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Is the Biochar Produced by an Anila Stove Likely to Be a Beneficial Soil Additive?

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Is the Biochar Produced by an Anila Stove Likely to Be a Beneficial Soil Additive? )≥ ¥®• ¢©Ø£®°≤ ∞≤اµ£•§ ¢π °Æ !Æ©¨° ≥¥Ø∂• ¨©´•¨π ¥Ø ¢• ° ¢•Æ•¶©£©°¨ ≥Ø©¨ °§§©¥©∂• w L a{ ! 9 9 { / ! Ç W !!" ÜY.w/ í' t) * Richard Iliffe œ MSc Advanced Environmental and Energy Studies 1 L + ) + ! ' + + , W w L a{ ! 9 9 { / ! Ç t ÜY . w / í ! " ! # $ " "% & $ Ç & ! ! " & ( ) ! ÜY . w / ---+' Richard Iliffe œ MSc Advanced Environmental and Energy Studies 2 . !+ Y - . ) )I Ç ! $ + & & , && # ," $ " & . ! ! & ",! & , & + " $ " & !!$ Ç ! " ! ! ! " & && & ! " ! " ! & ! " Ç I# !$ ! ! & " $ & ! ! ! + ! !&& . & $ / ! ! & " & Ç ! & + + ! $ " ! ! & ! Ç I $ ! " (I 00,1) ! & !$ (231,114 5{ ) " # ! " Ç I !$! " , , " & & I Ç ! & " $ ! 172 ! $ ! ! ". + & " ! ! & ! ! " " & ! ! & ! + ! 82 ! & ! # " ! $ , $ ! $ " & && & ! # " $ " & ! $ # & .. L L # $ " !+! (/h ) # &+ !# " " && $ && ! t # & # " ! /h & + . $ # " ; ! # $ " ! /h " " ! & ! í # # ! " & + ! # ! ! ",! ! 1# # " . " " " ! /h . $ & /h & ! & & , $ & & 5 # " ; " + ! " & & & ! ! ! Ç & " (D # 1) ! ! & & ! > ([ # 0) $ " " ! & " , " # 1 Charcoal, biochar and char are different names used to describe the same substance, depending on its end use; the term biochar was coined by Dr Peter Read of Massey University, (New Zealand) in attempt to differentiate it thusly. The terms charcoal and char imply use as a fuel, whereas biochar implies an application to soil. Richard Iliffe œ MSc Advanced Environmental and Energy Studies 3 ! $ ! $ ! " !! # !! ! " & & /h ! Ç ! + + ! & ! " " & $ " / & ! $ & (& ! ) $ ! " & " # !&& && & Ç & & & $ "# " $ ! $ & ! ! t & ! $ & !&& & " ! @ (IÇÇ)# ! # # ! ! # ! # & ! > ! Ç $ " " ! " & ! ; " & & ! . $ # & & $ " ! !&& " . " $ $ (Y A { # 1B2. a A !" # 12. ! # )# $ && & Ç & $ # $ "$ " !! ! ! " & + " $ " " # ! $ .. t { Ç & ! " ! ! & " & ( $ " ) , ! & !!$ ",! t $ + & # " ! ! &!# ! && ! $ ! $ ! t $ " $ ! , ! # ", ! # ! ! $ { " ! " ! & & # ! ! & ! ! & ! $ " $ ! D " & L ! & " $ " && $ $ # # ! ! & ! " ! " & + ! Ç & $ $ " ! ! 17 ! ! !# " " , & , " ! ! " $ Ç " $ 0# " " & " " $ ! $ ! $ . & $ # ! $ " ! & $ & ! & $ ! ! " / " & ! " ! " ! & $ ! # ! $ " ! & # " & Ç + & . & & " !! ! $ & # && & " ! " C # & ! " ! $ ( @ ! ", ! ) ! " !&& & ! , 2 Examples include sewage and municipal solid waste treatment, papermill waste and animal manures 3 No information exists in the literature concerning the invention date of biochar-producing stoves. Dr T.Reed invented micro-gasification stoves using a similar principle in 1985, but ash - rather than biochar - is the by-product. Richard Iliffe œ MSc Advanced Environmental and Energy Studies 4 $ % & & ! ! & " ! ! ! & , $ " ; ! !! " Ç ! $ # $ ! " t& Üb w $ " + & $ & " " "% + # & "! & Ç " ! " & $ " ! " & $ " ; " ! " ! & " $! ! Ç ! Ç & ! ! ! & ! !$ & " ! & ", ! & ! ! $ I !! & ; ! ", ! # " ; ! " & ! $ # $ ! ! & & ! ! Ç ! ! $ ! & & ( & 1)# !! & " & ! ! " ! " " Ç $ ! & ! ! 1. " ! ! " ! $ $ # ! ! & . ! $ $ " $! ! " C D ! & $ " L C .1 [+ ! - ) ) Burnspace Cool air is heated and rises, drawing air through the ventilation cone. Air provides oxygen that Biomass Jacket fuels the combustion of firewood Ventilation Cone Combusting firewood drives pyrolysis of biomass in jacket. Gases released during Removable Bottom pyrolysis of biomass pass out into the Plate burnspace and are combusted Bottom Plate Clamp (Legs) Cool air enters burnspace but cannot enter the biomass jacket, preserving low oxygen conditions for pyrolysis 3 a Ç $ & ! ! $ ! ( ! $ !) && " & . ! & " "% " ! ! " ! Ç # & # Richard Iliffe œ MSc Advanced Environmental and Energy Studies 5 !! & & ! $ ! " ! ÜY & # ! ! ! , & " !# & # $ D$ # ! & & " ! " ! ! " ! $ ! & && " ! 3. / Ç " ! & " & ! " & " & & (23# [ A W ) L & !&& & " " ! & " / " $ ; ! Ç ! & " ! ! ! & " ! $ t $ " ! & ! & " & @ & # " ! # ! $ " ! # + # & ! " (D # . [ # 0. 3# Y 2. [ # 4) Ç+ .1 Ç + )) + ) + 4 . t) Ç 4 [ a $ " !í/ ! ! í ! Gt (!í/) & & . { (ÜY) + $ " . /9/ & & " " ! ! a ! ! & / 9+ / (/9/) (/ 142) /9/. + ! (14 ) b ! ! /9/ & . & . ! ! ! . { $! & ! ! ; ! ! a ! " Ç ( ; !+ ! " .9Ç {& ! & " {& ; (. # " + !). 9 ! Ç # 10B) w ; ! ! $ " ; b ! ! & ( {& { / t & "$ ) ! " & " 1# & & $> & ! # " ! " " ; $ D # ! # " $ $ ! ! w # & & I ! " /9/# " ! IJ $ & ! # " & 3 /9/ ( ! & " ) 4 Consider if a equally high surface area biochars are introduced into a sandy soil (which has low nutrient retention) and one biochar possesses high CEC the other low. The high CEC biochar is very likely to have a beneficial effect on plant growth but the low CEC will likely not, a fact overlooked by surface area measurements. Richard Iliffe œ MSc Advanced Environmental and Energy Studies 6 " " , .
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