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Nodes Relacionals En El Model Second Life: Producció I Singularitat

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Nodes Relacionals En El Model Second Life: Producció I Singularitat NODES RELACIONALS EN EL MODEL SECOND LIFE. PRODUCCIÓ I SINGULARITAT David SERRA NAVARRO Dipòsit legal: GI. 1177-2012 http://hdl.handle.net/10803/83498 Nodes relacionals en el model Second Life. Producció i singularitat is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. UNIVERSITAT DE GIRONA TESI DOCTORAL Nodes relacionals en el model Second Life: Producció i singularitat David Serra Navarro 2012 Programa de Doctorat: Cultura i Societat a l'Europa Mediterrània Departament de Filologia i Comunicació Dirigida per: Àngel Quintana Morraja Jordi Xifra Triadú A tots els avatars que persisteixen A tots els humans que persisteixen 3 Sumari Pàg. Resum........................................................................................ 7 1. INTRODUCCIÓ................................................................ 9 1.1. La xarxa com a context.................................................... 9 1.2. Espai virtual a la xarxa .................................................... 13 1.3. Aproximació a Second Life................................................ 19 1.4. Aproximació a l'experiència de l'usuari......................... 24 2. REALITAT VIRTUAL 33 2.1. Abordar la Realitat Virtual (RV)..................................... 33 2.2. Consideracions sobre la tecnologia de la RV................ 47 2.3. Sistemes de RV.................................................................. 50 2.4. Tecnologia de la RV.......................................................... 54 3. MONS VIRTUALS 55 3.1. Precedents a través de la indústria del videojoc........... 55 3.2. Aparició de Second Life: sinergies.................................... 67 3.2.1. La primera Guerra..................................................... 71 3.2.2. L'avalot del te de Boston.......................................... 75 3.2.3. La declaració de la independència.......................... 78 3.2.4. Copybot, l'amenaça del terrorisme i el Web 2.0... 80 3..2.5. Focus d'interès en els principis econòmics.......... 83 4. JOC TRASLLADAT AL MEDI VIRTUAL.................. 91 4.1. Aproximacions de «joc» a SL......................................... 91 4.2. Relació entre el videojoc i el metavers........................... 100 4.3. L'espai a través dels videojocs........................................ 103 4.4. Narratologia o ludologia?................................................ 106 4.5. El joc interpretat a partir de l'experiència estètica....... 114 4.6. Producció i deriva............................................................. 125 4.7. Nova gramàtica?............................................................... 128 5. PRODUCCIÓ..................................................................... 135 5.1. Incògnites de la deriva cultural...................................... 135 5.2. Hipertext: via de comunicació....................................... 144 5 5.3. Circulació de coneixement.............................................. 152 5.4. Interfície i deriva: situacionisme..................................... 165 6. CANALS 170 6.1. Sexe com enllaç simbòlic................................................. 170 6.2. Cos: objecte relacional..................................................... 176 6.3. Objecte queered.................................................................. 179 6.4. Superfície queered............................................................... 184 7. POSICIONAMENTS DAVANT INTERFÍCIE.......... 190 7.1. Usuari-màquina................................................................. 190 7.2. L'illa: superfície metafòrica............................................. 193 7.3. Cursor i interfície.............................................................. 202 7.4. La interfície com a utopia................................................ 206 8. PRAXIS ARTÍSTIQUES A SECOND LIFE............... 210 8.1. Machinima........................................................................... 213 8.2. Hyperformalism.................................................................... 219 8.3. Code Performance................................................................. 224 8.4. Projectes diversificats....................................................... 229 9. DESPLEGAMENT D'ACCIONS.................................. 233 9.1. Consum.............................................................................. 234 9.2. Mash-up, recombinant coneixement............................... 239 9.3. Prosumer.............................................................................. 241 9.4. Subversió............................................................................ 