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El Género Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae) En El Departa

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El Género Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae) En El Departa Revista peruana de biología 27(2): 189 - 204 (2020) El género Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae) en el departa- doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v27i2.15718 mento de Lambayeque, Perú ISSN-L 1561-0837; eISSN: 1727-9933 Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos The genus Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae) in the department of Trabajos originales Lambayeque, Peru Presentado: 13/01/2019 Aceptado: 16/02/2020 Publicado online: 25/05/2020 Editor: Resumen. Se presentan 26 taxones de Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae) que ocurren en el departa- mento de Lambayeque, Perú, de los cuales 12 se registran por primera vez, ocu- pando distintas ecoregiones y formaciones vegetales, desde el tillandsial de poca Autores elevación hasta la Jalca. Se presentan claves dicotómicas para la determinación de José Ayasta* los subgéneros, especies y variedades y además se proporcionan datos actualizados [email protected] de distribución geográfica, rango altitudinal, usos y de conservación. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1832-1315 Abstract Ana Juarez [email protected] There are 26 taxa of Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae) that occur in the department of https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5179-4942 Lambayeque, Peru, of which 12 are registered for the first time, occupying different Correspondencia ecoregions and plant formations, from the low tillandsial to the Jalca. Dichotomous *Corresponding author keys for the determination of subgenera, species and varieties are presented and updated data on geographical distribution, altitudinal range, uses and conservation Herbario PRG. Universidad Nacional Pedro Ruiz Gallo, Ciudad Universitaria, Juan XXIII 391, Lambayeque, are also provided. Perú. Palabras clave: Tillandsia; Bromeliaceae; endemismos; departamento de Lambayeque; Perú. Key words: Tillandsia; Bromeliaceae; endemic species; department of Lambayeque; Peru. Citación Ayasta J, Juarez A. 2020. El género Tillandsia L. (Bro- __________________________________________________________________ meliaceae) en el departamento de Lamba- yeque, Perú. Revista peruana de biología 27(2): 189 - 204 (Mayo 2020). doi: http:// dx.doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v27i2.15718 Journal home page: http://revistasinvestigacion.unmsm.edu.pe/index.php/rpb/index © Los autores. Este artículo es publicado por la Revista Peruana de Biología de la Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Este es un artículo de acceso abierto, distribuido bajo los términos de la Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial- CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional.(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), que permite el uso no comercial, distribución y repro- ducción en cualquier medio, siempre que la obra original sea debidamente citada. Para uso comercial póngase en contacto con:revistaperuana. [email protected]. 189 Ayasta & Juarez Introducción. portan cinco especie para Lambayeque de las cualesTillandsia tres La familia Bromeliaceae de acuerdo a la clasificación son endemismos del norte de Perú. El presente trabajo de Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG IV 2016), forma constituye una ampliación de la revisión de parte del orden Poales, siendo una de las familias de realizada por Ayasta (2003), donde se describieron para- mayor riqueza dentro del orden,Bromelioideae, con alrededor Tillandsioi de 52- Lambayeque; asimismo, se presentan claves dicotómicas deaeespecies y Pitcairnoideae (The Plant List 2013). Tradicionalmente se ha para los subgéneros; luego por cada subgénero se elabo dividido en tres subfamilias, ra unaMaterial clave para y métodosseparar las especies. (Smith & Downs 1977) basándose Área de estudio.- deen Pitcairnoideaecaracteres morfológicos; sin embargo, clasificaciones- posteriores indican que de acuerdo al origen parafilético El departamento de Lambayeque, , ésta, se divide en seis subfamilias (Gi (5°28’37”S – 7°10’27”S y 80°37’24”W – 79°07’29W), Tillandsia Tilland- vnish 2007) haciendo un total de ocho subfamilias. incluye la zona de elevados endemismos de Amotape- sioideae; es el género tipo de la subfamilia Huancabamba (Weigend 2004). El relieve es variado con altitudes que van desde el nivel del mar hasta los 4060 m de distribución neotropical, con alrededorAllardtia, de - en Inkawasi-Ferreñafe. Las “tierras bajas” forman parte Anoplophytum,650 especies. InicialmenteDiaphoranthema, el género Phytarrhiza, fue dividido Pseudal por- de la gran planicie del Desierto de Sechura caracteriza cantarea,Smith y Downs Tillandsia (1977) y Pseudocatopsisen siete subgéneros ( da inicialmente por dunas litorales y vegetación halófita - - ), sin embargo, seguida