DOCSLIB.ORG

Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and the Host Paradox in Stored-Product Insects

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and the Host Paradox in Stored-Product Insects 314 Florida Entomologist 88(3) September 2005 INFESTATION OF STORED SAW PALMETTO BERRIES BY CADRA CAUTELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) AND THE HOST PARADOX IN STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS R. T. ARBOGAST1, S. R. CHINI1 AND P. E. KENDRA2 1Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, ARS, USDA, P. O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 2Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, ARS, USDA, 13601 Old Cutler Road, Miami, FL 33158 ABSTRACT The almond moth, Cadra cautella (Walker), is a common storage pest known to infest a wide range of dried plant materials, and it has been recorded from a warehouse in Florida during storage of dried passion-flower (Passiflora incarnata L.) and dried saw palmetto berries Ser- enoa repens (Bartram) Small. Its status as a pest of stored saw palmetto was confirmed by trapping in a second warehouse used solely for storage of this commodity. The moth occurred in high numbers, captures were closely associated with stacks of bagged berries, and trap catch was very low after the stacks were consolidated under a tarp and fumigated. Yet the results of laboratory rearing on saw palmetto suggested that C. cautella has little ability to infest this commodity—development was protracted and highly variable in duration, mor- tality was high, and pupal weight was low. This sort of contradiction in host suitability, which we refer to as the “host paradox,” may be widespread among stored-product insects but has seldom been reported and almost never studied. Published reports suggest that the solution lies partly in dietary supplementation through fungivorous, saprophagous, or car- nivorous feeding, although more subtle factors also are suggested. Even cursory observa- tions of the host paradox should be reported to document frequency of occurrence and perhaps stimulate studies directed toward solutions. Such studies would inevitably provide better understanding of population dynamics, which would, in turn, lend support to better management of insects in commercial storage situations. Key Words: development, saw palmetto, stored-product insects, almond moth RESUMEN La polilla de la almendra, Cadra cautella (Walker), es una plaga común de almacén que es co- nocida por infestar un amplio rango de material de plantas secas, y ha sido registrada de una bodega en Florida durante el almacimiento de la flor seca de maracuya (Passiflora incarnata L.) y las moras secas del palmito Serenoa repens (Bartram) Small. Su estado como una plaga del palmito fue confirmado por medio de trampas puestas en una segunda bodega usadas so- lamente para el almacimiento de esta material. La polilla ocurre en altos numeros, las cap- turadas fueron asociadas estrechamente con los apilados de moras embolsadas y el número de polillas capturadas en trampas fue muy bajo después de que los estantes fueron cubiertos bajo una tarpa y fumigados. Aún así los resultos de criar la polilla sobre el palmito en el la- boratorio sugiere que C. cautella tiene poca abilidad de infestar este material—el desarrollo fue prolongado y altamente variable en duración, la mortalidad fue alta, y el peso de la pupa fue muy bajo. Esta clase de contradicción en el mantenimiento desarrollo sobre el hospedero, lo cual referimos como la “paradoja del hospedero”, puede ser ampliamente distribuida entre los insectos de productos almacenados pero raramente ha sida reportada y casi nunca estu- diada. Los informes publicados sugieron que la solución consiste parcialmente en la suple- mentación de dieta por medio de la alimentación fungivora, saprofaga, o carnivora, aunque se sugiere que hay unos factores mas sutiles. Las observaciones precipitadas de la “paradoja del hospedero deben ser reportadas para documentar la frecuencia de ocurrencia y tal vez con ello estimular estudios dirigidos hacia el encuentro de soluciones. Tales estudios definitive- mente proveeran un mejor entendimento de la dinámica de la población, lo cual en cambio, dara apoyo para el mejor manejo de insectos en productos comerciales almacenados. The almond moth, Cadra cautella (Walker), is has been reported from dried passion-flower and a common, often serious pest of dried plant mate- dried saw palmetto berries (Arbogast et al. 2002). rials. It has been recorded