Senate the Senate Met at 9:32 A.M

E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 106 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION

Vol. 146 WASHINGTON, THURSDAY, MAY 11, 2000 No. 58 Senate The Senate met at 9:32 a.m. and was APPOINTMENT OF THE ACTING for its commitment to community out- called to order by the Honorable MI- PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE reach as much as for its beautiful sanc- CHAEL D. CRAPO, a Senator from the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The tuary. For over a century, the con- State of Idaho. clerk will please read a communication gregation has worked to put its faith The PRESIDING OFFICER. Today’s to the Senate from the President pro into action in Hawaii, nationally, and throughout Asia and the Pacific. prayer will be offered by our guest tempore (Mr. THURMOND). Dr. Robinson has served as senior Chaplain, the Reverend Dr. Edward The legislative clerk read the fol- minister at Central Union for 15 years Robinson, from the Central Union lowing letter: Church, Honolulu, HI. and has ministered in the United U.S. SENATE, Church of Christ for over 30 years. He PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE, was born in Westwood, MA, and re- PRAYER Washington, DC, May 11, 2000. ceived his bachelor’s degree from The guest Chaplain, Dr. Edward Rob- To the Senate: Yankton College and bachelor of the- inson, offered the following prayer: Under the provisions of rule 1, section 3, of ology degree from Yankton School of Let us speak together in prayer. the Standing Rules of the Senate, I hereby appoint the Honorable MICHAEL D. CRAPO, a Theology. He holds a master’s of divin- Almighty God, our Creator and our Senator from the State of Idaho, to perform ity from United Seminary in St. Paul Redeemer, there are those across the the duties of the Chair. and master’s of sacred theology from aisle or awaiting us in our office or in STROM THURMOND, the Iliff School of Theology at the Uni- some other corner of the world whose President pro tempore. versity of Denver. He earned his doctor might and power trouble us and may Mr. CRAPO thereupon assumed the of ministry degree at San Francisco even make us afraid, but Your strength chair as Acting President pro tempore. Theological Seminary. grants us courage. There are those f In addition to his work in the United whose intelligence and oratory make Church of Christ, Dr. Robinson has us feel humbled and vulnerable, but RECOGNITION OF THE ACTING served on a number of boards and com- Your wisdom gives us grace to meet MAJORITY LEADER missions in Honolulu including the Sal- the challenge. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- vation Army, Girl Scouts, Shriner’s There are those whose laughter and pore. The Senator from Iowa. Hospital for Crippled Children, Hawaii jibes or the things they write about us Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, be- Habitat for Humanity, and Honolulu sometimes hurt, ridicule, and demean fore I give the opening script for the Boy Choir. us, but Your smile makes us welcome leader, I would like to defer to the Sen- Ted and Barbara Robinson are the and tells us we are worthwhile. There ator from Hawaii for a few minutes. proud parents of two children, Sarah are those whose schemes and dreams Mr. AKAKA. I thank the Senator. and Jonathan, and one granddaughter. for humanity confuse, bewilder, and The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- When we are home in Hawaii, we fre- terrify us, but Your vision for our lives pore. The Senator from Hawaii is rec- quently worship at Central Union. Ted gives us joy and hope. ognized. Robinson is one of the finest preachers Lord, in this incredible arena of to grace Hawaii. He is a friend and power and decisionmaking, in these in- f source of comfort for me and my fam- credible times as citizens of this land, GUEST CHAPLAIN, DR. EDWARD ily and inspires his active and growing surrounded by all these incredible peo- ‘‘TED’’ ROBINSON congregation to live their lives as couple, teach us to use our God-given tal- rageous people of faith. By word and Mr. AKAKA. Mr. President, I am very ents to serve as You have served us. deed, he embraces the mission of Cen- pleased and extremely honored to wel- Amen. tral Union inscribed in the sanctuary come to the Senate our guest Chaplain above the altar: ‘‘Love Never Faileth.’’ today, Rev. Dr. Edward Merritt ‘‘Ted’’ f It is my pleasure and privilege to Robinson of Central Union Church in welcome my good friend and minister Honolulu. to the Senate. PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE Dr. Robinson is senior minister at Aloha. The Honorable MICHAEL D. CRAPO led Central Union Church in Honolulu, the The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- the Pledge of Allegiance, as follows: largest United Church of Christ in the pore. We thank the Senator and join I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the West and 1 of the 10 largest in the with him in his gracious welcome to United States of America, and to the Repub- United States. Central Union was Reverend Robinson. lic for which it stands, one nation under God, founded over 150 years ago, and the Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, we indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. ‘‘Church in the Garden’’ is renowned all thank Reverend Robinson for his

∑ This ‘‘bullet’’ symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor.

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VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S3858 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 11, 2000 prayer this morning and for his leader- The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- osition of permanent normal trade re- ship in the spiritual world. pore. The Senator from New York. lations with China, an epic decision we f Mr. MOYNIHAN. Mr. President, I do will have to make and which I think we thank my colleague, who will be speak- will be able to make in the context of SCHEDULE ing momentarily. I want to simply re- this legislation having succeeded. Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, for capitulate some of the statements I remind all who might be listening the leader, I will announce today’s made yesterday, of which the first and that 6 months ago, this legislation was business. the most important is to say this is the dead. It was not going anywhere. The The Senate will resume debate on the first trade bill to come to the floor of House had passed a measure limited to conference report to accompany the the Senate in 6 years. It is not simply Africa and not very well received over African Growth and Opportunity Act. that there have not been matters to at- here. They had not included anything By previous consent, at 10 a.m. the tend to, it is rather that we have not for the Caribbean Basin and Central Senate will proceed to a cloture vote been able to attend to them. America, as we call it, a program on the conference report. If cloture is Most important, we have been unable begun under President Reagan, and the invoked, debate will resume with the to provide the President with negoti- Finance Committee took it up. The Fi- anticipation of an early afternoon vote ating authority for future trade agree- nance Committee worked for 6 months on final passage of the trade bill. Sen- ments in the manner that developed on this matter. ators will be notified as further votes over the last half century, following I know there are persons who feel it are scheduled. the epochal decision and action in the is unacceptable because it does not Following the disposition of this im- first term of President Roosevelt under contain provisions that provide for as- portant legislation, it is hoped the Sen- Cordell Hull to begin the reciprocal sistance to sub-Saharan Africa with re- ate can begin consideration of the mili- trade agreements program. Under that spect to HIV/AIDS. tary construction appropriations bill. program, the United States negotiated I say to my friends, the Senate did The leader thanks colleagues for with individual countries, and then have such a provision. We fought for it their attention and cooperation. after World War II with a group of in conference. We were not able to suc- f countries gathered together under the ceed because on the House side it was umbrella of the General Agreement on thought the legislation was a trade MEASURE PLACED ON Tariffs and Trade. The Reciprocal measure and public health issues were CALENDAR—H.R. 4386 Trade Agreements Act of 1934 gave the not relevant. Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, I un- President the authority to negotiate But also, absent economic develop- derstand there is a bill at the desk due and proclaim tariff reductions and that ment, there will be no controlling this its second reading. procedure evolved, in 1974, into the epidemic in Africa, anymore than in The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- trade agreements negotiating author- the subcontinent of Asia, and we will pore. The clerk will read the bill by ity, whereby the Congress gave the not have anything in which to begin an title for the second time. President the opportunity to reach a engagement on these matters—noth- The senior assistant bill clerk read as common agreement with other coun- ing. Anyone who comes to this body follows: tries and then send it to the Congress thinking that legislation which is not A bill (H.R. 4386) to amend title XIX of the to be approved up or down, not to be perfect is unacceptable will often be Social Security Act to provide medical as- negotiated item by item as we had disappointed. I was disappointed with sistance for certain women screened and done in the disastrous Smoot-Hawley the extent to which persons spoke yes- found to have breast or cervical cancer under tariff of 1930. We have never had a tar- terday about rejecting this legislation a federally funded screening program, to amend the Public Health Service Act and the iff bill as such on the Senate floor in 70 because it was not perfect. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act with years. I note that the Foreign Relations respect to surveillance and information con- The administration was hesitant Committee has reported out a measure, cerning the relationship between cervical about asking the Congress to renew S. 2382, the Technical Assistance, cancer and the human papillomavirus (HPV), this authority. When finally it did, we Trade Promotion and Anti-Corruption and for other purposes. were hesitant about giving it, and it Act of 2000, which includes some impor- Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, I ob- looked for a while as if an enormous, a tant provisions addressing this public ject to further proceedings on this mat- momentous event in the world econ- health crisis. Other suggestions are ter at this time. omy and the American economy and in under review. These include proposed The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- the political stability of the world was tax incentives to promote vaccine de- pore. The bill will be placed on the cal- being lost. The role of trade has be- velopment. These tax incentives will endar. come so important. Many of the prin- come to the Finance Committee. f cipal actors in the Second World War I am sure my friend from Iowa will were at war with each other in very agree that Senators who accept what RESERVATION OF LEADER TIME much trade-related matters. It would we have done today, even if not perfect, The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- now be thought inconceivable for any will find a much more receptive Fi- pore. Under the previous order, leader- such conflict to take place. nance Committee. We have worked ship time is reserved. I say this because not only was this very hard on this. We know perfectly f the first bill in six years, but yesterday well the facts, and we propose to ad- we began our debate on an auspicious dress them in a context where we will TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT ACT note with a resounding vote of 90–6 in have a tax bill. We will try to get a tax OF 2000—CONFERENCE REPORT support of the motion to proceed to the bill on the House side, and we will The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- conference report, and now we will vote enact something of much greater con- pore. The Senate will now resume con- to invoke cloture. I trust we will do so sequence than anything now consideration of the conference report ac- with the same resounding vote. templated. companying H.R. 434, which the clerk This is a good bill. It is not perfect, I offer a further thought, which is will report. nor will it solve all the economic prob- that on May 3, the Wall Street Journal The legislative clerk read as follows: lems of sub-Saharan Africa and the reported, and I was advised of this in Conference report to accompany H.R. 434, Caribbean, but it will help, as Senator advance, that the Pfizer pharma- an act to authorize a new trade and invest- GRASSLEY and others said yesterday. ceutical company—one of the oldest, ment policy for sub-Saharan Africa. My esteemed colleague, the Senator the one which developed penicillin dur- The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- from Iowa, is here representing Sen- ing World War II, the British having pore. Under the previous order, the ator ROTH, the chairman of our com- discovered it and not having the capac- time until 10 a.m. is equally divided in mittee, who is recovering from surgery ity to produce it; a great firm with the usual form. and who will be back with us next week great successes—had offered to provide Mr. GRASSLEY. I defer to the Sen- when on next Wednesday we will take one of its drug therapies for HIV infec- ator from New York. up in the Finance Committee the prop- tion, called Diflucan, at no cost to

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY May 11, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3859 South Africans. There is a press another industries as well. This is be- Congo, Democratic Republic nouncement from Geneva this morning cause American exports follow Amer- Coˆ te d’Ivoire that five pharmaceutical companies— ican investment when that investment Djibouti Equitorial Guinea Merck, Bristol Myers Squibb, Glaxo moves abroad, especially exports of Eritrea Wellcome, Boehringer Ingelheim, and capital equipment. Ethiopia Roche—are participating in a collabo- This conference agreement enjoys Gabon rative initiative with the United Na- broad support among distinguished The Gambia tions Programme on HIV/AIDS, which Members of both the majority and mi- Ghana is termed UNAIDS to ‘‘explore ways to nority, who have worked together long Guinea accelerate and improve the provision of and hard to fashion this agreement. Guinea-Bissau HIV/AIDS-related care and treatment It also enjoys the support of a vast Kenya Lesotho in developing countries.’’ majority of political, civic, and reli- Liberia Does the Presiding Officer wish me to gious leaders around the United States, Madagascar cease and desist? and the support of each of the nations Malawi The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. BUN- that would benefit from its passage. Mali NING). The time allocated to the minor- I urge my colleagues to take a look Mauritania ity side has expired. at an advertisement in the Hill news- Mauritius Mr. MOYNIHAN. Fine. paper that was put out yesterday. It Mozambique I would simply close by saying, sir, has a long list of prominent business Namibia as to the matter of worker rights, the leaders and organizations. It has a long Niger Nigeria amendment to the CBI legislation of- list of American civic leaders who sup- Reunion fered on this matter was offered by port this, including even organizations Rwanda Senator LEVIN, which I cosponsored. It such as Empower America, which is Sao Tome and Principe provided that the President must take headed by Republican Jack Kemp, and Senegal into account the extent to which a pro- is supported by conservative leaders Seychelles spective CBI beneficiary country pro- such as Bill Bennett. Sierra Leone tects internationally recognized work- Since it enjoys this broad, bipartisan South Africa er rights. That is to say, the core labor support—both within and outside the Swaziland Tanzania standards established by the ILO. I re- political environment—I hope that it Togo port to the Senate that this was re- gets the support of our colleagues as Uganda tained in the conference agreement, as well. Zambia were many other Senate amendments. A vote for cloture is also a reaffirma- Zimbabwe I thank the Chair and I regret having tion of America’s historic leadership Business Leaders imposed upon my colleague’s time. role in international trade. We have The Limited, Inc. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- much to do in the international trade Gap Inc. ator from Iowa. arena in the next year or two: Ford Motor Company Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, it is Restore confidence in American trade Moving Water Industries my intention to use 5 minutes and then policy, and leadership in trade; rebuild Chevron Corporation give the remainder of the time to one confidence in the World Trade Organi- Kmart Corporation of the opponents of the legislation, the zation; win the fight for permanent Cargill BP Amoco Corporation Senator from Wisconsin. So I ask the normal trade relations status for Bechtel Chair to please inform me when 5 min- China; and show our trading partners Exxon Corporation utes are up. in Geneva, where negotiations are un- Citigroup The PRESIDING OFFICER. The derway right now, that we in the Sen- Enron Corporation Chair will so note. ate are engaged with the world, and the Bank of America Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, I rise world can look to us for that leader- Mobil Corporation in support of the cloture motion. I urge ship. Boeing Company my colleagues on both sides of the aisle I ask my colleagues to vote in sup- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company to support this motion. I spoke yester- port of the opportunity to continue National Retail Federation Caterpillar, Inc. day, at length, about why this bill is America’s leadership in the effort to Leon Tempelsman & Son such an important piece of legislation. reduce trade barriers. I ask my col- DaimlerChrysler I guess the best proof of it is that it leagues to vote in favor of this motion. American International Group enjoys such bipartisan support, which Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- Archer Daniels Midland Company does not happen too often on Capitol sent to have that advertisement I men- Foley, Hoag and Eliot Hill. But I summed up, in yesterday’s tioned in the Hill newspaper printed in Eastman Kodak remarks, that this conference agree- the RECORD. Equator Bank HSBC ment is about opportunity—oppor- There being no objection, the mate- Edlow International Eli Lilly and Company tunity for 48 struggling nations of sub- rial was ordered to be printed in the Emerson Electric Co. Saharan Africa; and opportunity for RECORD, as follows: Texaco Inc. the people of the Caribbean, many of [From the Hill, May 10, 2000] Equitable Capital Mgmt. whom are struggling to rebuild their TO THE UNITED STATES SENATE Barden International lives following the devastation of their CONFERENCE REPORT ON THE AFRICAN GROWTH BET, Inc. countries by natural disaster. AND OPPORTUNITY ACT F.C. Schaffer Fluor Corporation Most importantly, we in the Congress We Endorse Legislation That Provides Social WorldSpace, Inc. must be concerned about American and Economic Opportunity in Africa And General Electric jobs—our working men and women. We, the Undersigned, are Working Together General Motors Corporation to Achieve this Goal This bill does much for the American Halliburton/Brown & Root economy and for America’s consumers, All 48 African Nations Harris Corporation as well. The enhanced Caribbean Basin Angola Holland & Knight Initiative textile provisions in this Benin Iridium LLC conference agreement may create up to Botswana Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical $8 billion in new sales and 120,000 new Burkina Faso Lehman Brothers jobs over the next 5 years. Those are Burundi Corporate Council on Africa not my estimates. Those are not Sen- Cameroon Louis Berger International Cape Verde Manchester Trade ator MOYNIHAN’s estimates. Those are Central Africa Republic McDermott Incorporated the textile industry’s own estimates. Chad McDonald’s Corporation In addition to the textile industry, Comoros Modern Africa Fund Managers this bill enjoys the support of many Congo (Brazzaville) Motorola Inc.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S3860 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 11, 2000 Moving Water Industries new markets for American products and will to bring help and hope to the millions National Soft Drink Association create additional jobs for Americans and Af- affected by the epidemic seemed like New Africa Advisers ricans. For every $1 billion in exports to Af- the least that this body could do. And Occidental International rica, 14,000 jobs are created or sustained in yet we could not even accomplish that Ocean Energy the United States.’’ Oracle We Urge Senate Conferees to Report the: modest step. We could not even agree Philip Morris African Growth and Opportunity Act!!— to do no harm. PriceWaterhouseCoopers AGOA Coalition, Inc. And I want to remind my colleagues Pryor, McClendon, Counts & Co. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- that this issue will not go away. Even Raytheon ator’s time has expired. those least inclined to give this issue SBC Communications Inc. The Senator from Wisconsin. the attention it deserves will not be Seaboard Mr. FEINGOLD. Mr. President, let able to ignore 5,500 deaths per day, and Teledesic Corporation me first thank the Senator from Iowa the social, economic, and political Tyco for his courtesy in giving me this time ramifications of those deaths. This Westar Group Inc. International Mass Retail Association to speak in opposition. issue will not go away as long as the U.S. Chamber of Commerce Mr. President, I rise to take another HIV/AIDS crisis continues on its ter- Coalition for Employment Through Exports, opportunity to express my disappoint- rible course; this issue will not go away Inc. ment with the conference report on the as long as the American public asks American Civic Leaders African Growth and Opportunity Act. I tough questions about why this Con- Bishop Donald G.K. Ming, AME Church have outlined my concerns about this gress refuses to pass even modest meas- Bishop Garnett C. Henning, AME Church bill time and again. I have explained ures like the Feinstein-Feingold Bishop Vinton Anderson, AME Church how little opportunity it really offers amendment; and this issue will not go The Honorable Leon Sullivan to the countries of Africa. I have ex- away as long as I am in this Senate. Mel Foote, CFA pressed my fears about transshipment. Most Members didn’t have to face up, Ambassador Andrew Young I have noted the bill’s failure to ad- publicly, to the pressure of the phar- Former Mayor David Dinkins dress the environmental issues that are maceutical industry and the far reach- Mayor Wellington Webb ing implications of their choice to sup- The Honorable Kweisi Mfume inextricably linked with trade and in- Mrs. Coretta Scott King vestment. And, most importantly, I port or not support the Feinstein-Fein- Mr. Martin Luther King III have pointed out the rather obvious gold amendment. But eventually we Mr. Robert Johnson, BET, Inc. fact that unless we get serious about will all have to face the music, we will Mr. C. Payne Lucas reducing Africa’s debt burden and have to answer to our constituents and Constituency for Africa fighting the region’s devastating HIV/ to our consciences. National Council of Churches AIDS crisis, any effort to stimulate The commitment of the major phar- Africare trade and investment is simply an act maceutical companies to differential International Foundation for Education and of political theater. pricing is perhaps promising, but it Self-Help raises as many questions as it answers. Education Africa By refusing to address the core obsta- Africa-America Institute cles prohibiting so much of that vast There is differential pricing today be- African Development Foundation continent from achieving its potential tween the United States and Canada. World Vision as a region of prosperity and a valued The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Service and Development Agency (SADA) trading partner, this Senate is once ator’s time has expired. African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church again ignoring the tough issues in Mr. FEINGOLD. I ask unanimous Corporate Council on Africa favor of the ultimately futile quick fix. consent for 1 additional minute. Organization Industrialization Council Inter- We are capable of better, and the peo- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without national ple of Africa are certainly deserving of objection, it is so ordered. NAACP Mr. FEINGOLD. I thank the Senator Washington Law Society more. I felt this way before learning the from Iowa. Foundation for Democracy in Africa There is differential pricing today be- outcome of the conference—I felt this National Association of Negro and Profes- tween Canada and the United States sional Women’s Club way last year, when I joined Congress- when it comes to pharmaceuticals, and National Bar Association man JESSE JACKSON, Jr., to introduce that is a bad deal. Differential pricing United States Conference of Mayors alternative legislation to the African does not necessarily mean the afford- National Conference of Black Mayors Growth and Opportunity Act. But my National Council of Churches able pricing of drugs. disappointment was deepened, and my Africa Travel Association But I appreciate the courtesy in sense of outrage was provoked, and my Black Professionals in International Affairs being able to speak on this matter be- resolve to fight for something better Southern Christian Leadership Conference cause I believe so strongly that the was strengthened when the outcome of National Association of State Legislatures voices in opposition to this bill need to National Association of Minority Contrac- the conference became apparent. be heard. We did not do the job we tors The fate of the Feinstein-Feingold needed to do to create a real Africa National Black Chamber of Commerce amendment—a provision that was ac- trade bill. I regret that and will vote in National Black Media Coalition cepted into the manager’s package opposition to cloture. I ask my col- National Black Republican Council when this bill was debated on the floor Council of 100 Black Republicans leagues to vote against cloture. last fall but was stripped by the leader- Nigerian American Alliance Mr. President, I yield the floor. U.S. Business Council ship in the final days of the con- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under Ron Brown Foundation ference—is appalling. Our modest the previous order, the Chair lays be- Goodworks International amendment would have prevented the fore the Senate the pending cloture Empower America U.S. Government from pressuring Afri- motion, which the clerk will state. President Clinton: ‘‘Our Administration can countries that use internationally strongly supports the African Growth and The legislative clerk read as follows: legal means to make HIV/AIDS medi- CLOTURE MOTION Opportunity Act, which I said in my State of cations more accessible to their citi- the Union Address, we will work to pass in We the undersigned Senators, in accord- this session of Congress.’’ zens. I stood on this floor yesterday ance with the provisions of rule XXII of the Majority leader Trent Lott: ‘‘I support leg- and cited statistic after shocking sta- Standing Rules of the Senate, do hereby islation that is good for Americans and Afri- tistic, trying to communicate the ur- move to bring to a close debate on the Con- cans.’’ gency of the situation and the scale of ference Report to accompany H.R. 434, The The African Diplomatic Corps: ‘‘The House the crisis. The falling life expectancies, African Growth and Opportunity Act: of Representatives should seize this oppor- the overcrowded morgues, the millions Trent Lott, Jon Kyl, Pat Roberts, Craig tunity to open a new, historic chapter in the of orphans, the declines in GDP—I have Thomas, Bill Frist, Paul Coverdell, relations between Africa and the United James Inhofe, Orrin Hatch, Don Nick- States. It will mark a true beginning for an tried to convey the extent of the dis- les, Larry Craig, Slade Gorton, Mitch independent Africa and this great nation.’’ ease’s reach. In light of these facts, McConnell, Peter Fitzgerald, Chuck Reverened Leon Sullivan, IFESH; ‘‘The Af- passing legislation that prevents our Grassley, Phil Gramm, and Mike rican Growth and Opportunity Act will open Government from stopping legal efforts Crapo.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY May 11, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3861 The PRESIDING OFFICER. By unan- In this country, we are going to see Since 1997, there have been school imous consent, the mandatory quorum this weekend hundreds of thousands of shootings in Pearl, MS, West Paducah, call is waived. mothers and families in Washington KY, Jonesboro, AR, Edinboro, PA, and The question is, Is it the sense of the marching against violence as part of Springfield, OR. Senate that debate on the conference the Million Mom March. There have been many other outrages report to accompanying H.R. 434, the My resolution simply commends the outside our schools. Recently, a racist African Growth and Opportunity Act, participants of the Million Mom March in Pittsburgh killed six people, and not shall be brought to a close? The yeas this weekend for rallying their commu- too far from where we are standing, and nays are required under the rule. nities to ask for sensible gun safety seven children were shot at the Na- The clerk will call the roll. legislation. It calls on the Congress to tional Zoo. The assistant legislative clerk called complete action on the juvenile justice Some of us have tried to address this the roll. bill, which will help promote safety violence. During the debate on the ju- Mr. NICKLES. I announce that the and sensible legislation, and I hope to venile justice bill, the Senate passed Senator from New Mexico (Mr. DOMEN- offer that resolution before the Memo- several gun safety measures, including ICI), and the Senator from Delaware rial Day recess. my amendment to require criminal (Mr. ROTH) are necessarily absent. I will be on The Mall for the march background checks at gun shows. It Mr. REID. I announce that the Sen- this Sunday with, I am sure, many of was a very close vote. The Vice Presi- ator from New Mexico (Mr. BINGAMAN), my colleagues on Mother’s Day, May dent, in his role as President of the the Senator from Nevada (Mr. BRYAN), 14, 2000, with Americans from all walks Senate, voted to break the 50–50 tie. the Senator from Louisiana (Ms. LAN- of life. In Washington and communities I remind my colleagues that the gun DRIEU), and the Senator from Arkansas across the country, people will join to- show amendment had bipartisan sup- (Mrs. LINCOLN) are necessarily absent. gether to call for meaningful, common- port. I did not get 50 votes without get- The yeas and nays resulted—yeas 76, sense gun safety policies. nays 18, as follows: ting some of our colleagues on the Re- My resolution commends these fami- publican side. I was pleased to have [Rollcall Vote No. 97 Leg.] lies, citizens, members of religious con- that support from Senators DEWINE, YEAS—76 gregations, schools, community-based FITZGERALD, LUGAR, VOINOVICH, WAR- Abraham Gorton McConnell organizations, businesses, political, NER, and Senator John Chafee, who is Akaka Graham Mikulski and cultural groups for coming to- Allard Gramm Moynihan no longer with us. They all voted for Ashcroft Grams Murkowski gether as a local and national commu- the amendment. Baucus Grassley nity to recognize the violence com- Murray The final juvenile justice bill passed Bayh Gregg Nickles mitted against our children from guns by a vote of 73–25. There was strong bi- Bennett Hagel Reid must cease. Biden Harkin Robb partisan support for moving forward on Bond Hatch I am going to continue to try my Roberts juvenile crime and for trying to reduce Breaux Hutchinson best to see if we can get action on the Rockefeller gun violence. Brownback Hutchison stalled gun safety provision that Amer- Burns Inhofe Santorum But what has happened since then? Sarbanes ican families want us to pass. Campbell Inouye The gun lobby, and its congressional Chafee, L. Jeffords Schumer It has now been more than a year Cochran Johnson Sessions since that terrible tragedy at Col- allies, have stalled the bill. It has been Shelby Coverdell Kerrey umbine High School on April 20, 1999. held hostage in the conference com- Craig Kerry Smith (OR) mittee for more than 9 months. We Crapo Kohl Specter Students at that high school were at- Daschle Kyl Stevens tacked in the halls of their school, in need to move forward on gun safety be- DeWine Lautenberg Thomas their classrooms. The result everyone cause stopping gun violence and keep- Dodd Levin Thompson knows: 12 students dead, a teacher shot ing our kids safe is too important. Durbin Lieberman Torricelli When you talk about a million Enzi Lott Voinovich dead, another 23 students and teachers Feinstein Lugar Warner injured. women marching, while they would Fitzgerald Mack Wyden I have to ask, just as they are ask- like it, they are not marching for equal Frist McCain ing—I hear it; and I know colleagues of pay; they are not marching for job op- NAYS—18 mine hear it—what has Congress done portunity; they are not talking about Boxer Dorgan Leahy since that time, since that awful day 1 ‘‘glass ceilings;’’ they are not talking Bunning Edwards Reed year ago? What have we done to help about an invasion of the rights as we Byrd Feingold Smith (NH) conventionally see them. There is one Cleland Helms Snowe reduce this violence? As I see it, not Collins Hollings Thurmond much—virtually nothing. I think it is issue that is more important than any Conrad Kennedy Wellstone shameful. other. NOT VOTING—6 It is shameful because shootings have They say: Dear God, help us protect Bingaman Domenici Lincoln not stopped. Columbine was the most our children. When we send them to Bryan Landrieu Roth deadly school shooting. But there have school in the morning, they are The PRESIDING OFFICER. On this been many others. It is peculiar, you healthy and smiling. We want them to vote, the yeas are 76, the nays are 18. often think—at least I do; I speak for come back from school the same way Three-fifths of the Senators duly cho- myself—that we have seen the ultimate at the end of the day—even though sen and sworn having voted in the af- outrage, one after another: Columbine; they now know that there are going to firmative, the motion is agreed to. the children being led, hand in hand, by be metal detectors, there are going to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- policemen out of the school in Los An- be guards, and there are going to be ad- ator from New Jersey. geles; young people at a prayer meet- ditional measures to try to maintain Mr. LAUTENBERG. Mr. President, ing in Texas—and still nothing hap- security. now that we are considering the con- pens. Violence has won over much of our ference report on the free trade bill, In February of this year, a little first attention, certainly much of our budg- which I support, I point out while this grader was shot and killed by a class- et. But we have to work to help fami- legislation is designed to improve eco- mate—a 6-year-old killing a 6-year-old. lies, some of whom have already paid a nomic conditions in sub-Saharan Afri- The child, Kayla Rolland, a beautiful terrible price for gun violence, and oth- ca, many of these sub-Saharan coun- little girl, is taken from her family. ers who worry about it each and every tries have struggled economically for There was no explanation except that day. Because the wounds that were re- years. As a result, that economic stag- this little boy got a gun and pulled the ceived were not simply the wounds nation has also led to political unrest, trigger. In December of last year, a that came from the gun attack, as hor- civil wars, and bloody violence. Reduc- seventh grader in Fort Gibson, OK, rible as that was, but everybody in the ing violence should be a high priority took a handgun to school and wounded vicinity, everybody in those schools, all across the globe, not only on the Af- four students. These are just the school were wounded by those attacks, so was rican Continent but also a high pri- shootings since the terrible tragedy at our Nation. It changed the tenure of ority in our country. Columbine. things. It made us all apprehensive.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S3862 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 11, 2000 So the gun safety provisions in the and cleared by the two managers, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- juvenile justice bill are simply com- which would continue until 2:15 p.m. on ator from New Jersey has the floor. monsense measures that Congress Tuesday, May 16, 2000. Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask the should have enacted a long time ago. This has been cleared with the Demo- Senator from California to withhold First, we have to close the gun show cratic leadership. We are extending it her objection. loophole. There is no question that until this time on Tuesday at the re- The PRESIDING OFFICER. She has closing the gun show loophole will help quest of our colleagues on the other already objected. The Senator from prevent guns from getting into the side of the aisle. New Jersey has the floor. wrong hands, including the hands of The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I hope we schoolchildren. objection? can work this out in some amicable The proof is in the testimony of Mrs. BOXER. Reserving the right to way. The regular order is that debate now is on the African trade and CBI Robyn Anderson before the Colorado object, I just want to make sure that conference report. Legislature. She is the young woman those of us who want to speak about the Million Mom March that is coming The PRESIDING OFFICER. That is who went with Eric Harris and Dylan correct. this weekend, where we may see a Klebold to the Tanner gun show in Mr. REID. Mr. President, if the Sen- Adams County, CO. She bought two quarter of a million or more moms ator will yield, I know the Senator shotguns and a rifle for Klebold and here, and thousands more across the from New Jersey has the floor. In an ef- Harris, three of the four guns that they country, are not precluded under this fort to resolve this, I wonder if the later used in their massacre, their UC from speaking on it in morning leader would consider, prior to going to shooting rampage at Columbine High business. If it requires an amendment the military construction bill, that School. to the UC, I would hope we could work there be a period of time for Senators She testified, saying very clearly: that out. Otherwise, I will object be- to discuss this march. Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold had gone to cause we could talk about a lot of Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, again, I the Tanner gun show on Saturday and they things, but there is no question the think we can work out a time to do took me back with them on Sunday. . . . Million Mom March deserves to be dis- this. We have a problem in that the While we were walking around, Eric and cussed. Senator LAUTENBERG has a res- manager of the bill has a time prob- Dylan kept asking sellers if they were pri- olution praising the moms, and I think lem—or one of the managers—and she vate or licensed. They wanted to buy their we should be able to discuss that. has to leave later on this afternoon. guns from someone who was private—and Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I might Mr. REID. Also, there is nothing to not licensed—because there would be no paperwork or background check. say, this does not preclude that. But prevent Senators from talking while the rules of the Senate are that once the bill is pending. She said: you vote on cloture, and the fact that Mr. LOTT. The point is, it would It was too easy. I wish it had been more cloture was adopted, postcloture, the take consent in order for that to hap- difficult. I wouldn’t have helped them buy debate has to be on the cloture item. pen. Generally speaking, as long as ev- the guns if I had faced a background check. If the Senators want to talk on this erybody is being considerate of each More recently Patty Nielson, a subject, we will be glad to talk with other—we haven’t objected to Senator teacher at Columbine High School, them about the appropriate time to do LAUTENBERG speaking. But he would spoke about the need to close the gun it. But under the rules, the regular not be able to speak on the subject if show loophole. She said: order will be that we have debate on Senators objected. He actually has spo- All we know for sure is that if they this measure. ken on both. I think we are making a [Klebold and Harris] hadn’t gotten these Mr. MOYNIHAN. After a vote on mountain out of a molehill here, and guns, they never would have killed those in- final passage, this would be entirely in we ought to be able to work through nocent people. And the shocking thing is order, and if a resolution is to be of- this. that they got those guns so easily from the Mr. REID. We will continue to work gun show. fered, then you could deal with the resolution; but you could not deal with it on this. Mr. REID. Will the Senator from New now, is that right? I ask that question Mr. LOTT. Should I renew the re- Jersey withhold? The leader is on the of the majority leader. quest at this time? floor to make a unanimous consent re- Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, if I may, I Mr. REID. Mr. President, I suggest quest. inquire of the Senator, what was the the absence of a quorum. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Mr. LAUTENBERG. I certainly would question? agree to that provided that I regain the Mr. MOYNIHAN. After we have a clerk will call the roll. The assistant legislative clerk pro- floor. vote on final passage, then these mat- ceeded to call the roll. Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I did not ters would be entirely in order, cor- hear the request, but I understand that Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I ask unan- rect? imous consent that the order for the Senator LAUTENBERG will yield so that Mr. LOTT. As a matter of fact, after I can proceed to a unanimous consent quorum call be rescinded. the vote on the conference report, it The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without request at this time. would be debate relative to the pending Parliamentary inquiry, Mr. Presi- objection, it is so ordered. bill only. But, again, we always work Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, let me say dent. I believe that we are postcloture together to find time for Senators to again, we worked very hard on both now, and the subject for debate should have morning business and talk on sub- sides of the aisle to accommodate Sen- be the African and CBI trade bill; is jects that they wish to talk about. But ators on both sides of the aisle, includ- that correct? we are trying to set up a process to ing their desires to speak, but also the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Yes, that complete the African trade bill and managers’ desire to do some of their is correct. In a postcloture situation, then move to the military construction work and still be able to make other debate is supposed to be germane to appropriations bill. We have it worked commitments. In this case, we are ac- the bill. out. Again, we will be glad to talk to tually trying to protect the ranking f Senators who may be interested in a member, Senator MURRAY, from Wash- time when that could be done. But the ington State. We ought to be able to UNANIMOUS CONSENT rules do not allow that now. work through that. I hope Senators AGREEMENT—S. 2521 Mrs. BOXER. I understand. I am will be understanding of the managers’ Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I ask unan- going to have to object at this time. desire to make some progress on the imous consent that the Senate proceed The PRESIDING OFFICER. Objec- MILCON bill today. But at their re- to the military construction appropriation is heard. quest, which I think is reasonable, we tions bill, S. 2521, immediately fol- Mrs. BOXER. I want to see it. My unwill strike the ‘‘relative to the bill’’ lowing the adoption of the African derstanding is we are going to MILCON part of the request and I will renew it. trade conference report; further, there and we will not necessarily have an op- I ask unanimous consent that the be debate only relative to the bill, portunity to speak—maybe we can put Senate proceed to the military con- other than any amendments offered in a quorum call until I see that. struction appropriations bill, S. 2521,