luego por algarrobales y matorrales desérticos (Llatas-Quiroz et al. 1997). La llanura desertica está inte basados en posterioresAllardtia, Phytarriza,revisiones morfológicasTillandsia y rela rrumpida en algunas áreas por elevaciones que definen ciones Diaphoranthemafilogenéticas, se consideró la existencia de seis - diferentes tipos de vegetación como los tillandsiales de Pseudalcantareasubgéneros: Anoplophytum (Gardner la parte sur del departamento y el relicto de la vegeta 1986); . (Till 1992, Donadío et al. 2015), (Beaman & Judd 1996) y ción de lomas (Dillon et al. 2003, Trujillo 2013). Luego (Tardivo 2002) entre los 200 – 500 m de altitud se inician las primeras - estribacionesNeoraimondia occidentales de los Andes con vegetación- En el Perú, uno de losTillandsia primeros trabajos de revisión de macrotérmica formada por comunidades de cactáceas Bromeliaceae fue realizado por Mc Bride (1936), regis ( , principalmente). La distribución altitu trando 69 especies de .Vriesea Posteriormente, Brako- dinal de la vegetación, está influenciada por la depresión y Zarucchi (1993) reportaron 167Tillandsia especies. Grant (1993, Loxopterygiumde Huancabamba, huasango permitiendo y Bursera la aparicióngraveolens de bosques- 2004) luego de revisar el género transfirieron al estacionalmente secos, con formaciones abiertas de gunas especies deTillandsia este género a . Tambien, Ulloa y otros ár Ulloa et al. (2004) y Rodríguez et al. (2006) adicionan boles premontanos entre los 500 a 1000 m; asimismo la Tillandsia - - otras especies de para la flora peruana. formación de un bosque perennifolio húmedo hasta los 3100 m (Llatas-Quiroz y López-Mesones, 2005) por en En el Perú se reconocen 62 especies de en- démicas (León et al. 2006b), depositadas en diferentes cima de este, el graminétum altoandino o “jalca”, que se alterna con arbustos achaparrados (distrito de Inkawasi- herbarios, pero el estado de sus poblaciones es desco- Ferreñafe).Metodología.- - nocido. De estas especies endémicas se reportan en el- Tillandsia presente trabajo algunas, consideradas hasta el momen Se realizó una revisión de las colec to endemismos de otras regiones peruanas. Son nume ciones de del departamento de Lambayeque, rosos también losTillandsia inventarios florísticos del norte del depositadas en los herbarios de la Universidad Nacional- Perú, donde se hacen mención a las Bromeliáceas y en- Pedro Ruiz Gallo (PRG), Herbarium Truxillense (HUT), especial al género , muchas de ellas endémicas Herbario Antenor Orrego (HAO), Herbario de la Univer de los andes norperuanos; principalmente en los depar sidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (USM), así como en tamentos de La Libertad (Leiva et al. 2014, Rodríguez et catálogos virtuales y bases de datos del Field Museum- al. 2015) y Cajamarca (Dillon 1993, Juárez et al. 2005, [http://fm1.fieldmuseum org/vrrc/], Missouri Botanical Ti- Santa Cruz 2011). Garden [http://www. tropicos.org/] y el Digital speci llandsia - Para el departamento de Lambayeque, el género men images at the Herbarium Berolinense [http://ww2. ha sido reportado principalmente en listados bgbm.org/herbarium/]. Los lugares de colección corres florísticos, donde son mencionadas algunas especies ponden mayormente a ecosistemas de bosque seco de como las de la formación Tillandsial del Cerro Reque colina, así como también a bosque húmedo y formación y que acompañan a la vegetación de lomas del mismo tillandsial y pocas especies pertenecientes a la formación de Jalca; las cuales fueron georeferenciadas en lo posible, (Llatas-Quiroz et al. 1997,Tillandsia Dillon rauhii et al. 2011). También- - se conocen los estudios de Rauh (1991), quien describió de manera aproximada, debido a la falta de coordenadas en la mayoría de los casos. Los sitios de colecta más fre una nueva variedad de en el valle Chan- cuentes, se presentan en la Figura 1 y Tabla 1. Tillandsia cay-Lambayeque; por otro lado Brako y Zarucchi (1993) - mencionaron ocho especies para Lambayeque, la mayo La clasificación inicial de los subgéneros de - ría distribuidasTillandsia en zonas áridas entre los 500 y 2500 m.- se realizó de acuerdo a Smith y Downs (1977) y la revi León y Sagástegui (2008) estudiando las especies del sión final de acuerdo a Gomes da Silva & Ferreira da Cos subgénero (inflorescencias tripinnadas), re ta (2013), el cual incluye los trabajos desarrollados para 190 Rev. peru. biol. 27(2): 190 - 053 (Mayo 2020) El género Tillandsia en el departamento de Lambayeque llandsia harmsiana - Tillandsia oroyensis cada subgénero por Gardner (1982), Till (1992), Beaman que ocupa un rango desde los 1000 a- y Judd (1996) y Tardivo (2002). Los nombres considera 3500 m; mientras otros como tienen dos para las especies están de acuerdo a The Plant List una distribución restringida (3000 m) y han sido colec (2013) y Luther (2014). tados en una sola población. Por otro lado, la mayoría de Resultados y discusión taxones ocupan el rango altitudinal entre 500 a 1000 m, Tillandsia - principalmente en Matorral desértico y Bosque
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