from cereal grains and Saw palmetto, Serenoa repens (Bartram) their products, dried fruit, nuts, oilseeds, pulses, Small, is one of many plants that provide botani- and cacao (Richards & Thomson 1932), and also cals for the production of pharmaceuticals and Arbogast et al.: Infestation of Saw Palmetto Berries 315 herbal supplements. It occurs in the southeastern usually six bags high, on wooden pallets, and the coastal plain of the United States from South pallets were in turn stacked one on top of another. Carolina to Mississippi, where it is a common el- In January 2001, when we first visited the ware- ement of pine flatwoods, mesic hammocks, prai- house, most of the stacks were inside the cold ries, and scrubs (Bennett & Hicklin 1998). An ex- storage room, but there were several small stacks tract of the berries, or the ground berries them- elsewhere (Figs. 1 and 2A). The door to the cold selves, are reported to be useful in maintaining storage room was kept closed, even though the re- prostate and urinary tract well-being (Koch frigeration was no longer used. In late April, all of 2001), and they are sold for this purpose as a di- the stacks were moved and consolidated in prepa- etary supplement. The berries are harvested by ration for a commercial fumigation with phos- hand from their native habitats during late sum- phine (Fig. 2 B-C), which was done under a tarp mer and fall. They are dried to a moisture content covering the stacked bags. The fumigation began of 8-14%, bagged in burlap, and stored pending on April 27, and the warehouse was closed until shipment to end processors. During storage, they May 2. are subject to infestation by a variety of stored- We made three, 24-h trapping runs, one in Jan- product insects. uary, one in late April immediately before the fu- Arbogast et al. (2002) described the species migation, and one in early May immediately after composition and spatial distribution of an insect the fumigation. The traps were pheromone-baited population infesting a botanicals warehouse at sticky traps (SP-Locator traps with SP Minimoth Mascotte, FL, which was used alternately for pheromone dispensers, AgriSense-BCS Ltd., Pon- storage of dried saw palmetto berries and dried typridd, Mid Glamorgan, UK). Trap locations passion-flower (maypop), Passiflora incarnata L. were specified in rectangular coordinates with the Cadra cautella was the dominant species, com- origin at the southwest corner of the warehouse. prising 47% of the insect population when saw The number and configuration of trap locations palmetto was in storage. To confirm the status of (Fig. 2A-C) varied slightly. Trap density was in- C. cautella as a pest of stored saw palmetto, we creased in areas with stacked commodity, but the studied the spatial relationship between adult spacing between traps was always > 4 m, the mea- moths and stacks of bagged berries in a second sured active space of the lures (Mankin et al. warehouse used solely for storage of this commod- 1999). When trap locations were not occupied by ity. We also conducted laboratory experiments to stacks, moth traps were placed 1.2 m above the test the hypothesis that successful infestation of floor, attached by means of Velcro either to the the dried berries can be explained entirely by the walls of the warehouse or to the tops of wooden suitability of this host for growth and develop- stakes supported by stands on the floor. Other- ment of the moth. The present paper reports the wise, moth traps were placed on top of the stacked results of these studies and examines the results bags or attached to walls slightly above the in the context of host range in stored-product in- stacks. Placement of traps under these circum- sects, especially the utilization of marginal host stances was necessarily imprecise, but we esti- commodities. mated that all were within <1 m of their desig- nated coordinates. The stacks ranged in height MATERIALS AND METHODS from slightly over 1 m to about 4.5 m, and trap height varied accordingly. Warehouse Studies To determine the spatial distribution of trap catch for each trapping run, the x, y-coordinates The warehouse, located in La Belle, FL, re- of the trap positions and the corresponding num- cently had been acquired for storage of saw pal- bers of moths captured were entered in Surfer 7 metto berries and previously had been used for (Golden Software, Golden, CO) for contour analy- processing and storage of fresh peppers (green sis. This software posted observed trap catch to bell peppers, jalapeno