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY May 11, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3863 immediately following the adoption of Mr. DURBIN. Will the Senator yield NIHAN to ask him to respond with the the African trade conference report, for a question? assurance that I get the floor, if we and further, there be debate only, other Mr. LAUTENBERG. Yes. abandon the debate now. than any amendments offered and Mr. DURBIN. I would like the Sen- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- cleared by the two managers, which ator to respond to these questions. I ator from New York. would continue until 2:15 p.m. on Tues- want to put the importance of this res- Mr. MOYNIHAN. Mr. President, day, May 16, 2000. olution in context. might I ask the distinguished and for- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there The Senator mentioned that it was bearing majority leader, if we have a objection? April 10 of last year that we had the vote on the African trade bill, if the Without objection, it is so ordered. Columbine tragedy. Senator from New Jersey could speak Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I thank Mr. LAUTENBERG. April 20. to the matter he is discussing? Senator REID and all Members. Fur- Mr. DURBIN. April 20, 1999. And if I Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I believe ther, I assure the minority leader that am not mistaken, 12 or 13 high school under the unanimous consent request I don’t intend to file a cloture motion students were killed, and more were in- we agreed to that he would be able to on this bill this week. I think we can jured during the course of that time. do that. make progress on military construc- America was fixed on this event as no Mr. LAUTENBERG. That I be able to tion. It has broad support because of other event, despite all the gun vio- recapture—we are asking the majority what is in the base bill and also be- lence, when we consider it could hap- leader. He speaks very clearly. I have cause it has the emergency funding for pen at a high school such as Col- the assurance that I will be recognized Kosovo and fuel for the military. I be- umbine. immediately after to finish the com- lieve we can complete this bill this Is the Senator from New Jersey able ments that I was making. week. to tell me what the response was of the Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, could I in- Mr. LAUTENBERG. If the majority Senate to that tragedy? quire? leader will yield, when would he expect Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I call the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ma- that the MILCON bill will come up and Senate to order. jority leader. be available for debate? The PRESIDING OFFICER. The de- Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I ask Sen- Mr. LOTT. I believe we will be able to bate must be germane to the African ator LAUTENBERG if he can give us finish the debate remaining on the Af- trade conference report. some idea about how long he thinks rica trade bill, and sometime between Mr. LAUTENBERG. It is regular that might take. The reason I am in- 12 and 1 o’clock get a vote on that, and order. quiring again is that we do have man- then we would go to MILCON. The Mr. President, I have the right to es- agers of the bill who have a time prob- managers would like to spend, obvi- tablish the connection between the lem. I would like to encourage the Sen- ously, some time on the substance of trade industry, and that is how I start- ator to talk with them and get some that, and then we will go forward from ed my remarks. The fact is that one of time agreements so they can move for- there. the purposes of getting this trade mat- ward with the military construction Mr. LAUTENBERG. Would there be ter into law is to make sure the coun- bill. I feel as if they will be able to any likelihood of a vote tomorrow on tries we deal with that are having se- work something out with you. that? vere economic problems, where we see Mr. REID. Mr. President, we have Mr. LOTT. No. We will vote on the starving populations, where we see two of our Senators who want to speak Africa trade bill today, but then we human rights ignored, corruption on the African free trade bill. One of will go to debate only on MILCON, and rampant—that is the mission of what the Senators wishes to speak after the that would go until 2:15 until Tuesday. we are doing this day. Frankly, I am vote. I placed a call and spoke to the There would be no votes on that until not doing it exclusively so we can do other Senator. He is going to call me Tuesday. more business. We would like to do back in a few minutes as to whether he I yield the floor. more business. could do the same. If that is the case, Mr. REID. Will the Senator yield? We The fact is that trade has another the vote will take place as soon as the have a couple more speakers on this significant implication. It is a foreign leader wants it on the Africa trade bill, side. Senator HARKIN is one of them policy implication. How do we deal and then they can speak after that. and he said he would be willing to with it? When we look through the tel- Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I am not speak after the vote. evision cameras today, we see people managing the bill. I know there is at Mr. HARKIN. I will speak after the with malnutrition, disease, starving. least one more Senator on the floor vote. We are hoping we can do something to who wants to speak on the trade bill. I Mr. REID. One of our members is tied try to alleviate those conditions. understand there may be one or two on up in judiciary, or we could be finished Why is it out of order? I ask the Par- this side. We have about four or five by noon. We will try to get him back liamentarian, why is it out of order to speakers. here and speed this thing up. talk about the subjects that relate at Mr. REID. We have three on our side. Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I yield the home to the same things we are trying Mr. LOTT. And a couple on our side. floor. to do to help overseas? I don’t under- Mr. REID. One of the Senators wants The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- stand it. I must say that I have to pose to speak for 45 minutes on our side. ator from New Jersey is recognized. that to the Parliamentarian. That is why I was trying to see if we Mr. LAUTENBERG. Mr. President, We are never so strict that you can’t could work it out so she could speak the teacher, Patty Nielson, from Col- talk about matters that relate indi- after the vote. umbine is right in her statement. It is rectly. Or are we going to measure it Mr. LAUTENBERG. What is our sta- shocking that anyone can get a gun so word by word what is being said here? tus, Mr. President? I am going to ask easily at a gun show. The American I think it is an invasion, I must say, of for a vote on germaneness, if the inter- people understand this issue. In every the Senator’s right to speak on an pretation stands. poll, more than 80 percent of the Amer- issue. I thought we had an accommodation ican people support background checks I am not finished with remarks on with the majority leader —I was trying at gun shows. In fact, two-thirds of the the trade commentary. I intend to to be helpful—to give us a chance to gun owners—66 percent—support back- close with the trade commentary. finish the debate on the subjects as I ground checks on all gun sales at gun The PRESIDING OFFICER. All de- described, and to make way for the shows. Some of the other loopholes in bate must be germane to the con- vote to take place in an expeditious our gun laws are also shocking. There ference report. fashion but guaranteeing me by unani- is no reason why we should allow large- Mr. LAUTENBERG. Mr. President, mous consent now to be able to get the capacity ammunition clips to be im- the distinguished Senator from New floor after the vote on the trade bill ported. We banned them from being York, everybody’s good friend here, has taken place. If that is the case, I manufactured in this country, but they wishes to ask a question of the major- will yield the floor so we can get on to can still be brought in, imported. ity leader. I would like Senator MOY- the business.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S3864 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 11, 2000 I would like that representation to be Mr. LAUTENBERG. Yes. The Senator from Iowa. made now and clearly understood. Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I wish the Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I rise to, Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, as I under- Senators would at least talk to the first of all, support enthusiastically stand it, the debate now postcloture Senator on their side of the aisle as to the Trade and Development Act of 2000 has to be on the African-CBI trade bill. the time problem and see what Senator known as the African Growth and Op- After that vote occurs, which shouldn’t MURRAY has to say because I feel a lit- portunity Act. be too long from now, we would go to tle funny here. I am protecting Senator I thank Chairman ROTH, Senator the military construction appropria- MURRAY’s desire to do her part early. I MOYNIHAN, and the staffs for their hard tions bill. I assume that Senators who think we could, if the Senator would work to retain the amendment I of- wish to speak on this subject will want agree to do this after Senator MURRAY fered on child labor. This is an impor- to talk with the managers of that speaks, and opening statements are tant piece of legislation not only for MILCON bill, including the Senator made—I wish the Senator would talk the trade benefits it promises to Afri- from Washington on the other side of to her we could agree to that. I pre- can and Caribbean countries, but for the aisle, who has a time problem, and sume it would be about 3:30 this after- the benefits it promises to another im- work something out. I assume you can noon, or so. portant and often neglected group, the get that worked out. Mr. REID. I can’t speak to this. Sen- world’s children. I didn’t know there was a consent ator BOXER would be happy to talk to This bill includes a provision I intro- that had been asked for that would our friend. I think 40 minutes would duced last year in the form of an guarantee that or how long that would probably do it. amendment when we first considered be. And I am not sure the Senator Mr. LOTT. I would like to urge the this trade measure. As many of you will recall, my amendment, cospon- wants to do that until he talks to Sen- Senator to talk to Senator MURRAY sored by Senators HELMS and ator MURRAY to see what her situation and see if that is agreeable with her, is. and to the managers of the bill. WELLSTONE, sought to ensure that Mr. LAUTENBERG. Mr. President, as Mr. LAUTENBERG. We want to ac- beneficiaries of U.S. trade preferences the majority leader knows very well, commodate. I tell the leader that. Per- fulfill their commitments to eliminate there is some dispute on this issue. And haps we can move it along by saying the use of abusive and exploitative I have the floor. I have tried to conduct that after the opening statements by child labor. My amendment passed the Senate by myself as the rules provide. the managers—they introduce their a resounding vote of 96–0. The provision What I am asking the majority lead- managers’ amendment—I then be able contained in this conference report is er now is, if I propound a unanimous to regain the floor for the 40 minutes very simple and straightforward. consent request, I be recognized after about which we are talking. I think It builds on the international con- the vote on the trade bill and that I be that will allow us to move things along sensus that came out of the ILO con- permitted to speak at that time, to re- at a good pace. ference in Geneva last June in which gain the floor. I think it is a reasonable The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. the delegates unanimously adopted the request based on the debate that is ALLARD). Is there objection? Convention to Eliminate the Worst going on now. Otherwise, we are going Without objection, it is so ordered. Forms of Child Labor. to have more delays than we would like Mr. CRAIG. Reserving the right to This provision simply states that in to see. I want to get the African trade object. order to be eligible for the trade bene- bill out of the way. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- fits in this bill, the Generalized System Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I don’t be- ator from Idaho. of Preferences, the Caribbean Basin lieve there has been a unanimous con- Mr. CRAIG. Is that propounded as a Initiatives, the African Trade Pref- sent request propounded. If there is one unanimous-consent request or simply erences, a country must implement its propounded, will the Senator be willing the Senator—— commitments to eliminate the worst to include in that a time period for how The PRESIDING OFFICER. It was. It forms of child labor as established by long it would take? If he takes a couple was a unanimous-consent request. ILO Convention 182 for the Elimination of hours, he has a major problem be- Mr. CRAIG. I object. of the Worst Forms of Child Labor—it cause of his own Member’s schedule. If The PRESIDING OFFICER. Objec- is that simple. he needs 10 minutes, then I think we tion is heard. ILO Convention 182 defines the worst could do that. Mrs. BOXER. Mr. President, it was forms of child labor as all forms of Mr. LAUTENBERG. I have a couple already agreed to. You already said it slavery, debt bondage, forced or com- of requests. I would try to do it in 40 was agreed to. pulsory labor, the sale or trafficking of minutes, and work on even com- The PRESIDING OFFICER. No, the children, including forced or compul- pressing that, I say to the leader—but Senator has the right to reserve the sory recruitment of children for use in 40 minutes maximum. right to object. armed conflict, child prostitution, chil- Mr. HARKIN. Reserving the right to The Senator from New Jersey has the dren producing or trafficking in nar- object, if there is such a thing going on floor. cotic drugs, or any other work which, right now, some of us want to speak. If Mr. LAUTENBERG. Mr. President, I by its nature or the circumstances in I may say, I happen to be in favor of suggest the absence of a quorum. which it is carried out, is likely to the African trade bill. I am willing to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The harm the health, safety, or morals of speak after the vote. I just want to clerk will call the roll. the children. make sure we are allowed to speak on The legislative clerk proceeded to This chart illustrates the ILO Con- the African trade bill. call the roll. vention on the Worst Forms of Child Mr. LOTT. The African trade bill? Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unan- Labor, including child slavery, bond- Why don’t you speak now? imous consent that the order for the age, prostitution, use of children in Mr. HARKIN. I would like to speak quorum call be rescinded. pornography, trafficking in children, now. But I don’t have the floor right The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without forced recruitment in armed conflict, now, and I can’t get the floor. objection, it is so ordered. recruiting children in the production Mr. LAUTENBERG. We can release Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unan- or sale of narcotics, and hazardous the floor, if the leader will give me imous consent Senator LAUTENBERG be work. These are all the items that are consent, and we can move on to the given 30 minutes after the opening covered in the bill before us. business. statements and the managers’ amend- For the first time in history, the Mr. REID. As I understand what the ments are offered on the military con- world will speak with one voice in op- Senator from New Jersey said, he and struction bill, so we can speak on the position to abusive and exploitative the other two speakers would be will- subject about which he has been speak- child labor. Countries from across the ing to agree to a 40-minute time agreeing this morning. political, economic, and religious spec- ment today. Is that the correct way I The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there trum—from Jews to Muslims, from understood the Senator from New Jer- objection? Buddhists to Christians—came to- sey? Without objection, it is so ordered. gether to proclaim unequivocally that

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY May 11, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3865 abusive and exploitative child labor is These children are forced to work Had we notified this plant owner we a practice that will not be tolerated many times with no protective equip- were coming, there would not have and must be abolished. Those are the ment. They endure long hours, as I been one kid in this place. However, we exact words from the convention. said, for little or no pay. They simply came, the guard spoke with this young So after ILO Convention 182 was work only for the economic gain of Nepalese man and let us through the adopted unanimously, gone is the argu- others. They are denied an education gate. We walked down a back alley for ment that abusive and exploitative and the opportunity to grow and to de- about 15 yards, took a turn, and there child labor is an acceptable practice velop. was a building. We went in the door of because of a country’s economic cir- Again, this is in sharp contrast to the building that was all closed up. It cumstances; gone is the argument that any kind of a part-time job after school is Sunday night about 7 o’clock in the abusive and exploitative child labor is for spending money or to buy the latest evening. It is dark and wintertime. acceptable because of cultural tradi- CD. That is not what we are talking We walk in the door and here is what tions; and gone is the argument that about. We are talking about kids work- we saw. This is only one picture, I have this form of child labor is a necessary ing in the worst conditions you can many others. This picture was taken evil on the road to economic develop- imagine. I am not talking about teen- by my staff person. That is me in the ment. agers, I am talking about kids under picture, I wanted to show proof posi- When this convention was adopted the age of 10. tive of what was happening. Here are A lot of times, people will say: Well, and approved, the United States and these kids. You cannot see them be- that is just what you heard. But I have the international community as a cause the camera flash doesn’t go back had firsthand experience and exposure whole laid those arguments to rest and far. There are dozens of kids working to this. laid the groundwork to begin the proc- at these looms. It is nighttime and kids ess of ending the scourge of abusive About 2 years ago, Rosemary Gutier- rez, of my staff, and I traveled to Paki- are working the looms. Since I had this and exploitative child labor. young Nepalese man with me who Additionally, for the first time in stan, India, Nepal, and Bangladesh to investigate and look at the issue of spoke Nepalese, they were talking. The history, the U.S. tripartite group of the kids were very nervous but I talked to ILO, which consists of representatives abusive and exploitative child labor. We were in Katmandu, Nepal. We had this young child and the best we could from government, business, and labor, determine he is 7 years old. We talked unanimously agreed on the final previously been told of a young man who had worked as a child laborer for to this young girl shown in another version of the convention. This is the picture and determined she was eight first time in history this has happened. a number of years. He escaped, and through various and sundry means he or nine years old. Remember, this is in For the first time ever in our history, the evening, they have been working the legislation we have before us—the became involved actively in working against child labor in his home country all day in this closed building. I didn’t African trade bill—will codify in U.S. know it at the time, but when you trade law a simple notion: If you want of Nepal. Through various contacts, we con- make these carpets, all the dust gets in the trade benefits outlined in this bill, tacted this young man and asked him the air; the place is dusty, anyone can you must implement commitments on if there was any way possible we could see all the fine particles and the chil- abusive and exploitative child labor get in to see a carpet weaving facility dren have no protective gear whatever. into which your country has freely en- where kids are working. We saw this firsthand. tered. As others told us, the problem is, if To finish my story, it turned out the Let me be clear. What I mean by abu- you let a factory owner know you are owner was not gone. After we had been sive and exploitative child labor is not coming to inspect, or to visit, they there for about 10 minutes, the owner a kid helping on the family farm. It is take all of the kids out the back door. shows up and, of course, he is beside not a kid doing work after school. They hide them. They disperse them himself. I told him who we were and he There is nothing wrong with that. I around. When you get there, there are asked us—not politely—to get out. Of worked in my youth. I bet you prob- no kids. They do this all the time. course, we left—but not until we had ably did too, Mr. President, as all of us So the only way we could ever get a the documented proof with photos. As I did. That is not what we are speaking feel for what was going on was to sur- said, this is only one of many that I about. reptitiously and under cover try to have. My staff person and a couple of The Convention the ILO adopted last enter one of these places. That is what year deals with children chained to other people were there to witness the my staff person, Rosemary Gutierrez, kids, kids taken away from their coun- looms, who handle dangerous chemi- and I did with this young man from cals, ingest metal dust, are forced to tryside families. There was a barracks Nepal. nearby where they live. They eat their sell illegal drugs, are forced into child We got in an unmarked car. It was on prostitution, are forced into armed meals there, they sleep there, they a Sunday evening. He knew about this work here. This is maybe 50 or 100 feet conflict, are forced to work in factories one plant on the outskirts of town where furnace temperatures exceed away from the barracks in a compound where he knew one of the guards at the which they cannot leave. 1,500 degrees. It deals with children gate. He thought he had found out the Tell me they are not slaves. They who are forced to work to pay off their owner of this factory was going to be have no right to leave, they have no parents’ debts in a form of bondage gone. He knew the guard at the gate right to go home, they have no one pro- that deserves to be called what it is, through I don’t know what cir- outright slavery. cumstances. He assured us, if he went tecting them. They are kept locked in According to the ILO, Latin America out there, he would be able to sneak us a compound day and night, forced to and the Caribbean has about 17 million in so we could see firsthand. work on these looms. Please, someone children doing this type of work, Africa Imagine, we are in this unmarked tell me that this ought to be tolerated has about 80 million children, Asia has car. My staff person, Rosemary Gutier- in free trade. about 153 million, and there are about rez, and another person, about five of This legislation before the Senate, a half million in Oceania. That totals us, I think, were cramped in this small, the African trade bill, contains this about 250 million children worldwide unmarked car. We drive out to this provision that says from now on, no who are working—most full time. Mil- place on the edge of town, darkness has trade preferences to any country that lions of these kids are under 10 years of fallen. We walk up to this gate with an doesn’t implement what is already age. Some are as young as 6 or 7. armed guard. agreed to, implement the provisions of Can you imagine your first-grade son What is the first thing we see? A sign ILO 182. or daughter, or your first-grade grand- in both Nepalese and English. I took a Our goal is not to enact punitive son or granddaughter, working 12 to 14 picture of it. This is my picture. It sanctions on our trading partners. We hours a day in horrific conditions mak- says: Child labor under the age of 14 is are trying to use trade to help them ing just pennies a day, if anything? Can strictly prohibited. Right there in emerge from poverty. Rather, it is to anyone say this is acceptable for any front of the gate. It is in English and encourage and persuade them to build child anywhere in the world? Nepalese. on the prosperity that comes with

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S3866 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 11, 2000 trade and to lift their standards up. Ex- are working under slave-like condi- come integral parts of our trade agree- ploitative child labor in other coun- tions, and they do not have a choice. ments. tries does a couple of things. First, it That is the definition of slavery. Now I understand the WTO, the puts competing firms and workers at a When a child is exploited for the eco- World Trade Organization, will con- disadvantage in the United States and nomic gain of others, that child loses, sider rules dealing with foreign direct other countries that do not allow child their family loses, their country loses, investment and competition policy to labor. This legislation before the Sen- and the world loses. It is bad economics be part of trade agreements. If we can ate codifies for the first time ever in and bad development strategy. Nations protect a song, if we can protect a CD, U.S. trade legislation the requirement that engage in abusive child labor certainly we can protect children. that countries who wish to benefit make bad trading partners. We cannot, as a nation, ignore this. from trade preferences must actually A nation cannot achieve prosperity In 1993, the Senate put itself on record do what they have already committed on the backs of its children. There is in opposition to the exploitation of to do, and that is to eliminate the simply no place in the new global econ- children by passing a sense-of-the-Sen- worst forms of child labor. omy for the slave labor of children. ate resolution that I submitted. In 1994, Additionally, the Department of Again, I point out, this is the kind of as chairman of the Appropriations Sub- Labor will produce an annual report on work we are talking about. This is 8- committee on Labor, Health and what countries are doing in order to year-old Mohammad Ashraf Irfan, Human Services, I requested the De- live up to their commitments to elimi- making surgical instruments in partment of Labor to begin a series of nate child labor. Furthermore, there Sialkot, Pakistan. He is working with reports on child labor. These reports will be a public hearing annually so dangerous tools and he is making sur- now consist of five volumes with a that nongovernmental organizations, gical equipment. If you are going to go sixth to be released in a few days. They trade unions, and businesses will have into a hospital and have an operation, represent the most comprehensive doc- an opportunity to comment. No longer you are probably going to have one of umentation ever assembled by the U.S. will it be sufficient for a country to be these used on you, made by an 8-year- Government on this issue. Last year, President Clinton issued merely ‘‘taking steps’’ to address one old kid with no hope for his future. an Executive Order prohibiting the or more of the internationally recog- Here is a young Indian girl carrying U.S. Government from procuring items nized core labor standards to be construction material. This is the kind made by forced or indentured child deemed eligible for preferences under of abusive and exploitative child labor labor. I congratulate President Clinton GSP or under the African Caribbean we are talking about. Recently, I came across a startling for taking that step. Trade Act. I am also pleased to say that the Once the President signs this bill statistic. According to the UNICEF re- United States was one of the very first into law, a country’s efforts to elimi- port entitled ‘‘The State of the World’s countries to ratify ILO Convention 182. Children, 1999,’’ nearly 1 billion people nate the worse forms of child labor will We did it in near record time, and will begin this 21st century unable to be a mandatory consideration for de- President Clinton signed this. I was read a book or sign their name because termining eligibility for trade benefits. there in Seattle at the WTO conference they are illiterate. This is a formula This is, indeed, an important develop- last December. Again, I compliment for instability, violence, and conflict. ment. In the past, the U.S. Trade Rep- and commend President Clinton for his Nearly one-sixth of all humanity, 31⁄2 resentative, in its implementation and bold action in signing this, the U.S. times the population of the United enforcement of the generalized system being one of the first countries to sign States, will be functionally illiterate of preferences, I believe, has abused the on to ILO Convention 182. language in the statute calling for tak- on the eve of the new millennium. That I also compliment and commend the ing steps to afford worker rights, in- is shocking. And the main reason for chairman of the Foreign Relations cluding child labor. The USTR has in- this appalling situation is that many of Committee, Chairman HELMS, for not terpreted that as any one gesture made these people who are adults now were only cosponsoring my amendment but by a country would be enough to sat- forced to work as children instead of also for his work in getting the ILO isfy the requirements of the general- attending school. convention through his committee and ized system of preferences. The children making pennies a day through the Senate in record time last In other words, there is a list of five and denied an education will never buy year. Chairman HELMS did a great serv- internationally recognized workers’ a computer or the software for it. They ice to this effort to eliminate these rights provisions: the right of associa- will never purchase a CD or a VCR to worst forms of child labor around the tion; the right to organize and bargain play American movies. By allowing world. I commend Chairman HELMS for collectively; a prohibition on the use of abusive and exploitative labor to con- his leadership in this area. any form of forced or compulsory tinue, we not only doom the child to a I am not just talking about the rati- labor; a minimum age for the employ- future of poverty and destitution, we fication. I am talking about the stand- ment of children; and acceptable condi- doom future markets for American ards that were established by this con- tions of work with respect to minimum goods and services. vention that were unanimously accept- wages, hours of work, and occupational The markets of tomorrow are taking ed in Geneva. There was not one vote safety and health. shape today. If we want American against it. As I said, the Tripartite Ad- If a country previously had taken a goods to be purchased the world over, visory Panel on International Labor step in any one of those areas, they people not only have to be able to af- Standards says the United States al- would get GSP. If they had the right of ford them, they have to be educated ready meets the standards set by this association but still had children work- enough to be able to use them. convention. ing they could get GSP. This is wrong. Some have said labor issues should Last, some say this is a restraint of Now, after 15 years, we have a uni- not be dealt with in trade measures. I trade. Nonsense. We already have laws versal standard. ILO Convention 182 is think this is wrongheaded thinking. We on our books that prohibit the impor- a well-defined and internationally ac- should be addressing these issues on tation of ivory. We have laws on our cepted standard that will be the cri- trade measures. After all, we are ulti- books that prohibit the importation of terion used in granting any country mately talking about our trade policy. goods made with prison labor. We have U.S. trade benefits. ILO Convention 182 Not long ago, agreements on intellec- laws on our books that prohibit the im- will hold everyone to one real and en- tual property rights were not consid- portation of counterfeit goods that forceable standard already agreed to by ered measures to be addressed by trade don’t respect intellectual property 174 countries. agreements. In the beginning, just a rights such as pirated CDs. Again, if we I believe in free trade. But I also be- few years ago, only tariffs and quotas can protect ivory and pirated CDs, we lieve in a level playing field. U.S. were addressed by GATT because they can protect. I am pleased the United workers, workers in other countries, were the most visible trade-distorting States has taken a major step forward cannot compete with slaves. Call it practices. But over the years, GATT with this trade bill. We are sending a what you want, dress it up with all evolved to include intellectual prop- strong message to our trading part- kinds of fancy words, but these kids erty rights and services which have be- ners. There is no place in the global

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY May 11, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3867 economy for countries engaging in abu- cess Program’’ for textile and apparel Mr. GRASSLEY. That is correct. sive and exploitative child labor. articles from the Caribbean and Ande- Mr. COVERDELL. I would like to I am hopeful my colleagues will sup- an Trade Preference Act countries. The thank my colleague for his time and port this conference report with an report, in fact, expressly cites the Fed- attention to these important ques- overwhelming vote. I believe this eral Register notice dated April 3, 1998, tions. measure will give hundreds of thou- that sets out the rules that the Com- NON-ACCRUAL EXPERIENCE METHOD OF sands of children hope for a brighter fu- mittee intended would apply. The lan- ACCOUNTING ture. As someone who has been work- guage of the reports then restates the Mr. ROBB. Mr. President, I would ing on this issue of abusive and exploit- language of the Federal Register no- like to join my distinguished colleague ative child labor for over a decade, I tice, concluding that the requirements from Tennessee in a colloquy with the cannot help but feel proud the United that products must be assembled from distinguished Managers of this legisla- States has spoken in such a clear and fabric formed in the United States ap- tion, the Trade and Development Act unequivocal voice that engaging chil- plies to all textile components of the of 2000. dren in this type of slave labor will not assembled products, including linings Mr. THOMPSON. Mr. President, my and pocketing. be tolerated in our trade policy. distinguished colleague from Virginia Mr. COVERDELL. When the Act re- I yield the floor. and I direct the distinguished Man- quires yarn to be ‘‘wholly formed’’ in TEXTILES AND APPAREL PROVISIONS agers to a matter that relates to a rev- Mr. COVERDELL. Mr. President, sec- the United States, am I correct that the intention of the managers is to re- enue raising provision that was consid- tions 112 and 211 of the act will create ered in the conference on the Trade and new import programs for apparel pro- quire that all processes necessary to convert fibers into yarns—i.e., spin- Development Act of 2000, but ulti- duced in the Sub-Saharan and CBI mately was not included in the final countries which have been carefully ning, extruding—be performed in the United States? agreement. The revenue raising provi- crafted to bring significant benefits sion limited the non-accrual experience both to those regions and to the U.S. Mr. GRASSLEY. That is correct. While the fibers need not be manufac- method of accounting. textile and apparel industry if the new The related matter is the application programs are administered as intended. tured in the United States, let me be clear that it is the managers’ intent of the formula in the Treasury Regula- These programs could, however, fail to tions on the non-accrual experience provide the intended benefits if they that the man-made core of a wrapped yarn must originate in the United method of accounting to qualified per- are not administered as intended. sonal service providers. Obviously, the intent of the Senate States and that all mechanical proc- The formula contained in Temp. Reg. managers in crafting the textile and esses necessary to convey fibers into Section 1.448–2T does not clearly re- apparel provisions in sections 112 and yarns must be performed in the United flect the amount of income that, based 211 is very important, and is worth dis- States. Mr. COVERDELL. I understand that on experience, will not be collected by cussing in some detail as we consider it is the managers’ intent that under many qualified personal service pro- the conference agreement today. the Caribbean Basin portion of the Act, viders, especially for those where sig- I would now ask my distinguished an apparel article containing elas- nificant time elapses between the ren- colleague from Iowa, Senator GRASS- tomeric yarns, including elestomeric dering of the service and a final deter- LEY, if it is his understanding that the filament yarns, shall be eligible for the mination that the account will not be conference agreement adopted the op- de minimis rule set forth in section 211 collected. Providers of qualified per- erative provisions of the Senate bill only if such yarns, whether covered or sonal services should not be subject to commonly referred to as ‘‘807A’’ and uncovered, are wholly formed in the a formula that requires the payment of ‘‘809’’ with respect to both Africa and United States. taxes on receivables that will not be the Caribbean Basin, provisions which Mr. GRASSLEY. The Senator is cor- collected. afford duty-free and quota-free treat- rect. To this end, we believe the Treasury ment to apparel articles made from Mr. COVERDELL. Now, with respect American fabric. Secretary should amend the temporary to the provisions of the Africa and Car- regulations to provide a more accurate Mr. GRASSLEY. The Senator is cor- ibbean Basin programs that deal with rect. determination for such qualified per- fabric or yarn not widely available in sonal service providers of the amount Mr. COVERDELL. If the distin- commercial quantities, am I correct guished Senator from Iowa would in- to be excluded from income that, based that it is the intent of the managers on the taxpayer’s experience, will not dulge me further, with regard to the that these provisions should be admin- provisions popularly referred as ‘‘807A’’ be collected. In amending such regula- istered in the same manner, as prac- tions, the Secretary should consider and ‘‘809’’ in both the Caribbean Basin ticable, as the short supply procedures and Africa trade measures, do I under- providing flexibility with respect to in the NAFTA? the formula used to compute the stand correctly that the conference Mr. GRASSLEY. That is the case. agreement adopted the operative lan- Mr. COVERDELL. With respect to amount of the exclusion to address the guage of these provisions as reported the so-called ‘‘809’’ benefits the Africa different factual situations of tax- out of the Committee on Finance. and CBI programs, is it the intent of payers. Mr. GRASSLEY. The Senator is cor- managers that apparel articles remain Do the distinguished Managers agree rect. eligible for duty-free and quota-free with our view of the temporary regula- Mr. COVERDELL. Is my under- treatment when the fabric is cut both tions and the action the Treasury Sec- standing correct that those provisions, in the United States and the bene- retary should take? as reported out by the Finance Com- ficiary countries? Mr. GRASSLEY. I agree with distin- mittee and passed by the Senate, re- Mr. GRASSLEY. That is correct, pro- guished colleagues from Tennessee and quired that all textile components of vided that all the other requirements Virginia that Temp. Reg. Section 1.448– such apparel articles be made from of both the 807A and 809 provisions are 2T presents problems for qualified serv- American fabric? satisfied. This includes the require- ice providers. Furthermore, the Treas- Mr. GRASSLEY. The Senator is cor- ment that U.S. thread be used in the ury Secretary should consider amend- rect. The Finance Committee reported assembly of the apparel article. ing these temporary regulations to pro- out the Africa and Caribbean Basin Mr. COVERDELL. I have one final vide a more accurate method. measures separately. The committee question regarding the so-called 809 Mr. MOYNIHAN. I concur with my reports on each of those measure ad- provisions of both the Africa and Carib- distinguished colleagues from Iowa. dresses this issue explicitly. The re- bean Basin measures. Am I correct Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, S. 434, the ports make clear that those provisions that it is the managers’ intent that Trade and Development Act of 2000 commonly referred to as ‘‘807A’’ and these provisions do not permit dying or Conference Report breaks important ‘‘809’’ are to be administered in a man- finishing of the fabrics to be performed new ground in trade legislation. For ner consistent with the then-current in countries other than the United the first time, in exchange for granting regulations regarding the ‘‘Special Ac- States or the beneficiary countries? unilateral trade benefits to a country,

