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Tecnomagia E Tecnoxamanismo: Genealogias Possíveis

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Tecnomagia E Tecnoxamanismo: Genealogias Possíveis UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO ESCOLA DE COMUNICAÇÃO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM COMUNICAÇÃO E CULTURA ADRIANO BELISÁRIO FEITOSA DA COSTA TECNOMAGIA E TECNOXAMANISMO: GENEALOGIAS POSSÍVEIS Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Comunicação e Cultura, da Escola de Comunicação da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Comunicação e Cultura. Orientação: Profa. Dra. Fernanda Glória Bruno RIO DE JANEIRO 2016 ADRIANO BELISÁRIO FEITOSA DA COSTA TECNOMAGIA E TECNOXAMANISMO: GENEALOGIAS POSSÍVEIS Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Comunicação e Cultura, da Escola de Comunicação da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Comunicação e Cultura. Orientação: Profa. Dra. Fernanda Glória Bruno RIO DE JANEIRO 2016 AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço inicialmente à minha família, em especial, meus pais, Gianna Carla e Euclides Belisário, meu irmão, Allan Belisário, e minha vó, Olga Siqueira, pelo apoio incondicional que tornou todo trabalho possível. E à Juliana Lopes por estar diariamente compartilhando esta jornada com amor e afeto. Agradeço ainda a todos amigos e amigas. André Duchiade deu colaboração importantíssima, principalmente com as traduções. Julianna Sá, Talita Arruda e Mariah Queiroz de diferentes maneiras também ajudaram neste processo, assim como Kleper Reis. Para a pesquisa, foram fundamentais todo diálogo e aprendizado com os participantes (citados na pesquisa ou não) das redes e encontros da Metareciclagem, Submidalogia, Estúdio Livre, Tecnomagia e Tecnoxamanismo. Sou grato também a todas as pessoas que se dispuseram a ler trechos e dialogar sobre a pesquisa, como Fabiane Borges, Felipe Fonseca, Giseli Vasconcelos, Guilherme Soares, Marcelo Braz, Regis (Bailux) e Ricardo Ruiz. E a Guilherme Semionato, que fez a revisão do texto. Na academia, agradeço especialmente a Fernanda Bruno pela orientação e a Erick Felinto e a Pedro P. Ferreira pela leitura e críticas na qualificação. Também tiveram grande importância as aulas com Eduardo Viveiros de Castro no Museu Nacional em 2014. CIP - Catalogação na Publicação Costa, Adriano Belisário Feitosa da C838t Tecnomagia e tecnoxamanismo: genealogias possíveis / Adriano Belisário Feitosa da Costa. -- Rio de Janeiro, 2016. 202 f. Orientador: Fernanda Glória Bruno. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Escola da Comunicação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação, 2016. 1. tecnomagia. 2. tecnoxamanismo. 3. cibernetica. 4. antropofagia. 5. tecnologia. I. Bruno, Fernanda Glória, orient. II. Título. Elaborado pelo Sistema de Geração Automática da UFRJ com os dados fornecidos pelo(a) autor(a). RESUMO BELISÁRIO, Adriano. Tecnomagia e tecnoxamanismo: genealogias possíveis. Rio de Janeiro, 2016. Dissertação (Mestrado em Comunicação e Cultura) – Escola de Comunicação, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 2016 O trabalho consiste em uma pesquisa exploratória sobre os discursos ligados à tecnomagia e ao tecnoxamanismo. Seu objetivo é contribuir para o recente debate em torno do tema, não para estabilizar tais conceitos em uma definição, mas para fazer proliferar perspectivas múltiplas. Inspirado no método histórico-genealógico de Nietzsche e Foucault, o texto inicialmente introduz diferentes perspectivas sobre a técnica para então apresentar a emergência da tecnomagia e do tecnoxamanismo em dois momentos: no discurso anglófono, a partir da relação entre movimentos “contraculturais”, saberes tradicionais e as novas tecnologias eletrônicas na segunda metade do século XX; e no discurso antropofágico, a partir de Oswald de Andrade, dos concretistas, dos tropicalistas e, no século XXI, das redes ligadas à cultura hacker, às tecnologias livres, à mídia e ao ativismo no Brasil. Ainda no discurso antropofágico contemporâneo, aventamos, por fim, possíveis contribuições do perspectivismo ameríndio para uma abordagem não antropocêntrica da técnica e do tecnoxamanismo. Palavras-chave: técnica, tecnologia, xamanismo, magia, antropofagia, perspectivismo, tecnomagia, tecnoxamanismo, technoshamanism ABSTRACT This present work consists in researching and exploring discourses on technomagic and technoshamanism. Its main goal is to contribute to the debate on the subject, not by stabilizing such concepts in enclosed definitions, but by making them proliferate in multiple perspectives. Inspired by the historical-genealogical method of Nietzsche and Foucault, the text initially introduces multiple perspectives about technology. Based on this, it presents the emergence of technomagic and technoshamanism in two stances: the first one is in anglophone