La Batalla De Creta
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Special Operations Executive - Wikipedia
12/23/2018 Special Operations Executive - Wikipedia Special Operations Executive The Special Operations Executive (SOE) was a British World War II Special Operations Executive organisation. It was officially formed on 22 July 1940 under Minister of Economic Warfare Hugh Dalton, from the amalgamation of three existing Active 22 July 1940 – 15 secret organisations. Its purpose was to conduct espionage, sabotage and January 1946 reconnaissance in occupied Europe (and later, also in occupied Southeast Asia) Country United against the Axis powers, and to aid local resistance movements. Kingdom Allegiance Allies One of the organisations from which SOE was created was also involved in the formation of the Auxiliary Units, a top secret "stay-behind" resistance Role Espionage; organisation, which would have been activated in the event of a German irregular warfare invasion of Britain. (especially sabotage and Few people were aware of SOE's existence. Those who were part of it or liaised raiding operations); with it are sometimes referred to as the "Baker Street Irregulars", after the special location of its London headquarters. It was also known as "Churchill's Secret reconnaissance. Army" or the "Ministry of Ungentlemanly Warfare". Its various branches, and Size Approximately sometimes the organisation as a whole, were concealed for security purposes 13,000 behind names such as the "Joint Technical Board" or the "Inter-Service Nickname(s) The Baker Street Research Bureau", or fictitious branches of the Air Ministry, Admiralty or War Irregulars Office. Churchill's Secret SOE operated in all territories occupied or attacked by the Axis forces, except Army where demarcation lines were agreed with Britain's principal Allies (the United Ministry of States and the Soviet Union). -
Tom Barnes' Greek Archive, 1942–45
Archived at the Flinders Academic Commons: http://dspace.flinders.edu.au/dspace/ This is the published version of the following article: Barnes, K 2019, 'Gorgopotamos and after: Tom Barnes' Greek archive 1942-45', Journal of Modern Greek Studies (Australia and New Zealand) — Special Issue, pp. 163-185. Reproduced with permission of the publisher. © 2019 the author. Gorgopotamos and After: Tom Barnes’ Gree Are, 42–45 Katherine Barnes Cecil dward (Tom) arnes took part in the famous sabotage operation of the Gorgopotamos Bridge in November 1942 as leader of the demolition party. Remaining in Greece after the attack, he rose to become one of two Area Commanders for the Allied Military Mission in Greece. The archive he left behind at his death in 1952 includes over 1000 photos, war diaries, letters and reports, mainly relating to his experiences in Greece. This study demonstrates how these eye-witness records illuminate important aspects of these critical years in modern Greek history including the Gorgopotamos operation itself and the trek across Greece which followed, the “Animals” operation which was conducted to convince Hitler that the Allied landings would take place in Greece and distract his attention from Sicily, surrender overtures from the German commander in pirus General Hubert von Lanz), and the so-called first two rounds of Civil War in 1943 and 1944. ntrodton When Captain later Lieutenant-Colonel) “Tom” arnes was parachuted into Greece in late 194 at the age of 35 as one of three engineers for a Special Operations xecutive (SO mission against the German and Italian occupying forces, he had with him several small notebooks. -
The Rise and Fall of the 5/42 Regiment of Evzones: a Study on National Resistance and Civil War in Greece 1941-1944
The Rise and Fall of the 5/42 Regiment of Evzones: A Study on National Resistance and Civil War in Greece 1941-1944 ARGYRIOS MAMARELIS Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy The European Institute London School of Economics and Political Science 2003 i UMI Number: U613346 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U613346 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 9995 / 0/ -hoZ2 d X Abstract This thesis addresses a neglected dimension of Greece under German and Italian occupation and on the eve of civil war. Its contribution to the historiography of the period stems from the fact that it constitutes the first academic study of the third largest resistance organisation in Greece, the 5/42 regiment of evzones. The study of this national resistance organisation can thus extend our knowledge of the Greek resistance effort, the political relations between the main resistance groups, the conditions that led to the civil war and the domestic relevance of British policies. -
Christians and Jews Hand in Hand Against the Occupiers Resistance