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I believe passage sage of the Trade and Development Act ation to whether a country has met of this legislation is important to ce- of 2000. both trade criteria and labor standards. ment what has become the broad, bi- No one can look upon the scenes of For example, before the favorable partisan consensus of this body: trade human suffering in Africa today with- trade benefits available in this legisla- is a key factor in raising living stand- out recognizing the need for action. tion can be granted, the President ards in developing countries, and is of Whether it is the AIDS epidemic or the must determine not only that a coun- primary importance in exporting to violence in Sierra Leone, the floods in try has demonstrated a commitment to those countries key American values of Mozambique or the unacceptably slow undertaking its WTO obligations on or human rights, democratization, peace progress toward democratization, Afri- ahead of schedule, and the extent to and stability. ca challenges the conscience—and which a country provides protection of Mr. President, in supporting this leg- threatens the health and security—of intellectual property rights, but also islation I do not suggest that trade the rest of the world. the extent to which the country pro- alone is a panacea for the many dif- We must respond. vides internationally recognized work- ficulties in developing countries. Sim- The bill before us today offers an ini- er rights. ply opening the door to trade with Af- tial response to the many inter- Mr. President, I am pleased the Con- rican countries will not enable many of connected problems on the African conference Report retained the Levin- these countries to enter the inter- tinent. I agree with the basic premise Moynihan amendment requiring the national community of developed na- of the bill, that promoting sustainable President to take into consideration tions. Many countries in Africa simply economic growth, led by more open ac- the extent to which a country provides lack the basic health, education and cess to American markets, must be a internationally recognized worker economic infrastructures to take ad- key element in any strategy for Africa. And I must add here, Mr. President, rights, including child labor, collective vantage of the benefits this legislation that it is time for us to provide similar bargaining, the use of forced or coerced provides. labor, occupational health and safety Trade and investment initiatives for market openings to the nations of the Caribbean, who have faced a real dis- and labor standards before the trade Africa will not succeed without sub- advantage since the passage of NAFTA. benefit can be granted to a Caribbean stantial investments in developing Af- But I will focus my brief remarks Basin beneficiary country. rica’s human resources. today on Africa, because when the leg- The Levin-Moynihan provision sets For those sub-Saharan African coun- islation before us today was initially an important precedent of promoting tries who labor under a crippling debt proposed, it offered us the opportunity standards on such things as child labor, burden, some measure must be taken to formulate a comprehensive policy collective bargaining, use of forced or to assist them to break free from reli- for Africa. At the end of the day, I am coerced labor, occupational health and ance on debt provided by donor coun- afraid that what remains is only a first safety and other worker rights as part tries. Debt relief should be the highest step. of our trade relationships by consid- priority of donor countries, including Mr. President, compared to the ering progress toward those goals when the United States, seeking to promote crushing problems facing the peoples of unilaterally granting a trade benefit. African economic development. Africa, this bill is really very modest Most CBI countries are signatories of This legislation should therefore be in terms of what it offers African coun- the International Labor Organization hailed not as an end in itself, but as a tries in terms of duty free exports to conventions. Considering the extent to good beginning to a longer-term policy the United States. which these countries abide by their which, under U.S. leadership, begins to While opening our markets must be own international obligations is the draw Africa more closely into the glob- part of any program of economic as- least we can do when considering al community. We need to begin now to sistance for Africa, we should not mis- whether they deserve to receive unilat- ensure that U.S. policy will do more to take this bill for a complete policy. eral trade preferences from us. promote regional economic coopera- It may be that this bill has more The bill is further strengthened by tion and integration in Africa; U.S. symbolic value, as evidence of renewed another important precedent setting Policymakers, including those in this interest in Africa, than any material provision. The Conference Report also body, should undertake broader and impact on the many difficult and inter- retained the Harkin amendment on more regular consultation with Afri- connected problems facing economic Child Labor. As a result, this legisla- ca’s governmental, non-governmental development there. Certainly, we tion, for first time, codifies in U.S. and private sector leadership, and we should not let this bill become an ex- trade law ILO convention language on should ensure that the eligibility cuse for self-congratulation or compla- Child Labor by amending the Tariff standards contained in this legislation cency. Act of 1930 to clarify that the ban on carefully account for differing levels of Some provisions, however, I hope will articles made with forced and/or inden- development. To that end, we should be enable the United States government tured labor includes those articles careful not to rely too closely on condi- to enhance its trade and investment re- made with forced and/or indentured tions such as those employed by the lationship with countries in Sub-Saha- child labor. It also, for the first time, International Monetary Fund in apply- ran Africa. The conference report di- conditions U.S. trade benefits on meeting eligibility standards under this leg- rects the Administration to convene an ing child labor standards by adding a islation. annual trade and economic forum with new eligibility criterion to the Gener- Mr. President, the importance of this the trade ministers of African coun- alized System of Preferences, which legislation is both its historic signifi- tries. The key here is that in order to also apply to the eligibility criteria cance as the first major piece of trade expand trade and investment, there under the African Growth and Oppor- legislation in twelve years and its prec- must be a climate within African coun- tunity Act, to provide that the Presi- edential significance in marking the tries which create investor confidence. dent shall not designate a country for importance of trade benefits as a ‘‘car- I believe that open, face to face dia- benefits if it has not implemented its rot’’ and not a ‘‘stick’’ to bring inter- logue with African Trade Ministers is obligations to eliminate the worst national social and living standards in vital if the United States is going to forms of child labor. developing standards more close to get its message across about issues I hope this legislation will help to international norms. such as the importance of trans- bring about greater economic develop- Rather than holding this legislation parency, and the guarantee of timely ment and democracy to the important hostage to concerns which can and remedy to disputes through a judicial regions of Sub-Saharan Africa and the must be addressed in the longer-term. I process that is open and fair. Caribbean. Because of this hope, and would urge my colleagues to take this In addition, the report increases the because of the provisions I have men- first step on the road of a broader, number of foreign commercial service tioned above, I will vote for this bill. more sensible policy toward the devel- officers. Currently, we have fewer than Mr. MURKOWSKI. Mr. President, I oping world, and pass this legislation. 10 such officers for the more than forty rise today in support of the conference Mr. BIDEN. Mr. President, it is with countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Clear- report to H.R. 434, the Africa Growth mixed feelings that I will vote for pas- ly this is inadequate. These officers are

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY May 11, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3869 responsible for identifying opportuni- tions of the world. The nations of Sub- after more than three years of delibera- ties for small to medium U.S. busi- Saharan Africa will be among the chief tion and negotiation. The long and ar- nesses to export their goods and serv- beneficiaries of that program. duous task of attaining agreements be- ices to African countries, as well as I am glad to see that, with passage of tween U.S. industry and their counter- providing information on economic this legislation, that Congress stands parts in Africa and the Caribbean, as conditions and investment climate fac- behind this debt relief program. I hope well as assuring that the various trade tors which enable them to make better that the Appropriations Committee interests from all sides were accommo- decisions on where and when to invest. will soon provide the funds for us to dated, is a task that should be com- One of the most glaring weaknesses put some money behind those senti- mended. of this legislation, Mr. President, is ments, and that the Banking Com- As we continue to prosper and ad- that it does not adequately address the mittee will quickly conclude its work vance in this expanding and ever HIV/AIDS crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa, on the remaining authorization needed changing world economy, it is essential so eloquently described by Senator to put the debt relief program into mo- that the United States reach out to all FEINSTEIN and Senator FEINGOLD yes- tion. regions of the globe. By unilaterally terday in their moving statements. In the end, while I understand and expanding access to U.S. markets, sub- Some of my colleagues do not believe sympathize with some of the com- Saharan nations and the Caribbean will that a trade bill should attempt to plaints raised by those who will vote be afforded new trade and investment speak to the issue of HIV/AIDS. I be- against the bill, I prefer to see this policies that will propel these regions lieve that we are talking about a dis- glass as half full. But this is still a into 21st Century trade practices. ease that is so virulent, so deadly and pretty small glass, Mr. President. Trade with the United States does so pernicious that any plan for eco- ∑ Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, in imply that certain practices be insti- nomic development in Africa will in- my absence I would like to submit this tuted and embraced by participating evitably fail if this epidemic is not con- statement for the RECORD. As you nations. This bill promotes the estab- tained. know, I make every effort not to miss lishment and development of free-mar- If only because of the very real votes in the Senate, and would not do ket economies, insists on human rights threat that this epidemic carries for so but for the fact that there is cur- standards, and champions democratic our own health and security, Congress rently a massive wildfire that is raging and economic principles, the U.S. ex- must take any and all opportunity we out of control in my state. At this time pects from our trading partners. have to provide help to this region in a substantial number of homes have From textiles and apparel, to agri- fighting this dreaded disease. been destroyed or damaged, with more culture and specialty goods, not only That is why, Mr. President, I was ex- surely to follow. And there is no end in does the United States stand to prosper tremely disappointed that the Fein- sight. Thousands of New Mexicans have from this trade agreement, but, so too stein-Feingold amendment to the Sen- had to leave their homes in Los Alamos do the sub-Saharan and Caribbean na- ate bill was dropped without any provi- and White Rock, and if the conditions tions. While some have argued that sion put in its place which would offer stay the same there, many more will be U.S. companies could be harmed by ex- effective assistance to Africans as they leaving in other communities. This is a panded trade with these regions, strin- fight this deadly disease. uniquely catastrophic situation, and I gent requirements regarding the trans- In March, the Foreign Relations apologize for not being able to cast my shipment of goods have been incor- Committee unanimously passed an au- vote. porated into the legislation. In addi- thorization bill which provided $300 But since I cannot be here today, I tion, the bill includes a provision that million dollars for a program—based on want to submit for the record that if I enables the U.S. Customs Service to as- work by Senators FRIST and KERRY—of was here I would have voted in the af- sist these countries with illegal trans- vaccines to fight the spread of HIV/ firmative for the Africa/Caribbean shipments. AIDS. Basin Initiative Trade Bill. There has While I am somewhat disappointed Although the conference on the bill been considerable debate over this bill, that the bill no longer includes the re- before us today was conducted under and I have carefully considered the authorization of Trade Adjustment As- the jurisdiction of the Finance and issues involved. I agree with my col- sistance and the Generalized System of Ways and Means Committees, it de- leagues that this is not a perfect bill— Preferences, the crux of the bill, its inclined to take action on the tax credits questions concerning labor rights, tent, and its long-term impact on trade for vaccine research, production, and human rights, corporate investment, with sub-Saharan Africa and the Carib- distribution that would have com- the environment, transshipments, and bean make it well worthy of passage. plemented those steps we took in the so on linger, and they will do so until In addition, my home State of Wash- Foreign Relations Committee. the provisions of the bill are imple- ington, the most trade dependent state That was another opportunity lost, mented over time. But I am convinced in the nation, naturally stands to gain Mr. President, and another reason why that over the long run it begins a proc- from increased trade. the celebration over passage of this bill ess that offers real hope for Africa, the Again, I reiterate my support for the should be muted, at best. Caribbean Basin, and the people who legislation and its far-reaching intent. I see some hope in today’s Wall live in those regions. So while I am not With such a broad base of advocates Street Journal, which reports that sev- present today, I state for the RECORD vying for its passage, not to mention eral major drug companies have an- that I feel this is the right step to the partnerships in trade this legisla- nounced plans to cut the cost of AIDS take. An initial step to be sure, but tion creates for the United States, this drugs in the developing world. I hope definitely the right one.∑ measure deserves our support and swift we will see some real results following Mr. GORTON. Mr. President, more approval. from this announcement. Voluntary than 6 months ago I signified my sup- Mr. REED. Mr. President, I rise action of this sort can and should be port for the African Growth and Oppor- today to express my concerns with the part of any comprehensive plan to ad- tunity Act and the Caribbean Basin legislation before us. dress this crisis of historic proportions. Initiative when it came to the Senate While I support the intent of this leg- This conference report also states floor for a vote. Today, I stand again islation, increasing trade between Afri- that it is the sense of the Congress that with a bipartisan collection of my col- ca and the U.S., I will not be able to the nations of Sub-Saharan Africa leagues, a broad base of industry, faith- lend it my support. should receive substantial debt relief. based and religious groups, a variety of This is in no way a comment on ei- I must point out that the Foreign Re- free trade advocates, and supporters ther Chairman ROTH or Senator MOY- lations Committee has passed author- from the sub-Saharan African nations NIHAN. They have done yeoman’s work izations for the use of the proceeds of and the Caribbean to advocate for swift on this legislation, which has been a gold revaluations at the IMF as well as passage of this legislation. longtime priority for them both. the U.S. share of the trust fund that To begin, Senators ROTH and MOY- Mr. President, my objection to this will be set up for the new, enhanced NIHAN should be applauded for pro- legislation is what it includes, and debt relief program for the poorest na- ducing and delivering this legislation what it excludes.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00013 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S3870 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 11, 2000 The legislation includes provisions would add that most of our trading one of the largest economic markets in which are a less than comprehensive partners have similar standards. the world. According to the U.S. De- approach to establishing mutually ben- It was with the above in mind that I partment of Commerce, my own home eficial trade relations with Africa. In was pleased to work with the Chairman state of Ohio was the tenth largest ex- addition, I have heard from Rhode Is- and Senator MOYNIHAN to develop a porting state to the region, with $148 land textile manufacturers who remain sensible amendment to increase the million in exports in 1998. Although concerned with the textile provisions amount of imported jewelry that had U.S. exports to Africa are more than 45 in this legislation, specifically the less to be permanently marked. However, I percent greater than U.S. exports to all than perfect transhipment elements. would point out that this language was the countries of the former Soviet Lastly, the legislation only includes a also consistent with all trade laws and Union, this export market still rep- study of the effectiveness of Trade Ad- created no bar to the flow of imported resents only about one percent of our justment Assistance, even though the jewelry. Moreover, the amendment did nation’s total trade. Senate bill reauthorized and strength- no more than establish marking re- It is time that we establish a new ened TAA for workers and businesses quirement parity between non-precious economic framework on which we can adversely affected by international jewelry and Native American style jew- build increased trade with Africa. The trade. elry. And, lastly I am hard pressed to Africa Growth and Opportunity Act es- On the other hand, the conference re- see how changing the method by which tablishes just such a framework by en- port excludes an amendment which is a product is marked leads to any in- couraging increased trade and invest- important to our country’s jewelry creased costs for foreign manufactur- ment by reducing trade barriers. ers, since under the current country of manufacturers as well as Senator FEIN- Mr. President, as I said earlier, the origin system all products are legally GOLD’s and Senator FEINSTEIN’s amend- legislation before us today, not only af- required to be marked in some fashion. ment on HIV/AIDS treatment in Afri- fects African nations, but also those can nations. Unfortunately, the House cavalierly dismissed the concerns of Rhode Island, within our own hemisphere through Last year, with the support of Chair- the Caribbean Basin Initiative. man ROTH and Senator MOYNIHAN, the Massachusetts, New York, and Cali- fornia jewelry makers for reasons of ei- Over the last decade, the United Senate adopted a common sense States has played a vital role in the amendment to the Africa Growth and ther ignorance or animosity to change. I want to stress that I appreciate and spread of democracy and the growth of Opportunity Act to improve country of free enterprise throughout the Western origin marking requirements for cer- recognize the time that the Chairman, Senator MOYNIHAN and their staffs put Hemisphere. Today, every nation in tain types of imported jewelry. our hemisphere—except Cuba—has Now, improving the country of origin into this seemingly non-controversial moved toward establishing a demo- marking requirements for jewelry may provision. While the legislation before us does cratic government and is opening their seem like a modest proposal, but it not contain this common-sense amend- economies to free trade. Democratic took many years to develop a comment, I want to assure my colleagues elections have become the norm—not promise on this issue that would pass here and in the other body, as well as the exception—and hemispheric trade the Senate. the thousands of hard-working men integration is a common goal. To give a sense of how long it took, and women of the domestic jewelry in- I first introduced this legislation in To further consolidate democracies dustry, that I will continue to pursue 1996 as a member of the other chamber, and economic gains in the region, we this issue and utilize all of the Senate’s when members of our struggling do- must move forward to integrate eco- prerogatives to enact this legislation. mestic jewelry manufacturing industry nomically with our neighboring coun- Thank you. tries. The Caribbean Basin Trade En- came to me with a desire to see perma- Mr. DEWINE. Mr. President, I rise nent country of origin markings on im- hancement Act is part of our effort to today in support of the conference re- consolidate democracy and economic ports. port to the Africa Growth and Oppor- These small businesses told me that stability in our hemisphere. This Act tunity Act. This legislation contains would bring tremendous benefits to the all too often the stickers or tags meant important measures that not only will to inform consumers where a product United States and to the Caribbean help spur the economies of developing Basin. It would enhance our economic was made, fell off, were obscured by nations in Sub-Saharan Africa and the price tags, or in some cases were sim- security, both by opening new markets Caribbean Basin, but also will for American products and by strength- ply removed. Customs officials in strengthen our ability to retaliate Rhode Island also acknowledged that ening the economies of our closest against countries who refuse to comply neighbors. And, it would create new there was a problem with the marking with WTO trade decisions won by the regime on imported jewelry. hope for those left jobless by Hurri- United States. canes Mitch and George. Most importantly, I found that the Sub-Saharan Africa is enmeshed in The CBI enhancement legislation same concern on the part of domestic great economic, human, and political would extend duty-free treatment to makers of Native American style jew- turmoil. The countries of this region elry had been addressed as part of the are among the poorest in the world. apparel assembled in the Carribean 1988 trade bill. It is upon this common The per capita income averages less Basin (or assembled and cut in the re- sense law that I based my legislation. than $500 annually, and the average life gion) using U.S. fabric made from U.S. Mr. President, as a general rule, the expectancy is the world’s shortest. We yarn. This would help strengthen exist- United States requires all imported have all seen pictures of the desperate ing U.S.-CBI partnerships in the ap- products to display in the most perma- conditions—images of starving babies, parel industry, because the duty-free nent manner possible the nation where homeless families, and needless blood- treatment will help U.S. apparel manu- they were made. One only has to look shed seem to be everywhere. And, just facturers maintain their competitive- at a watch, clothing, computers, tele- today, news stories about the situation ness with the Asian market. visions, scissors, books, toys, and al- in Sierra Leone and Zimbabwe remind The CBI enhancement also would most every other product to see that us of how truly bleak life in Africa can take steps toward creating a Free its country of origin is conspicuously be. Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA), by and permanently marked so consumers But, Mr. President, despite the promoting the anti-corruption and pro- know where a product was manufac- killings, despite the political unrest, tection of intellectual property, as well tured. despite the poverty—the future offers as other forms of cooperation with The existence of these marking re- the people of Africa great opportunities matters such as counter-narcotics pro- quirements is not due to some nefar- for increased trade and investment— grams. Specifically, the legislation ious protectionist urge, rather it is opportunities that can restore hope would link CBI benefits more explicitly simply a tool to provide consumers and bring about positive change on the to the fulfillment of specific obliga- with information and help Customs of- Continent. tions in beneficiary countries in such ficials easily recognize imports for the With a population of more than 700 areas as WTO compliance, intellectual purposes of tariff classification. I million, Sub-Saharan Africa represents property rights, investment protection,

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00014 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY May 11, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3871 market access, worker rights, nar- and fair trade. American farmers and Bank to promote investment in Africa. cotics enforcement, corruption, gov- agribusiness, for example, are major Greater American investment in Africa ernment procurement, customs valu- net exporters, posting exports of more creates greater exposure to American ation and comparable tariff treatment. than $57 billion in 1997. Of the nearly 50 political, economic, labor and environ- Mr. President, trade integration will complaints filed by the United States mental principles. Provisions of this occur in this hemisphere, whether or in the WTO, almost 30 percent involved legislation also welcome the people of not we are a part of it. So, it is in our agriculture. If a country or countries Albania and Kyrgyzstan into the international interest to shape that integra- fail to comply with WTO rulings, national economy, which I believe is tion process by bringing more coun- American agriculture and other U.S. beneficial to American interests. Fi- tries into bilateral and multilateral sectors in need of trade relief will suf- nally, I am glad that this legislation trade agreements with the United fer greatly. includes a provision to prohibit the im- States. If we fail to seize trade oppor- It’s time to fight back. While car- portation of products made from child tunities in Africa and within our own ousel retaliation is tough, it is the labor into the United States. This bar- hemisphere, others will take our place right response to chronic non-compli- baric practice is a relic of earlier, less of leadership. No country is waiting for ance with WTO rulings. It is the kind enlightened times that should be extin- us to act first. In the end, the longer of response that will do more to en- guished. we wait, the more we stand to lose. courage compliance with WTO rules, It is unconscionable that the con- And speaking of losing, currently, giving Ohio’s farmers and businesses ference dropped a provision that would our nation continues to be injured by the level-playing field they deserve. have made HIV/AIDS medicine more the refusal of the European Union (EU) Overall, Mr. President, the trade bill available to the African people. The to comply with WTO rulings in the beef before us is a good bill—it is good for AIDS epidemic throughout Africa is a and banana trade disputes. In addition Sub-Saharan Africa; it is good for the crisis, which impedes political reform to denying American farmers access to Caribbean Basin; and it is good for ag- and economic development in that re- the European market, the EU’s actions riculture and business right here at gion. We have a moral obligation to are undermining the entire WTO Dis- home in the United States. In the end, help relieve this health epidemic. I am pute Settlement process. If they are this bill just makes good sense. a strong advocate of free trade and pri- Mr. MCCAIN. Mr. President, I support successful in ignoring such decisions, vate enterprise. However, as a practical passage of H.R. 434, the Trade and De- how can we expect other countries to matter, there is little profit to be made velopment Act of 2000. This legislation follow trade dispute settlement rul- or lost in assisting with a health crisis includes the African Growth and Op- ings? How can we expect anyone in the in poor undeveloped countries. There- portunity Act, legislation to grant Car- United States to have faith in the fore, I believe that we should have in- ibbean countries tariff parity with the WTO? cluded the Senate provision in order to Repeatedly, I have come to the floor North American Free Trade Agree- ensure greater distribution of HIV/ to raise my concerns about the EU’s ment, and other legislation that will AIDS drugs to Africa. Since it is no flagrant disregard for dispute settle- use trade incentives to promote U.S. longer included in this legislation, I ment rulings in the beef and banana global economic interests. urge the Congress to enact legislation cases, which have clearly shown the I have been a longtime supporter of that will establish a comprehensive so- ‘‘Fortress Europe’’ mentality against many components of this legislation, lution to the HIV/AIDS problem in Af- free and fair trade. Last Fall, during especially the African Growth and Op- rica that includes the greater distribu- the Senate floor debate on the Africa portunity Act and legislation giving tion of American drugs and medical trade bill, I successfully amended the NAFTA parity to our Caribbean allies. practices to combat HIV/AIDS. The legislation to create a powerful mecha- This legislation sets an important AIDS crisis in Africa must be solved if nism—tariff retaliation—to fight ‘‘for- precedent for future U.S. foreign policy we are to achieve any lasting develop- tress’’ mentalities and to protect our by emphasizing trade incentives over ment in the region. nation from illegal foreign trade prac- foreign aid. It makes clear that a de- tices. Today, I am pleased to say that veloping African or Caribbean country I also have concerns that this legisla- the conference report before us now must pursue democratic and market- tion will establish some poor prece- still contains my provision to strength- oriented reforms in order to receive dents. It is my understanding that en the one and only weapon in our ar- benefits. This incentive-based approach there is not yet a formal estimate by senal to fight WTO noncompliance. will promote democratic government the Congressional Budget Office for The purpose of the provision is sim- and economic reforms among nations this legislation, so we do not know its ple—to make our retaliation more ef- home to more than one billion people. cost. I am very disturbed that what- fective and to compel compliance with Recent developments in both ever the costs of the legislation, it will the WTO rulings. The measure would Zimbabwe and Sierra Leone show that be paid for out of the federal budget specifically require the U.S. Trade Rep- there is much work that still has to be surplus. This is not wise policy. The resentative to periodically ‘‘car- done in Africa to establish stable and Constitution clearly gives the Congress ousel’’—or rotate—the list of goods effective political and economic insti- the ‘‘power of the purse’’ and we must subject to retaliation when a foreign tutions. My hope is that this legisla- use this power judiciously. I remain country or countries have failed to tion will encourage these developing dedicated to the principle that the Sen- comply with a WTO ruling. The retalia- countries to continue to make progress ate should only consider legislation tion list would be carouseled to affect toward this important goal. that has both a known cost and specific other goods 120 days from the date the This legislation has been improved provisions paying for it. The version of list is made and every 180 days, there- since it passed the Senate last year. this legislation that we considered in after. The U.S. Trade Representative The conference report gives greater in- the Senate in November included pro- would retain ample discretion and au- centive to the development of local Af- visions to pay for it. The Congress thority to ensure that retaliation im- rican and Caribbean industry by allow- should close tax shelters and loopholes plemented by the United States re- ing conditional duty-free treatment of and cut wasteful government spending mains within the levels authorized by apparel made from regional fabrics. in order to pay for new programs. As the WTO. Also, the provision makes it While I hope that a future Congress fiscal conservatives, we know that this clear that our Trade Representative is will remove the restrictive conditions surplus exists only because we have to structure the retaliation lists to on this tariff treatment in order to made careful choices. We must now use maximize the likelihood of compliance more fully assist the development of this surplus to shore up Social Secu- by the losing side in trade disputes. regional industry, I believe that this rity and Medicare, pay down the na- Mr. President, the WTO is one of the liberalized tariff-rate quota will pro- tional debt, and cut taxes—not spend it most important means for American mote economic growth and stability in on more government programs. businesses and producers to open for- the affected regions. This legislation I am also concerned by some of the eign markets, liberalize commerce, re- urges the Overseas Private Investment provisions in this legislation. While I solve disputes, and ensure more open Corporation (OPIC) and Export-Import understand that the current tariff

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00015 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S3872 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 11, 2000 structure puts American suit manufac- Trade and Development Act will not spect to Africa and the Caribbean. But turers at an unfair advantage, rem- save those jobs or bring those jobs it is a courageous first-step and it mer- edying this inequity deserves more back. its our support. study by the Senate. I do not favor the I also care about working-class peo- Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, I tariff rebate provisions. No compelling ple all over the world. I applaud my rise in opposition to the Conference Re- argument has been made to support a colleagues for uniting to pass Senator port on H.R. 434, the Trade and Devel- Wool Research, Development and Pro- HARKIN’s amendment to meet and en- opment Act of 2000. I oppose this bill motion Trust Fund that costs $2.25 mil- force internationally recognized stand- because, as a result of this legislation, lion each year. I am also concerned by ards that eliminate the worst forms of many Americans will lose their jobs, a provisions included in the conference child labor. Countries can only enjoy significant number of whom will be report that allow Oregon nuclear power the benefits granted under this Act if South Carolinians. Our domestic tex- plant workers to apply for Trade Ad- they take action to eliminate work tile industry will be particularly dam- justment Assistance benefits after that harms the health, safety or mor- aged. I remind my colleagues that in their eligibility has expired, and allow als of children. Benefits will not be the past five years over 454,000 Amer- a company with operations in Con- given to sub-Saharan or Caribbean ican textile industry workers already necticut and Missouri to obtain a re- countries that carry out hazardous have lost their jobs. fund on duties it paid on imports of nu- child labor practices, such as slavery, At best, this bill further erodes the clear fuel assemblies. In addition, I debt bondage, forced or compulsory system of protective quotas that the have reservations about using ‘‘budg- labor, child prostitution or drug traf- Administration promised the U.S. tex- etary gimmicks’’ to change the sched- ficking. This effort is especially rel- tile industry as a condition of U.S. ule of payments of rum excise taxes to evant to this trade legislation because entry into the World Trade Organiza- Puerto Rico. These revisions are unre- out of the 250 million children between tion. This quota system was to remain lated to trade opportunities for Africa the ages of 5 and 14 who are working in in effect for ten years from 1995 until and the Caribbean. All of these meas- the developing world—one-third are in 2005, to provide the U.S. textile indus- ures should be examined in the usual Africa. try with time to adjust to competition authorization process to ensure that This Act could have been further from foreign government-subsidized they are considered on merit, and not strengthened. I supported other amend- and sweat-shop made textile imports. foisted on the taxpayers by special in- ments toward that aim, which were not The textile industry has been strong terests. incorporated into this legislation. I see in the United States because it encom- In conclusion, although I disagree several yellow flashing lights that we passes fiber, fabric, and apparel produc- with some of the inadvisable provisions cannot ignore and we must address tion. The textile industry, in the aggre- in this bill, I support this legislation. I with our trading partners in sub-Saha- gate, forms the second largest indus- believe that, on balance, it is an impor- ran Africa and the Caribbean. trial sector of the U.S. economy. Cer- tant milestone in American policy with Even though the worst forms of child tain segments of the industry, such as the developing world, which I hope will labor were addressed in this legisla- yarn and fabric production, have bene- encourage the spread of American po- tion, additional efforts still need to be fitted from technology and increased litical and economic values. I will not undertaken to protect the rights, wel- capital investment while apparel pro- allow the perfect to be the enemy of fare, health and safety of all workers. I duction has tended to opt for cheaper the good. However, Congress should en- supported amendments offered by my labor rather than invest in modern pro- sure that we are more fiscally respon- colleagues to ensure the enforcement duction facilities. sible in funding legislation. It is impor- of internationally recognized core I fear this bill will further encourage tant that we write responsible legisla- labor standards and to establish a labor U.S. textile firms to move their pro- tion that will help promote the Amer- side agreement before this legislation duction off-shore. It signals capital ican principles of democracy, the rule could go into effect. Neither amend- markets that the U.S. textile industry of law, and a market-oriented eco- ment was adopted. is at risk, thus reducing its ability to nomic system. Furthermore, much more needs to be borrow the capital to make those im- Ms. MIKULSKI. Mr. President, this is done to protect our environment. Dan- provements necessary for domestic pro- an exceptionally difficult decision. gerous or haphazard practices that duction. With the denial of capital to But after weighing the pros and cons damage the environment in sub-Saha- automate and modernize, the rush to- of this legislation, I rise to support the ran African or the Caribbean not only ward cheaper and cheaper labor will Trade and Development Act. harm territory within these regions—it lead to a continuing exodus of U.S.- It is high time that we address eco- affects all of us. We cannot continue to based manufacturing. This will result nomic growth in Africa and the Carib- ignore the environment in trade agree- in a further loss of employment in the bean. Africa, in particular, has been ig- ments. We must find a way to ensure domestic textile industry and its sup- nored for far too long. I would like to that economic growth does not come at porting industries. support this effort to encourage eco- the expense of the environment. A decline in the domestic textile in- nomic growth, investment and trade in In addition, much more must be done dustry will also impact American farm- the region while recognizing that this to provide debt relief to Africa and to ers. Cotton producers in the United effort alone is not enough. It should prevent and address the HIV/AIDS cri- States have profited from a strong and only be a small piece of our policy in sis plaguing the region. vibrant domestic textile industry. Africa. Much more must be done. Taking into account these consider- However, as the textile industry be- I have considered the impact this ations, I still believe that we have a comes locked in a downward spiral of measure will have on American work- unique opportunity to support legisla- chasing ever lower costs, it will look ers. I am a blue-collar Senator. My tion that works toward free trade and for other ways to reduce expenditures. heart and soul lies with blue-collar fair trade. This Act strives to create A likely result will be to encourage America. I spent most of my life in a economic growth, jobs and opportuni- cotton production closer to its foreign blue-collar neighborhood. My career in ties in sub-Saharan Africa and the Car- manufacturing facilities. While U.S. public service is one of deep commit- ibbean. It encourages African nations cotton exports may initially increase ment to working-class people. I have to compete and to institute market- under this legislation, the long-term fought and continue to fight for eco- oriented economic reforms. It also impact will not be so favorable to do- nomic growth, jobs and opportunities works to strengthen America’s econ- mestic cotton producers. in America—in particular—in my own omy and to create American jobs by in- The countries of Sub-Saharan Africa State of Maryland. And in the last dec- creasing US exports and investment to and the Caribbean do need to develop ade, working people have faced the loss these regions. economically. There can be no doubt of jobs, lower wages and a reduced I agree that the Trade and Develop- that these countries require help. How- standard of living, and a shrinking ment Act as it stands does not encom- ever, providing assistance by deci- manufacturing base—everything that pass numerous other measures that mating the U.S. textile industry is not the critics say. But voting against the America needs to undertake with re- the answer. Furthermore, there is no

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00016 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY May 11, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3873 assurance that this bill will improve edges the social, health, and political more, the incentives provided by this the textile industry of these Nations or problems as well as the economic chal- bill to create an investment climate, provide jobs to their citizens. It is clear lenges facing a group of states, most of will awaken African governments to that government-subsidized Asian tex- which are developing nations. the need for programed improvements tile interests are positioning them- It is not that our trade policies have in literacy and technical training. And, selves to dominate the world textile not concerned themselves with devel- through the newly created economic trade. One only has to look at the situ- oping countries before—that commit- forum under this bill, conditions can be ation in the Northern Mariana Islands ment is evident in the Generalized Sys- put in place for technical assistance. to see the model for the future. More- tem of Preferences (GSP), the Carib- Mr. President, it is undeniable that over, transshipment to evade the quota bean Basin Initiative, and many other this bill is a hybrid. It is not a conven- arrangements of this bill and other ex- trade initiatives. However, this bill is tional trade bill, because Africa, with isting quotas will likely continue until unique in many ways. the exception of a few states like South the quotas finally end in 2005. First, we are acknowledging that the Africa, Gabon, and Mauritius, is not Mr. President, H.R. 434 is a bad bill mere existence of a trade agreement positioned to gain immediate or even that critically injures the U.S. textile does not produce immediate results. mid-term benefits unless, and I repeat, industry, puts Americans out of work, The strength of a society and its polity unless, trade is coupled with the forms and, in the end, benefits only Asian profoundly affect the development of of assistance and incentives that this textile interests. Therefore, I oppose the capabilities that allow for bill provides. this legislation and urge my colleagues globalization. Developing countries, for But it is no less deniable that great to do likewise. example, need investment, but prudent benefits will be potentially available to Mrs. LINCOLN. Mr. President, due to companies do not commit their re- both the U.S. and Sub-Saharan Africa a scheduling conflict I was unable to sources unless some very fundamental if the underlying concept in this bill cast my vote today on the cloture mo- conditions exist, conditions that ex- materializes. tion for the conference report accom- ceed those addressed in the Trade-Re- For the United States, Africa is a panying H.R. 434, the Trade and Devel- lated Investment Measures (TRIMS) warehouse of badly needed strategic opment Act of 2000. For the record, I Agreement of the World Trade Organi- materials which will open new sources would have voted ‘‘aye’’ in favor of clo- zation. of supply for U.S. producers. Moreover, ture on the bill. The bill before us does that. We un- if properly developed, this market will I am very supportive of expanding derscore the importance of political benefit the entire population of an Af- our trading opportunities with the Car- stability; we provide opportunities for rican state, rather than a few, often ibbean countries and Africa and I am technical assistance that can create a corrupt elites. delighted that all parties involved have banking and legal structure to repa- It is a fundamental axiom of every come to agreement and we have passed triate profits and to protect the sanc- trade theory that the economic evo- this vital legislation. Our distinguished tity of the contract. lution of trading partners produces ranking member of the Finance Com- Second, we acknowledge that there rolling prosperity—which is another mittee, Senator MOYNIHAN, focused our are regionally specific social and way of saying that prosperity raises all attention on the significance of the health issues that are preconditions to boats. Not only does this phenomenon passage of this bill earlier today when real economic development—what I promise future markets for U.S. goods, he highlighted the fact that this is the refer to as ‘‘trade enablement.’’ Most services, and agricultural products, but first trade bill to pass Congress in six Sub-Sahara African (SSA) states have also a more prosperous, politically sta- years. In my view, that is simply too been left behind. Their colonial and ble African continent, which, in turn, long. post-colonial societies have not, for the produces other foreign policy and na- I’m not here to focus on missed op- most part, melded into a modern, uni- tional security benefits for the U.S. It portunities today, however. I’m here to fied state. Nor have these societies pro- creates international partners in this praise the members of both the House duced the type of workforce that trade region that have a stake in world and Senate who were on the conference demands—educated, technically peace, disease controls, as well as other committee for their tireless efforts on skilled, and healthy workers. initiatives to combat terrorism, inter- this bill’s behalf. To all involved in the The bill before us deals this reality, national crime, labor force abuses, and passage of this legislation I say ‘‘thank too, and in several ways. environmental degradation. you.’’ Like many of my colleagues, I be- I believe that this Africa Trade bill This legislation means a great deal lieve we should do what we can to help will have a broad range of benefits for to the Caribbean and Africa, but it restore our African partners to the America, and I will support this legis- means a lot to Arkansas, too. This bill world baseline standard of good health. lation. I want to compliment Senator will generate an increase in demand for With 20–30 percent HIV/AIDS infection ROTH, Senator GRASSLEY, and other cotton, which is sorely needed. Our cot- among the adult populations in some Senators who worked so diligently on ton farmers at home have experienced states, few firms will risk hiring a this legislation. several years of bad weather and workforce in which one-in-three to one- Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, last year prices, and I know they are pleased to in-five workers may not be alive, let I reluctantly cast my vote against the have access to new markets. It’s plant- alone working in five years. I agree Trade and Development Act of 1999, a ing season in Arkansas but that hasn’t with President Clinton’s comments modest package of trade bills which in- stopped my constituents from staying that Africa, too, needs to do more to cluded the African Growth and Oppor- in touch. I’ve heard from many of them control this problem. But this bill pro- tunity Act and the Carribean Basin this week who took time from their vides incentives. Trade Enhancement Act. busy schedules to voice their support Not only are these efforts to improve I have long supported expanding for this bill. They realize, as I do, that health in this region good economics trade opportunities for Vermonters and the world is increasingly becoming a and good politics, but they are also all Americans, as well as for people in ‘‘global marketplace’’ and we must do simply the right thing to do. We are developing countries. And I have felt all we can to expand our trading oppor- the richest nation in the world. It has for some time that our relationship tunities. I applaud the Senate’s vote on always been a part of the American with Africa cannot continue to be the ‘‘Trade and Opportunity Act’’ character to help those who are suf- based almost exclusively on aid, when today and hope that it will not be an- fering and to improve conditions where the real engine of development, as we other six years before the next trade we can. have seen both at home and abroad, is bill comes to the Senate floor. Worker education also faces immense investment and trade. Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, the trade challenges. Literacy rates have risen to However, I voted against that bill be- bill before us represents a milestone in 59 percent, but that level lags com- cause I felt that in developing a trade U.S. trade policy. This bill, and espe- parable literacy rates in East Asia (84 policy toward Africa—where poverty is cially the African Growth and Oppor- percent), Latin America (83 percent) deeply rooted and protections for the tunity Act found at Title I, acknowl- and the Caribbean (83 percent). Once environment and the rights of workers