discourses, through the complex relation between countercultural movements, traditional knowledges and new technologies at the second half ot the 20th century. The second stance is the anthropophagic discourse, when are explored ideas developed by Oswald de Andrade, the concretist artists, the tropicalistas and also contemporary networks related to hacker culture, free technologies, the media and activism in Brazil. Still talking about the contemporary anthropofagic discourse, we finally consider possible contributions of amerindian perspectivism for a non-anthropocentric approach of technology and technoshamanism. Keywords: technoshamanism; technomagic; technopaganism; perspectivism; anthropophagy; 1 Sumário INTRODUÇÃO.................................................................................................................2 Apresentação do tema da pesquisa...............................................................................2 Metodologia..................................................................................................................4 Estrutura da dissertação..............................................................................................10 1 - O lugar da técnica.......................................................................................................13 1.1 – A técnica como instrumento do humano............................................................15 1.2 – Técnica e modernidade......................................................................................19 1.3 – Tectologia e cibernética.....................................................................................29 1.4 – A técnica pós-cibernética...................................................................................44 2- Contracultura cibernética............................................................................................51 2.1 – Novo Comunalismo...........................................................................................52 2.2 – Neopaganismo KopyLeft...................................................................................64 2.3 – Hackers e cyberpunks........................................................................................68 2.4 – O DJ e o xamã....................................................................................................73 2.5 – Cibermisticismo.................................................................................................80 2.6 – Gnosticismo tecnológico e trans-humanismo....................................................88 2.7 – Outras perspectivas............................................................................................97 3 – Antropofagias da técnica.........................................................................................103 3.1 – O sonho cibernético de Oswald de Andrade....................................................104 3.2 – Novos Bárbaros................................................................................................113 3.3 – Interlúdio: ciberxamanismo.............................................................................118 3.4 – Deglutindo o digital.........................................................................................121 3.5 – Emergência de redes........................................................................................136 3.6 – Tecnologia e perspectivismo ameríndio...........................................................155 CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS........................................................................................171 REFERÊNCIAS............................................................................................................174 Listas de discussão....................................................................................................200 Áudios e Vídeos........................................................................................................200 Jornais, revistas e periódicos.....................................................................................201 Entrevistas realizadas pelo autor...............................................................................201 2 INTRODUÇÃO Apresentação do tema da pesquisa Costuma-se dizer que a filosofia surge do espanto. Este não é um trabalho de filosofia, mas nossa reflexão pode começar assim. Frequentemente, estranhamento e espanto estão entre as primeiras reações frente a ideias como tecnomagia e tecnoxamanismo - junto com entusiasmo e interesse, por vezes simultaneamente. À primeira vista, essas ideias podem parecer uma aliança improvável entre domínios distintos ou mesmo inconciliáveis. De um lado, a técnica, concebida usualmente a partir dos feitos da “sociedade moderna”, segundo a objetividade do conhecimento científico
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