peppers, etc.). The building the appropriate coordinates on a floor plan of the was a modern steel structure 40 m wide by 55 m warehouse, which had been entered as a base long with a covered dock along the east side map, and then created a denser grid of trap catch (Fig. 1). The only walled areas within the building values by interpolation, using radial basis func- were restrooms and a small office in one corner tions (with the multiquadric function). This and a large cold storage room in another. There method of interpolation produces good represen- were sixteen propane-fired batch driers and a belt tation of most small data sets (<250 observations) drier adjacent to the dock, which served as a work (Golden Software 1999). area during drying operations and also for stor- age of crates and bagged saw palmetto debris, Laboratory Studies which is used as mulch. In addition to saw pal- metto, the building itself contained processing Laboratory cultures of C. cautella were estab- equipment and a few pallets, crates, and burlap lished in January 2001 with adults collected from bags.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Attract-And-Kill Methods for Control of Indianmeal Moth
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by SHAREOK repository ATTRACT-AND-KILL METHODS FOR CONTROL OF INDIANMEAL MOTH, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE), AND COMPARISONS WITH OTHER PHEROMONE-BASED CONTROL METHODS By MANUEL CAMPOS-FIGUEROA Bachelor of Science in Entomology and Plant Pathology Universidad Autónoma Chapingo Chapingo, State of México, México 1996 Master of Science in Entomology Colegio de Postgraduados Montecillos, State of México, México 1999 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May, 2009 ATTRACT-AND-KILL METHODS FOR CONTROL OF INDIANMEAL MOTH, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE), AND COMPARISONS WITH OTHER PHEROMONE-BASED CONTROL METHODS Dissertation Approved: Dr. Thomas W. Phillips Dissertation Adviser Dr. Mark E. Payton Dr. Jack W. Dillwith Dr. Brad Kard Dr. A. Gordon Emslie Dean of the Graduate College ii PREFACE I want to extend my gratitude to my major advisor and mentor Dr. Thomas W. Phillips for his time and support given to me during my Ph.D. studies. Also, I appreciate Dr. Phillips for considering me part of your research team. You are an example to follow, a great scientist, a great person and always looking for a solution. I am grateful with Dr. Jack W. Dillwith for being an excellent professor and committee member. Dr. Dillwith has always been very helpful and gave me good suggestions that improved this research. Thank you for being such a great support during all this time.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 1 DNA Barcodes Reveal Deeply Neglected Diversity and Numerous
    Page 1 of 57 1 DNA barcodes reveal deeply neglected diversity and numerous invasions of micromoths in 2 Madagascar 3 4 5 Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde1,2, Lucas Sire2, Bruno Rasmussen2, Rodolphe Rougerie3, 6 Christian Wieser4, Allaoui Ahamadi Allaoui 5, Joël Minet3, Jeremy R. deWaard6, Thibaud 7 Decaëns7, David C. Lees8 8 9 1 INRA, UR633, Zoologie Forestière, F- 45075 Orléans, France. 10 2 Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte, UMR 7261 CNRS Université de Tours, UFR 11 Sciences et Techniques, Tours, France. 12 3Institut de Systématique Evolution Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 13 CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, 75005 Paris, France. 14 4 Landesmuseum für Kärnten, Abteilung Zoologie, Museumgasse 2, 9020 Klagenfurt, Austria 15 5 Department of Entomology, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar 16 6 Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E., Guelph, ON 17 N1G2W1, Canada 18 7Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS–Université de Genome Downloaded from www.nrcresearchpress.com by UNIV GUELPH on 10/03/18 19 Montpellier–Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier–EPHE), 1919 Route de Mende, F-34293 20 Montpellier, France. 21 8Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, SW7 5BD, UK. 22 23 24 Email for correspondence: [email protected] For personal use only. This Just-IN manuscript is the accepted prior to copy editing and page composition. It may differ from final official version of record. 1 Page 2 of 57 25 26 Abstract 27 Madagascar is a prime evolutionary hotspot globally, but its unique biodiversity is under threat, 28 essentially from anthropogenic disturbance.