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00017 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S3874 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 11, 2000 are non-existent—precautions must be Like last year, I reluctantly cast my The result was announced—yeas 77, taken to ensure that it is a sound pol- vote against the bill. nays 19, as follows: icy that responds to Africa’s unique Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, we [Rollcall Vote No. 98 Leg.] and urgent needs. I was disappointed have now reached the final stage of the YEAS—77 that given the rare opportunity to ex- legislative process with regard to the Abraham Gorton Mack amine and redefine our relationship Trade and Development Act of 2000. Akaka Graham McCain with Africa, the approach was so lim- The moment has come to vote on final Allard Gramm McConnell Ashcroft Grams Mikulski ited and flawed. passage. Once again, I urge my distin- Baucus Grassley There are many aspects of this con- Moynihan guished colleagues on both sides of the Bayh Gregg Murkowski ference report which I strongly sup- aisle to vote for opportunity, to vote to Bennett Hagel Murray port. Provisions which open new mar- reaffirm America’s historic leadership Biden Harkin Nickles Bond Hatch kets for American exports, while pro- in international trade. What we do Robb Breaux Hutchinson Roberts viding trade benefits that will help a Brownback Hutchison here, what we say here, reverberates Rockefeller Burns Inhofe number of countries compete more ef- all around the world. So I say to my Santorum Campbell Inouye fectively in the global economy. Provi- Sarbanes distinguished colleagues, let’s send a Chafee, L. Jeffords Schumer sions which encourage countries to resounding message, a clear message, a Cochran Johnson eliminate the worst forms of child strong message, that America is en- Coverdell Kerrey Sessions labor, and raise the profile of U.S. agri- Craig Kerry Shelby gaged with the world. I urge my col- Smith (OR) cultural interests in trade negotia- Crapo Kohl leagues to vote for the Trade and De- Daschle Kyl Specter tions. velopment Act of 2000. DeWine Landrieu Stevens I remain disappointed, however, by I hope we will have speakers now on Dodd Lautenberg Thomas the act’s approach toward Africa. Durbin Levin Thompson the African trade bill so we can move Enzi Lieberman Torricelli It is astonishing that aside from ahead to get a vote on that. I think I Sense of Congress language about the Feinstein Lincoln Voinovich have not had any requests for speakers Fitzgerald Lott Warner need to strengthen efforts to combat in support of the legislation because Frist Lugar Wyden desertification, the act in no way ad- those of us who support the legislation NAYS—19 dresses environmental concerns. This would like to move it to immediate Boxer Edwards Reid is an unfortunate step backward from passage. I hope those who would still Bunning Feingold Smith (NH) NAFTA, which—while they did not go like to speak in opposition to it and ex- Byrd Helms Snowe far enough—contained side agreements Cleland Hollings Thurmond press those points of view will please on both environmental and labor Collins Kennedy Wellstone do that at this particular time. Conrad Leahy issues. Dorgan Reed Multinational corporations, espe- In the meantime, I suggest the ab- cially mining and timber companies, sence of a quorum. NOT VOTING—4 have a long history of exploiting Afri- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Bingaman Domenici Bryan Roth ca’s weak environmental laws and clerk will call the roll. causing pollution, deforestation and The senior assistant bill clerk pro- The conference report was agreed to. the uprooting of people. There is a di- ceeded to call the roll. Mr. MOYNIHAN. Mr. President, I rect link between environmental deg- Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unan- move to reconsider the vote. radation and civil unrest. If barriers to imous consent that the order for the Mr. LOTT. I move to lay that motion foreign investment are lowered or quorum call be rescinded. on the table. The motion to lay on the table was eliminated—as the act calls for—and The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without meaningful, enforceable environmental objection, it is so ordered. agreed to. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- protections are not put in place, these Mr. REID. Mr. President, it is my understanding we are going to go to a ator from New York is recognized. problems will only get worse. Mr. MOYNIHAN. Mr. President, this The act’s provision on workers’ vote immediately. All speakers on this was a momentous moment for the Sen- rights, most of which have been inside have evaporated. They will present ate, for the Nation, and for the world. cluded in other trade legislation, have statements. We have passed the first trade bill in 6 routinely allowed countries notorious We do have one speaker, Senator for abuses to escape without penalty. FEINGOLD of Wisconsin, who wants to years, having rejected others and hav- Unions have rightly criticized them for speak for 45 minutes. I ask unanimous ing come about in the aftermath of being vague and unenforceable. consent he be allowed to speak on this very dim expectations. From no chance As the wealthiest nation, we have a bill on which we are going to be voting whatever, we have come to the point responsibility to do what we can to en- following the vote, and prior to mili- where this bill passed by 77 votes. It sure that the benefits of the global tary construction, for up to 45 minutes. could not have happened without the economy are enjoyed by people from The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without majority leader, who personally con- all walks of life, here and abroad. How- objection, it is so ordered. vened meetings in his office day after ever, the workers’ rights provision in Mr. REID. I thank the Chair. day. There were mind-numbing details this act are an invitation for the con- Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, I ask about thread, yarn, square meter tinued exploitation of cheap African for the yeas and nays. equivalents, hundreds, millions—but it labor. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a came about. Mr. President, some have claimed sufficient second? Senator ROTH, our chairman, who that this legislation is an historic first There is a sufficient second. could not be here today, will be back step toward integrating Africa into the The question is on agreeing to the next week. He put this matter through global economy. Others have called it a conference report. The clerk will call the Finance Committee nearly unani- devastating blow that will force Afri- the roll. mously. I would like to take the oppor- can countries to cut spending on edu- The senior assistant bill clerk called tunity to thank the staff who not only cation and health care, and to submit the roll. did this, but did it until dawn, day to strict International Monetary Fund Mr. NICKLES. I announce that the after day—or should I say night after conditions. It is neither. Senator from New Mexico (Mr. DOMEN- night. They are, on the majority staff: The Trade and Development Act of ICI) and the Senator from Delaware Frank Polk, Grant Aldonas, Faryar 2000 is not going to cause the great eco- (Mr. ROTH) are necessarily absent. Shirzad, Tim Keeler, and Carrie Clark. nomic boon some have predicted, and it Mr. REID. I announce that the Sen- On the majority leader’s staff: Dave may cause harm. But it is the wrong ator from New Mexico (Mr. BINGAMAN) Hoppe and Jim Hecht. On our minority approach if we truly want to redefine and the Senator from Nevada (Mr. staff: David Podoff, Debbie Lamb, our relationship with the region from BRYAN) are necessarily absent. Linda Menghetti, and Timothy Hogan. one of dependency to one of actively The PRESIDING OFFICER. Are there Plus majority and minority tax staffs promoting economic growth and self- any other Senators in the Chamber because tariffs are taxes, we had: Mark reliance. who desire to vote? Prater, Ed McClellan, Russ Sullivan,

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00018 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY May 11, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3875 Cary Pugh, Anita Horn, and Mitchell I didn’t want the moment to pass final decision, as a matter of fact, I was Kent. And a very special word of without commending, obviously, the looking at Senator MOYNIHAN’s staff thanks to Polly CRAIGhill, Senate Leg- floor managers and the Finance Com- and said, ‘‘What do you think? Can we islative Counsel, who labored with the mittee for their work, but also the make this work?’’ They said, ‘‘Yes.’’ committee staff long into the night. leadership for their support of this That is the way it was. It wasn’t par- Once again, I say to my dear col- measure. The administration, as well, tisan at all. To reach this point now league, Senator GRASSLEY, who carried should be mentioned in this context. and have a vote in the House last week the matter so brilliantly on the other While it has been 6 years, we are going of 309–110, and then 77–19 in the Senate, side, not every day do we pass a trade to be dealing with a couple of these in an area where we have acrimony, re- bill 4–1. Thank you. And I again thank issues now in sequence that will be gional division, and one sector of the the majority leader. The Nation is in very important and, obviously, their economy pulling against the other, I his debt. backing and support is worthwhile. think this is something we should take The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Regarding the last point our col- a moment and relish and take credit ator from Iowa is recognized. league from Iowa made, my hope is for and be proud of. It represents a sig- Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, fol- that passage will also serve as a spring- nificant step forward in our trade pol- lowing up on what Senator MOYNIHAN board for us to deal with other foreign icy and a victory for the cause of free just said, and associating myself with policy matters that serve the interests trade. Like Senator DODD, I have been those remarks, as important as the bill of our country. We have entered a glob- to Central America and met with the we passed is for the continent of Africa al economy. We all know the lingo Presidents and Ambassadors from Cen- and the Caribbean Basin Initiative, and about the kind of world of which we are tral America and the Caribbean. They as important as it is for the consumers now a part. It is going to be critically pleaded for this and said, ‘‘Give us an of America and the 120,000 new jobs it important that the Senate of the opportunity.’’ This is the way to help. is going to create for American work- United States is fulfilling its historic This is the way to help their people and ing men and women, this bill is far role—the unique aspect of the legisla- give them an opportunity to get jobs. more significant, from my point of tive part of Government—to be en- It will help you, and it will help us. view, because it is the first major piece gaged in the foreign policy interests of I suspect there will be a celebration of trade legislation passing the Con- our Nation. today and tonight in Central America, gress in years, as Senator MOYNIHAN This agreement certainly serves the in the Caribbean, and in Africa. said. interests of Africa and the Caribbean I want to make this point. While that In the meantime, I think the United Basin very well. But more importantly, is important, we want free trade and States has been seen by other nations it serves the interests of our Nation this is good for America. I worked a as giving up some of our traditional very well. So I commend the staff and great deal with CHARLIE RANGEL, the leadership around the world in negotia- others who were involved. This is a Congressman from New York, who real- tions and tearing down trade barriers, great start. The leadership deserves ly wanted this. I remember a fateful which has been our role as a world commendation for their support and meeting we had outside an elevator in leader since 1947. I hope that this legis- their willingness to put a shoulder be- the Cannon Office Building at which I lation is the start of America, once hind this effort. I also thank the mi- said, basically, if you do Africa, we will again, leading the world in reducing nority leader, TOM DASCHLE, for his do CBI, and we will get together. And barriers to trade, the promotion of leadership on this issue. we did. He said in some of our meet- international trade, and seeing trade as Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I thank ings: I don’t want a bill that is going to more important than aid as an instru- Senator MOYNIHAN, Senator DODD, and cost America jobs. I believe we can ment to helping depressed economies Senator GRASSLEY, for their comments. have a bill that helps America, creates around the world. They are absolutely right. This is the more American jobs and more oppor- I look forward to the continuation of way we can do things when we make up tunity for Americans, and that will be our leadership in setting the agenda for our minds that we are going to. Keep in good for the sub-Sahara region and for the World Trade Organization agenda mind that just a year ago, most people Central America. I believe we achieved and regional trade agreements, as well. thought this had no chance. The House that. Besides all the staff members Sen- passed a bill that was only applicable This bill retains the basic structure ator MOYNIHAN mentioned, I also com- to Africa. But then Senator ROTH and and approach of the original Senate pliment my international trade coun- Senator MOYNIHAN said we should go bill. I want to emphasize that because sel, Richard Chriss, on his outstanding forward on this. They made the point we made a commitment to Senators contribution to the passage of the Afri- that we had not had a major trade bill who had reservations about this bill ca Trade and CBI bill. in—I thought 5 years, but in fact it was that we would do everything possible I yield the floor. 6 years. I yielded to the distinguished to retain the basic structure of the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Senator from New York because he Senate bill. We fought for it, and I ator from Connecticut. pays such close attention to this. The think we were successful in that area. Mr. DODD. I also thank the majority chairman and ranking member said we The approach makes economic sense, leader. I am not a member of the com- should go forward with this and we allowing workers and businesses in this mittee, but I wanted to commend the should add the CBI region and Central country and in our trading partners’ to Senator from New York once again for America to the package. We did that. specialize in the activities to which his tremendous leadership on this We worked together across the aisle they are most suited. The vast major- issue, and Senator GRASSLEY who is between the two parties. The adminis- ity of the trade benefits under this bill filling in for Senator ROTH, who will be tration did express its interest in this will involve the use of U.S.-made com- back next week. I commend the major- legislation. The President personally ponents. They need it in those other re- ity leader and minority leader. This is called at least twice—maybe three gions. They need our yarn. They need an example of what this body can do on times—and talked about his hope that our cotton. So we will benefit, and they issues that usually provoke the most we could get this done. But I remember will benefit. bitter debates. Trade policy and some a critical moment a month or so ago, I am acutely aware of the concerns other issues can be tremendously acri- late at night, and we were trying to and challenges facing our domestic tex- monious. The fact that the leadership make the last decision that would close tile industry. Faced with vast amounts on both sides of the aisle worked as the package up. Dave Hoppe, my chief of unfair trade and blatant cheating in diligently and as hard as they did to of staff, was there, and Jim Hecht on past textile agreements, our industry try to come up with some under- my staff, who worked so hard on this has seen a flood of foreign imports that standings as to how to recognize legiti- legislation, who knew the substance have caused job losses. mate interests speaks volumes about better than I would ever know it. It is The U.S. textile industry will within what this body can do on something as mind-boggling in its detail and all the a few years face the removal of quotas significant and as important as this pieces that were in this package. But under WTO. At a time of such uncer- bill. when I had to basically help make the tainty, it is imperative that our trade

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00019 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S3876 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 11, 2000 measures be carefully geared to sustain I yield the floor. outstanding differences and working and enhance the economic opportuni- The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. FITZ- through these many issues in a way ties available to our textile industry GERALD). The Senator from South Da- that allowed us this success, we ought and workers. I believe this measure be- kota. to pause and thank today. It is not fore us today does that. It has some of Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, I com- often we see legislation, and trade leg- the most stringent transshipment pliment the majority leader for his islation in particular, of this import measures ever enacted, increasing re- statement and for the effort he has put with the kind of vote we just cast. It is sources for the Customs Service and forward in bringing us to this point. a great day for this country. I again ensuring that countries receiving bene- I agree with virtually every word he publicly express my appreciation for fits under the bill provide full coopera- has just spoken about the importance their diligence and for their work in tion with our authorities. of this matter and about the extraor- getting us to this point. That was one of the concerns—that dinary influence it will have on trade The PRESIDING OFFICER. Senator other countries would use Africa, or policy to important parts of the world FEINGOLD is recognized for up to 45 the CBI, the back door, to transship, to today. This is not only good trade pol- minutes. violate the agreements and get in our icy, it is good economic policy, and it Mr. FEINGOLD. Thank you, Mr. country in an unfair way. is good diplomatic policy. It is ex- President. Will this be perfect? Nothing in this tremely important that people realize We just completed our work on the area is perfect. But it will do the best the diplomatic, economic, and trade African Growth and Opportunity Act. I job I believe we have ever done. We are ramifications of this legislation. had the opportunity on a number of oc- going to watch it to make sure it is ef- I have watched with great admira- casions during the debate to express fective in that regard. tion as this legislation has been pro- my concerns about the bill and, in par- I was pleased to see comments from duced. I must say it is one of the many ticular, the way in which it did not ad- members of the domestic textile indus- reasons I have come to admire our dress one of the greatest crises in Afri- try as a result of this conference agree- ranking member on the Finance Com- ca—the HIV/AIDS problem. But I have ment. The president of the American mittee and his extraordinary effort in asked for this opportunity to speak Textile Manufacturers Institute has getting us to this point. I don’t know about another enormous problem in Af- noted projections that the demand for that I have talked to him about any rica that I think needs to be closely as- U.S. fabric will double over the next 8 matter as often as I have talked to him sociated with the debate we just had years under this bill. It is estimated about this in recent months. This is and our thinking with regard to Africa; that this will translate into more than one he has lived and breathed. We are that is, the problems with armed con- 60,000 new U.S. textile jobs in America. very grateful to him for his leadership flicts in Africa. This legislation will have real benefits, and for all of the work he did to get us Anyone who has been reading the immediate benefits—for American con- to this point. newspapers or watching television in sumers, for the retail industry, for the I have already expressed myself in re- the last few days—whatever the me- yarn industry, for cotton, and for tex- gard to the importance of the legisla- dium—could not help but have a nat- tiles. All the other components in this tion and the extraordinary amount of ural reaction to the news from Africa area of job creation in America will effort that has gone into the work that would suggest an impression of benefit. So will Africa. So will the CBI. today. This would not have happened chaos, and even feelings of hopeless- I am pleased we have come to this were it not for the involvement of a ness. I am sure this is especially true agreement. Actually, it is a little anti- number of our colleagues. Its impor- in the last few days when it comes to climactic. In the end, the vote was so tance cannot be overemphasized. This the events that are transpiring in Si- overwhelming that you wonder why all is good for this country, and as I noted, erra Leone with some United Nations the huffing and puffing. But I believe it it is important we recognize the new troops being killed, others apparently is because of the good work done by opportunities that it presents, not only captured, some missing, protesters our staffs and by the leadership in the for the Caribbean countries and Africa being killed, and the absurdity of the House and in the Senate. It would have but for this country especially. United Nations troops protecting not been achievable if Chairman AR- I would be remiss if I were not to Foday Sankoh, the leader of the Revo- CHER and subcommittee chairman mention the tremendous leadership lutionary United Front, the group that CRANE had not been willing to be flexi- demonstrated by the distinguished sen- has been responsible for some of the ble and agree to some of the things ior Senator from Connecticut, Mr. most heinous crimes against people we that were important to the Senate. DODD. On every issue involving Central have seen in many years—a group that I want to say a special word about and Latin America, our caucus depends has been responsible for repeated acts our staffs that worked so hard, and upon him to a remarkable degree. He of murder, maiming, and rape. People through so many nights, to secure the is, without a doubt, our expert on see this on the television, read about it successful conclusion we have seen South America, on Central America, in the newspaper, and they wonder if today. I want to recognize in particular and on international issues. I person- there is anything that can be done to Senator ROTH’s staff, including Frank ally find myself required, in many help make things different in Africa. Polk, J.T. Young, Grant Aldonas, cases, to turn to him as the person in Then they read about Congo, the Faryar Shirzad, Tim Keeler, and Carrie whom I have the greatest trust and for Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Clark; and from Senator MOYNIHAN’s whom I have the greatest admiration they have this sense, understandably, staff, David Podoff, Debbie Lamb, when it comes to his knowledge of that is a place of endless conflict. They Linda Menghetti, and Tim Hogan; from these issues. I thank Senator DODD for read about Ethiopia and the starvation Senator GRASSLEY’s staff, Richard all of his efforts in getting us to this and famine in a border dispute between Chriss; and from the Congressional point. Ethiopia and Eritrea that seems to be, Budget Office, Hester Grippando. And I also thank Senator GRAHAM from at least to many of us, unnecessary and finally, with a bill of this detail and Florida who has put a great deal of ef- terribly harmful to the people of both technicality, the diligent work of legis- fort into the vote we were able to get countries. They turn on the television, lative counsel is especially critical. I this morning, and I am grateful to him. and they see Zimbabwe and what must would like to thank Polly Craighill, Finally, Senator BAUCUS also has appear to be a form of chaos with peo- Sandy Strokoff and Mark Synnes for worked diligently with all of our col- ple occupying the land of other people their extraordinary efforts. leagues on both sides of the aisle and is and farmers and farm workers being So, Mr. President, I do not want us to also extraordinarily knowledgeable on murdered in a place that a lot of people complete this effort without saying I trade matters. thought was a success and that now be- am proud of it. I believe it will be posi- We have a number of our colleagues gins to look awfully tense, violent, and tive for all concerned. I began the de- who, because they worked as hard as undemocratic. bate that way, and I end it that way. they did, because they showed the lead- Add to that what we have been talk- I extend my congratulations to all ership they did, because they were as ing about in the last few days with this involved. committed as they were to resolving enormous AIDS crisis. Then, if you

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00020 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY May 11, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3877 mention the AIDS crisis to somebody refugees crossing border lines in sig- these crimes. Unlike so many other Af- from Africa, they say: By the way, do nificant numbers. In Angola itself, this rican countries, Sierra Leone recently, you know there is a terrible new strain brutal civil war continues. You may in the last few years, had their first of malaria that has become extremely have seen tragedy in some of these real democratic election. The Presi- problematic and dangerous for people other countries on the television. One dent was thrown out in a coup, then in many parts of Africa? So it is easy of the most horrifying things you could the ECOMOG, the Nigerian-led force, for anyone to react with resignation. ever see is the incredible tragedy of came in and put him back in power. I think this is a compassionate coun- war and the refugee children in Angola. But the country descended into this, try. I think our elected representatives Then, of course, Zimbabwe. one of the most brutal civil wars we wish to help. When all of this is viewed, Zimbabwe certainly seemed tense in have witnessed in many years. So the I fear that people believe it is hopeless. December. I was concerned. President Sierra Leone situation is a very ten- I think that is understandable. But it Mugabe seemed quite tense to me at uous governmental situation. There is is too easy to give up or to use well- the time, but I had no idea there would no long, continuous period of rule, ei- worn phrases to dismiss the situation be this collapse of a commitment to de- ther democratic or otherwise, by one in the African countries as hopeless. mocracy on the part of the President of particular power or entity or person. We hear that a lot of records are Zimbabwe, and all the violence and Contrast that with the situation in thrown away. We hear people say, for fear that has resulted. the Democratic Republic of Congo. example, that is just ‘‘tribalism’’ and Add to that places I did not go this Congo is, obviously, a huge country. To that is what happens when these tribes time. There was a coup d’etat in Cote give you an idea of the size, it is basi- strike out at one another. d’Ivoire. Some say it was for the better cally the size of all of the United Another word used is, well, it is just in the long run, but a coup d’etat it States, from the Mississippi River all ‘‘barbarism.’’ That is what goes on in was. And we have also seen the terri- the way over including the entire east Africa, people seem to say, and there is fying and tragic consequences of flood- coast. It is that big in area. But it has nothing you can do about it. ing in Mozambique. not suffered so much from instability, Others point out quite clearly that Even in Nigeria, which I would cite except for in the last few years, as from there are problems with corruption in as a place where we have some greater a brutal rule of Mr. Mobutu who, for many of these countries. One very hope than we used to have, even there maybe 35 years, was the autocratic thoughtful Senator actually said to me where a fledgling democracy is trying ruler of what was then called Zaire and the other day as we talked about what to take root, there are repeated exam- who, in fact, some regarded as one of might be done to try to resolve the ples of religious and geographically the greatest thieves of all time, in problem in the Democratic Republic of based violence that make it difficult to terms of all the resources and riches he the Congo: Well, I am afraid we are just believe the future is going to automati- spirited out of his nation of Zaire going to throw away money to make cally be a bright one. which is now called Congo. ourselves feel better. So I feel all these concerns about Finally, Mr. Mobutu had to flee and a That is what some people fear we do these problems, having just been there group of powers from around Africa, when we try to solve or help solve the and traveled to some of these coun- some of whom are fighting each other problem in Africa. tries. Oddly enough, though, I believe now, together helped establish Presi- I don’t think anyone can entirely dis- we have to struggle to simultaneously dent Laurent Kabila in power a few miss any of this. As one who has on oc- do two things. First, we have to see years ago. So it is a terribly difficult situation, casion shared at least the emotional each of these situations as different in- but it is not the same as Sierra Leone. reaction to these phrases and terms, I stead of just generalizing. Second, at Sierra Leone is a frightening situation. am afraid these terms and attitudes re- the same time, we have to see the There are great crimes being com- flect a generalization about all of Afri- interrelationships between the dif- mitted. But what is happening in the ca, about the entire continent, that ferent situations in Africa and the dif- Congo quite a few people have referred does not hold true. In fact, they are ferent countries in Africa. Because if to as a world war, or Africa’s first generalizations that even with regard we do not see how these situations re- world war. It is that significant and to some of the specific examples do not late to each other, we will not be able that problematic. have a connection to reality. I think to help to make stability and peace In fact, many people do not realize it these generalizations sometimes sug- possible, and we will not be able to help but there are so many countries that gest, and these phrases sometimes sug- with fighting disease and establishing now have their troops fighting in gest, an unwillingness to explore and democracy and fighting corruption. Congo that it really does look like a understand the differences that actu- I do not pretend to come close to un- world war. There are alliances. For ex- ally exist as between these African derstanding all of these interrelation- ample, one side of combatants that are countries and situations, and in fact ships, but I am trying to assist our own supposedly allies—although they have the differences between easy assump- analysis of what American foreign pol- been fighting amongst themselves tions and the facts on the ground in icy toward African nations should be. some—are Uganda, Rwanda, and Bu- any one of these individual places. Let me suggest, at the risk of over- rundi. They are backing the rebels try- I understand how easy it is for some- simplification, a few distinctions being to fight the Kabila government. On one to slip into a feeling of hopeless- tween three different important situa- the other side, you find groups from ness about Africa. I fight it myself in tions in Africa that we have been read- Angola, Namibia, and Zimbabwe trying my own experience. Having been in Af- ing about right now: Sierra Leone, the to support and keep in power Mr. rica in December for 2 weeks and hav- Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Kabila. ing traveled to 10 different countries, I Zimbabwe. They are very different. In addition to that, we fear there are have had some moments such as this. First, Sierra Leone is obviously a very economic incentives for some of these Since I have been there, in the coun- small country compared to the others, countries to want to stay in Congo. It tries I actually had a chance to visit, apparently about twice the size of the is a country rich with incredible re- the situation certainly has not vastly State of Maryland. The situation in Si- sources, including diamonds. Some sug- improved, as in the Congo—although I erra Leone is certainly more confined gest some of these countries may not will be talking about that shortly. than the situation in the Congo, but it want to leave the conflict because of In Rwanda, there has been some po- does involve other elements. A lot of the economic opportunities that exist. litical instability, a change of power in the refugees from Sierra Leone have So, I would have to say Congo is al- the Presidency, and other disturbing gone to Cote d’Ivoire, which has led to ready like the ultimate Rubik’s Cube events. Namibia, just below Angola, some destabilization there. in foreign policy; it is so complicated has been drawn, to a greater extent The leader of Liberia, Charles Taylor, and difficult, in terms of understanding than they had been in the past, into has been heavily involved in backing what is going on and what could be the Angolan conflict that has been Mr. Sankoh in Sierra Leone, and has done. It is like a world war. going on for about 25 years. This has caused problems backing the RUF or- Now, contrast that with the third ex- been only since last December, with ganization that committed so many of ample, Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe is in a

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00021 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S3878 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 11, 2000 very different position. Zimbabwe ac- mission in Congo in the early 1960s is end who, after a couple hundred of his tually had what, fortunately, became an example often cited as an attempt troops were missing in Sierra Leone, about 20 years ago, majority rule. Al- that failed that makes people hesitant. said he regretted it. He was concerned though I obviously believe that the Without any doubt, the miserable fail- for their safety, but peace was worth previous Rhodesian Government was a ure of our Somalia mission in north- this kind of effort. terrible government, some of the insti- east Africa in 1993 and 1994 is another For anyone who thinks the African tutions from that era have continued example of where the American people nations and the African Presidents are into the current era and suggest at would have some reason to pause be- asking us to do everything, that is not least a significant commitment in the fore wanting to get involved in helping what the record shows. I don’t think it past to reasonable governance and the to resolve some of the conflicts in Afri- can be a fair objection to our acting rule of law. ca. and a reason for hesitance to say they Unfortunately, that promise and that I think this hesitation begs the ques- are asking for American troops to do hope that Mr. Mugabe originally tion with regard to Africa. I think the this. That is not true. I am not hearing brought have fallen apart. Many people question is, Why do we act decisively demands for American troops. In fact, I think what is happening in Zimbabwe in other parts of the world, and seem to talked to ten different African Presi- is a race war; that is not the case. It is be disproportionately hesitant to act dents about the Congo situation in De- not a war of black against white. Some when it comes to problems in Africa? cember, and I don’t remember any of think it is about land reform. Although There are a lot of reasons that might them asking for American troops to be certainly there should be some land re- be given for treating Africa differently. involved in this situation. In fact, some form, that is not what is happening in Let me suggest I don’t think these rea- did specifically seem to indicate they what used to be a country that some sons hold up. I want to mention a few prefer that there not be American thought was moving in the right direc- of the reasons that have been given or troops involved for whatever reason. tion. might be given. This is not a question of whether What is happening in this country— First, our not acting in Africa cannot American ground troops will be asked that basically was on a better path be because of a lack of tragedy, bru- to resolve these situations. than Congo, and certainly a better tality, and even genocide in Africa. De- I don’t think our hesitance can be ex- path than Sierra Leone—is President spite the cries of ‘‘never again’’ that plained by suggesting that African sit- Mugabe is not moving his country for- were legitimately raised with respect uations are somehow too complex— ward in a democratic way, in the way to Bosnia and Kosovo and even East though, as I indicated they often are that the great Nelson Mandela did. Nel- Timor, how can anyone now use that complex—to try and unravel. Some of son Mandela, one of the greatest per- kind of phrase with regard to what the situations are horrible but are rel- sons of the 20th century, after all those happens in Africa? I don’t need to cite atively straightforward, such as An- years of imprisonment, became the chapter and verse from my colleagues, gola. And as I said, although Congo is President of South Africa. What did he although maybe I should, about the complex, so, certainly, are the situa- do after his first term was up? He be- tragedies and brutality and human suf- tions in Bosnia with the ethnic divi- lieved it was important that democ- fering in Africa as a result of conflict, sions and borders that show no par- racy work, and he stepped aside and let be it Angola, Burundi, or, of course, ticular relationship to the ethnic iden- someone else be elected President. This Rwanda. tity of the people. There are little en- is just the opposite of what Mr. Mugabe I don’t think the reason we don’t act claves throughout the area. We are is doing in Zimbabwe, which is threat- in Africa is because the African coun- talking in this Congress about getting ening to destroy, in my view, a country tries should try to help themselves. more involved in the situation in Co- that has great promise. The fact is, the African countries are lombia with real money and real re- I am trying to illustrate how dif- doing a pretty good job with very lim- sources. That is an enormously com- ferent these situations are. Why do I do ited resources to try to shoulder their plex situation which is related to the this? We must consider our responses share of the burden. In fact, they com- situation in other Latin American to each of these crises individually, as pare favorably to our European allies countries. So it can’t simply be that well as in the context of Africa as a when it comes to stepping up to the these are tough nuts to crack; they are, whole. When we look at each one, as plate in their own region. but they are not the only ones. We well as any other situation in Africa, I One of my criticisms of the Bosnia have acted in some incredibly difficult can understand the hesitation on the and Kosovo situation is I don’t think and complex situations in parts of the part of the American people and our the European allies did as much as world that are not in Africa. elected Representatives. Hesitation is they could and asked us to do more Can it be because somehow Africa not only understandable, but it makes than we should in those situations. doesn’t involve our national security? I some sense. There are examples, in Africa, of a bet- don’t think it can be that these situa- I understand the need to be hesitant. ter record. Nigeria, a country I have tions are not dangerous, not only for Hesitation should not be born of over- often criticized on this floor, under Africa but for us and the rest of the simplification or incorrect generaliza- their previous military regime actually world. The situation in the Congo is tion. I know why we are hesitant to get has a good record of trying to resolve often called Africa’s first world war, as involved in too many places. I have conflicts in their region. The ECOMOG I have said. That means not just trag- personally said many times we are forces, led by Nigeria, were involved in edy for Congo and the nations directly overcommitted around the world. We trying to change the situation for the adjacent, but it means it has the poten- have over 250,000 American troops sta- better in Liberia, and the Nigerians in tial for enormous disruption through- tioned abroad in this post-cold-war era. the past have taken aggressive steps to out the entire continent, and I suggest We have gotten ourselves in situations try to solve the problem in Sierra a destabilizing influence throughout in Bosnia and Kosovo and in East Leone, and some hope they will be the world when it comes to political Timor and even in Colombia, poten- asked to do this again. borders, when it comes to the spread of tially, that some people would regard When I was in Mali in December, one AIDS, when it comes to millions of as open-ended. I am more optimistic of the poorest countries in the world, children who are orphans, when it about the East Timor situation. How- they told me how some of their people comes to child soldiers marauding ever, I am fearful that in Bosnia and were part of the ECOMOG force that around the countries, and, yes, na- Kosovo we got into a situation very went into Sierra Leone, and how they tional security because this kind of sit- heavily. It is open ended. We may find lost eight lives in that mission. They uation, if left unchecked, opens the it difficult to extricate ourselves. That are taking the loss of lives of their own door to other countries and other enti- is a reason for hesitation. citizens in the name of trying to have ties that are not our friends, trying to There are reasons for being hesitant peace and stability in their region. I exploit the tragedy in Africa, whether specifically with regard to the record am impressed by that. it might be attempted by Libya, North of the efforts made in Africa in the I am impressed by the comments of Korea, or perhaps China. It cannot be past. Certainly, the failure of the U.N. President Chiluba of Zambia this week- that we hesitate because this continent