DIDACTIC UNIT 1 Christians and Jews hand in hand against the Occupiers Resistance 28th Lyceum of Thessaloniki, Greece 2014-2017 Christians and Jews hand in hand against the Occupiers Resistance 28th Lyceum of Thessaloniki, Greece Table of contents INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................... 2 BIOGRAPHY RATIONALE ........................................................................................................................... 22 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ...................................................................................................................... 23 From the Declaration of war (October 1940) to the liberation of Greece (October 1944) ................. 23 The living conditions during the occupation of Greece ....................................................................... 24 Spontaneous acts of resistance, emergence and activity of numerous resistance groups ................. 26 The engineering unit of ELAS in Olympus and the sabotage acts to the trains and the railway tracks .............................................................................................................................................................. 27 The Jewish community of Thessaloniki and its fate ............................................................................. 28 BIOGRAPHY .............................................................................................................................................. -
Dodecanese Campaign from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history Dodecanese Campaign From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Dodecanese Campaign of World War II was an attempt by Allied forces, mostly Navigation Dodecanese Campaign British, to capture the Italian-held Dodecanese islands in the Aegean Sea following the Part of the Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of Main page surrender of Italy in September 1943, and use them as bases against the German- World War II Contents controlled Balkans. The Allied effort failed, with the whole of the Dodecanese falling to Featured content the Germans within two months, and the Allies suffering heavy losses in men and Current events ships.[3] The operations in the Dodecanese, lasting from 8 September to 22 November Random article 1943, resulted in one of the last major German victories in the war.[4] Donate to Wikipedia Contents 1 Background Interaction 2 Initial Allied and German moves — The Fall of Rhodes Help 3 Battle of Kos About Wikipedia 4 Battle of Leros Community portal 5 Naval operations Recent changes 6 Aftermath Map of the Dodecanese Islands (in dark blue) Contact Wikipedia 7 In popular culture Date September 8 – November 22, 1943 8 References Location Dodecanese Islands, Aegean Sea Toolbox 9 Sources 10 External links Result German victory What links here Territorial German occupation of the Dodecanese Related changes changes Background [edit] Upload file Belligerents Special pages Further information: Military history of Greece during World War United Kingdom Germany Permanent link II and Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II Kingdom of Italy Republican State of Page information South Africa Italy The Dodecanese island group lies in the south-eastern Aegean Sea, and had been Data item Greece under Italian occupation since the Italo-Turkish War. -
British Perfidy in Greece: a Story Worth Remembering - Ed Vulliamy and Helena Smith
British perfidy in Greece: a story worth remembering - Ed Vulliamy and Helena Smith An account of the time in 1944 when the British Army, at war with Germany switched their allegiance, opening fire upon – and arming Greek collaborators with the Nazis to fire upon – a civilian crowd in Syntagma Square. “I can still see it very clearly, I have not forgotten,” says Titos Patrikios; “the police firing on the crowd from the roof of the parliament at the top of Syntagma Square in Athens. The young men and women lying in pools of blood, everyone rushing down the stairs in total shock, total panic.” And then came the defining moment: the recklessness of jeunesse, the passion of belief in a justice burning bright: “I jumped up on the fountain in the middle of the square, the one that is still there, and I began to shout: “Comrades, don’t disperse! Victory will be ours! Don’t leave. The time has come. We will win!” “I was,” he says now, “absolutely sure, profoundly sure, that we were going to win”. But there was no winning that day; just as there was no pretending that what had happened would not change the history of a country that, liberated from Adolf Hitler’s Reich barely six weeks earlier, was now surging headlong towards bloody civil war. Seventy years may have passed but time has not diminished how Titos Patrikios felt that day. Nor has it dented his recollection of events. Even now, at 86, when he “laughs at and with myself that I have reached such an age”, the poet can remember, scene-for-scene, shot for shot, what happened on the central square of Greek political life, on the morning of December 3, 1944. -
The Dawn of Amateur Radio in the U.K. and Greece : a Personal View