    [Show full text]
  • ON CRYPTOBLABES GNIDIELLA and ALIENA1 (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae : Phycitinae)
    Pacific Insects 14 (2) : 433 20 August 1972 ON CRYPTOBLABES GNIDIELLA AND ALIENA1 (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae : Phycitinae) By Elwood C. Zimmerman2 In Insects of Hawaii 8 : 363, 1958, I wrote that Cryptoblabes aliena Swezey is an "Im­ migrant, but source not determined. First noticed in Hawaii by Swezey in 1905." The problem of the source of the moth in Hawaii is solved by the following synonymy and details : Cryptoblabes gnidiella (Milliere). Ephestia Gnidiella Milliere, Iconographie et Description de chenilles et LSpidopteres inSdits 2: 308, pl. 83, figs. 4-9, 1867 (sometimes wrongly cited as 1864, which is the date on the title page but which applies only to part of the work). Cryptoblabes gnidiella (Milliere) Ragonot, Monographie des Phycitinae et des Galleriinae. In: N. M. Romanoff's Memoires sur les LSpidopteres 7 : 16, 1893. Heinrich, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 207: 10, figs. 1, 132, 639, 1956. Cryptoblabes aliena Swezey, Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Assoc. Exp. Sta., Ent. Bull. 6: 24, pl. 4, figs. 4-7, 1909. Zimmerman, Insects of Hawaii 8: 360, figs. 298-300, 1958. New synonym. Cryptoblabes gnidiella was described from France, and it is now widely dispersed about the warmer parts of the world. It has been reported from Eurasia, Africa, Malaysia and America, whence it was first recorded by Dyar in 1915 (Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus 3 : 88) from specimens collected in Bermuda. My manuscript for the pyralid volume of Insects of Hawaii was mostly written before the appearance of Heinrich's 1956 monograph, and although I added various details from his publication before my book was published, the fact that Heinrich (p.
    [Show full text]
  • Efficacy of Pheromones for Managing of the Mediterranean Flour Moth
    12th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection (IWCSPP) in Berlin, Germany, October 7-11, 2018 HOSSEININAVEH, V., BANDANI, A.R., AZMAYESHFARD, P., HOSSEINKHANI, S. UND M. KAZZAZI, 2007. Digestive proteolytic and amylolytic activities in Trogoderma granarium Everts (Dermestidae: Coleoptera). J. Stored Prod. Res., 43: 515-522. ISHAAYA, I. UND R. HOROWITZ, 1995. Pyriproxyfen, a novel insect growth regulator for controlling whiteflies. Mechanism and resistance management. Pestic. Sci., 43: 227–232. ISHAAYA, I., BARAZANI, A., KONTSEDALOV, S. UND A.R. HOROWITZ, 2007. Insecticides with novel mode of action: Mechanism, selectivity and cross-resistance. Entomol. Res., 37: 148-152. IZAWA, Y., M. UCHIDA, T. SUGIMOTO AND T. ASAI, 1985. Inhibition of Chitin Biosynthesis by buprofezin analogs in relation to their activity controlling Nilaparvata lugens. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol., 24: 343-347. KLJAJIC, P. UND I. PERIC, 2007. Effectiveness of wheat-applied contact insecticide against Sitophilus granarius (L.) originating from different populations. J. Stored Prod. Res., 43: 523-529. KONNO, T., 1990. Buprofezin: A reliable IGR for the control of rice pests. Soci. Chem. Indus., 23: 212 - 214. KOSTYUKOVSKY, M. UND A. TROSTANETSKY, 2006. The effect of a new chitin synthesis inhibitor, novaluron, on various developmental stages ofTribolium castaneum (Herbst). J. Stored Prod. Res., 42: 136-148. KOSTYUKOVSKY, M., CHEN, B., ATSMI, S. UND E. SHAAYA, 2000. Biological activity of two juvenoids and two ecdysteroids against three stored product insects. Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol., 30: 891-897. LIANG, P., CUI, J.Z., YANG, X.Q. UND X.W. GAO, 2007. Effects of host plants on insecticide susceptibility and carboxylesterase activity in Bemisia tabaci biotype B and greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum.