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00022 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY May 11, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3879 is not in our national interest and is came stuck in those places because we This is a sad thing to let happen be- not a question of our national security. went headlong into those conflicts with cause we do not have a lot of the colo- Finally, perhaps most important, our no good plan about how to finish it or nial baggage and some of the resent- hesitance cannot be because the United what resources we would commit to it ment that Africans feel toward coun- States and the West have no responsi- or what steps would allow us to finish tries such as Belgium because we were bility to act. Consider the colonial leg- the job or decide that we cannot finish not deeply involved in many of those acy. After my trip, I had a chance to the job. I do think that our hesitance is situations. We have a positive oppor- read one of the best and most powerful part of our very recent memory of the tunity, when it comes to much of Afri- books I have read in a long time called enormous tragedy in Africa in Somalia ca, to get it right. ‘‘King Leopold’s Ghost’’ by Adam when we lost 18 of our brave soldiers in It is this idea of getting it right that Hochschild. This is basically the story the helicopter disaster that led to our brings me to the specific purpose of of the brutal exploitation of the Bel- withdrawal. There is no question in my these comments, and that is that we gian Congo by Belgium’s King Leopold mind that Americans and American should not summarily retreat from the and others in the previous century. Co- foreign policymakers worry that if we pursuit of peace and self-determination lonialism essentially marauded the so- try to help in one of these situations, in the Democratic Republic of the cial structure of a peaceful people. we will get stuck and cannot get out. Congo. I fear there will be some kind of When that period finally came to an When I say ‘‘we,’’ I mean the inter- a knee-jerk reaction because of the end in 1960, I believe, they had a demo- national community, not necessarily very disturbing news and film coming cratic election. I am sure it was not just the United States. from Sierra Leone. The United Nations perfect, but a man named Patrice Second, I think we do not act perhaps there obviously has not yet got it Lumumba, a hero to the Congolese peo- when we should because we have a right. I may well be interested in see- ple, was elected President. A few tendency in this country to think in ing and helping that United Nations ef- months later, he was brutally mur- terms of having to do all or nothing in fort become stronger and tougher to dered, without a doubt at the instruc- one of these situations; that we have to deal with the brutality that is going tion of our CIA and our country. That do the whole thing, and if we do not do on, and we cannot abandon that situa- the whole thing, somehow we have not is what we did to the people of Congo, tion, but I believe there is a way to get lived up to an American obligation to and we installed Mr. Mobutu who pro- it right in Congo. One of the main rea- do absolutely everything to solve the ceeded to have one of the most brutal sons is the leadership of a man from problem. rules in history for the next 30 to 35 whom I stole the phrase ‘‘Get It Some say do not do it at all unless years. Right,’’ and that is our Ambassador to To suggest we do not have a responsi- you are going to go in and get the job done. I have heard that many times the United Nations, Richard bility, that we did not have anything Holbrooke, whom I had the chance to to do with this is just plain wrong. The with regard to military intervention; why don’t we just go in there and finish accompany on a trip to Africa in De- same thing goes for Angola. This is not cember. It was an honor to be on that about the colonial era only. Angola the job? It is an attitude which, on occasion, is appropriate but I think some- trip, and we had a chance together to was used for many years as a play- meet with virtually every one of the ground for the cold war. The Soviet times leads to mistakes. When it comes to the African situa- African Presidents who are directly in- Union and the United States decided to tion, this notion that we should do ev- terested in this conflict. have it out here, and they planted erything or nothing leads to real prob- I want my colleagues to know that, more landmines in the fields, the rich lems. In Somalia, we tried to do too although we were extremely moved and farm fields of Angola, than any other much when we did not know what we troubled by the AIDS crisis in Africa, place in the entire world. As a result, were doing, and then we did nothing and that overtook us emotionally on there are more amputees in Angola when it came to Rwanda. It does not the trip, the core reason for the trip than anywhere else in the world and in have to be everything or nothing. In was to see if the Ambassador and I and any other time in human history. Walk fact, there is a recent example I am others could get an understanding of down a street in Angola and look at relatively pleased about, and that is the complexity of what is going on in the number of people who have lost a what we are doing in East Timor. We the Congo and what we could do about limb to landmines—not that lives, of are not leading the charge there. Aus- it. course, were not taken. It is appalling. tralia is leading the charge and Asian I want my colleagues to know—and I That was our war. I understand the countries are leading the charge. We heard him do it—that at each stop, stakes that were involved, but to sug- are helping in a measured, reasonable Ambassador Holbrooke said: We want gest we do not have a responsibility way because the countries in that re- to help, but there are no blank checks when we were that involved in the situ- gion, as I suggest some of the countries and we must get it right or we cannot ation and to fail to help the people in Africa, are trying to do the same help. from Angola to have a decent life is thing. He was very measured and showed simply wrong. I believe that is a reason people are due caution. Of course, the situation in I have just given six reasons that I do afraid of doing some things because the Congo is incredibly difficult, but I not think can really be the reasons for they want to do everything or nothing. see some reason to see it as progressing our not acting in some of these situa- A third reason we do not act, and a in the right direction, slowly but sure- tions. I will now suggest three reasons genuine reason—and I fear it is the ly. I understand that our support may I think might genuinely explain our ex- most important reason and I wish I did not necessarily work, that there could treme hesitance and reluctance to help not have to come to this conclusion— be a failure, but I think that serious stop these conflicts in Africa, as com- but I do think there is somehow, unbe- logical steps can be taken. pared to our willingness to do it in lievably, a double standard when it Mr. President, how much time do I other parts of the world. comes to Africa. This is very bad for have remaining? First, I believe there is a genuine fear Africa, and I submit it is just as bad for The PRESIDING OFFICER. Twelve that we will get stuck in one of these the United States. minutes. situations. Some might call it the When I see President Mbeki of South Mr. FEINGOLD. Mr. President, I Vietnam syndrome, and I understand Africa and the President of the Peo- would like to, just very briefly, indi- that, having been a young opponent of ple’s Republic of China, Jiang Zemin, cate some of the steps that have been the Vietnam war myself in my college get together at a news conference and taken in the Congo pursuant to what is years. I remember the song entitled comment about how they are tired of called the Lusaka agreement that sug- ‘‘Knee Deep in the Big Muddy.’’ That having one country calling all the gests to me this is a situation worth was a symbol for our generation of how shots in the world, I see fertile ground supporting if at all possible. we were stuck in Vietnam. I am sure for resentment against the United The countries involved, including the many people worry about that. States that can hurt us today and can Congo itself, and some of the rebel I submit we are already stuck in Bos- especially hurt America and our chil- groups, have signed this Lusaka agree- nia and Kosovo, and I believe we be- dren and grandchildren in the future. ment that set up something called a

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00023 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S3880 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 11, 2000 joint military commission. This joint of throwing money in the Congo to Mandela is trying to help with. None of military commission is committed to make ourselves feel better. I believe we these countries should be involved in doing the job of actually enforcing the should support financially—and in the Congo conflict. They have problems peace and making sure the parties other ways—the efforts for peace in the of their own. withdraw from the other countries. Congo. We must try. Angola, which I have described as one In order to get to phase 2 of this op- Again, why must we try? I think be- of the most horrifying situations in Af- eration that is now contemplated, a cause this is a test—it is a very tough rica, should not be having troops up in number of things had to happen. The test—but it is a test of whether the this area for whatever reason, perhaps joint military commission had to be United States really does have a double because of their conflict within their created, and an initial 90 observers standard vis-a-vis Africa. To abandon own country. We can cause this to be a from the U.N. had to be deployed. That the Congo without an effort would be a more localized problem that perhaps was done. But before the next phase strong signal that we intend to aban- we could deal with. goes forward—the one that involves don all of Africa. Namibia certainly should not have some 5,500 U.N. troops and personnel— We must try, even though we have troops up in the Democratic Republic a number of other things had to happen tried in other situations with great dif- of the Congo, nor should the other as well. ficulty—such as Kosovo and Bosnia and countries, when all it does is drain There had to be a functioning cease- Haiti. Let me again suggest I think we their resources and causes problems fire. Although it has not worked at all went too headlong into those situa- over their borders. times—and at the moment is in a little tions. I do not think we were careful to And, of course, Zimbabwe. Talk bit of trouble because of the conflict take the measured steps that are being about any country in the world that between Uganda and Rwanda—on the done in this case. And that led to our should not be using its resources right whole, it has succeeded in the last complete, abject failure to act with re- now to fight a war in the Congo, when month. Second, it was essential that gard to Rwanda. As I have said, even it has such desperate economic and po- all these parties come together and with regard to Somalia, mistakes were litical problems at this time. Even pick one person as a facilitator of the made. But I think that is because it South Africa suffers in its tremendous process of national dialogue. After a was, again, an example of an all-or- struggle to become one of the great na- number of efforts, they did so, by ap- nothing approach, with no clear mis- tions of the world as long as this Congo pointing President Masire, the former sion, and no exit strategy. conflict continues. President of Botswana. I think this is different. I think this Let us be realistic, but let us also be They had to create an operational ar- has the potential to work, although it open to the possibility of trying in the rangement of the U.N. MONUC group is difficult, because it is measured and Congo. Let us not have a double stand- and the JMC to coordinate, and they it is an African-dominated approach. ard where we act with great rhetoric did it. They had to have a signed com- I think we have to try because at this and words of ‘‘never again’’ in so many mitment by the parties of the conflict time in human history the crimes places in the world, but when it comes guaranteeing security and freedom of against Africa have to be halted. I do to Africa, we seem to be unable to act. movement and access for the U.N. not have time to talk about the slave Mr. President, I appreciate the oppor- team. And they did it. trade, the gap between the rich and the tunity to speak. So now we come to the point of poor, the use of these countries as a I yield the floor and suggest the ab- where additional steps, hopefully, can playing field for colonial powers during sence of a quorum. be taken. We are now looking at get- the cold war. But we cannot extol this The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ting into the second phase of this peace new global economy and trade around clerk will call the roll. operation, including developing plans the world and have these African na- The bill clerk proceeded to call the to disengage and withdraw the troops tions treated forever as hopeless and roll. from the various countries and parties fundamentally different. Mr. BURNS. Mr. President, I ask that have signed this agreement, and We must try, in fact, because the unanimous consent that the order for the conducting of an inter-Congolese lofty rhetoric of U.S.-Africa trade be- the quorum call be rescinded. dialog that could lead to a genuine comes something of a cruel hoax on the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without democratic country, and to develop people of Africa if we are not going to objection, it is so ordered. these plans with the JMC. confront the brutality, the chaos, and f If that is accomplished, and only if even the genocide in the very nations these steps are accomplished, would we with whom we claim we want to have MILITARY CONSTRUCTION go forward to the final steps, phase 3, improved trade. APPROPRIATIONS ACT, 2001 which involves verifying the with- We must try because I think it truly The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under drawal of foreign forces, normalizing hurts America in the world’s eyes, at a the previous order, the Senate will now border security, and, yes, finally, critical time in our role as a world proceed to the consideration of S. 2521, again, after all these years, the con- leader, if we are perceived as being un- which the clerk will report by title. ducting of a democratic election. willing to help African nations when The legislative clerk read as follows: So what I am seeing here, although it they desperately need that help. A bill (S. 2521) making appropriations for is certainly not perfect, is a measured Finally, to return to my initial military construction, family housing, and step-by-step approach—not an all-or- theme—because each situation in Afri- base realignment and closure for the Depart- nothing approach—but a step-by-step ca is different, and yet interrelated—if ment of Defense for the fiscal year ending approach, led by the African countries. we help move this process forward, this September 30, 2001, and for other purposes. That is something I think we should Lusaka agreement, involving coopera- The Senate proceeded to consider the encourage and even admire because it tion between the U.N. and the joint bill. is so very difficult to do in this situa- military commission, it cannot only The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- tion. give Congo what it has always deserved ator from Montana. For me, there is a sufficient record to and never had—real peace, self-deter- Mr. BURNS. Mr. President, I am say, we must try to do something—not mination and hope—but it can help its pleased to bring before the Senate the send U.S. troops, not send a huge neighbors. military construction appropriations United Nations force of 30,000 or 40,000 Rwanda is greatly destabilized and bill and report for fiscal year 2001. This people, as some have wondered about. threatened because of this conflict in bill reflects the bipartisan approach It may not work, and we may ulti- the Congo. Uganda has a very problem- that the ranking member, Senator mately have to say no to doing more, atic border with the Congo, and other MURRAY of Washington, and I have as tragic as failure would be—but based countries, and is now in conflict with tried to maintain regarding military on the facts that I have witnessed and Rwanda because they are in the Congo construction on this subcommittee. It learned about, I think we must try. together. That would help alleviate has been a pleasure to work with Sen- We must not wash our hands of this that situation. Burundi has enormous ator MURRAY and her staff. They have or just say that it would be an example problems of its own, which President been very cooperative throughout this

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00024 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY May 11, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3881 whole process. That is very important and many of my colleagues. In Mon- gun violence, and my strong support of because we take our jobs here very se- tana, we have the greatest example of this weekend’s Million Mom March, I riously and this appropriations bill a unified Red Horse Division at was rather surprised by that sugges- very seriously. Malmstrom Air Force Base. It is made tion. I assure my colleagues that this This bill was reported out of the full up of Regular Air Force and Reserves debate is too important to be delayed Appropriations Committee on May 9. and is working very well. any longer. The bill recommended by the Com- This comes at a time when our coun- While I support the majority leader’s mittee on Appropriations is for try is so heavily dependent on the concern about a family obligation I $8,634,000,000. The bill is $600 million Guard and Reserve to maintain our have; namely, my son is going to be over the budget request and approxi- presence around the world. For exam- married, there is no excuse for not de- mately $292 million over last year’s en- ple, the President’s budget request was bating this legislation—especially the acted level. However, there are some for only $222 million for all of the Re- absence of any one Member. considerations we must make. More serve components and the National If this had been a concern of the ma- importantly, the legislation reflects a Guard. That was just not enough. jority leader, perhaps he could have reduction of $1.2 billion from just 4 Recognizing this chronic shortfall, spoken to me personally before incor- years ago—a decrease of almost 12 per- we have again lent support by adding rectly citing me as the reason why the cent. $359 million to these accounts. Senate would not be debating gun vio- We sought to recommend to the Sen- In each case, the funds will help sat- lence today. ate a balanced bill, and we believe it isfy the essential mission; quality of I would like to remind the majority addresses the key military construc- life, and, of course, our readiness re- leader that, on November 4, I came to tion requirements for readiness, for quirements. the floor, in the wake of a fatal shoot- family housing, barracks, quality of We fully fund the budget request for ing in my home State, and urged the life, and the Guard and Reserve compo- the base realignment and closure ac- Members of the Senate to work with nents. count by funding $1.17 billion to con- me on commonsense solutions to gun As my colleagues well know, we take tinue the ongoing BRAC process and violence. Since that time, it has been into strong consideration the Guard consumate the remaining closures and the congressional majority that has and Reserve components because we realignments. prevented this much needed debate have seen a shift in our force structure. As you know, in this line particu- from taking place, and it is the con- Our force structure has shifted from larly, it has been very troubling to this gressional majority today that, again, Regular Army, Air Force, Navy, and committee that environmental cleanup refuses to address this vital issue. Marines to Reserve and Guard compo- has really soaked up a lot of our fund- I would like to remind my colleagues nents. When we started to do that, we ing that should have been used for that, on average, 12 children die every found that around this country our in- quality of life. day from gunfire. We cannot wait any frastructure was lacking for training of We will work very closely with the longer. Mr. President, I will now turn to the these personnel. Senate Armed Services Committee as This bill honors a commitment we issue before us. we put together a conference package I again am pleased to be here with have to our armed forces. It helps en- for military construction. my chairman, Senator BURNS, in rec- sure that housing and infrastructure This bill also includes year 2000 sup- ommending the fiscal year 2001 mili- needs of the military are given proper plemental funding for the Department tary construction appropriations bill recognition. of Defense in peacekeeping operations to the Senate for its approval. Also, I am pleased to report to the in Kosovo and other requirements. This is an unusual bill this year be- Senate that the bill is within the com- The chairman of the full Appropria- cause it contains emergency supple- mittee’s 302(b) budget allocation for tions Committee, Senator STEVENS, mental funding for a number of defense both budget authority and outlays. will speak to these issues as we move items not related to military construc- This bill has some points I want to along. tion, including U.S. participation in mention. It includes $3.5 billion to pro- I urge the Members of the Senate to the Kosovo peacekeeping operation and vide better and more modern family support this bill and to move it forward in the Colombia counternarcotics ini- housing for our service personnel and as quickly and as expeditiously as we tiative. their families. possibly can. I will defer to my ranking member on On another quality-of-life measure, Now I yield to my good friend, the the full committee, Senator BYRD, and we have added substantially to the distinguished Senator from Wash- others, to address the items in the sup- budget request for barracks construc- ington, Mrs. MURRAY. plemental portion of this bill, and I The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- tion projects. The bill provides $712 will confine my remarks to the mili- ator from Washington. million for 43 projects throughout the tary construction portion of the bill. Mrs. MURRAY. Mr. President, I am United States and overseas. This fund- This bill provides a total of $8.634 bil- pleased to be on the floor today to offer ing will provide single service members lion in new spending authority for a more favorable living environment the fiscal year 2001 military construc- military construction for fiscal year wherever they are stationed. tion appropriations bill. I thank Sen- 2001. The committee also provides $101 ator BURNS, the chairman of our com- This level of funding exceeds the million for 14 environmental compli- mittee, and his staff, for being so good President’s budget request for military ance projects. in a great bipartisan manner, in being construction by $600 million, and pro- We also address the shortfalls that able to work this bill through again vides nearly $300 million above the continue to plague our Reserve compo- this year. I publicly thank him for his amount appropriated for fiscal year nents. work with me in a really solid manner. 2000. As our active force grows smaller, we I appreciate the way he has done that. Nevertheless, as usual, this bill are more dependent than ever on our Before I address this bill, I want to comes up short of what the services Guard and Reserve for the maintenance address some comments that were need to meet their infrastructure re- of our national security. I continue to made about me on this floor by the ma- quirements. be greatly alarmed that the Depart- jority leader just a short time ago. At the risk of sounding like a broken ment of Defense takes no responsibility While I was taking part in a hearing record, I once again urge the adminis- for ensuring that our Reserve compo- of the Senate Commerce Committee as tration to increase the budget for mili- nents have adequate facilities. part of my work to improve pipeline tary construction. For the members of the Guard and safety in this country, I understand the This is a bricks-and-mortar bill. Reserve, quality of life, too, is very im- majority leader suggested that my There is nothing glamorous or ‘‘gee- portant. It is all about buildings and it schedule was a reason why a debate on whiz’’ about aircraft hangars or bar- is all about facilities from which they commonsense gun control was not racks or armories. work and perform their mission. going to take place today. But this is an essential bill, and the Their lack of regard for the total Given the work that I have done over projects that it funds are vital to our force concept very much concerns me the years to protect young people from men and women in uniform.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00025 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S3882 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 11, 2000 As many of my colleagues have into a period of morning business for The Brady bill was fought tooth and pointed out to me in the course of de- the Senator from New Jersey to speak. nail before it was passed. The Brady veloping this bill, the President’s budg- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without bill gave Government time to check et barely scratches the surface or infra- objection, it is so ordered. out these individuals who are applying structure needs. Under the previous order, the Sen- for guns or gun ownership at such a The requests that Senator BURNS and ator from New Jersey is recognized for prolific rate that we ought to have I have received this year address com- 30 minutes. some measure of control. Well, after a pelling needs throughout the services, f long debate and a lot of suffering, had and I wish that we had the resources to GUN VIOLENCE Jim Brady, who was shot while an at- fund more of them. tempt was made on the life of Presi- Senator BURNS and his staff deserve a Mr. LAUTENBERG. Mr. President, I dent Reagan, not wheeled himself great deal of credit for their dedicated am going to continue discussing the around the Capitol, it never would have and thoughtful approach in drafting issue we were talking about earlier. In passed. this bill. my earlier remarks, while talking What was the effect of the Brady As always, they have worked very about trade, we talked about the value bill—the thing the gun lobby was so hard to produce a balanced, bipartisan of trade with the sub-Saharan nations, afraid of that would ‘‘impair freedom″? product that takes into account both whose economic subjugation created Baloney, as we say. Well, 500,000 people the concerns of the Senate and the all kinds of problems. We talked about were prevented from getting guns, needs of the military. the economic strangulation that pre- thank the Lord. What would have hap- In particular, they have done a su- sents so many problems and creates vi- pened? Those 500,000 people who were perb job of continuing to shine the olence and corruption and lawlessness not qualified either by virtue of per- spotlight on the quality of life projects in some of these countries. We are hop- sonal characteristics, background, a that are so important to our men and ing that this trade can suppress those tendency toward violence, or trouble, women in uniform, and to their fami- differences and that violence. could have gotten guns. Thank good- I was making the point that we in lies. ness they were not able to get guns. At a time when military enlistment this country have a problem of our own We wonder whether or not, with a and retention are declining—and the regarding gun violence, which is very Million Moms March imminent on detrimental to the harmonious func- services are unable to match the finan- Mother’s Day, anybody thinks mothers tioning within our society. We have cial incentives of the private sector— are clamoring to leave their homes and quality of life issues are amplified in these huge differences between those march in protest because they have importance. who think that ‘‘guns unlimited’’ nothing better to do on Mother’s Day. Quality of life issues do not diminish ought to be the rule. I had the oppor- That is the most revered holiday, next the importance of readiness projects, tunity to hear a brilliant author, Gary to Christmas, that we have in our soci- but we must not dismiss their role in Wills, talk about why it is that people ety. It is when people flock to see recruiting and retaining our military distrust Government. One of the issues moms. I know my children want to see personnel. he brings up—and I am paraphrasing their mother. My grandchildren want Within the budget constraints that some here—is that when people see we are all forced to operate this year, that violence pervades our society, we to see their mother. A lot of them in this bill attempts to meet the most ur- have to have some sense of a regula- my family will be out there marching gent and timely military construction tion. He pointed out that if we didn’t because they are sick and tired of wor- needs with very limited resources. have regulations on our highways, rying about whether or not their chil- All of the major construction highway safety programs, our system dren, when they go to school to learn, projects that we have funded have been would be rendered useless because peo- to sing, to play, to make friends, are authorized. ple would be afraid to go out on the going to get shot, are going to get as- In addition, we have ensured ade- highways because of the mayhem it saulted, are going to get killed or quate funding for family housing and would create. wounded in such a way that they never barracks construction. I think it is a fairly simple thing to recover. That doesn’t only mean those However, I remain concerned that understand that if you were able to who were hit with a bullet. It means the nation’s overall investment in drive as fast as you wanted on either friends who saw their classmates at military infrastructure continues to side of the road, we would be killing Columbine lying down and trying to lag, and I hope we will see a more ro- and maiming one another. I don’t un- crawl out windows to get away from bust effort in future budgets. derstand why it is that we can’t have the madness, in fear for their lives. This is an extremely important bill some sensible gun violence control in What was the impact of that for our nation and our military forces. this country, some regulation. Why is throughout the school? Did the wound- URNS, and I again commend Senator B this one part of our society so exempt ing stop with those hit with a bullet? I thank the staff of the Appropriations from any kind of sensible regulation Or do those wounds go on forever? Committee, including Sid Ashworth, that says a person who wants to buy a Some lost friends who were 16 and 17 Christina Evans, and Sonia King, as gun ought to be qualified physically years old—kids in the prime of life. well as Mark Borreson, a fellow on my and emotionally to do so, and that if Those wounds will last forever. So it is staff, for their excellent work in pro- they want to buy a gun they ought not not only those who are involved in the ducing the bill. have any history of violent behavior? fracas; it is everybody—all of us across Mr. President, I look forward to com- I wrote legislation regarding spousal the country. pleting action on this important piece abuse. I said anybody convicted of a Look at the physical cost: metal de- of legislation. misdemeanor for spousal abuse ought tectors, guards, cameras, rigid proc- Mr. President, I yield the floor and not to be able to own a gun. I had ter- esses for transportation. It costs a for- suggest the absence of a quorum. tune. Frankly, I think we should just The PRESIDING OFFICER. The rific resistance in this place. I could put a lid on this proliferation of guns clerk will call the roll. not get it through, really. Finally, we The legislative clerk proceeded to got it through as a piece of legislation and stop the unlicensed gun dealers call the roll. on a budget. from selling guns and not asking any Mr. BURNS. Mr. President, I ask What has happened in 31⁄2 years? questions of the buyer—‘‘buyers anony- unanimous consent that the order for Well, 33,000 people who are not quali- mous’’—at gun shows across the coun- the quorum call be rescinded. fied by virtue of violence against a try. If you want to buy guns, just put The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without spouse or their children—domestic your money down, brother, and you can objection, it is so ordered. abusers—have been prevented from get- have all the guns you want and walk f ting guns, where maybe they pointed a away. You could be one of the 10 most gun at somebody and said, ‘‘If you wanted criminals in the United States MORNING BUSINESS don’t listen to me, I will blow your on the FBI’s Ten Most Wanted list. Mr. BURNS. Mr. President, I ask brains out.’’ I think it was a positive Even if they recognize you, they have unanimous consent that the Senate go measure. no obligation in the States that don’t

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00026 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY May 11, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3883 have control because the Federal Gov- scratched and clawed our way through able to do so, A, if the gun had been ernment doesn’t have it all; they are a few victories such as Brady and the properly protected from reach by a under no obligation to say, hey, we assault weapons ban. child; or, B, if the gun had had a safety know you are sought after. We know We are on this floor now because the lock, the child wouldn’t have been able you are a criminal. world changes on Mother’s Day. On to operate it. There are no rules. We ought to stop Mother’s Day, the political landscape We also ought to study—I know the that and we ought to make a pledge to will undergo a seismic shock. There is Senator from California wants to talk the mothers who are going to be out a classic sign in the movie ‘‘Network’’ about this—the marketing of guns to there on Sunday that we are going to where a TV commentator shouts, ‘‘I juveniles. She spoke about it a few mo- do something about it, instead of sit- am mad as hell, and I’m not going to ments ago. I heard her talk about it. It ting on our hands over a year since take it anymore.’’ And that leads to a was so clear and so precise that it is Columbine. It is almost a year now spontaneous reaction where families hard to argue against it. since we passed the gun show loophole heave their TV set out the window. Why shouldn’t we examine what it is closure in this body and sent it over to That is what the Million Mom March we are doing to convince little kids the House as part of a conference. That is. It is a spontaneous assemblage of that their mark of maturity is going to is what we do here. The House and the ordinary citizens who are not going to be to own a gun? I don’t understand Senate confer and they try to agree on take it anymore. It is bigger, more pas- why. a bill. They don’t want to act on it. sionate, and more widespread than any When it comes to guns, we are talk- The action is no action. That inaction movement we have seen in years. It is ing about deadly weapons. We are not is the rule because they don’t want to a movement more powerful and more talking about play toys that might bring up the gun issue. It is too sen- numerous than any of us could ever turn over or something such as that. sitive. It might be too offensive to the have hoped. This is automatically associated with NRA. It might be too offensive to the When the mothers of this Nation killing, with death, with injury—a gun gun lobby. We are saying, no, we have gather on Constitution Avenue, their in the wrong hands. to do something about it. The least collective footsteps will sound like a No, we are not saying that every gun thing we are going to do today is offer shot heard around the world. They are owner is out for murder. We are not a resolution and, we hope, get it not going to put up with lame excuses saying every gun owner is out to hurt passed. from Congress about why the Lauten- people, but there are enough people We ask those on the other side who berg amendment is bottled up. They that it makes an enormous difference won’t join us to stand up in front of the are not going to put up with any more whether or not guns are out there in American public and say: I don’t think reasons about why we can’t pass the the hands of the wrong people. We you are entitled to send your child to a most basic, commonsense gun meas- ought to make sure they are not being safe school; you have to run the risk. ures. sold as toys. These are all commonsense measures. After all, guns are more important Let me say to George Bush, and any- They passed this Senate as part of a ju- than my kids or my grandchildren. I one else who is standing in the way of venile justice bill just about a year ago can tell you that the so-called ‘‘free- closing the gun show loophole, that our next week. It was sent over to the dom to own a gun and maim people,’’ mothers are watching. On Mother’s House. We got our conference com- and the Constitution says you are al- Day, the mothers of this Nation will mittee together. lowed to shoot at anybody you want to, give us the gift of common sense. There How much time do I have, Mr. Presi- is not a matter—in the wildest imagi- is a new force in the country today and dent? nation—of the second amendment. its name is Mom. Today we are simply The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Mr. President we have a limit of giving this body a chance to not make ator has 14 minutes remaining. time. How much time do I have re- Mom too angry. Mr. LAUTENBERG. Mr. President, I maining? I thank the Senator and yield any would like to yield 10 minutes to my The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. time I have not used to the Senator colleague from California. ALLARD). The Senator has 20 minutes. from New Jersey. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Mr. LAUTENBERG. I want to give as The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ator from California is recognized. much time as my colleague from New ator from New Jersey. Mrs. BOXER. Mr. President, I thank York needs, not more than 7 minutes. Mr. LAUTENBERG. I thank the Sen- my friend from New Jersey. Let me The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ator from New York. echo what he has said on the floor in ator from New York. Mr. President, we are in morning this matter—that we want to protect Mr. SCHUMER. Mr. President, I business, I believe. Is that correct? our children and our families from gun thank my colleague from New Jersey The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- violence. He will be sorely missed. for yielding. I thank him for not only ator has 17 minutes remaining in morn- I want to pick up on something that his generosity in yielding time but for ing business. was said about the million moms. I his leadership this year and last year Mr. LAUTENBERG. Mr. President, I think Senator LAUTENBERG, as a grand- on this issue, and in the 18 years he has would like to make a unanimous con- father, has spoken most eloquently as been in the Senate. We will really miss sent request. In fairness, I want to see to what the women of this country him in many ways as he goes on to a Republican on the floor before we really want. other things, but one of the most im- make that request about time. So if It is hard to generalize about it to portant reasons we will miss him is as the staff would arrange to have some- people, but I can truly say, if there is the leader in this fight to bring sensi- one come to the floor, I would appre- anyone in our society who is more self- bility and rationality to gun laws. ciate it because I want to continue less than any other, it happens to be I hope we will pass the resolution the talking about this resolution we have moms. When you love someone more Senator from New Jersey is offering already sent up to the desk. than you love yourself, that is what and that it will not be blocked. I hope We are looking for very simple, com- happens. The fact that they are coming people will let us vote because we are monsense changes. I can’t imagine any- here in such amazing numbers is truly voting in the shadow of a momentous body saying we should not prohibit ju- remarkable. I think when everyone movement that is taking place in veniles from possessing assault weap- across the Nation who is coming here America. ons. It is hard to oppose that. Does on this issue is added up, it will be a I have been fighting in the Congress anyone seriously believe juveniles need million moms. for gun control for 20 years. I have seen assault weapons? Additionally, we There is a web page for the Million the various ebbs and flows in public should require child safety locks to be Mom March. It is called the Tapestry, opinion on guns. I have seen modest sold with handguns. It is a simple step and moms are calling that site; they gun control measures, such as this one, we can take to try to protect kids who are writing their stories. bottled up in committee and picked to get a hold of guns. We know that the 6- One woman from El Cerrito writes: death by those who do the NRA’s bid- year-old who used a gun to murder an- Ten years ago, my beautiful son, Andrew, ding. I was on the front lines when we other 6-year-old would not have been killed himself with a bullet to his brain. He

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00027 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S3884 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 11, 2000 was mentally ill, and never should have been of that eagle, ‘‘Eddie the Eagle.’’ This faith take my amendment that passed able to buy a gun. I will be at the March with is the gun lobby kids’ cartoon. This is here by unanimous vote, and passed one of my daughters, who is also a mother, the eagle of the NRA. These kids are over in the House unanimously, and because something has got to bring Congress not 18. They are nowhere near 18. They start this study right now. to its senses. are babies. But no. To all who say politics Then there are several others. One What makes us think the gun lobby doesn’t matter, let me state what this wrote the following: wants to market to kids? Let’s take a wasted time means. It means that Once I wrote a letter to my Congressman look at what they say in an ad from a every day they are starting them asking him to support sensible gun laws. He firearm manufacturer: ‘‘Building the young. It means that every day, a child sent me back a three-page letter upholding the second amendment, but this had no ef- next generation of customers takes might pick up a gun because it so much fect on me as in my life I have lost my father work and commitment. But it must be fun—they see it in the ads. And they and uncle and a nephew by marriage to guns. done.’’ ‘‘Our greatest threat is the lack can pick up a gun and accidentally in- One was murder, one was a suicide, and one of a future customer base.’’ ‘‘We con- jure themselves or someone else. was accidental. Had guns not been around tinue to look for every opportunity to It is an unbelievable situation that a and easy to get, none of these untimely and reach young people. . . .’’ year after we passed five sensible gun sad deaths would have occurred. There shouldn’t be any question measures, we have done nothing. We are at a time in our history when about it. Just as Joe Camel was aimed Let me close with something from we can look back at what is happening at kids, so is Eddie the Eagle aimed at the Million Mom March from Janet to our people. When I was a young kids. Lazar of Menlo Park, CA. Listen to mom—now I am a grandmom—the rea- Here is Joe Camel, the cartoon this. son I got involved in politics was that version of the camel advertisement. As a social worker for children and fami- I thought the Vietnam war was wrong. Here is the gun lobby kids’ cartoon. It lies, I have heard the voices of many children I marched with my children in Cali- is hard to do this all in 10 minutes, but who have become victims of violence. Listen fornia at that time to say enough is that is all my colleagues on the other to the still voice of a child describing her enough; let’s end the killing. side would let me have. Here are Eddie mother held at gunpoint by her father. Lis- We lost 58,168 of our valued sons and ten to the cold, dead voice of a beautiful 15- Eagle products for kids: Eddie Eagle year-old girl describe the six friends and rel- daughters in that war. For that period lunch box, Eddie Eagle Jitter Critter, atives she lost to gang warfare. Listen to her of 11 years, let’s look at the statistics 3D glasses, tattoo pac, Eddie E. B-Nee bewilderment as she wonders if she will live we have in our Nation from a different baby. to raise children of her own. Listen to the su- kind of war, a war in our streets, in our That is not marketing to grownups, icidal voice of the young man who acciden- suburbs, in our schools, in our coun- my friends; it is marketing to kids. tally killed his best friend as they fooled ties, our cities, in churches and child The gun lobby doesn’t want us to look around with an unlocked handgun. care centers: 395,441 dead. If the moms at it, but we will. She writes: of America marched to end the war in When they had the tobacco lawsuits, My heart cries for someone to listen to the Vietnam where 58,168 died—and they we were able to find out what the to- children. The time to act is now. did help end it—we can turn around bacco company said in secret memos: To the creator of the Million Mom this tragic number and win this war in ‘‘If our company is to survive and March, who is a constituent of Senator our streets. prosper...we must get our share of LAUTENBERG—and how appropriate I say straight from my heart, we will the youth market.’’ ‘‘Today’s teenager that is—I say thank you. I say thank not win this war unless people in this is tomorrow’s potential regular cus- you for caring about the children. I say body have the guts and the courage to tomer.’’ thank you for giving up your Mother’s stand up to the gun lobby. We will not Sound familiar to the gun lobby? Day and coming here. I say thank you win this war if people in this body and Look at what they say: ‘‘The greatest for taking a risk that maybe your idea in the House of Representatives do not threat we face is the lack of a future would not catch on. I say thank you for have the heart and the guts and the customer base. . . .’’ ‘‘We continue to doing what we Americans do best, act- courage to stand up to the gun lobby look for every opportunity to reach ing—acting on facts, acting on infor- and its power. I pray that we will have young people. . . .’’ mation, and, yes, acting on anger. that courage and we will have the Cigarette companies, Joe Camel, fire- It is an honor to be on the floor today strength to do it and turn around what arms company, Eddie the Eagle. with my friend, Senator LAUTENBERG. is happening. I don’t have any objection in terms of It is an honor to stand by his side as Senator LAUTENBERG has talked a family learning to hunt, but tell me we, together, fight to make sure the about the juvenile justice bill. It is what is right about teaching a 4-year- laws of this land reflect the priorities stuck in limbo, twisting in the wind in old child how to load a handgun. Yet of the people and the mothers and the the conference committee after we had this ad is proudly displayed in gun children and the families. five sensible gun laws attached to it. magazines. This child is 4 years old. Mr. LAUTENBERG. I thank the Sen- They are very sensible and include: This sums it all up. How is this for an ator from California for her ever per- closing the gun show loophole so that ad in Gun World: ‘‘Start ’em Young! sistent fight to protect children and people who shouldn’t have a gun can- There is no time like the present.’’ protect the families in this country. not get a gun at a gun show; banning This is a very young boy, maybe 15, We are going to continue, no matter the importation of high-capacity am- holding a toy gun, that looks like a what turn of events we see. We want munition clips for automatic weapons, real gun, shooting at a can of soda. It the public to be heard. Senator FEINSTEIN’s amendment; re- is a little bit of a love letter from him Mr. President, how much time do I quiring child safety devices be sold about shooting. ‘‘Start ’em Young!’’ have left? with every hand gun, Senator KOHL; an In the juvenile justice bill, I was for- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- amendment by Senator ASHCROFT that tunate enough to get through this Sen- ator has 2 minutes. says it is illegal to sell or give a semi- ate, by a unanimous vote, a study of Mr. LAUTENBERG. Mr. President, I automatic to anyone under the age of the gun dealers marketing to children. have a resolution that simply com- 18; and the fifth, requiring the Federal Guess what. ED MARKEY took that on mends the participants of the Million Trade Commission and the Attorney the House side and got the same thing Mom March this weekend for rallying General to study the extent to which passed. So we have identical amend- for their communities to demand sen- the gun industry markets to juveniles. ments in the House and Senate. Out of sible gun safety legislation. It calls on If we thought Joe Camel was bad— all of the gun amendments we passed, Congress to complete action on the ju- and we know Joe Camel was bad—let’s this is the only one that had identical venile justice bill before the Memorial look at what the National Rifle Asso- language in the House and Senate. Day recess. ciation is doing to market to our chil- What does that mean? It means we I ask unanimous consent the Senate dren. This is the beautiful, quite lovely could make this the law of the land to- proceed to the immediate consider- NRA logo with the eagle. This is their morrow if there were good faith in this ation of S. Res. 305, which was intro- logo. Here we see the cartoon version Republican Congress. We can in good duced by me, that the resolution and