The dawn of amateur radio in the U.K. and Greece : a personal view Norman F. Joly. London : Joly, 1990. - 151p. - 0-9515628-0-0 C O N T E N T S 0. PROLOGUE............................. 1. THE DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRICITY....... 2. THE BIRTH OF RADIO COMMUNICATIONS.... 3. WHAT IS A RADIO AMATEUR?............. 4. THE 1921 AMATEUR TRANSATLANTIC TESTS. 5. THE FIRST GREEK RADIO AMATEURS....... 6. WORLD WAR II AND AFTER IN GREECE..... 7. PIONEERS IN GREECE................... 8. PERSONAL REMINISCENCES & ANECDOTES... 9. MISCELLANY........................... 10. GLOSSARY FOR NON-TECHNICAL READERS... Prologue Thales of Miletus. Thales, who was born in 640 B.C., was a man of exceptional wisdom and one of the Seven Sages of Ancient Greece. He was the father of Greek, and consequently of European philosophy and science. His speculations embraced a wide range of subjects relating to political as well as to celestial matters. One must remember that even up to the 18th century there was no clear distinction between philosophy and science, both being products of the human mind in its attempts to explain reality. Thales had studied astronomy in Egypt so he was able to draw up accurate tables forecasting when the River Nile would be in flood. But he first became widely known by anticipating an eclipse of the sun for May 585 B.C., which happened to coincide with the final battle of the war between the Lydians and the Persians. He had used some tables drawn up by Babylonian astronomers, but he did not succeed in forecasting the exact day (May 28th) or the hour of the spectacular event. -
Politics of Forgetting: New Zealand-Greek Wartime Relationship
Politics of Forgetting: New Zealand-Greek Wartime Relationship Martyn Brown Bachelor of Arts Graduate Diploma Library Science Graduate Diploma Information Technology Post-Graduate Diploma Business Research Master of Arts (Research) A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2014 School of History Philosophy Religion and Classics Abstract In extant New Zealand literature and national public commemoration, the New Zealand experience of wartime Greece largely focuses on the Battle of Crete in May 1941 and, to a lesser extent, on the failed earlier mainland campaign. At a politico-military level, the ill-fated Greek venture and the loss of Crete hold centre stage in the discourse. In terms of commemoration, the Battle of Crete dominates as an iconic episode in the national history of New Zealand. As far as the Greeks are concerned, New Zealand elevates and embraces Greek civilians to the point where they overshadow the Greek military. The New Zealand drive to place the Battle of Crete as supporting its national self-imagining has been achieved, but what has been forgotten in the process? The wartime connection between the Pacific nation and Greece lasted for the remainder of the international conflict and was highly complex and sometimes violent. In occupied Greece and Crete, as well as in the Middle East, North Africa and Italy, New Zealand forces had to interact with a divided Greek nation that had been experiencing ongoing political turmoil and intermittent civil conflict. Individual New Zealanders found themselves acting as liaison officers with competing partisan groups. Greek military units with a history of mutiny and political intrigue were affiliated with the main New Zealand fighting force, the Second New Zealand Division. -
The Other Face of History
The Other Face of History By Stoian Kochov (Translated from Macedonian to English and edited by Risto Stefov) The Other Face of History Published by: Risto Stefov Publications [email protected] Toronto, Canada All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without written consent from the author, except for the inclusion of brief and documented quotations in a review. Copyright 2013 by Stoian Kochov & Risto Stefov e-Book Format July 18, 2013 2 INDEX Introduction..................................................................................................5 I – The Other Face of History....................................................................13 1.0 For years the Macedonian people have been unwitting accomplices and victims of fatal ideological foreign strategies............................................13 2.0 TRUTHS AND CONTROVERSIES ABOUT THE GREEK CIVIL WAR (1945-1949).....................................................................................40 3.0 BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GREEK CIVIL WAR (1946 - 1949)..........................................................................................................99 II - Chronicles (27) from the hell of war – Review of military-political Balkan historical chronicles (1940-1950)................................................123 4.0 - Yugoslav Balkan strategy................................................................123 -
DEPARTMENT of HISTORY FACULTY of ARTS UNIVERSITY of GLASGOW FEBRUARY 2003 I