    [Show full text]
  • Persistence of Mating Suppression of the Indian Meal Moth Plodia Interpunctella in the Presence and Absence of Commercial Mating Disruption Dispensers
    insects Article Persistence of Mating Suppression of the Indian Meal Moth Plodia interpunctella in the Presence and Absence of Commercial Mating Disruption Dispensers Leanage K. W. Wijayaratne 1 and Charles S. Burks 2,* 1 Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Puliyankulama, Anuradhapura 50000, Sri Lanka; [email protected] 2 USDA, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, 9611 South Riverbend Avenue, Parlier, CA 93648, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 16 September 2020; Accepted: 10 October 2020; Published: 14 October 2020 Simple Summary: A novel assay system was used to facilitate replicated studies examining the impact of commercial mating disruption dispensers on Plodia interpunctella. Both direct and indirect exposure to passive mating disruption dispensers for as little as 2 h suppressed mating throughout the rest of a 10 h scotophase. This is the first direct evidence that for P. interpunctella, transient exposure to commercial mating disruption dispensers is sufficient to suppress male orientation to females without re-exposure to the mating disruption dispensers. An improved understanding of mechanisms for mating disruption can improve both development of future products and how current products are used. Abstract: The Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is controlled by commercial mating disruption dispensers using passive release to emit high concentrations (relative to females or monitoring lures) of their principal sex pheromone component, (9Z,12E)-tetradecadienyl acetate. Since P. interpunctella is sexually active throughout the scotophase, an assay system was developed to determine the importance of direct interaction of the male with the dispenser, and whether exposure to mating disruption early in the night is sufficient to suppress mating throughout the night.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dietetics of the Caterpillars of Three Ephestia Species, E. Kuehniella, E. Elutella, and E. Cautella, and of a Closely Related Species, Plodia Interpunctella
    [ 162] THE DIETETICS OF THE CATERPILLARS OF THREE EPHESTIA SPECIES, E. KUEHNIELLA, E. ELUTELLA, AND E. CAUTELLA, AND OF A CLOSELY RELATED SPECIES, PLODIA INTERPUNCTELLA BY G. FRAENKEL AND M. BLEWETT, Department of Zoology and Applied Entomology, Imperial College, London, S'.W. 7 {Received 14 November 1945) (With Twelve Text-figures) In the course of a previous analysis of the dietetics of great number of individual tests it was not found several insects found on dried foods (Fraenkel & practicable to grow each caterpillar singly. Each test Blewett, 1943 a), it was discovered that the larva of was performed with twenty larvae. When the larvae Ephestia kuehnieUa, which normally feeds on flour, were fully grown and started wandering, a strip of grew badly, unlike the larvae of several beetles, 00 corrugated paper, about 2x1 in., was inserted into artificial diets consisting of casein, glucose, cholesterol each tube. Most larvae of the three Ephestia species, and salts and the moths failed to emerge. Later the but not of Plodia, pupated in the folds of the corru- investigation was extended to E. elutella, which is gated paper. By holding the papers toward the light known to infest such divergent materials as grain, it was possible to distinguish the darker and shorter tobacco, cacao beans and dried fruit. E. elutella grew pupa from the larva, and this method had also the fairly well on artificial diets, but again the moths additional advantage that the dates of pupation could failed to emerge from the pupae. Here the work was be marked on the papers. Plodia pupated inside the held up until it was discovered that Ephestia required, food and not in papers, which made it impossible to for successful growth and metamorphosis, fat- observe the date of pupation.
    [Show full text]
  • Indian Meal Moth Plodia Interpunctella
    Indian Meal Moth Plodia interpunctella Description QUICK SCAN Adults: Up to 13 mm (0.5 inches) long with wings that have copper brown tips. The part of the wings closest to the head is off white. SIZE / LENGTH Eggs: Oval, ivory in color and 2 mm (0.08 inches) long Adult 0.5 inch (13 mm) Larvae: Creamy white, brown head capsule. Coloration varies from Eggs 0.08 inch (2 mm) cream to light pink color, sometimes pale green. Pupae: Pupal cases are whitish with a yellow to brownish colored pupa COLOR RANGE inside. Adult Long wings with copper tips Larvae Creamy white, brown head Life Cycle Adult moths live for 10-14 days. Mated females can lay 200-400 eggs LIFE CYCLE singly or in groups. Eggs hatch in 3-5 days in warmer months and up to 7 days in cooler months. Larvae feed and become mature in 21 days Adults Live 10-14 days or as long as 30 days depending on food quality, temperature and Eggs Hatch 3-7 days humidity. Larvae will wander and pupation will occur away from infested materials. Adults emerge from the pupae in 7 to 10 days depending on temperature. FEEDING HABITS Damage and Detection Larvae Prefer: woolens, furs, and materials made with hair and Granular frass the size of ground pepper can be found in, on food feathers. materials such as nuts, dried fruits, cereals and processed foods containing nuts or seeds and made from wheat, rice or corn. The use of pheromone traps and inspections can determine location and degree of INFESTATION SIGNS infestation.