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00028 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY May 11, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3885 the preamble be agreed to en bloc, and Mr. LAUTENBERG. It was a resolu- Mr. President, I yield the floor. the motion to reconsider be laid upon tion to welcome them. Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, did the the table with no intervening action. Mrs. BOXER. Let’s be clear here Senator wish to respond? The PRESIDING OFFICER. I object, about what is being objected to. This is Mr. LAUTENBERG. Can I have 1 as a Member of the Senate from the a resolution that says to the million minute? State of Colorado. moms: Thank you for caring about our Mr. WARNER. Without losing my Objection is heard. children; thank you for being good right to the floor, I yield to my col- Mr. LAUTENBERG. Mr. President, mothers; Thank you for giving up league. and ladies and gentlemen who can hear Mother’s Day to be here, to stand for a Mr. LAUTENBERG. Mr. President, I me, what an irony it is. What an irony cause that is bigger than each of us thank the Senator from Virginia for it is. The Senator from Colorado ob- separately. his always courteous response to a re- jects to simple gun safety legislation. It is hard for me to believe the Re- quest. It was disheartening to see we could What an irony it is that this place is publicans would object to welcoming not get a resolution adopted—not law, empty, but the voice of negativism the million moms to this town, moms a thought, an idea, what we would like creeps through. who are Democrats, Republicans, those I want all the million moms across to do, that says we welcome the com- declining to state—maybe they don’t the country to hear this. They are say- mitted women who are involved in the have a party. This is not a partisan ing: No, no to sensible gun safety legis- march who are going to gather in issue. lation. They are saying: No, Mom, your places across this country to protest I say to my friend, thank you for kids are going to go to school and it is the threat of violence to their children. too bad, it is too bad if some little ma- bringing this to the floor. I think the I thank our leader, and my colleague niac, or some confused child has a gun American people are finally going to from California, for being such active in his or her hand. Too bad, too bad, see who stands up for what is right. supporters of this protest against vio- Mr. LAUTENBERG. Mr. President, I unless it is their kid, God forbid. lence. I am sorry we did not have a What are we witnessing here? Fool- yield the floor, not in exhaustion, not chance to get a vote on it. I thank the ishness. The public ought to know it. in fatigue, but ours to fight another Senator from South Dakota for his They ought to stand up and shout: We day. friendly remarks as well. are not going to take it anymore. A I yield the floor. I yield the floor. million mothers marching across this Mr. President, I suggest the absence Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, this week- country—I hope they are made furious of a quorum. end, hundreds of thousands of mothers by this objection. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The and ‘‘honorary mothers’’ will convene Object to a resolution? A resolution, clerk will call the roll. in Washington, DC and communities for my friends who do not know, is not The bill clerk proceeded to call the around the country to call for sensible a law. It is simply a thought. It is the roll. gun legislation for safe kids. way we think we ought to do things. Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, I ask On Sunday, Americans will unite for We are far from legislation. We just unanimous consent that the order for the Million Mom March, the first-ever think we ought to protect children. We the quorum call be rescinded. national march for gun-safety. The think we ought to make it tougher for The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without mothers from Michigan and around the people to have guns randomly. We objection, it is so ordered. country come from all walks of life. think we ought to make it tougher for Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, I com- They live in cities, in suburbs and in young children to learn that guns are a mend our colleague, Senator LAUTEN- rural America. They are of all races, step toward manhood. They ought to BERG, for his efforts. He has done the all religions and all political persua- learn. They ought to learn. Senate a service and has called the sions. They are our friends and neigh- Remember the image—the kids at Senate and the Nation’s attention to bors, our community leaders. Columbine, the bleeding boy reaching the importance of the Million Mom On Mothers’ Day, 2000, these ‘‘moth- out the window for help: Somebody, March. I appreciate as well the partici- ers and others’’ will join together to help me before I get killed. Or the lit- pation and the leadership Senator grieve over the loss of their loved ones, tle children at the school in Califor BOXER is always able to provide for our and the loss of more than 4,000 young nia—little kids, like my grandchildren, caucus on so many issues before the people who are killed by gunfire each like your grandchild, being led by po- Senate. They have articulated very year. licemen so they could get away from a ably and admirably for our caucus Among these mothers will be gunman. Or the youngsters saying a today in expressing to all of those com- Veronica McQueen, the Michigan prayer in Waco, TX, heads bent in ing from all parts of the country how mother who lost her six year old prayer, and some idiot comes by and important it is they express them- daughter, Kayla Rolland, to gun vio- starts shooting. Or that 6-year-old selves, how important it is they exer- lence earlier this year. Ms. McQueen child killing another 6-year-old child. cise their constitutional opportunities said, ‘‘I just don’t want to see another So we cannot enact a law that says in this great country, how important it parent have to bury another baby over you have to put your gun away if you is they send a message to the rest of this, over something that is prevent- have one, so a child can’t get ahold of the country, as well as to Members of able, something that is very, very pre- it? Or make it childproof? the Congress, the critical nature of the The Republicans say: No. We have 51– ventable.’’ need to address the gun issue in an ef- 50 vote when the Vice President cast a Gun violence is preventable. But fective way. tie vote and it went to the House. The mothers can not act alone. Mothers in That is all they are coming to ex- House didn’t want to cooperate, the the Million Mom March know: In order press themselves on, and it is appro- Republican majority there said: No, no, to reduce the level of gun violence in priate at this time, and given the tre- let’s bury this thing. their homes and communities, Con- Bury it. What a terrible term. What a mendous message that numbers of gress must pass legislation to keep terrible term. Because we are talking women will send by their presence, guns out of the hands of children and about funerals and burials, instead of that we acknowledge their presence criminals. laughter, instead of love, instead of and welcome them to this city; that we Some of us in this Congress have friendship. It is a black day, a bad day tell them we are listening; that we re- heard the cry of families around this for America. I hope the million moms, solve to respond in as effective a way country and worked to pass sensible when they get together, will talk about as we can. legislation to protect our nation’s chil- this. Again, I thank the senior Senator dren. That legislation would limit ac- Mrs. BOXER. Will the Senator yield from New Jersey for his efforts, and cess to guns by prohibited persons by, for one last question? the Senator from California for partici- among other things, closing the gun Mr. LAUTENBERG. Yes. pating, for sending that message loudly show loophole— applying background Mrs. BOXER. Was it part of my and clearly and for doing all they can checks to guns sold at gun shows. friend’s resolution, welcoming the mil- to recognize the importance of what The Lautenberg-Kerrey gun show lion moms to Washington? will happen in Washington on Sunday. amendment that passed in the Senate,

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00029 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S3886 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 11, 2000 but not in the House of Representa- checks. 72 percent of the checks are For every child killed with a gun, tives, is one of the most important pro- completed within three minutes, and 95 four others are wounded. According to visions we can pass this Congress. It percent are cleared within two hours. the Centers for Disease Control, the will close the loophole that allows FBI records reveal that the five per- rate of firearm deaths of children 0–14 criminals and other prohibited persons cent of people whose background years old is twelve times higher in the to buy guns at gun shows that they checks take more than 24 hours to United States than in 25 other indus- would not otherwise be permitted to complete, are 20 times more likely to trial nations combined. purchase. have a criminal record or otherwise be Over 6,000 students were expelled in It a loophole that is often exploited prohibited from accessing weapons. 1996–97 for bringing guns to school. The by those who do not want to undergo Congress must pass legislation that Journal of the American Medical Asso- background checks—including Eric gives law enforcement up to three busi- ciation reports that between 36% and Harris and Dylan Klebold, the Col- ness days, when needed, to complete 50% of male eleventh graders believe umbine killers. Harris and Klebold used background checks at gun shows, and they could easily get a gun if they four semiautomatic assault weapons in truly close the gun show loophole. As wanted one. their now infamous attack on their of this day, Congress has failed to do In a 1997 survey, 9% of high school classmates. Of the four guns, three so, and has subsequently failed the students had carried a weapon to were purchased by Robyn Anderson at families of the Columbine victims and school during the 30 days preceding the a gun show in Adams County, Colo- others who have lost loved ones to gun- survey; 6% had a gun. rado. fire. Between July 1, 1994 and June 30, Robyn, who was 18 at the time, On this Sunday, I will march with 1998, there were 173 violent deaths in bought three semiautomatic assault the families of those victims from schools. weapons for her younger friends. She Michigan and around the country, who In a recent survey of over 100,000 later testified before the Colorado Leg- are calling on Congress to end their teenagers conducted last month, 30% islature about her purchase and the agony. In the words of one mother, it’s said they could get a gun in a few hours need to close the gun show loophole. time to turn tears into action. Con- and 11% more said they could get a gun She said: ‘‘Eric Harris and Dylan gress must pass ‘‘sensible gun laws for in one day. Klebold had gone to the Tanner gun safe kids.’’ Let’s start by closing the 1 in 5 of these teenagers have felt show on Saturday and they took me gun show loophole today. It’s time to afraid at school since the Columbine back with them on Sunday. . . While end the plague of gun violence on High School shootings a year ago. we were walking around, Eric and America’s children. 4 in 10 of these same teenagers said Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, I join Dylan kept asking sellers if they were there are guns in their homes, and my colleagues in welcoming the Mil- private or licensed. They wanted to more than half of them say they have lion Mom March to Washington this buy their guns from someone who was access to those weapons. weekend. Their campaign for sensible private—and not licensed—because In 1996, more than 1300 children aged gun control has captured the attention there would be no paperwork or back- 10–19 committed suicide with firearms. of the nation, and it deserves to cap- ground check.’’ Unlike suicide attempts using other ture the attention of Congress too. Robyn continues: ‘‘I was not asked methods, suicide attempts with gun are Their message is irresistible. Gun any questions at all. There was no nearly always fatal, which means that crimes and gun violence are a serious background check. All I had to do was a temporarily depressed teenager will challenge to the nation, and it is wrong show my driver’s license to prove that never get a second chance at life. Two- for the United States Senate to bury I was 18. Dylan got a shotgun. Eric got thirds of all completed teenage suicides its head in the sand on this funda- a shotgun and a black rifle that he involve a firearm. mental issue. More than a year has bought clips for. He was able to buy The firearm injury epidemic, due passed since the Columbine tragedy, largely to handgun injuries, is ten clips and ammunition without me hav- and we have failed to finish the job we times larger than the polio epidemic of ing to show any I.D. The sellers didn’t began last year on the Juvenile Justice the first half of this century. write down any information.’’ Bill. Democrats have repeatedly asked ‘‘I would not have bought a gun for The nation’s gun laws are a disgrace. for the House and Senate conferees to Eric and Dylan if I had had to give any We need to close the gun show loop- meet and approve a final bill that in- personal information or submit any hole, support child safety locks on cludes the Senate-passed gun control guns, and provide greater resources for kind of check at all. I think it was provisions. We wait and wait and wait, strict enforcement of the gun laws now clear to the sellers that the guns were while schools and children across the on the books. for Eric and Dylan. They were the ones country continue to suffer from the The guns used to kill nine of the 13 asking all the questions and handling epidemic of gun violence that plagues people murdered at Columbine High all the guns.’’ so many of our communities. Robyn concluded: ‘‘I wish a law re- Too many children are in continuing School were purchased at a gun show. quiring background checks had been in danger of gun violence in their homes The woman who bought the guns for effect at the time. I don’t know if Eric and schools and neighborhoods. These Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold said and Dylan would have been able to get are not new problems, but they have that she would never have purchased guns from another source, but I would become increasingly serious, and it is those guns if she had to submit her not have helped them. It was too easy. irresponsible for Congress to look the name for a background check. I wish it had been more difficult. I other way and ignore them. More than 800 Americans, young and wouldn’t have helped them buy the Our goal is to support parents, old, die each year from guns fired by guns if I had faced a background youths, educators, law enforcement au- children under the age of 19. It check.’’ thorities, and communities. We have a shouldn’t take a Columbine, a The Columbine killers took advan- shared responsibility to find solutions Jonesboro, or an urban drive-by shoot- tage of the gun show loophole and the to these problems. Fifty million school ing to persuade us to act. result was deadly. Congress has the children are waiting for our answer. Perhaps six-year-old Kayla Rolland chance to close this loophole with the The greatest tragedy of the school would be alive today if the gun that Lautenberg amendment. That amend- shootings across the nation is they her classmate used had a child safety ment requires prospective purchasers have not shocked us into doing every- lock on it. to undergo background checks at gun thing we can to prevent them in the fu- Perhaps a 13-year-old school girl in shows and gives law enforcement up to ture. By refusing to learn from these Deming, New Mexico and a school vice- three business days to those checks if tragedies, Congress is condemning the principal in Philadelphia, Pennsyl- there is any potentially disqualifying country to repeat them. How many vania would still be alive if the young information—as set forth in the cur- wake-up calls will it take before Con- shooters did not have access to the rent Brady law. gress finally responds? guns. Honest, law-abiding Americans are Current statistics on children and American children are more at risk not affected by these background guns are unacceptable. from firearms than the children of any

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00030 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY May 11, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3887 other industrial nation. In a recent One in 910 American children die be- MILITARY CONSTRUCTION APPRO- year, firearms killed no children in cause of the misuse of guns before the PRIATIONS ACT, 2001—Continued Japan, 19 children in Great Britain, 57 age of 20. Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I make children in Germany, 109 children in American children under the age of a parliamentary inquiry. Are we now France, 153 children in Canada—and 15 are twelve times more likely to die out of morning business and on the 5,285 children in the United States. from gunfire than children in 25 other bill? Shame on the National Rifle Associa- industrialized countries combined. The PRESIDING OFFICER. We are tion, shame on the Republican Party, Seventy-seven percent of murder vic- on the military construction bill. and shame on the United States Con- tims aged 13–17 are killed by a firearm. Mr. WARNER. Fine. gress for tolerating figures like that. Mr. President, in the course of the Last year: My fervent hope is that the Million deliberations before the Senate Appro- Mom March will succeed where so 4,205 children and teens were killed priations Committee on this measure, many other efforts in recent years have by gunfire; the distinguished senior Senator from failed, and that Congress at long last 2,562 were murdered by gunfire; West Virginia, Mr. BYRD—former ma- will be persuaded to act. The irresist- 1,262 committed suicide using a fire- jority leader of the Senate; one who ible force of the Million Mom March is arm; and has served in the Senate 41 years— about to meet the immoveable object 306 died from an accidental shooting. brought before that committee an of Congress—and I intend to do all I Each day: amendment entitled the Byrd-Warner can to see that the immoveable object Two children under the age of 5 are amendment dealing with the issue of of Congress finally moves. murdered; the balance of power in the Constitu- Mr. ROCKEFELLER. Mr. President, I Six children and youths under 20 tion between the executive branch, the am proud today to recognize and wel- commit suicide; President, and the legislative branch, come the visit to Washington, DC by a the Congress of the United States, as it Ten children and youths under 20 are group of my fellow West Virginians for relates to matters of foreign policy homicide victims; and this Sunday’s ‘‘Million Mom March.’’ but, most particularly, as it relates to The Million Mom March, coinciding Twelve children and youth under 20 the matter—and perhaps the most im- with Mothers’ Day, is a grassroots ef- die from firearm misuse. portant entrusted to both the Presi- fort led by people across the country— Between 1979 and 1997, gunfire killed dent of the United States and the Con- Dads and Kids included—dedicated to nearly 80,000 children and teens in gress—the most important matter of educating our children and our nation America—25,000 more than the total when the President, as Commander in about guns; both the dangers posed by number of American soldiers killed in Chief, sends beyond the shores of our their misuse and the tragic toll this battle in Vietnam. great Nation men and women in uni- misuse has taken on our country’s Firearms wounded an additional form into harm’s way in the cause of youth, their friends, and their families. 320,000 children during this same pe- peace. The people who attend this event here riod. This week, those of us on the Repub- in Washington will have gathered in In that period, more than 25,000 chil- lican side of the aisle had our weekly the parking lots of schools, churches, dren took their own lives with fire- luncheon, as did our good friends and and synagogues across the country, and arms, and nearly 10,000 died as a result colleagues on the other side of the will have come here to let those of us of an accidental shooting. aisle. At our luncheon, Senator STROM in Congress know, in no uncertain In 1997, my home state of West Vir- THURMOND stood and asked if we could terms, that we need to be doing more ginia lost 23 children younger than 20 observe a moment of silence as he re- to protect our children. to firearm misuse, up seven from the counted the closing day of World War I am pleased to say that among those previous year. Nine were murdered, ten II, when hostilities ceased in Europe— relaying that message this weekend committed suicide, and three were the the bloodiest of all wars, in which will be a delegation of Moms from West victims of accidents. 292,000 men and women, wearing the Virginia, many with their entire fami- uniform of the Armed Services of the lies in tow. As they point out, one dif- Mr. President, last year the United States Senate passed the Juvenile Jus- United States, lost their lives. ference many of these West Virginian You could have heard a pin drop in tice bill. Among its provisions, this bill Moms may have from others partici- that caucus as that great soldier, as contained some courageous efforts to pating in this weekend’s events is that that great statesman, asked for re- address the culture of crime and vio- they also have hunters in their own membrance of the veterans of those lence in which our children are being families. In fact, it would not surprise generations. me at all to find out that more than a raised. The bill also featured some In a very humble way, I have a brief few of the folks marching were hunters common-sense measures designed to memory. At age 17, I joined the Navy. themselves. make guns safer, and provisions to It was January of 1945. I was simply In West Virginia, we respect the keep firearms out of the hands of trained, as were thousands of other rights of law-abiding citizens to keep criminals. The Senate also sought to youngsters my age, because at that and bear arms, and we consider parents close the so-called gun show loophole. point in January, in the winter of 1945, and children hunting together to be a Sadly, our seeming inability to have both the war in Europe and the war in time-honored tradition. Yet our state any discussion about guns has kept the the Pacific were inconclusive. I simply legislature has already taken the re- conferees on this bill from reporting was at training command, waiting for sponsible step of limiting possession back to the respective houses with a the invasion of Japan. I thank God that and legal ownership of handguns to version for final passage. last battle in the Pacific never oc- those 18 and older. Now the West Vir- My purpose here today is to join the curred, not only for myself but for mil- ginian Moms join with their counter- Million Moms in calling attention to lions of others who would have been in- parts from around the nation to de- the bottom line. We live in a society in volved. mand that Members of Congress re- which the lives of children are trag- I look back very humbly on the mod- spond appropriately to the epidemic of ically at risk because of the virtually est contribution I made in uniform, American children killed and injured unfettered availability of guns. Our re- both in that war and again during the by accidents and crime involving guns. spect for the constitutional rights of Korean war, where I served in the Ma- Unfortunately, all too often when we gun owners should never overwhelm rines for a brief period. in Congress discuss the misuse of guns, the love and caring we have for our The military did far more for me the debate turns into a pointless back- children. I commend the Moms, from than I did for the military. Today, that and-forth about whether we have too West Virginia and around the country, 17-year-old sailor as of 1945 is privi- many gun laws, or too few. Rather than who come to remind us what our prior- leged to be the chairman of the Armed engage in that debate, I would just in- ities should be. Services Committee of the Senate, a vite my colleagues to consider these The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- dream I thought would never be ful- staggering statistics: ator from Virginia has the floor. filled.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00031 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S3888 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 11, 2000 I again reiterate, my service was decision. Congress has an obligation to What a desperate, desperate cauldron modest. On both sides of the aisle, share with the President in the making of humanity. I expect that at one time there are men who have served and of that decision. That is my point. or another in our deliberations in this show the scars of war, who understand That is what this amendment is about. body on Bosnia and Kosovo, every the burden on the President of the We have not really fully shared in Member has availed themselves of the United States as he sends forth troops that decisionmaking since World War history of this region. As many times into harm’s way. I respect these indi- II. Yes, we have the power to declare as I have been there—I believe I was viduals greatly for their knowledge, for war under the Constitution. We also the first U.S. Senator to go into Sara- having borne the pain in the field of have the sole power over the purse—the jevo in September of 1992, at the height battle, unlike myself. But I was there power to decide whether that President of the fighting of the civil war in that when others did. can utilize the taxpayers’ contribution town. I remember the French, who The point of this is the gravity of the each year in the operations of the were controlling such security as was decision to send forth our people—the United States. available, just in an airport where we sons and the daughters of people from Just this week, the Armed Services were trying to bring in Red Cross sup- every village and town across this Na- Committee concluded its bill—roughly plies and food, put me in an armored tion. $309 billion—to provide for the Armed vehicle and drove me around the town. I recount World War II. I then go to Forces of the United States. It is the We looked out through a little slit and Korea, again, where I served as a young biggest money bill that goes through firing was going on. Marine officer. Over 50,000 men and here. It will be brought to the floor A French colonel and a former For- women lost their lives in that conflict. next week, hopefully. eign Legionnaire said, ‘‘I have fought That is what I am talking about—the During the course of the Vietnam in battles all over the world, and I can- power of the purse. Our committee au- conflict, I was privileged to serve in not understand this one.’’ The Cro- thorizes, and the committee under the the Navy as Undersecretary of the atians, Bosnians, Serbians were fight- Senator from Alaska, Mr. STEVENS, and Navy and then as Secretary of the ing each other. He said, ‘‘If you saw the distinguished cosponsor of this Navy. I was there 5 years, 4 months, them in a room, you could not tell the amendment, Mr. BYRD, then make the and 3 days. Over 50,000 men and women difference. Most are well-educated peo- decisions on the appropriations against ple.’’ He said, ‘‘In all my years of com- lost their lives, not to mention the the authorization. That is what this number of those wounded. amendment is about. It is about how bat in far-flung places of the world, I The point I make is, the last time we conduct the expenditure in this have never seen the violence that these this Nation declared war was World bill—$2 billion-plus for Kosovo alone— people can inflict on one another. I War II. Yet since that time we have how we go about spending the tax- have never seen anything like it.’’ That violence raged for years, until sent men and women into harm’s way, payers’ money for that. How does it di- the U.N. and then NATO forces finally beyond our shores, over 100 times. rectly relate to the safety and welfare We never declared war in the Korean came in and stabilized peace in that re- of those brave men and women of the conflict. As a matter of fact, it was gion. The war in Kosovo, we know well. U.S. Armed Forces who are marching called the forgotten war. We never de- through, or patrolling through, or We did everything we could at the dip- clared war in Vietnam, a war that not standing watch night and day in lomatic table. There were negotiations only brought tremendous casualties on Kosovo? and valiant efforts by many. Not only the field of battle and a wrenching ex- Mr. President, I first went to Kosovo the U.S, but, indeed, many nations perience to the families—as each war in 1990 with then-leader Bob Dole. tried to deal with Milosevic and to does—but it divided this Nation. In- There was a group of four or five of us. avoid the fighting. The rest is history. deed, it was the people of this Nation I remember that trip very well. I re- For 78 days, an air war was conducted who rose up and, finally, through their member that we exited rather speedily in which the United States of America elected representatives in Congress, from Kosovo because there was a riot flew roughly 70 percent of the missions. provided the basis for the withdrawal developing. So many people wanted to Five or six other nations had their of our troops from that conflict. see the American Senators, wanted to fighters, and they did the best they That is what this amendment is all tell the American Senators about the could. It was a consortium of nations. about. It is a decision of power between cruelty and the deprivation of human Why did the U.S. have the largest the executive and the legislative rights that was then, in 1990, being in- burden? Very simply, we had the most branches. It is assuming the responsi- flicted on the people of Kosovo— modern equipment. It was a high-tech bility—the responsibility to join with Kosovo being a part of Yugoslavia— war. We employed every bit of high- the President or not join with the being inflicted by Milosevic. Little did tech equipment that we knew how to President—in sending those people be- we know that war would soon spread employ to protect the lives of the avi- yond our shores. No greater responsi- through this region—first in Bosnia, ators. That was the correct decision. bility rests upon a Member of Congress and then it would erupt in Kosovo. We gave as much as we could to our al- than that. Well, we saw those people. We went lies, but their planes simply weren’t I have had the privilege to know by the famous field where, hundreds of equipped with the high-tech guidance Presidents. I have had the privilege to years ago, the people of that region systems, radar systems, and other de- learn from my elder statesmen in this fought off the barbarian insiders and tection systems to defend themselves. Chamber—foremost among them John lost the battle. They still consider that So we flew the bulk of the missions. Stennis, John Tower, Barry Goldwater, the most hallowed ground in Kosovo. NATO is still without adequate airlift. and ‘‘Scoop’’ Jackson, all of whom That region has been subjected to We supplied the cargo planes, the troop worked on the Armed Services Com- fighting and internal strife ever since. carriers, in large measure. In that re- mittee—of how Presidents of our great Even Hitler put some 21 divisions in mote location in the airfields that ring Nation face up to that decision to go or there to try to control the Yugoslav re- Kosovo—Italy had a dozen airfields, not to go. gion, and finally he told his generals to and how valiant that country was in Stennis used to tell the story that just contain them as best they could. that battle. They turned over much of Lyndon Johnson told him. The Presi- He never could subvert that province their civil aviation, air space, and air- dent used to say to Stennis: When that because of the internal fighting. fields to allow the U.S. and allies to op- phone rings at night, and there is a Throughout the occupation of the Ger- erate their aircraft around the clock. troubled spot in the world, and I have man armies, a continuous civil war Back to this amendment. The amend- to make the decision, Do I or do I not raged among the various religious and ment is in two parts. I will refer to it send those troops? I always thought, ethnic factions in that region. The Ger- as part 1 or 2. First, it is a contribution Where is an aircraft carrier, an island mans just sort of turned their back on that I made some 21⁄2 months ago, fol- of America? What is the nearest force them. One German general said in a lowing my most recent trip to Kosovo. structure of the U.S. to this conflict? dispatch to Berlin about those who I went into that region, I think for the It is a big decision. Read the biog- died in this civil war: ‘‘Less mouths to fifth or sixth time, and I went to the raphies of our Presidents. It is a tough feed, less backs to clothe.’’ headquarters of the KFOR commander,

