana > 46. SelecTree. “Ulmus americana Tree Record.” 1995-2015. Jul 9, 2015. < http://selectree.calpoly.edu/tree-detail/ulmus-americana > 47. Arctostaphylos edmundsii 1 by Stan Shebs. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arctostaphylos_edmundsii_1.jpg#/ media/File:Arctostaphylos_edmundsii_1.jpg 48. Buddleja davidii ‘White Profusion’ crown” by Ptelea - Own work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Buddleja_ davidii_%27White_Profusion%27_crown.jpg#/media/File:Buddleja_davidii_%27White_Profusion%27_crown.jpg 49. BuddlejaDavidiiStrauch by I, IKAl. Licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 via Wikimedia Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BuddlejaDavidiiStrauch.jpg#/media/ File:BuddlejaDavidiiStrauch.jpg 50. Ceanothus griseus var horizontalis 1” by Stan Shebs. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ceanothus_griseus_var_

Landscape Guidelines | 47 City of Citrus Heights

horizontalis_1.jpg#/media/File:Ceanothus_griseus_var_horizontalis_1.jpg 51. Doreen Wynja for Monrovia 52. Ribes viburnifolium (13464553163) by peganum from Henfield, England - Ribes viburnifolium. Licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 via Wikimedia Commons - https://commons.wikimedia. org/wiki/File:Ribes_viburnifolium_(13464553163).jpg#/media/File:Ribes_viburnifolium_(13464553163).jpg 53. Richard Shiell for Monrovia 54. Calscape, photo by Dennis Mudd. 55. Geoff Bryant for Monrovia 56. Pink Flowering Currant closeup, Ribes sanguineum” by Mark Robinson from Williton, UK - Pink CascadesUploaded by Austin512. Licensed under CC BY 2.0 via Wikimedia Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pink_Flowering_Currant_closeup,_Ribes_sanguineum.jpg#/media/File:Pink_Flowering_Currant_closeup,_Ribes_sanguineum.jpg 57. Berberis darwinii 05” by Michael Wolf - Own work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Berberis_darwinii_05.jpg#/ media/File:Berberis_darwinii_05.jpg 58. Calycanthus occidentalis 02” by Michael Wolf - Own work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Calycanthus_ occidentalis_02.jpg#/media/File:Calycanthus_occidentalis_02.jpg 59. Carpenteria californica 2 2011” by Andy king50 - Own work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Carpenteria_ californica_2_2011.JPG#/media/File:Carpenteria_californica_2_2011.JPG 60. Ceanothus thyrsiflorus” by A. Barra - Own work. Licensed under CC BY 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ceanothus_thyrsiflorus.jpg#/media/ File:Ceanothus_thyrsiflorus.jpg 61. Fremontodendron California Glory 1” by Stan Shebs. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fremontodendron_California_ Glory_1.jpg#/media/File:Fremontodendron_California_Glory_1.jpg 62. Philadelphus lewisii HRM2” by A. Barra - Own work. Licensed under GFDL via Wikimedia Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Philadelphus_lewisii_HRM2.JPG#/ media/File:Philadelphus_lewisii_HRM2.JPG 63. Ceanothus thyrsiflorus by A. Barra - Own work. Licensed under CC BY 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ceanothus_thyrsiflorus.jpg#/media/ File:Ceanothus_thyrsiflorus.jpg 64. Photograph by Rob Soreng, courtesy of Smithsonian Institution 65. Woodland Strawberry (Fragaria vesca) (6247538566) by Franco Folini from San Francisco, USA - Woodland Strawberry (Fragaria vesca). Licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 via Wikimedia Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Woodland_Strawberry_(Fragaria_vesca)_(6247538566).jpg#/media/File:Woodland_Strawberry_(Fragaria_vesca)_(6247538566). jpg 66. Annie’s Annuals & Perennials 67. Doreen Wynja for Monrovia 68. Courtesy of Monrovia 69. “Creeping red thyme” by Own Herby talk thyme - Own work. Licensed under CC BY 2.5 via Wikimedia Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Creeping_red_thyme. jpg#/media/File:Creeping_red_thyme.jpg

48 | Landscape Guidelines