    [Show full text]
  • Ephestia Welseriella and Delplanqueia Inscriptella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, Phycitinae), New to the Belgian Fauna
    Ephestia welseriella and Delplanqueia inscriptella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, Phycitinae), new to the Belgian fauna Dan Slootmaekers, Chris Snyers & Steve Wullaert Abstract. In 2015 and 2016 several specimens of Ephestia welseriella (Zeller, 1848) were trapped in Rochefort and three specimens of Delplanqueia inscriptella (Duponchel, 1837) were found at Han-sur-Lesse (both Namur, Belgium). These are the first records of these species in Belgium. Information on the geographical distribution and biology of both species is provided as well as an examination of the genitalia of D. inscriptella. Samenvatting. In 2015 en 2016 werden enkele exemplaren van Ephestia welseriella (Zeller, 1848) gevangen te Rochefort (Namen, België) en drie exemplaren van Delplanqueia inscriptella (Duponchel, 1837) werden gevonden te Han-sur-Lesse (beide Namen, België). Het is de eerste keer dat deze soorten in België werden waargenomen. Informatie over de geografische verspreiding en de biologie van beide soorten wordt gegeven samen met een beschrijving van de genitalia van D. inscriptella. Résumé. En 2015 et 2016 quelques exemplaires d’Ephestia welseriella (Zeller, 1848) ont été capturés à Rochefort et trois exemplaires de Delplanqueia inscriptella (Duponchel, 1837) ont été trouvés à Han-sur-Lesse (les deux Namur, Belgique). Il s'agît des premières mentions de ces espèces en Belgique. Des informations concernant la distribution géographique et la biologie des deux espèces sont fournies ainsi qu’une investigation des genitalia de D. inscriptella. Key words: Ephestia welseriella – Delplanqueia inscriptella – Faunistics – Lepidoptera– New record – Belgium. Slootmaekers D.: Kinderwelzijnstraat 41, 2920 Kalmthout. [email protected] Snyers C.: Rendierstraat 14/2, 2610 Wilrijk. [email protected] Wullaert S.: Sint-Jorisstraat 24, 3583 Paal.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Essential Oils from 24 Plant Species on Sitophilus Zeamais Motsch (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)
    insects Article Effects of Essential Oils from 24 Plant Species on Sitophilus zeamais Motsch (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) William R. Patiño-Bayona 1, Leidy J. Nagles Galeano 1 , Jenifer J. Bustos Cortes 1 , Wilman A. Delgado Ávila 1, Eddy Herrera Daza 2, Luis E. Cuca Suárez 1, Juliet A. Prieto-Rodríguez 3 and Oscar J. Patiño-Ladino 1,* 1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Bogotá, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; [email protected] (W.R.P.-B.); [email protected] (L.J.N.G.); [email protected] (J.J.B.C.); [email protected] (W.A.D.Á.); [email protected] (L.E.C.S.) 2 Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; [email protected] 3 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Simple Summary: The maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motsch) is a major pest in stored grain, responsible for significant economic losses and having a negative impact on food security. Due to the harmful effects of traditional chemical controls, it has become necessary to find new insecticides that are both effective and safe. In this sense, plant-derived products such as essential oils (EOs) appear to be appropriate alternatives. Therefore, laboratory assays were carried out to determine the Citation: Patiño-Bayona, W.R.; chemical compositions, as well as the bioactivities, of various EOs extracted from aromatic plants on Nagles Galeano, L.J.; Bustos Cortes, the maize weevil. The results showed that the tested EOs were toxic by contact and/or fumigance, J.J.; Delgado Ávila, W.A.; Herrera and many of them had a strong repellent effect.
    [Show full text]
  • Arthropod Pests
    IAEA-TECDOC-1082 XA9950282--W6 Irradiationa as quarantine treatmentof arthropod pests Proceedings finala of Research Co-ordination Meeting organizedthe by Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture and held Honolulu,in Hawaii, November3-7 1997 INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY /A> 30- 22 199y Ma 9 J> The originating Section of this publication in the IAEA was: Food and Environmental Protection Section International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramer Strasse 5 0 10 x Bo P.O. A-1400 Vienna, Austria The IAEA does not normally maintain stocks of reports in this series However, copies of these reports on microfiche or in electronic form can be obtained from IMS Clearinghouse International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramer Strasse5 P.O.Box 100 A-1400 Vienna, Austria E-mail: CHOUSE® IAEA.ORG URL: http //www laea org/programmes/mis/inis.htm Orders shoul accompaniee db prepaymeny db f Austriao t n Schillings 100,- in the form of a cheque or in the form of IAEA microfiche service coupons which may be ordered separately from the INIS Clearinghouse IRRADIATIO QUARANTINA S NA E TREATMENF TO ARTHROPOD PESTS IAEA, VIENNA, 1999 IAEA-TECDOC-1082 ISSN 1011-4289 ©IAEA, 1999 Printe IAEe th AustriAn y i d b a May 1999 FOREWORD Fresh horticultural produce from tropical and sub-tropical areas often harbours insects and mites and are quarantined by importing countries. Such commodities cannot gain access to countries which have strict quarantine regulations suc Australias ha , Japan Zealanw Ne , d e Uniteth d dan State f Americo s a unless treaten approvea y b d d method/proceduro t e eliminate such pests.