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00032 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY May 11, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3889 a fine German officer, well-trained. He building supplies; we will do this and We have about 15 percent of the had a modest office. We were joined by we will do that. Bernard Kouchner, the troops there. I want to make this clear. Ambassador Kouchner, who was given man in charge, simply said it is not Other nations have 85 percent of them. by the U.N. the primary responsibility being done. As a consequence, our troops and the for trying to rebuild Kosovo following So I came back home and concocted troops of other nations could be there the termination of the conflict. This an amendment in consultation with indefinitely. There is no one—I defy was January. I remember it well. There quite a few of my colleagues. I went anyone—who can come to this floor were 1 or 2 light bulbs sort of hanging about it very deliberately. I consulted and give with any precision the dates from the ceiling, and they were con- on two occasions at the White House in on which the infrastructure of that na- stantly flickering. Down the hall was a constructive meetings. The administration, and particularly its judicial sys- toilet that was inoperative because tion wasn’t at all supportive of this tem, a police system, and other nec- there wasn’t enough power. You had to venture; that is, on the face of the essary infrastructure, can enable the flush it by taking a big bucket of water draft that I had. But I had other people troops of this Nation and others to go and pouring it in. within the administration and else- home. I bring this up because Ambassador where telling me privately: JOHN, if It seems to me they needed a wake- Kouchner said to me repeatedly in the you do this, I think you will get the at- up call. That is precisely what this hour or so I was there, as the lights tention of the allies and they will begin amendment does that I partly drew up. were flickering, ‘‘We don’t have enough to fulfill the commitments they made. It simply says to our President: Re- money from our allies that fought this Whether they are dollar commitments, spectfully, Mr. President, of this $2 bil- war and others who made the commit- commitments for police, or other com- lion coming through, you can utilize a ment to get adequate power.’’ He said, mitments; they will do it. certain percentage right away to reim- I came to the floor of the Senate on ‘‘Half of the city of Pristina’’—that is burse the Department of Defense for Monday. I had quite a few cosponsors: where we were, Pristina—‘‘is freezing expenditures it has already made for The distinguished Senator STEVENS, tonight because of the inadequacy of the Kosovo operation for this fiscal the distinguished Senator INOUYE, the power, inadequacy of the housing, year to replenish the funds taken out members of the Appropriations Com- inadequacy of everything, food and the of the Department of the Army, large- mittee, and a great number of the like.’’ That was in January. That is not ly, but some out of the Navy, some out Armed Services Committee. There was an American; that is a Frenchman. of the Air Force, but 25 percent we hold nothing to file the amendment against. The general who commented on the back—that is all, 25 percent of $2 bil- But my intentions were that at such lights said, ‘‘This is the best building lion we hold back—until you can cer- time as the Kosovo supplemental came in town. We are doing our best; we are tify that you have examined, first, the through, I would put it on and have it going to make it through.’’ This was commitments of our allies, and then, printed in the RECORD. the headquarters of all the KFOR, all This thing reverberated around the second, the extent to which they have the troops. Up to 30 nations had con- world, known as the Warner amend- completed their commitments. I have tributed troops to try to bring about a ment. I take no great pride of author- been told on good authority that in all measure of stability. ship. But they had to name it some- probability the President can make The consequence of that trip and thing. But, suddenly, the allies began that certification largely with what 1 going out to visit our troops in a far re- to get the message that we mean busi- has occurred in the 2 ⁄2 months since gion—the whole area was divided into ness in the Congress of the United this Warner section of this thing has various regions: The American sector, States. We mean business. They began been made public. the French sector, the British sector. I to account for what they had done. So my amendment in large measure visited our troops in the American sec- They began to expedite their dollars. has met its goal. I thank the many people who have tor. I watched these young men from They began to expedite the building helped me and stood by the purpose of places all across the United States, materials. They began to expedite in this amendment. But had the President heavily dressed in their flack suits and some ways sending police, although not been able to certify, I said the protective vests, cold as the dickens, they are still far behind the goals. carrying weapons, but going around to other 25 percent of the money would Now, some 21⁄2 months later, I have just then be used to bring our troops home try to maintain order in these war-rav- been advised as late as yesterday by a aged communities. There was the Serb constant stream of U.N. and E.U. offi- because this Nation has fulfilled its section in the town and the Albanian cials through my office. I thank them. commitment and did its best certainly section. They quietly thanked me and those in the combat phase of this. Certainly There was an indivisible line between who supported me for bringing this in the year almost after the combat them. You couldn’t see it. But every- matter out in the public and making phase, we have done it. Now let the Eu- body knew you didn’t step across it. known the need of the allies to step up. ropeans and other nations pick up. There was very little, if any, contact The House of Representatives, Mr. If there is one thing in this bill I will bring to the floor next week for the between two factions. KASICH, called me one day with great I visited other American soldiers— respect and said: JOHN, I think your colleagues of the Armed Services Com- two and three stationed out to guard a amendment is a good one. Would you mittee, the most serious thing facing church. Our soldiers then and today are agree if I brought it up on the House us today in the military is the reten- doing all kinds of tasks at personal floor just as it is? I said: Fine. Give it tion of the middle-grade personnel, en- risk, for which in large measure they a try. listed and officer, because of the con- weren’t trained. They do not teach us There was quite a debate in the stant deployment of these individuals in boot camp how to solve marital dis- House of Representatives on that all over the world away from their fam- putes or how to solve disputes between amendment. I will put it in the RECORD ilies. We are not today able to retain shop owners who are arguing. later today. But it was only defeated sufficient numbers to keep this mili- These wonderful persons in uniform by a very few votes with basically 200 tary of ours, this magnificent military are drawing on a lifetime of American on each side. By a very few votes did it of ours, strong in the future. It is not experience with their families and go down, largely because a number of the shortage of dollars. It is not the their homes and their towns to perform Members had not really had a chance shortage of equipment in large meas- tasks that are far beyond any training to think it through. ure, although spare parts is a problem. the military gives. But they are doing But this amendment, which is It is the fact that these men and it. They have done it, and they con- couched as the Byrd-Warner amend- women in the uniform of our Nation tinue to do it, and do it very well. ment today, simply says the following: are constantly being sent away on At the end of the war, there were That the allies made certain commit- ships, flown away in airplanes, and commitments in which the various al- ments that, in the judgment of this many times with very short notice so lies came in and said we will send so Senator and such others who support that the remaining spouse has to pick many million dollars; we will send so those commitments, have not been up the responsibilities as that service- many police; we will send so many kept in a timely way. person goes overseas.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00033 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S3890 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 11, 2000 I just think to keep an indefinite be counted if we will continue for an the automatic trigger. Moreover, the allies commitment in this region without indefinite time the missions in Kosovo. appear to have gotten the message. They any participation by the Congress of I ask unanimous consent to have have in the past two months increased their contributions, and the President is expected the United States is wrong. We should printed in the RECORD a Dear Colleague to be able to make the required certification speak to that, and that is what my por- letter. by July 15. tion does. It simply says 25 percent is There being no objection, the letter The larger issue addressed by the Byrd- to be used to bring home the troops if was ordered to be printed in the Warner provision is that of the responsibility you can’t make the certification. But if RECORD, as follows: of Congress to exercise its constitutional the Congress wishes, it could meet and U.S. SENATE, duty. It was no accident that the founding say: Even though you could not make COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS, fathers vested in Congress alone the power of the certification, Mr. President, we Washington, DC, May 11, 2000. the purse. Yet, we are seeking in Kosovo, as think you should continue the policy DEAR COLLEAGUE: On May 9, the Senate we have seen in so many other peacekeeping as you have laid it out despite the in- Committee on Appropriations, by a bipar- operations, a bastardization of that process. tisan vote of 23 to 3, adopted a major policy Instead of Congress’ appropriating funds for ability of making the certification, de- expenditure by the Executive Branch, the spite the fact that our allies have not provision relating to the ongoing role of the United States military in the Kosovo peace- Executive Branch is spending funds first and made their commitments. That amend- keeping operation. asking Congress after the fact to pay the ment simply says we should be in- The Senate is expected to quickly take up bills. volved. That is what the Constitution the FY 2001 Military Construction Appro- Setting aside for a moment the foreign pol- requires. We should be involved. We priations Bill, which contains the Kosovo icy implications of the Kosovo peacekeeping cannot come in here year after year, language. As the authors of this provision, operation, the Senate has a duty to vigi- month after month, and just stamp we take this opportunity to provide you with lantly guard the rights bestowed on Congress our analysis of the language and a fact sheet by the Constitution. No such right is more these appropriations with an ‘‘aye’’ central to the separation of powers on which vote and then run out of the Chamber. on the provision. We are particularly concerned about the our system of government is built than the We have to face up to this amendment. possibility of misconceptions or misinter- vesting in Congress alone the power of the This amendment makes us face up to pretations of the provision. The Byrd-Warner purse. it. language goes directly to the institutional Provisions to put Congressional check That is my principal contribution. I and constitutional responsibilities of Con- reins on funding appropriated to implement join my distinguished colleague and gress. It does not require the withdrawal of U.S. foreign policy initiative are often criti- friend, Senator BYRD, in his portion. I U.S. military troops from Kosovo. To the cized as micromanaging the Administration. see my distinguished colleague from contrary, the language makes specific provi- Language dealing with troop drawdowns is subject to the additional criticism of endan- South Carolina who worked on this and sions for Congress to vote, under expedited procedures, if the next President seeks to gering U.S. troops and emboldening foreign voted for it in the Appropriations Com- continue U.S. military involvement in the despots. The Byrd-Warner provision is care- mittee. I shorten my remarks so the Kosovo peacekeeping operation beyond July fully and deliberately designed to avoid Senator may address the Senate. 1, 2001. those pitfalls. The thrust of the Byrd amendment is The provision has three main objectives. First, the language offers guidance to the not ‘‘cut and run,’’ not that we are try- First, it terminates funding for the contin- President; it does not dictate an outcome. ing to undermine NATO, that we are ued deployment of U.S. ground combat Because the United States bore the lion’s turning our back. It is simply saying to troops in Kosovo after July 1, 2001, unless the share of the air offensive against Yugoslavia, the Congress of the United States and President seeks and receives Congressional we believe that the Europeans should be responsible for the ground element of the to the next President, give Congress a authorization to keep troops in Kosovo. Second, the provision requires the Presi- Kosovo peacekeeping mission. The Byrd- plan and show we can pull out just the dent to develop a plan, in consultation with Warner provision offers a road map to combat elements of our troops, leaving our European allies, to turn the ground com- achieve that outcome by July 1, 2001. If the the intelligence, leaving the logistics, bat troop element of the Kosovo peace- next President disagrees with our position, leaving other segments of the military keeping operation entirely over to the Euro- the language provides a mechanism, in the to help the remaining troops of the peans by July 1, 2001. Assuming the Presi- form of a joint resolution to be voted on many nations—not cut and run. Bring dent is successful in developing such a plan, under expedited procedures, for him to seek out the combat troops. Show Congress there should be no need for funding the con- and receive congressional authorization to tinued deployment of U.S. ground combat continue the deployment of U.S. ground a plan. troops in Kosovo beyond July 1, 2001. Those troops, in our judgment, troops in Kosovo beyond July 1, 2001. Third, related to current operations in The provision specifically exempts from should be out by July 2001. Is that too Kosovo and to signal to the Europeans the the restriction on U.S. ground combat troops much to ask, 14 months hence? That is need for them to fulfill their commitments in Kosovo such U.S. military missions as not cut and run. That is not under- for implementing peace and stability in support for NATO headquarters in Kosovo, mining anybody. That is not sending a Kosovo, the provision withholds 25 percent of intelligence support, air surveillance, and re- signal to Milosevic that the United the emergency supplemental funding for lated activities. The United States can con- States is turning its back. It is saying military operations Kosovo attached to the tinue to assist NATO in Kosovo, with the ex- to the men and women of our Armed Military Construction bill pending certifi- ception of providing U.S. ground combat Forces, to this Nation, that we have cation by the President that our allies are troops for the mission. making adequate progress in meeting the According to Administration estimates, done our share. It is time for us to pick commitments they made to the Kosovo the other NATO and non-NATO countries up the combat share to the extent it is peacekeeping process. If the President can- participating in the Kosovo peacekeeping op- still necessary. And then, if it is in the not make the certifications by July 15 of this eration are currently contributing about 85 infinite wisdom of this body that we year, the funding held in reserve can only be percent of the total force structure. The should not make any changes, we used to withdraw U.S. forces from Kosovo Byrd-Warner provision provides ample time should not come home with the combat unless Congress votes otherwise. for those nations and others to augment elements. All we have to do is stand up This last provision has been compared to their deployments of ground combat troops and send a message, a sense of the Con- an earlier proposal by Senator Warner, a to Kosovo. In no way does this language un- version of which was narrowly defeated in dercut the NATO peacekeeping operation in gress, we think we should stay. That the House. That language, however, has been Kosovo or provide encouragement to would add far greater strength to the modified to address a major concern ex- Slobodan Milosevic. If anything, it will give conviction of the American participa- pressed during the House debate; namely, the Europeans the opportunity to dem- tion than this year after year after that failure by the President to certify the onstrate to the world the strength and unity year of idly voting on an appropria- requisite level of allied contributions would of their opposition to Milosevic’s brand of tions bill and not discussing it. automatically trigger the withdrawal of U.S. tyranny. I respect my dear colleague from forces from Kosovo with no opportunity for The time frames outlined in this provision West Virginia. How many times he has Congress or the President to intervene. are deliberate. Our intention is to shift long been on this floor reminding Members The Byrd-Warner language included in the range decisionmaking on the role of the Senate Military Construction Bill addresses United States in Kosovo away from the po- of our responsibilities? Many, many that issue by including a provision for Con- litically charged atmosphere of an election times. This is an amendment that sim- gress to vote, under expedited procedures, to year and into the next Administration. This ply says: Congress, the hour has ar- lift the troop withdrawal requirement on use language allows the next President, whoever rived where you have to stand up and of the funds held in reserve, thus disarming is elected, to deal decisively with Kosovo and

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00034 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY May 11, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3891 prevents the U.S. from drifting, through in- does not authorize the continued deployment the Army generals, the Navy admirals, action, into an indefinite and likely proof U.S. troops in Kosovo, funding would be and everyone else. I could find no sup- longed commitment of U.S. personnel and re- terminated after July 1, 2001. port for any kind of multiethnic soci- sources in yet another foreign peacekeeping As an intermediate goal, the amendment ety in light of what was going on on withholds 25 percent of the FY 2000 supple- operation. the ground. To promote continuity between Adminis- mental appropriations for military oper- trations, and to ensure that the next Admin- ations in Kosovo pending certification by the Here we have another Vietnam, not istration does not put off dealing with President that the Europeans are living up in the sense of deploying more and Kosovo until it is too late to plan effectively, to their commitments, including provision of more troops, but actually having a our provision requires the current President at least 33% of the commitment for mone- military deployment in an impossible to submit, by September 30, 2000, an interim tary reconstruction assistance, 75% of the situation. Don’t go forward, don’t go plan for the U.S. to transition its ground commitment for humanitarian assistance, backward, just stay there; we will send combat troops out of Kosovo, and the next 75% of the commitment for Kosovo govern- movies. It is sort of embarrassing to President to submit a final plan by May 1, ment administration monetary assistance, see our military hunkered down like 2001. and 75% of the commitment for civilian po- chickens in a hailstorm at Camp Should the Byrd-Warner language result in lice. Bonsteel and everybody bragging that a drawdown of U.S. ground troops from If the President cannot make such a cer- Kosovo, the language provides for a ‘‘safe, tification by July 15, 2000, the money being we have wooden buildings and catwalks orderly, and phased’’ withdrawal of troops, held in reserve could only be used to with- through the snow and we can get ham- and leaves the planning of that withdrawal draw troops from Kosovo unless Congress, burgers at McDonald’s. That is not for up to the President. Any troop drawdown acting under expedited procedures, votes the GI, the one who volunteers to serve would be managed by the generals, not the otherwise. in the military. He is looking to be Congress. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. L. trained and go to battle for our na- We urge you to carefully consider the lan- CHAFEE). The Senator from South tional security. guage of the Byrd-Warner provision, and we Carolina. To address these conditions that con- welcome your support. Should you have any tinue and languish is a reason I am questions or require additional information, Mr. HOLLINGS. Mr. President, let confident Senator BYRD introduced his please contact Christina Evans of Senator me first commend the chairman of our Byrd’s staff at 224–3088 or Judy Ansley of Armed Services Committee. He has amendment, which is part of our bill. Senator Warner’s staff at 224–4928. been to war twice. He served as our And certainly it is my feeling, like- Sincerely, Secretary of the Navy. He has a con- wise, that we have a responsibility ROBERT C. BYRD. science with respect to the GIs now de- here. JOHN WARNER. ployed in Kosovo. That is the reason I The other day we had the 25th anni- rise this afternoon. versary of Vietnam. The Secretary of FACT SHEET: BYRD-WARNER KOSOVO My chairman, ranking member, and Defense said, almost 25 years later, it AMENDMENT former majority leader, the distin- was a mistake. Are we going to have to More than 5,500 U.S. troops are partici- guished Senator from West Virginia, wait 25 years to resolve Kosovo? Bosnia pating in the NATO peacekeeping operation was to last 1 year. That policy has been in Kosovo despite the fact that Congress has Mr. BYRD, has a little bit of laryngitis. He is feeling well. He is at the com- going on for 5, 6 years now. never authorized, nor even formally debated, We just cannot willy-nilly go along mittee markup right now with respect U.S. involvement in Kosovo since the Sen- with mixed policies. Of course, the ate, on March 23, 1999, authorized air strikes to the Labor, Health and Human Re- clarion call for the Kosovo initiative against Yugoslavia. sources bill in appropriations over in was ethnic cleansing. At the time they Congress has a constitutional responsi- the Hart Building. He wanted someone were briefing us, they had 100,000 Alba- bility to address policy issues involving the to be able to respond. I understood the deployment of U.S. troops overseas in in- nians living peacefully in Belgrade. opposition to this particular amend- stances, such as Kosovo, in which American Milosevic lived down the street. Heav- ment were on their way to the floor. men and women are being sent into poten- ens above, this was not the Holocaust. tially dangerous situations. That is why I came. Maybe the better Everybody confuses ethnic cleansing By tacitly endorsing, through emergency part of wisdom would be to say thank with enemy cleansing. When you start supplemental funding measures, Executive you and there is no debate, and when bombing somebody and you make that Branch decisions to deploy U.S. troops over- we get in one, then Senator BYRD can seas without congressional authorization, the enemy, an outright open warfare, speak for himself. then the other side has got the right, Congress is effectively abrogating its respon- However, I share that concern for our sibility under the Constitution. title, and interest to clear the area of troops, their morale and the deploy- This amendment terminates funding for any on the side of the enemy. More the continued deployment of U.S. ground ment of a so-called peacekeeping mis- ethnic cleansing occurred after the combat troops in Kosovo after July 1, 2001, sion. There isn’t any peace. There isn’t bombing than before the bombing. Ac- unless the President seeks and receives con- any policy. All we have to do is look at tually, it was enemy cleansing because gressional authorization to continue such de- the record. The record shows best that Milosevic is a cagey fellow and a ployment. we debated airstrikes and we were split In recognition of the fact that the United scoundrel and we all know it. He says down the middle, 58–41, March 23, under to himself, whoopee, now I can go in States military bore the brunt of the NATO the Biden amendment. We had the air campaign against Yugoslavia, the amend- there and get rid of the real Albanians ment also requires the president to develop a McCain amendment deploying armed that have been giving me problems plan to turn the ground combat troop ele- forces in Kosovo, saying let’s go to down there in Kosovo. And he did it. ment of the Kosovo peacekeeping operation war. That was May 4, 1999. It was ta- That is exactly what was happening. entirely over to the Europeans by July 1, bled by a motion of 78–22. The talk now is trying to deal with, ex 2001. The record shows, at best, we have a post facto, a million refugees spilling The timing is a key element of the amend- lukewarm endorsement, maybe favor- over into Macedonia, down into Alba- ment. First, it shifts the responsibility of de- ing some airstrikes, but against taking nia and back up into Montenegro and termining future U.S. involvement in Kosovo the life of a GI. That is the military elsewhere. But the real spilling over from the current Administration, which will policy right now. With respect to diplo- be out of office within months, to the next and the cleansing was enemy cleansing. Administration, which will inherit the macy, the policy is one of a so-called We are trying to talk about war and Kosovo peacekeeping mission. Second, the multiethnic society, as I remember victory, trying to give dignity to a amendment provides ample time for the next Secretary Albright saying. mistake. Administration to either develop a plan to I visited Kosovo shortly after the dis- No. 1, it was a flawed policy from the hand off the Kosovo ground combat troop tinguished chairman of the Armed word go. We came in where there mission to the Europeans or make its case to Services Committee did this year. I weren’t any guys with the white hats. Congress to keep U.S. ground combat troops was never briefed on the importance of It wasn’t the good guys versus the bad in Kosovo. a multiethnic society . . . maybe the If the next President sees a compelling guys. Anybody who knows anything need to keep U.S. ground troops in Kosovo region should be partitioned. But that about Kosovo and this part of the world beyond July 1, 2001, the amendment requires isn’t the policy of the United States. I knows that both sides are really some- him to seek congressional authorization. If tried to verify the multiethnic policy thing else. I would not want an Amer- Congress, acting under expedited procedures, with all of our experts deployed there— ican to go to battle for either side. I

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00035 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S3892 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 11, 2000 say that advisedly because it has been and 15-year-old girls to Portsmouth sector. They did not like it. The proven. When we went there earlier and forcing them into prostitution. French, are comme ci comme ca. The this year, what did we learn? Yes, there They have drugs all over England now. Soviets never were for it, and they do was violence upon violence upon vio- He said: It’s the worst threat and prob- not adhere to us. NATO responds to lence. It was continuing. And 95 per- lem that we have here in England. He Moscow. The Brits are pulling out. In cent of the violence was being inflicted said: I never thought I would ever say one place they pulled out, 3 hours later by Albanian on Albanian. anything good about Milosevic, but I a church was burned. It is interesting to me to see here, re- can sort of understand his problem. I asked our British friends what their cently, in The Economist, that: That is not to say Milosevic is a good reason for pulling out was and they The war has done nothing to bring the two guy, or the Albanians are all bad. But said they were too stretched. We are sides together. On the contrary, it has inten- you generally get a feel for what is out stretched, too. We have nine peace- sified ancient animosities. there and what is going on when re- keeping missions. We have Kosovo, Si- Then going down it says: sponsible people tell you: Look, all the erra Leone, the Congo, and East Timor. At present, the Albanians can look to Afghanistan drugs are coming up There are four more we are going to be NATO for their security and to the U.N. for through Kosovo, and into Europe. In- asking for. The GIs are given a police- their administration, while many of them stead of keeping the peace, we are man’s duty in a totally hostile place traffic in drugs and other contraband and keeping the flow of drugs. where one cannot take sides and one generally profit from the legal limbo in The GI with any common sense is has to defend oneself and not act like which they live. saying to himself: Where is this peace an authority on keeping the peace but, Peacekeeping? Where is the peace? we have here? We have one fellow who by gosh, keep out of trouble. Where is the peace? We are now saying murdered another one but we had to let We are not in charge in Kosovo, nor we have a deployment for peace- him go in 48 hours because we only had is the U.N., nor is NATO. We have in- keeping. It is an enforced cease-fire. 93 slots in the prison and the United vaded a sovereign country without a I was briefed by the brass in Kosovo. Nations had not supplied a police force. full debate. We made that mistake in They said both sides ran out of targets. The United Nations had not supplied a Vietnam. We have the feeling of re- We hit all the targets we wanted to hit. court system. The United Nations had sponsibility. I understand the distin- We were even going up there knocking not put up their money for a prison guished Senator from Arizona is very out the Chinese Embassy. system. much in favor of Kosovo. I could have Of course, Milosevic had gotten rid of So we go right to the ultimatum. If saved him 4 or 5 years in prison if I everything and cleansed everything he this is diplomacy, let me quote none knew at the time I got to the Senate in possibly could. What a wonderful war. other than our friend, the former Sec- 1966 that McNamara felt Vietnam was We won. Now we want to snatch defeat retary of State, Henry Kissinger: a mistake. from the jaws of victory. Come on, Rambouillet was not a negotiation—as is Come on. Are we going to continue don’t give us that. often claimed—but an ultimatum. This just because we do not want to send a We were there in the little town of marked an astounding departure for an ad- message to Milosevic? Do my col- Urosevac. The President visited that ministration that had entered office pro- leagues really think that Milosevic town at Christmas time. They had a claiming its devotion to the UN Charter and does not know what is going on? He has big show. They had 400-some troops, multilateral procedures. already removed the opposition au- and they all were hunkered down in the And on and on. thorities in Montenegro. If he went in city hall. You could tell the 65,000 or The transformation of Alliance from a de- there tonight, what would we do? Noth- 70,000 residents of the town were not fensive military grouping into an institution ing. He is corralling his support. Read friendly. We drove around and they prepared to impose its values by force oc- this week’s Time magazine about what glowered at us. They were in charge. curred in the same month that three former the Air Force did not hit. I wish my We were not in charge of the town the Soviet satellites joined NATO. colleagues would get a copy and read it President was in. We were not in That is none other than Kissinger because it reports we were misled in charge of anything, really, in Kosovo. himself. In that light, I am glad we did that particular briefing about how we We have deployments here with walls not send Secretary Albright to North- destroyed so many tanks, so many around them, fences and everything ern Ireland. We sent Senator George planes, so many targets; we just ruined else. We do not wander down the street Mitchell instead. But under the the country. or outside the compound. Albright policy, you either agree by 12 Our distinguished friend, the Sec- Similarly, in Mitrovica, we have a GI o’clock midnight or we go bombing. retary of State, said: Give peace a at one end of the block, a GI at the Come on. This thing is afoul, amiss, chance; it takes time to get the roads other end of the block, and a GI in the and a mistake, and we don’t have to and the bridges and industry and the middle of the block on a 24-hour, three wait for 25 years to know it. Those are hospitals and the air fields all repaired. times eight, 24-hour routine, guarding my words, the words of the Senator I remember a visit I had when I first people going to the grocery store. from South Carolina, and not the came to the Senate. I was at the It’s public knowledge what the re- words of the Senator from West Vir- Connaught in London having dinner porter says in The Economist about ginia. He will be glad at the first of the with Martin Agronsky who had been this thing not working: week—I am confident he will be in good behind the lines in Northern Ireland for The war has done nothing to bring the two shape again. He will explain it, no a 3-week period. He came out in de- sides together. On the contrary, it has inten- doubt, to everyone’s satisfaction. spair. He said: That crowd is never sified ancient animosities. We all agree on one thing. With GIs going to get together. There are the soldiers in the peace- deployed on account of our mistakes, Fortunately, under the leadership of keeping force, having to spend 6 we are going to give them every dollar President Clinton and Senator Mitch- months away from their families. Peo- necessary, every benefit, every support ell, there was a break last Friday, and, ple hate to waste time. We, in the Sen- we possibly can. finally, the IRA says they are going to ate, we love wasting time. There is We cannot possibly continue day in disarm, and it looks like it might nothing to do tomorrow and nothing on and day out in limbo with a flawed pol- work. Monday. We cannot wait for November icy and act like it is a policy. It is a For 30 years, they have had the infra- and the Presidential election to be over nonpolicy and a flawed policy and a structure—the roads, the bridges, the with so we can all go back to work. But mistaken policy. We have to somehow hospitals, the universities. I have been the normal attitude is not to waste bring it to a head. to Northern Ireland. Some sections of time and, you see, that is exactly what How do we do that in a deliberate, Belfast have better housing than my is happening in Kosovo. tactful manner? What we say is: Look, hometown. With all that infrastruc- I finally understood about the Alba- get these countries of the U.N. to sup- ture, the British troops are still de- nians when I was in London and I met port it. ployed years and years later. with one of the leaders of Parliament. Of course, we learned at the briefings Is that the policy of the United He said the Albanians are bringing 14- that the Greeks were not for it in their States of America with our GIs? That

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00036 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY May 11, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3893 is why we rise this afternoon and are bility of life. No one else but him, as an now proceed to a period of morning ready, willing, and able to draw some officer, had the responsibility for those business, with Senators permitted to lines that are understandable that will young men under his command. speak for up to 10 minutes each, with develop into a firm policy. This type of amendment we dis- the following exceptions: Senator HAR- If the U.N. wants to get in there, fine, cussed—certainly I have and others— KIN for up to 20 minutes, Senator but if they are not going to support it, with many veterans who have worn the HELMS for up to 10 minutes, and Sen- then we have a problem. I will never uniform of this country and many who ators ROBERTS and CLELAND in control forget the story about Vaclav Havel are on active duty today. of 60 minutes total. saying he hoped Secretary Albright The distinguished Senator said he The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without could come back to the Czech Republic, has seen war. I saw it in the conti- objection, it is so ordered. her native land, and succeed him as nental limits in World War II, and then The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- President. He said the one difficulty I had a brief tour in Korea as a ground ator from North Carolina. was that 75 percent of the people of the officer with an air wing. I saw the oth- Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, I ask Czech Republic opposed ‘‘Madeleine’s ers who had to fight it, but I never put unanimous consent that it be in order war.’’ myself in the category of a combat sol- for me to make my presentation seat- Take a rollcall. Go up to the U.N. See dier. I have always said my orders did ed. how enthused they are about the non- not take me there, but they took the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without policy. Senator there and he saw it. objection, it is so ordered. Quit giving this patina of delibera- I know in the course of this debate, (The remarks of Mr. HELMS per- the issue will be raised: We may be put- tion and positivity by doing nothing taining to the submission of S. Res. 306 ting the young men and women in the and keeping the troops out there and are located in today’s RECORD under Armed Forces in jeopardy as a con- praying like we all do that no one gets ‘‘Submission of Concurrent and Senate sequence of this amendment, even the assaulted or loses a life at Bonsteel. We Resolutions.) act of filing it and debating it. have an impossible situation. It is not I want to get into that. I am sure the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- going to get better in the foreseeable Senator will rejoin in this debate if and ator from Washington is recognized. future. We ought to bring it to a head when that happens. Mr. GORTON. Mr. President, are we and certainly let the next President, I see our distinguished colleague in morning business? whomever that is, have a 6-month pe- here, who is a naval veteran, who is The PRESIDING OFFICER. Yes. riod to review the mistake we made about to speak. I do not know if it is on f and say: Wait a minute, it was not a this matter or on another matter. It is DAMS IN WASHINGTON AND mistake. not on this matter. OREGON I do not mind if they are right and I But I am willing to join in that de- am wrong. I can tell my colleagues bate. When 23 members of the Appro- Mr. GORTON. Mr. President, the right now though, unfortunately, I priations Committee voted ‘‘yea’’ to Vice President of the United States is think I gave the right vote when I op- put this in—and the distinguished Sen- flying to Oregon this evening, or to- posed the Biden amendment. ator from South Carolina can correct morrow morning, for a visit to that I appreciate the leadership and the me—but of that group who voted State. On the last five or six occasions conscientious approach the distin- ‘‘yea,’’ the following have been privi- on which he has visited the State of guished Senator from Virginia, the leged to wear the uniform of our coun- Washington, I have inquired of him, as chairman of the Armed Services Com- try: Senator COCHRAN, Senator SPEC- politely as possible, as to his inten- mittee, has given this responsibility. TER, Senator GORTON, Senator BURNS, tions with respect to the future of four We are not trying to embarrass the Senator BEN NIGHTHORSE CAMPBELL, dams on the Snake River. This inquiry President. We are not trying to take a Senator DANIEL INOUYE, Senator ER- is of significant importance to the peo- political position. On the contrary, I NEST F. HOLLINGS, Senator HERBERT ple of the State of Washington, as well have my GIs out there. I saw what hap- KOHL, and Senator STEVENS, the chair- as the people of the State of Oregon. pened in Vietnam, and I saw what hap- man. They are veterans. The answer from the Vice President is pened in Somalia. If it had not been for Let us debate it, but let us debate it peculiarly important because of the the Byrd amendment, we could pos- with great care. disarray of the present administration. sibly still be there. The letter which I put in the RECORD The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has This is a similar call to arms politi- from Senator BYRD and myself states recommended that the dams come cally for us to set the policy and do so our point of view. This letter is just down, be removed, for salmon recovery. in a judicious way. We all know they going out to Members, but already the The Corps of Engineers, almost a year want to try to subvert it; they do not following cosponsors, who likewise ago, was ready to recommend that the want to talk about it. With this crowd were veterans, have signed on: Senator dams stay in place and that we deal ROBERTS, Senator STROM THURMOND, in Washington, you have to be on mes- with salmon recovery in another pro- Senator INHOFE, Senator ROBERT sage: Let’s not talk about it because it ductive fashion. That recommendation SMITH, and Senator SESSIONS. So a might get on to the weekend shows, was vetoed by the White House and re- goodly number of those who have been and if it gets on to the weekend shows, moved physically from the Corps of En- privileged to wear the uniform of our it might send the wrong message to gineers’ report. country have joined behind this. More recently, the National Marine Milosevic. Bah humbug to Milosevic. I We would not have done it, I say to Fishery Service has said that we don’t am trying to send a message to those the Senator, if we had had a moment’s know enough to decide whether or not fellows at Bonsteel. I yield the floor. concern we were increasing the risk to we should remove the dams and that The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- our people. They are at risk today. the decision may be at least 5 or 10 ator from Virginia. They will be at risk tomorrow and the years away. The Governor of Oregon Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I thank next day. And as we are drifting into my distinguished colleague from South this endless—endless—commitment, has recommended that the dams come Carolina. I remember when I first came they are at risk every single day. down. The Governor of Washington, to the Senate 22 years ago, two-thirds This amendment simply says: Con- also a Democrat, has opposed that rec- of the Senate or more had the oppor- gress, either join with the President or ommendation. As you know, Mr. Presi- tunity to serve in uniform. Today, state your case and bring them home. dent, so have I, in the most vehement there are fewer. I cast no aspersion That is the purpose of this amendment. possible terms. Of all of the proposals against those who do not. It is just a The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- for salmon recovery, dam removal is, generational thing. ator from Kansas. first, the most ineffective and, second, Listening to my dear friend from f of the most marginal utility with re- South Carolina, I know he draws on his spect to the recovery of the salmon re- experiences in the army in World War MORNING BUSINESS source in the Pacific Northwest. II as a young officer in the battle to Mr. ROBERTS. Mr. President, I ask At a capital expenditure of $1 billion free Europe when he had the responsi- unanimous consent that the Senate to $2 billion, and annual losses of at

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00037 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S3894 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 11, 2000 least a third of a billion dollars in per- economical and unwise to remove those From my perspective, the basic prob- petuity, the promise of salmon recov- dams. He will protect the physical in- lem in the Balkans today is political, ery from dam removal is extremely frastructure of the Pacific Northwest. I not military, and requires a political marginal, with no impact on some of am here to invite the Vice President of rather than military solution. Essen- the endangered runs, and only a mod- the United States to do likewise, with- tially, at this point in time, the var- est improvement in the order of 10 to 20 out, I regret to say, any expectation ious communities wish to live apart percent in the prospects for certain that he is willing to do so. and exercise self-determination along other runs. Weighed against that are The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. GOR- ethnic lines. I would agree that such a the potential real successes from the TON). The Senator from Georgia. development is unfortunate and not in Salmon Recovery Board of the State of f keeping with our American view of the Washington, which has for the current DIALOG ON AMERICA’S GLOBAL way the world should be. However, for year an appropriation from the Con- ROLE III, MULTILATERAL ORGA- any solution to the current situation gress of $18 million for the work of cit- NIZATIONS to be acceptable to the parties directly izen-based salmon recovery teams, involved—and, thus, durable—this ines- which will be the beneficiary of an ap- Mr. CLELAND. Mr. President, I rise capable fact must be taken into ac- propriation from this body of about $4 today, along with my distinguished count. million. colleague from Kansas, Senator ROB- On June 30 of last year, the Senate There is a very real concern with pre- ERTS, to continue our dialog on the accepted by voice vote my amendment dation at the mouth of the Columbia global role of the United States. This is to the Foreign Operations Appropria- River—a concern now frustrated by a the third such dialog in what we have tions bill which expressed ‘‘the sense of lawsuit against any removal of Caspian intended to be a year-long series. In the Senate that the United States terns from an artificial island at the February, we began by taking a broad should call immediately for the con- mouth of the river by at least a tem- look at the priorities and approaches of vening of an international conference U.S. foreign policy in the post-cold-war porary injunction. These and dozens of on the Balkans’’ to develop a final po- period. A few weeks ago we narrowed other projects in the Pacific Northwest litical settlement of both the Kosovo the focus somewhat by trying to define have a far greater promise for the and Bosnia conflicts. salmon recovery than does dam re- and defend our national interest, which I ask unanimous consent that the moval, with all of its devastating im- must be the first step in arriving at a text of my amendment be printed in coherent national security strategy. pacts on the loss of benign, renewable the RECORD. energy power, to be substituted by the Today, as we start to go from general There being no objection, the amend- principles to concrete applications, use of fossil fuels, for all of the loss of ment was ordered to be printed in the Senator ROBERTS and I, along with sev- agricultural land that requires irriga- RECORD, as follows: eral of our colleagues, will attempt to tion to be anything other than a AMENDMENT NO. 1163 TO S. 1234, FISCAL YEAR zero in on the U.S. role in multilateral desert, for all the loss of a transpor- 2000 FOREIGN OPERATIONS APPROPRIATIONS organizations which strongly impact tation system which is the most effi- SUPPORTING AN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE our national security, especially NATO cient and environmentally benign for TO ACHIEVE A DURABLE POLITICAL SETTLE- and the U.N. the transportation of grain to ports on MENT IN THE BALKANS I have just returned from a trip to (Adopted by Senate by unanimous consent the lower Columbia River. Brussels and Italy where we were All of these factors argue against on 6/30/99) briefed on the air campaign from dam removal. But the Vice President of SEC. X. SENSE OF THE SENATE REGARDING AN Aviano Air Base. In Brussels, I met INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON the United States, in his candidacy for with the Deputy Secretary General of THE BALKANS. President of the United States, refuses NATO. As I said, Italy and then on to (a) FINDINGS.—The Senate makes the fol- to make any commitment whatsoever Macedonia, where we saw the regions lowing findings: on this matter. Now, it may be that he (1) The United States and its allies in the where the refugees were kept during North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) didn’t want to respond to this Senator the war in Kosovo. Then, into Kosovo on these visits to the State of Wash- conducted large-scale military operations itself. against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. ington. But he is now going to be asked I met with key military leaders and (2) At the conclusion of 78 days of these to respond by the Governor of Oregon, key political leaders from the United hostilities, the United States and its NATO who supports his candidacy. His re- States, European nations, and NATO. allies suspended military operations against sponse has been demanded by the Port- These meetings only served to rein- the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia based land Oregonian, the largest newspaper force my strong belief that there is a upon credible assurances by the latter that it would fulfill the following conditions as in the State of Oregon, which, inciden- pressing need to address the global role tally, holds my position and that of my laid down by the so called Group of Eight (G– of the United States, both in our own 8): colleague, Senator SMITH of Oregon, on national strategic planning and in (A) An immediate and verifiable end of vio- the subject. One hopes that the Vice NATO’s planning. This conclusion is lence and repression in Kosovo. President will finally be able to come not a result of the recent actions taken (B) Staged withdrawal of all Yugoslav up with an opinion. Now, he has taken in Serbia and Kosovo. Rather, these ac- military, police and paramilitary forces from positions on other local issues. He is tions were merely symptomatic of, I Kosovo. (C) Deployment in Kosovo of effective certainly quite willing to tell the peo- think, the problem. ple of South Carolina what flag they international and security presences, en- A large portion of the military oper- dorsed and adopted by the United Nations can fly. But he seems unwilling to tell ation in Kosovo was supplied by the Security Council, and capable of guaran- the people of Washington and Oregon United States. I believe it is now time teeing the achievement of the agreed objec- what his views are on an issue of vital for the United States to lead in finding tives. importance to them and to their re- a political solution. Similarly, I be- (D) Establishment of an interim adminis- gional economy. lieve the time has come to tration for Kosovo, to be decided by the So I am here to express the hope that ‘‘Europeanize’’ the peace in Bosnia and United Nations Security Council which will the Vice President will finally come Kosovo. While the soldiers I spoke with seek to ensure conditions for a peaceful and normal life for all inhabitants in Kosovo. clean with his views on this subject. at Camp Bond steel certainly displayed (E) Provision for the safe and free return of But I must express the expectation high morale, reflected in the excellent all refugees and displaced persons from that he will, once again, dodge the job they actually have done, if we stay Kosovo and an unimpeded access to Kosovo issue, pretend that he has not made up in the Balkans indefinitely with no by humanitarian aid organizations. his mind when, in fact, he has, and clear way out, I believe we run an in- (3) These objectives appear to have been claim that he can’t make a substantive creasing risk of further overextending fulfilled, or to be in the process of being ful- comment on this until after the elec- our military, thus exacerbating our re- filled, which has led the United States and its NATO allies to terminate military oper- tion in November is over. I will regret cruitment and retention problems and ations against the Federal Republic of Yugo- that, Mr. President. His opponent, the lessening our capability to respond to slavia. Governor of Texas, has taken the forth- more serious challenges to our vital (4) The G–8 also called for a comprehensive right stand that it is improper and un- national interests. approach to the economic development and