THE ROLE OF BRITAIN IN GREEK POLITICS AND MILITARY OPERATIONS: 1947-1952 ELEFTHERIA DELAPORTA PhD THESIS SUBMISSION DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY FACULTY OF ARTS UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW FEBRUARY 2003 i Abstract This thesis examines Anglo-Greek relations during 1947-1952; the era of the Greek civil war from the British announcementto withdraw aid from Greeceuntil the end of the civil war and Greece'sentry into NATO. A comprehensivetreatment of the crisis of the civil war focuseson British imperial defence, the politics and society of Greeceand bilateral relations as formulatedby Cold War needs.During the rift between the Rigbt and the Left in Greece, the main issue addressedby this work is the continuation of British influence in Greek affairs and the extensionof British interestin bolstering the a nti-Communist fight of the Greek government. In 1947 Britain, being itself on the verge of economic collapse, opted to discontinue financial support to the Greekright-wing government,which boostedthe enunciationof the Truman Doctrine in March 1947. In t he w ake ofA merican i nterferenceinG reece,A nglo-Greekr elations remainedclose and intense,as the Greek governmentsmaintained their trust in the British. For the British, Greeceremained a destitute country, in need of assistanceto defeatthe communists. This study emphasisesthe diplomatic and military co-operation between the British, the Americanand the Greekgovernments in trying to defeatthe communist forces, while attention is given to the policy and aims of the Greek Communist Party. The communistattempts to take over power along with the policies of the Greek governmentsand their allies are examined, with particular emphasis on the counterinsurgencyoperations of the Greek government developed from 1947 until the final defeat of the communist forces in 1949. -
1 Anglo-Greek Attitudes: an Introduction
Notes 1 Anglo-Greek Attitudes: an Introduction 1. An even more striking visual image of this troubled relationship is afforded by the triptych of photographs taken by Dimitri Kessel, the Time-Life photographer, of British troops bivouacked in the Acropolis Museum during the December 1944 fighting and pictured resting their weaponry on the archaic statuary, Ellada tou ’44, (Athens, 1994), p. 176. 2. The Permanent Under Secretary at the Foreign Office, Sir Alexander Cadogan, and Churchill’s assistant private secretary, John Colville, both testified to the degree to which during December 1944 Churchill’s atten- tion was focused on the Greek crisis, more or less to the exclusion of all else, despite the critical state of the war elsewhere in Europe, David Dilks, ed., The Diaries of Sir Alexander Cadogan, O.M. 1938–1945 (London, 1971), p. 688 and J.W. Wheeler-Bennett, ed., Action this Day, (London, 1968), pp. 51–2. On Churchill’s consuming interest in Greek affairs during the Second World War, see Thanasis D. Sfikas, ‘“The people at the top can do these things which others can’t do”: Winston Churchill and the Greeks, 1940–45’, Journal of Contemporary History, XXVI (1991), pp. 307–31. 3. Public Record Office FO 371/29817, R9591. 4. Churchill had offered membership of the Commonwealth to the French at the time of the fall of France. 5. FO 371/58678 R 3496, quoted in Heinz Richter, British Intervention in Greece: from Varkiza to Civil War: February 1945 to August 1946 (London, 1986), pp. 423–5. 6. The complex history of Greece under German occupation is elucidated in John Hondros, Occupation and Resistance: the Greek Agony 1941–1944 (London, 1983); Mark Mazower, Inside Hitler’s Greece: the Experience of Occupation, 1941–1944 (London, 1993); Procopis Papastratis, British Policy towards Greece during the Second World War 1941–1944 (Cambridge, 1984) and C.M. -
Greek Journeys and Philosophical Reflections Reflections
MMOODDEERRNN GGRREEEEKK SSTUTUDDIIEESS AASSSSOOCCIIAATTIIOONN OOFF AAUUSSTTRRAALLIIAA AANNDD NNEEWW ZZEEAALLAANNDD Greek Greek JourneysJourneys andand PhilosophicalPhilosophical ReflectionsReflections SPECIALSPECIAL ISSUEISSUE OFOF MODERNMODERN GREEKGREEK STUDIESSTUDIES (AUSTR(AUSTRAALIALIA ANDAND NEWNEW ZEALAND)ZEALAND) EDITORS:EDITORS: MICHAELMICHAEL TSIANIKASTSIANIKAS ∙∙ GEORGEGEORGE COUVALISCOUVALIS ∙∙ MARIAMARIA PALAKTSOGLOUPALAKTSOGLOU printed using 100% solar power. created2print.com AdelaideAdelaide 20192019 Greek Journeys and Philosophical Reflections Greek Journeys and Philosophical Reflections SPECIAL ISSUE OF MODERN GREEK STUDIES (AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND) Edited by: Michael Tsianikas George Couvalis Maria Palaktsoglou Modern Greek Studies Association of Australia and New Zealand Adelaide 2019 Series: Journal of Modern Greek Studies (Australia and New Zealand) — Special Issue Title: Greek Journeys and Philosophical Reflections Edited by: Michael Tsianikas, George Couvalis, Maria Palaktsoglou The contributions in this special issue on Greek Journeys and Philosophical Reflections, are all refereed through the standard process of blind peer reviewing. The journal is a DEST recognised publication. ISSN: 1039-2831 Published: Adelaide, 2019 All correspondence to: Department of Language Studies – Modern Greek Flinders University GPO Box 2100 ADELAIDE SA 5001 AUSTRALIA CRICOS Provider Number: 00114A Cover Image: “Hydra”, painted by Maria Loizidou, 1978 Photo: Antonios Litinas Cover Design: Irene Belperio Typesetting: Irene Belperio