245 9.5. Ritus.................................................................................... 253 9.6. Influència del codi............................................................ 259 10. CONCLUSIONS.............................................................. 265 10.1. Second Life, focus d'interès inicial.................................. 266 10.2. Second Life, producció social.......................................... 269 10.3. Corporeïtat i interfície................................................... 271 10.4. Praxis................................................................................ 273 10.5. Superposició de nodes................................................... 275 10.6. Convergència................................................................... 277 BIBLIOGRAFIA.................................................................... 278-317 6 Resum Els mons virtuals constitueixen un nou espai d'exploració en el que s'hi generen noves formes de comunicació, producció i consum. La presència d'aquestes plataformes, fonamentades en la interacció social, esdevenen un focus d'investigació per a futures aplicacions socials, educatives i/o econòmiques, però també són un reflex en temps real d'una realitat cultural en línia. En la diversitat de propostes existents, l'interès d'aquesta recerca queda emmarcat en la singularitat del metavers Second Life. Mitjançant una perspectiva transversal, en la que diferents nodes conceptuals s'interseccionen, s'han seleccionat les principals característiques socioculturals que nodreixen aquest ecosistema virtual; alhora s'ha establert un radi d'acció simbòlic i productiu dels seus usuaris, amb la finalitat de delimitar i comprendre el seu creixement natural, així com destacar-ne els seus trets específics. L'enteniment d'aquest medi, pot acostar-nos a plantejar nous reptes i entorns virtuals alternatius en un disseny que tingui en compte l'espectre cultural de la comunitat que l'habita. Abstract The virtual worlds constitute a new space for exploration in which new forms of communication, production and consumption are generated. The presence of these platforms, based on social interaction, is becoming a focus of research for future social, educational and/or economic applications, but it is also a reflection in real time of an online cultural reality. In the diversity of the existing scenarios, the interest of this research is framed in the uniqueness of the Second Life metaverse. By means of a transverse perspective, in which the different conceptual nodes intersect, the principal sociocultural characteristics which nourish this virtual ecosystem have been selected. Meanwhile, a radius of symbolic and productive action by its users has been established, with the aim of defining and understanding its natural growth and of highlighting its specific features. Understanding this medium may lead us to consider new challenges and alternative virtual environments in a design which takes into account the cultural spectrum of the community that inhabits it. 7 1. Introducció 1.1 La xarxa com a context La revolució social dels últims temps va directament associada a l'arribada d'Internet, el naixement d'una utopia comunicativa on els continguts circulen amb gran eficàcia i instantaneïtat, alhora que per primera vegada el receptor pot convertir-se en emissor. Aquest esdeveniment, en contínua construcció, suposa un xoc social que caldrà calibrar; com ens apunta Paul Virilio, referint-se a aquesta nova societat de la velocitat: «El gran evento que amenaza para el siglo XXI en conexión con esta velocidad absoluta es la invención de una perspectiva de tiempo real, que suplantará a la perspectiva del espacio real que fue inventada por los artistas italianos del Quattrocento. Todavía no ha sido suficientemente enfatizada con cuanta profundidad, la ciudad, la política, la guerra y la economía del mundo medieval fueron revolucionadas por la invención de la perspectiva»1. La xarxa, la protagonista doncs, possibilita un canal que promou en els seus missatges noves narratives comunicatives i un canal que tendeix a la democratització de la informació. Observem com les característiques específiques del mitjà són les que també el transformen, en una cursa evolutiva on no només la tecnologia avança, sinó que configura un binomi juntament amb la societat. Davant la multiplicitat de formes de comunicació s'ha perfilat un nou individu que, cooperatiu i solidari2, ha esdevingut un punt d'inflexió a tots els nivells; ja sigui culturalment, econòmicament o inevitablement socialment. Un dels factors més representatius d'aquest nou rumb social se centra en el desenvolupament d'un coneixement participatiu i una diversitat de comunitats que de manera especialitzada s'autonodreixen. Cal pensar, doncs, que aquest primer «individu 2.0» ha trobat el seu espai idoni a la xarxa per bescanviar informació amb sistemes
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