    [Show full text]
  • Inter and Intraspecificity of Chemical Communication - A
    CHEMICAL ECOLOGY – Inter and Intraspecificity of Chemical Communication - A. Guerrero INTER AND INTRASPECIFICITY OF CHEMICAL COMMUNICATION A. Guerrero Department of Biological Organic Chemistry, Jordi Girona Barcelona, Spain Keywords: Chemical communication, pheromones, interspecificity, intraspecificity, allomones, kairomones, synomones, apneumones. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Terms used in chemical communicaton 2.1 Allelochemics 2.2 Pheromones 3. Interspecific chemical communication 3.1 Allomones 3.2 Kairomones 4. Intraspecific chemical communication 4.1 Lepidoptera pheromones 4.1.1 Bioassays 4.1.2 Biosynthesis 4.2 Male pheromones. The queen butterfly: A case study 4.3 Coleoptera pheromones 4.4 Pheromones of social insects 4.5 Practical uses of pheromones 4.5.1 Monitoring 4.5.2 Mass trapping 4.5.3 Mating disruption Acknowledgements Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch 1. IntroductionUNESCO – EOLSS Chemical ecology comprises the study of the interactions of organisms with their environment that are mediated by the chemicals they produce. An important part of these interactionsSAMPLE relates to chemical communication CHAPTERS in animals, the primary mode of information transfer in most groups of organisms. Even in the non-social animals, such as protozoans, annelids, molluscs, nematodes and many arthropods, chemical communication is used for a variety of purposes such as location of prey, avoidance of predators, sending signals to the same or different species for mating or aggregation, etc. The sophistication of this communication system is particularly high in those social insects and mammals that live as interacting groups of individuals in colonies or societies. In fact, the diversity of behavioral and physiological responses induced in many insects upon reception of chemical messages emitted by other insects of the same species may have been in large part the main factor for the evolution of high levels of ©Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) CHEMICAL ECOLOGY – Inter and Intraspecificity of Chemical Communication - A.
    [Show full text]
  • A Pheromone-Baited Trap for Monitoring the Indian Meal Moth, Plodia Interpunctella (Hu¨ Bner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Michael A
    Journal of Stored Products Research 37 (2001) 231–235 A pheromone-baited trap for monitoring the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hu¨ bner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Michael A. Mullen*, Alan K. Dowdy USDA-ARS, Grain Marketing and Production Research Center, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA Accepted 22 May 2000 Abstract A pheromone-baited trap was developed to monitor the Indian meal moth in grocery stores and similar areas where visible traps are not desirable. The trap can be used under shelves and against walls. As a shelf mount, the trap is in close proximity to the food packages and may capture emerging insects before they mate. The trap can also be used as a hanging trap similar to the Pherocon II. When used as a shelf or wall mount, it was as effective as the Pherocon II, but when used as a hanging trap significantly fewer insects were captured. # 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Insect detection; Stored-product insects; Insect monitoring 1. Introduction Monitoring of pest populations is essential for a successful integrated pest management program (IPM). The development of synthetic insect pheromones and food attractants has given the food industry a highly effective tool for early detection of insect infestation. The use of pheromone-baited traps to monitor insect populations offers several advantages over visual inspections. Traps work 24 h a day and 7 days a week. Maintenance of traps is simple and requires regular inspections to record the numbers and species of insects caught, to clean traps and replace lures. Tolerances for insects established by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for processed foods are low and the FDA now encourages the use of insect traps in pest management programs (Mueller, 1998).
    [Show full text]