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00038 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY May 11, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3895 stabilization of the crisis region, and the Eu- former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia to se- bate raised serious questions regarding ropean Union has announced plans for cede and is also the nation in the region with both the makeup and purpose of NATO, $1,500,000,000 over the next 3 years for the re- the greatest ethnic homogeneity, with a pop- but, in the end, I, and a large majority construction of Kosovo, for the convening in ulation which is 91 percent Slovene. of the Senate, concluded that extension July of an international donors’ conference (13) The boundaries of the various national for Kosovo aid, and for subsequent provision and sub-national divisions in the Balkans of NATO membership to Poland, the of reconstruction aid to the other countries have been altered repeatedly throughout his- Czech Republic and Hungary was in in the region affected by the recent hos- tory, and international conferences have fre- our, and NATO’s, best interest because tilities followed by reconstruction aid di- quently played the decisive role in fixing NATO was the only entity ready and rected at the Balkans region as a whole; such boundaries in the modern era, including able to fill the security void in north- (5) The United States and some of its the Berlin Congress of 1878, the London Con- eastern Europe. NATO allies oppose the provision of any aid, ference of 1913, and the Paris Peace Con- Much has changed in the time since other than limited humanitarian assistance, ference of 1919. that vote, including the launching of to Serbia until Yugoslav President Slobodan (14) The development of an effective exit the first offensive military operations Milosevic is out of office. strategy for the withdrawal from the Bal- in the history of the alliance last year (6) The policy of providing reconstruction kans of foreign military forces, including the aid to Kosovo and other countries in the re- armed forces of the United States, its NATO in Kosovo and Serbia, an action which gion affected by the recent hostilities while allies, Russia, and any other nation from also represented the first time NATO withholding such aid for Serbia presents a outside the Balkans which has such forces in asserted the right to intervene in the number of practical problems, including the the Balkans is in the best interests of all internal affairs of a sovereign nation. absence in Kosovo of financial and other in- such nations. Both of these were significant depar- stitutions independent of Yugoslavia, the (15) The ultimate withdrawal of foreign tures from the Senate’s understanding difficulty in drawing clear and enforceable military forces, accompanied by the estab- distinctions between humanitarian and re- of NATO as expressed during that de- lishment of durable and peaceful relations bate as well as the representations we construction assistance, and the difficulty in among all of the nations and peoples of the reconstructing Montenegro in the absence of Balkans is in the best interests of those na- made to other nations, most notably similar efforts in Serbia. tions and peoples; Russia, about the goals and the inten- (7) In any case, the achievement of effec- (16) An effective exit strategy for the with- tions of NATO in the aftermath its tive and durable economic reconstruction drawal from the Balkans of foreign military eastward expansion. Specifically, sec- and revitalization in the countries of the forces is contingent upon the achievement of tion 3 of the Senate Resolution of Rati- Balkans is unlikely until a political settle- a lasting political settlement for the region, fication affirmed that the ‘‘core mis- ment is reached as to the final status of and only such a settlement, acceptable to all Kosovo and Yugoslavia. sion’’ of NATO remains ‘‘collective parties involved, can ensure the fundamental self-defense,’’ and we sought to calm (8) The G–8 proposed a political process to- goals of the United States of peace, stability wards the establishment of an interim polit- and human rights in the Balkans. Russian anxieties by pointing to the 50- ical framework agreement for a substantial (b) SENSE OF THE SENATE.—It is the sense year record of NATO in never launch- self-government for Kosovo, taking into full of the Senate that— ing offensive operations, and never vio- account the final Interim Agreement for (1) The United States should call imme- lating the sovereignty of states except Peace and Self-Government in Kosovo, also diately for the convening of an international known as the Rambouillet Accords, and the in pursuit of collective self-defense. conference on the Balkans, under the aus- Since we voted for NATO expansion principles of sovereignty and territorial in- pices of the United Nations, and based upon tegrity of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia we have also witnessed the issuance of the principles of the Rambouillet Accords for a new Strategic Concept for NATO, in and the other countries of the region, and a final settlement of Kosovo status, namely the demilitarization of the UCK (Kosovo Lib- that such a settlement should be based on April of 1999, and here again, the re- eration Army). the will of the people, opinions of relevant sults were not exactly as anticipated at (9) The G–8 proposal contains no guidance authorities, each Party’s efforts regarding the time of the Senate’s ratification as to a final political settlement for Kosovo the implementation of the agreement and vote on NATO expansion 2 years ago. and Yugoslavia, while the original position the provisions of the Helsinki Final Act; For a particularly insightful and de- of the United States and the other partici- (2) The international conference on the pants in the so-called Contact Group on this tailed treatment of this subject, I Balkans should also be empowered to seek a matter, as reflected in the Rambouillet Ac- would commend to all Senators a May final settlement for Bosnia-Herzegovina cords, called for the convening of an inter- 24, 1999 floor statement by my distin- based on the same principles as specified for national conference, after three years, to de- Kosovo in the Rambouillet Accords; and guished colleague from Kansas, Mr. termine a mechanism for a final settlement (3) In order to produce a lasting political ROBERTS, which dissected in some de- of Kosovo status based on the will of the peo- settlement in the Balkans acceptable to all tail the numerous departures from the ple, opinions of relevant authorities, each parties, which can lead to the departure from Senate’s 1998 Resolution of Ratifica- Party’s efforts regarding the implementa- the Balkans in timely fashion of all foreign tion in the April 1999 NATO Strategic tion of the agreement and the provisions of military forces, including those of the the Helsinki Final Act. Concept. (10) The current position of the United United States, the international conference For purposes of today’s discussion on States and its NATO allies as to the final should have the authority to consider any how multilateral organizations impact status of Kosovo and Yugoslavia calls for an and all of the following: political boundaries; on the U.S. global role, I would like to autonomous, multiethnic, democratic humanitarian and reconstruction assistance for all nations in the Balkans; stationing of highlight just two of the issues identi- Kosovo which would remain as part of Ser- fied by Senator ROBERTS: the central bia, and such an outcome is not supported by UN peacekeeping forces along international boundaries; security arrangements and guar- issue of NATO’s purpose, or ‘‘core mis- any of the Parties directly involved, includ- sion,’’ and the matter of how European ing the governments of Yugoslavia and Ser- antees for all of the nations of the Balkans; bia, representatives of the Kosovar Alba- and tangible, enforceable and verifiable nations should provide for their own nians, and the people of Yugoslavia, Serbia human rights guarantees for the individuals defense, the so-called European Secu- and Kosovo. and peoples of the Balkans. rity and Defense Identity. (11) There has been no final political set- Mr. CLELAND. I truly believe that For its first 50 years, which cul- tlement in Bosnia-Herzegovina, where the such an approach is the best, if not the minated in its victory in the Cold War armed forces of the United States, its NATO only, way to resolve the difficulties in without ever having to fight a battle, allies, and other non-Balkan nations have Bosnia and Kosovo—allowing our the core purpose of NATO, recognized been enforcing an uneasy peace since 1996, at troops eventually to come home but by friend and foe alike, was set forth in a cost to the United States alone of over $10,000,000,000 with no clear end in sight to avoiding an unacceptable security vac- article 5 of the North Atlantic treaty such enforcement. uum in southeast Europe—and is defi- of April 4, 1949: (12) The trend throughout the Balkans nitely in the best interest of the United The Parties agree that an armed attack since 1990 has been in the direction of eth- States and Europe. against one or more of them in Europe or nically-based particularism, as exemplified Two years ago this week, the Senate North America shall be considered an attack by the 1991 declarations of independence was debating the expansion of NATO, against them all and consequently they from Yugoslavia by Slovenia and Croatia, and I should add that I found that disagree that, if such an armed attack occurs, and the country in the Balkans which cur- each of them, in exercise of the right of indi- rently comes the closest to the goal of a cussion to be perhaps the finest delib- vidual or collective self-defense recognized democratic government which respects the eration on national security issues by Article 51 of the Charter of the United Na- human rights of its citizens is the nation of that I have witnessed in the time I tions, will assist the party or parties so at- Slovenia, which was the first portion of the have served in the U.S. Senate. The de- tacked by taking forthwith, individually and

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00039 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S3896 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 11, 2000 in concert with other Parties, such action as very least I believe both Houses of Con- he told me that the United States is, it deems necessary, including the use of gress, especially this House, the Sen- ‘‘a European power whether you like it armed force, to restore and maintain the se- ate, need to undertake a thorough se- or not —obviously, indicating we are a curity of the North Atlantic area. ries of hearings on the strategic con- European power, whether we like it or In contrast, the new NATO Strategic cept and the future of NATO. not, in Europe and in the Balkans. I re- Concept goes well beyond the tradi- As a member of the Armed Services sponded that it is one thing to be on tional collective security role in its as- Committee, I could not urge this set of the point of the spear and to bear the pirations for NATO. Item 24 in the hearings more strongly. heavy load in certain cases, as the U.S. April 24, 1999 text states that: The Norwegian paper goes on to say did in Bosnia and Kosovo, but quite an- Any armed attack on the territory of the that: other to always be called upon to ride Allies, from whatever direction, would be It is also new and important that the alli- to the rescue, even in Europe itself. covered by Article 5 and 6 of the Washington ance said ‘‘yes’’ at the summit meeting to Going back to 1949, when NATO was Treaty. However, Alliance security must the desire of the EU countries to play a more formed, one of the quotes that rings in also take account of the global context. Alli- independent role and thus acquire greater ance security interests can be affected by my ears is a quote from Lord Ismay, political weight in the NATO cooperation. other risks of a wider nature, including acts the first Secretary General of NATO. Behind this also lies a desire for a cautious of terrorism, sabotage, and organized crime, When he was asked the purpose of counterweight to a United States that is per- and by the disruption of the flow of vital re- NATO, Lord Ismay said: The purpose of haps more strongly dominant now, militarily sources. and politically, than ever before in NATO’s NATO is to keep the Americans in, the I wonder if NATO is designed to history. Russians out, and the Germans down. I have serious reservations about track terrorism around the world, sab- Distinguished colleagues, this leads that particular mission statement now. otage around the world, and organized to my other major concern about the There is no need to keep the Russians crime around the world. United States and NATO: the question out. As a matter of fact, we are wrap- I continue to quote: of a ‘‘more independent role’’ for the ping our arms around the big bear in The uncontrolled movement of large num- European Union countries. John every way in every trade agreement, bers of people, particularly as a consequence Keegan, one of the world’s leading of armed conflicts, can also pose problems every cooperative agreement we can military historians, summed up the for security and stability affecting the Alli- possibly put together. Secondly, there current debate in an article last De- ance. is no need to keep the Germans down. cember. He said: Item 10 in that document includes as They are an emerging strong force on ‘‘fundamental security tasks’’ for Though it has long been American policy the European continent. NATO the traditional objectives of se- to encourage European political and eco- I wonder, though, having just come nomic integration on the model of its own curity, consultation, and deterrence federal structure, the United States is far back from dealing with my NATO and defense, as well as ‘‘crisis manage- less ready to welcome moves by the Euro- friends and our NATO allies, and hav- ment,’’ within which allies are ‘‘to peans to go their own strategic way. There ing gone to Kosovo, whether the real stand ready, case-by-case and by con- are two reasons for that. The first is that the ultimate purpose of NATO for the Eu- sensus, in conformity of Article 7 of United States sees its own security as inex- ropeans now is to keep the Americans the Washington Treaty, to contribute tricably bound up within the alliance system in. to effective conflict prevention and to in which it is a partner. The second is that Personally, I do not mind sharing engage actively in crisis management, it doubts the ability of the Europeans to con- power. I do mind always being the lead struct parallel systems which will deliver dog that is called upon to bear the bur- including crisis response operations.’’ military value.... The Americans are right I wonder if NATO has become not a to regard all current European attempts, ei- den. I think more and more Americans self-defense organization but a crisis ther through the European Union, or the be- are feeling that way themselves. management and crisis intervention latedly revived Western European Union or For me, however, the bottom line is organization. I wonder. through ad hoc arrangements such as the that, despite all of the difficulties, de- I point out that Article 7 of the newly announced Anglo-French force, to by- spite the possibility that there may NATO Treaty says that: pass NATO as damaging to the security well be some short-term disadvantages This Treaty does not affect, and shall not structure that already exists. for the United States, I believe the be interpreted as affecting in any way the Despite its advances in economic in- United States must, I repeat must, be rights and obligations under the Charter of tegration, the European community unequivocally supportive of the devel- the Parties which are members of the United still lags far behind in developing a opment of a strong, independent Euro- Nations, or the primary responsibility of the common national security structure. pean military capability to accompany Security Council for the maintenance of As we witnessed in Bosnia, and most international peace and security. Europe’s growing economic and polit- recently Kosovo, Europe lacks either ical integration. There is at present, While some Western observers, espe- the will or the means, or both, to con- and for the foreseeable future, no over- cially in the United States, maintain duct independent military operations whelming threat to European security that the 1999 Strategic Concept does even in its own backyard. And what- such as that posed by the Soviet Union not represent a significant change in ever the end result of the recent Euro- and Warsaw Pact. Europe should be NATO’s policy, I believe that the Nor- pean Security and Defense Initiative, able to attend to its own defenses in wegian newspaper, Oslo Aftenposten, or Identity it will be many years before the post-Cold War world. The fact that was much closer to the mark when it the Europeans can develop a military it has not done so is certainly attrib- wrote last April that: capable of significant action inde- utable to many factors, especially its In its new ‘‘strategic concept’’ NATO has pendent of the United States. When one divided and conflict-ridden history, but approved a radical expansion of the alli- adds the additional questions of na- if it does not act now—when the threat ance’s tasks, both geographically and with regard to content. From now on it will be tional sovereignty, domestic pressures is so low—then when will it? the alliance’s task to promote ‘‘security and to cut defense spending, and, of course, Developing the necessary support stability in the Euro-Atlantic area’’ by ‘‘be- the need for consensus on how and structures, both political and military, coming actively involved in dealing with cri- when to take military action, the chal- to produce an effective European secu- ses, including operations in response to cri- lenges facing the Europeans are rity identity will be neither quick, nor ses.’’ We see the first example in Kosovo. daunting indeed. easy, nor cheap. But they have to start It is my view that the members of Until Europe can surmount these sometime, and while the United States the NATO alliance, and especially the challenges, which, most likely, will be must avoid precipitous actions—such United States, need to think much many years from now, American in- as threatening a unilateral troop pull- more carefully about the expanded as- volvement and leadership via NATO out—I believe we must clearly signal pirations of their new strategic con- will still be seen, by Europeans at that we fully understand and support cept, and the costs—economic, polit- least, as essential. On my recent trip, I moves toward greater European self-de- ical, and human resource—they are was discussing the role of the United fense capabilities. Such moves may willing and able to pay in pursuit of States in Europe with the Deputy Sec- well produce some short-term these aspirations. Specifically, at the retary of NATO, Sergio Balanzio, when redundancies and inefficiencies in

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00040 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY May 11, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3897 NATO, but I believe that unless we en- In our last dialog Senator CLELAND multilateral organizations in foreign courage the Europeans to develop their and I discussed the importance of iden- policy. own capabilities for their own defense, tifying and establishing levels of pri- What are we talking about? Well, we will not see the kind of increased ority to our U.S. vital national inter- currently the United States is a mem- defense efforts that Europe ought to ests. Many other think tanks and for- ber of a staggering 90 multilateral or- undertake. Certainly American tax- eign policy organizations have rec- ganizations and numerous other bilat- payers have done their share, through- ommended a similar priority ranking. I eral agreements. It took a great deal of out most of the 20th Century, to con- noticed the other day in an article that effort by staff and by research special- tribute to European security. Vice President GORE has recently ar- ists to determine the number of multi- I think British Prime Minister Tony ticulated, a new kind of foreign policy lateral organizations where the U.S. is Blair said it best in a November 22, 1999 suggestion—a new agenda—adding the obligated. I venture to guess, I say to speech in London. He said: destruction of the natural environment my colleague, that the State Depart- We must shape European Defence policy in and the AIDS pandemic overseas as ‘‘a ment, the Department of Defense, the a way designed to strengthen (the) trans- threat to U.S. national security inter- Congress, and most foreign policy ex- atlantic bond by making NATO a more bal- ests.’’ These unique and unprecedented perts really don’t have any idea indi- anced partnership, and by giving Europeans issues are important issues, however, vidually or collectively of the respon- the capacity to act whenever the United sibilities, commitments, or obligations States, for its own reasons, decides not to be they have never made the cut in any involved. Only then will Europe pull its other U.S. national interest lists. They or the money that these organizations weight in world security and share more of definitely did not make the cut in the require of the U.S. all throughout the the burden with the United States. last bipartisan dialog that I had with world. I could not have said it better. my friend and colleague from Georgia. Richard Haass of the Brookings Insti- Mr. President, I now yield the floor Nonetheless, it is a healthy debate, and tution tried to tackle the issue of how to the distinguished Senator from Kan- I think it is a very proper debate for much the U.S. should try to do, largely sas, my friend and colleague in these our country and the Presidential can- or entirely on its own—unilaterally— dialogs on the U.S. global role in the didates. depending on the policy priorities or world, Mr. ROBERTS. What did make the cut is the fact the level of U.S. national interests The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- that the United States does not want a versus how much the U.S. should do in ator from Kansas. hostile regional hegemon to develop in cooperation with others. He articulated Mr. ROBERTS. Mr. President, let me Europe or Asia. And then, in the mean- that the choice is very complicated, as again thank my good friend and a dis- time, what happened in the Balkans the multilateral options subsume mul- tinguished American hero and states- post-Bosnia and post-Kosovo is the fact tiple approaches of multiple organiza- man, the Senator from Georgia, for set- that we have a paradox of enormous tions, including using the U.N. and ting in motion our bipartisan foreign irony. The irony is the United States other international institutions, alli- policy dialog. His common sense ap- continues in the role of being a world ances, and other regional organiza- proach and his insightfulness to our hegemon, or superpower—the only one. tions, and coalitions of those able and country’s national security obliga- Some critics say we have developed willing to act. tions, I think, have been most helpful into a humanitarian world global cop The fact is, the U.S. almost never and most educational. and our actions and means are viewed acts unilaterally, and it probably I say to the Senator, I believe and I by them as contrary to their own na- should not. The U.S. has fought five hope that our endeavor is accom- tional interests. major wars during the 20th century, plishing the original goals we outlined Mr. President, the consequence of the and in each of these conflicts the U.S. in our first dialog. Our dialog has at- U.S. role is the rest of the world is re- operated as part of an alliance or a coa- tracted attention from the media, and sponding as any sovereign nation lition. The recent U.S. actions all were some academics. We have been invited would respond to a hegemon. conducted in conjunction with forces to participate in various academic Former Ambassador Bob Ellsworth, a from other nations, even as our mili- panel discussions and foreign policy former Member of the House of Rep- tary superiority has reached a level un- dialogs. resentatives, and Dr. Michael May, matched in history. I hope both our colleagues and the wrote in the Los Angeles Times that Therefore, if the U.S. is going to op- American public have been paying at- U.S. military forces are so large, so ad- erate within the constraints of multi- tention in our effort to come to grips vanced technologically, and so active lateral organizations—and that appears with America’s role in an environment all over the world, that a climate of to be the case—the U.S. must structure so different that we cannot even name ‘‘hegemony envy’’ has developed in key alliances in such a way that promotes it, other than calling it the post-Cold strategic areas in Asia, Europe, and the our national interests and ensures that War period. Middle East. U.S. power is not undermined. When I have the opportunity to go Ambassador Ellsworth explains, the The following list of multilateral or- back to Kansas and address the issue of U.S. post-Cold War, change in posture ganizations associated with countries what our vital national security inter- from defense and deterrence to enlarge- that the U.S. has current, ongoing op- ests are; I realize foreign policy is not ment and offense, and the Clinton doc- erations is staggering: Iraq, 23; East a very bright return on the public trine proclaiming and executing inter- Timor, 5; Korea, 42; Kosovo, 6; Yugo- radar screen which is unfortunate. vention around the world in regard to a slavia, 30; Colombia, 15. Robert Kagan recently stated that rather questionable definition of U.S. We don’t have enough time in the the campaign for the Presidency should vital national interests is creating rest of the session of Congress to exam- focus more on foreign policy. I cer- antihegemonic coalitions against the ine all of the multilateral organiza- tainly think that is the case. He asked United States. tions where the U.S. has obligations. a simple question, ‘‘Is the world a safer This current trend of both allies and Obviously, that is going to be an effort place than it was 8 years ago?’’ His ar- nonallies asserting themselves against that should take place as we change ticle took us on a world tour of uncer- the U.S. is a very troubling digression. administrations, whether it be the Vice tainties, specifically identifying Iraq, The Nobel Prize novelist and dip- President or whether it be the Gov- the Balkans, China, Taiwan, and weap- lomat, Gabriel Garcia Marquez, ob- ernor from Texas. Today, like my col- ons of mass destruction proliferation, served that ‘‘President Clinton has league, I want to focus on NATO a bit Haiti, Colombia and Russia. found the political legacy he wants to and offer some possible suggestions for A realistic evaluation of emerging leave behind: The Imperial American the future of America’s alliances. patterns in the world lead us to the Model.’’ Obviously, that depiction of During the Cold War, containment of fact that the world is dangerously close American foreign policy is counter to Soviet power provided a simple and to coming apart at the seams. It is the goal of multilateral cooperation in easily definable job of deterrence from time for a serious debate about foreign the world today. Warsaw Pact aggression. The new Stra- policy, and this dialog we have started As Senator CLELAND stated, our third tegic Concept that was adopted over a is a small step in that direction. dialog today will focus on the role of year ago during the 50th anniversary of

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By the command structure with respect to indicated, NATO from a collective se- way, that credibility is being ques- ESDI, E.U. corps, and NATO still re- curity organization concerned with tioned with the U.N. mission in Africa. taining the rights of first refusal and self-defense to an international crisis Mr. President, if knowing what we how the U.N. Security Council struc- management and humanitarian relief know now about the new Strategic ture fits among the organizations is operation and organization. Concept and NATO with respect to a also a very troubling problem to over- Alexander Vershbow, U.S. Permanent Kosovo or a Chechnya or Rwanda, come. Representative on the North Atlantic would Senators still support the The number one concern should be to Council, recently said: changes? preserve NATO as the overarching Unbeknownst to many is the fact that the Again, I maintain that most Sen- framework and avoid duplication of ef- Strategic Concept’s most important function ators are not aware of all the obliga- fort or any political divisiveness from is to instruct Alliance military authorities tions listed in the Strategic Concept. I establishing separate capabilities. The how to configure NATO defense forces so said it at the time, I said it 6 months Kosovo crisis raises questions that that they are equipped for the full range of ago, I said it during the first dialog, must be answered about the alliance’s Alliance missions, from collective defense to and I say it again today. How many capability to reshape itself for new peacekeeping. people need to be placed in jeopardy be- conflicts of the 21st century and at the He also said: fore we act? What criteria do we set for same time accommodate the E.U.’s am- The U.S. believes that the most important humanitarian or C-list interventions? bition to play a greater role in the con- new elements of the revised Strategic Con- Does the United States intervene with tinent’s security. cept is the recognition that the fundamental or without NATO allies or U.N. Secu- Mr. President, I also want to address tasks of the Alliance is to carry out so-called rity Council approval on humanitarian ‘‘non-article 5’’ missions—operations in re- the issue of NATO expansion. grounds? Can we possibly justify inter- I realize the NATO membership is an sponse to crises that go beyond the defense vention in some areas of the world and of a Allied territory. affair of the heart for many nations not others when none reach the thresh- I am concerned that the most impor- who aspire to become members. How- old of vital or important national in- ever, as Senator LUGAR has alluded to tant and successful alliance in the his- terests? tory of our country has been so dra- we need to step back a little bit and Our country cannot support mili- keep the door open but put the future matically restructured that the future tarily a future which pursues U.S. and of the alliance is uncertain. Our force enlargement on hold. allied interests more widely around the We had a lunch hosted yesterday by structure cannot stand another world. The new Strategic Concept that swampy intervention with unclear and the distinguished Senator from Indiana our country is currently operating and Gen. Wesley Clark. Gen. Clark em- unsound objectives with no exit strat- under effectively enrolls the United egy in sight. phasized the fact that nations in Eu- States and NATO as a world policeman. rope who aspire to become either mem- The new Strategic Concept, as tested Some say that is not all bad. Some bers of the European Union, Partner- in Kosovo, in my personal opinion, is say that is what we must do as the ship for Peace, or NATO without recog- drying out the Cold War glue which world’s only superpower. holds the alliance together. Targeting In this regard, as the distinguished nizing the tremendous fervor and the by committee and escalation warfare Senator from Georgia pointed out, Eu- tremendous emotion involved in regard has stressed the system and turned a 3- rope is not standing still. They are pro- to their self-determination and what day war into a 78-day war of limited es- ceeding with a Defense Capability Ini- they think will be the bulwark for calation. As indicated by the debate on tiative and the development of the Eu- them and their individual liberty. this floor just about an hour or two ropean Security and Defense Identity First and foremost, NATO, I think, ago, an amendment introduced by both (ESDI) within the alliance. must rebuild Russian relations, which were strained over the Kosovo conflict. Senator BYRD and Senator WARNER I believe it is in U.S. interests for the will cause considerable and useful de- European alliance to develop their de- I know that belief is shared by Senator bate on Monday and Tuesday ending in fense capabilities, to strengthen their LEVIN. We have been working together a critical vote about the future of the collective will, and to make a greater on a cooperative threat reduction pro- Kosovo operation. contribution to security and defense in gram within the jurisdiction of the Gen. Brent Scowcroft expressed his Europe. However, my Dodge City gut Armed Services Committee which we concern last November stating: feeling says, sure, go ahead and provide believe will make some meaningful threat reduction progress and at the The revised Strategic Concept of NATO for your own defense, and bring our and the U.N. Secretary General separately American men and women home. The same time help rebuild stressed rela- have taken on the task of advocating the Balkans are in your ball park. You de- tions. support of persecuted minorities inside state cide the players. The London Times diplomatic editor, boundaries; that is, humanitarian operations However, history and military expe- Christopher Lockwood, reflects that such as those in Kosovo. In Yugoslavia, we rience, and the experience and exper- NATO’s possible new members at the heavily bombed a country in an attempt to tise of others, rightly point out that current time cannot contribute mili- protect a minority within that country. Now challenges with force structure, alloca- tarily with force structure, compatible we are in Kosovo presiding over reverse eth- tion, balance, interoperability, and the doctrine, or political and economic nic cleansing—surely a case of unintended stability. consequences. growing gap in tactics and capability between our countries underlying the I have been a strong supporter of Joseph S. Nye, Jr., Dean of the Ken- auspices of NATO are counter- NATO. I will remain a strong supporter nedy School of Government, recently productive to peace. of NATO. But I think we have to posed several thought-provoking ques- In Kosovo, the U.S. aircraft flew two- rethink the current NATO flightpath tions: thirds of the strike missions. Nearly and answer the hard questions that re- After the collapse of the Soviet Union, every precision-guided munition was quire our attention. what should be the limits of NATO’s mis- launched from an American aircraft, Mr. President, I now want to offer sion? With the Kosovo crisis, NATO fired its and U.S. intelligence identified almost what I think are extremely insightful first shot in anger in a region outside the al- all the targets. With the current Euro- liance’s treaty area, on declared humani- approaches to the future of multilat- tarian grounds. What criteria might NATO pean shrinking defense budgets and a eral organizations. draw on to guide a policy on the threat, or reluctance to support the current mis- Richard Haass expressed: use, of its force in a new strategic environ- sion, the road to ESDI may be a rocky Alliances, such as NATO, are one mani- ment of the 21st century? one filled with potholes indeed. festation, although such groupings are rare

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00042 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY May 11, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3899 and likely to become even less common in a CLELAND and I are trying to accomplish an amendment adopted by the Appropria- world of few fixed adversaries. Much more with our foreign policy dialog. America tions Committee yesterday that, among common are informal coalitions of parties cannot afford to miss this opportunity other things, would terminate funding for able and willing to work together on behalf to shape the future. deployment of U.S. ground combat troops in of a common purpose—be it to rescue the Kosovo after July 1, 2001, unless the Presi- Mexican economy, contain Sadam Hussein, I thank my colleague for initiating dent requests and Congress enacts a joint or enter East Timor. Such groupings are not the third dialog. I especially thank my resolution specifically authorizing their con- ideal—they are invariably ad hoc and reac- colleagues who have been very patient tinued deployment. tive and lack the legitimacy of more formal listening to my remarks. Senator I would very much like to have your per- regional or UN undertakings—but they are LUGAR, Senator LEVIN, and I welcome sonal views on this amendment, particularly consistent with a world where the willing- their input. your views on the impact this amendment ness of governments to cooperate varies from I yield the floor. could have on U.S. troops currently on the crisis to crisis and situation to situation, The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. ground in Kosovo and whether or not this where great power consensus in unreliable, amendment would increase the risk to those and where U.S. resources, however great, are SMITH of Oregon). The Senator from In- troops; the impact of this amendment on still limited. diana. U.S. interests in the region; and the impact Samuel Huntington, in this book Mr. LEVIN. Will the Senator from In- of this amendment on our relationship with ‘‘The Clash of Civilizations’’ explain: diana yield for 2 minutes? our NATO allies. Mr. LUGAR. I am happy to yield to Thank you for your consideration of this ‘‘In the emerging era, clashes of civili- important matter. zations are the greatest threat to world the Senator. Mr. LEVIN. I ask unanimous consent, Sincerely, peace, and an international order based after the Senator from Indiana is fin- CARL LEVIN, on civilizations is the surest safeguard ished with his remarks, I be recognized Ranking Minority Member. against war.’’ And, since the Cold War to participate in the dialog which is the question of ‘‘Which side are you MAY 11, 2000. on?’’ has been replaced by the much going on between Senator ROBERTS and DEAR SENATOR LEVIN: Thank you for your more fundamental one, ‘‘Who are you?’’ Senator CLELAND. letter of 10 May and the opportunity to pro- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- vide my personal views on the amendment Every state has to have an answer. adopted by the Senate Appropriations Com- That answer, its cultural identify, de- ator from Georgia controls the time. Mr. CLELAND. Mr. President, how mittee governing the future of U.S. troops in fines the state’s place in world politics, much time remains? Kosovo. its friends, and its enemies. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- While I support efforts of the Congress and Mr. Huntington further explains that the Administration to encourage our allies ator has 91⁄2 minutes. we must nurture other Western cul- to fulfill their commitments to the United Mr. CLELAND. I yield the time nec- tures that identify with the U.S. and Nations mission in Kosovo, I am opposed to essary to the distinguished Senator accept our civilization as unique not the specific measures called for in the from Michigan. amendment. These measures, if adopted, universal and uniting to renew and pre- Mr. ROBERTS. I ask the Presiding serve it against challenges from non- would be seen as a de facto pull-out decision Officer how much time I have remain- by the United States. They are unlikely to Western societies. Avoidance of a glob- ing. encourage European allies to do more. In al war of civilizations depends on world The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- fact, these measures would invalidate the leaders accepting and cooperating to ators from Kansas and Georgia are policies, commitments and trust of our Al- maintain the multi civilizational char- lies in NATO, undercut US leadership world- sharing the time. wide, and encourage renewed ethnic tension, acter of global politics. Mr. ROBERTS. So the time remain- Roberts translation: Why not con- fighting and instability in the Balkans. Fur- ing in regard to both Senators is now 9 centrate in areas of the world where thermore, they would, if enacted, invalidate minutes? the dedication and commitment of our Sol- Western values, Western democracy, The PRESIDING OFFICER. That is have been cherished, nurtured, and ap- diers, Sailors, Airmen, and Marines, dis- correct. regarding the sacrifices they and their fami- preciated? At the same time the U.S. Mr. ROBERTS. That does not give lies have made to help bring peace to the needs to stop trying to impose Western enough time for the distinguished Sen- Balkans. values in areas where they are not and ator from Michigan or the distin- Regional stability and peace in the Bal- will not take root? kans are very important interests of the guished Senator from Indiana. I ask Andrew Krepinevich from the Center United States. Our allies are already pro- for Strategic and Budgetary Assess- unanimous consent we be granted an viding over 85 percent of the military forces ments recently finished a thought-pro- additional 30 minutes. and the funding for reconstruction efforts. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without voking future vision titled ‘‘Trans- US leadership in Kosovo exercised through objection, it is so ordered. the Supreme Allied Commander, Europe, as forming America’s Alliances.’’ He be- Mr. LEVIN. I ask unanimous consent, well as our diplomatic offices, is a bargain. It lieves that America’s alliances are in after the Senator from Indiana has is an effective 6:1 ratio of diplomatic throw- need of transformation due to the fol- completed his statement, I be recog- weight to our investment. We cannot do sig- lowing reasons: Relative decline in U.S. nized with whatever time is available. nificantly less. Our allies would see this as a global power, the rise and recovery of The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without unilateral, adverse move that splits fifty years of shared burdens, shared risks, and great regional power, with an increased objection, it is so ordered. focus on Asia, the eroding of current shared benefits in NATO. Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, at this This action will also undermine specific ally durability and reliability, the cur- time I ask unanimous consent to have plans and commitments made within the Al- rent military revolution will make printed in the RECORD a letter from me liance. At the time that US military and dip- power projection more difficult, and fi- along with one I received today from lomatic personnel are pressing other nations nally the growing need to provide for Gen. Wesley Clark, who, until last to fulfill and expand their commitment of homeland defense. week, was NATO’s Supreme Allied forces, capabilities and resources, an appar- Mr. President, I feel Mr. ent congressionally mandated pullout would Commander in Europe and the senior undercut their leadership and all parallel Krepinevich’s assessment undertakes military commander of the NATO-led bold steps toward the future in his fol- diplomatic efforts. operation at Kosovo. It relates to his All over Europe, nations are looking to the lowing statement: views on the Byrd-Warner amendment, United States. We are their inspiration, their If the U.S. is to preserve the current favor- as it is called, which is part of the mili- model, and their hope for the future. Small able military balance in regions around the nations, weary of oppression, ravaged by a globe in the future, it will find itself increas- tary construction appropriations bill. There being no objection, the letters century of war, looking to the future, look ingly dependent upon allies for support. This to us. The promise of NATO enlargement, led may require a somewhat different set of alli- were ordered to be printed in the by the United States, is the promise of the ances than exist today. Restructuring alli- RECORD, as follows: expansion of the sphere of peace and sta- ance relationships to meet requirements will U.S. SENATE bility from Western Europe eastward. This take years, perhaps decades. Yet the geo- COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES powerful, stabilizing force would be undercut political and military revolutions that will Washington, DC, May 10, 2000. by this legislation, which would be perceived likely stress the U.S. alliance relationships General WESLEY K. CLARK, USA, to significantly curtail US commitment and should be undertaken now. Department of Defense, Washington, DC. influence in Europe. Mr. President, that is what we are DEAR GENERAL CLARK: Following up on our Setting a specific deadline for US pull-out trying to do. That is what Senator conversation today, I am enclosing a copy of would signal to the Albanians the limits of

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00043 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S3900 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 11, 2000 the international security guarantees pro- take other actions aimed at preparing much less sense than it had made be- viding for their protection. This, in turn, the way for Serbian military police re- fore. Some would have said the Soviet would give them cause to rearm and prepare occupation of the province. Union might revive suddenly and at- to protect themselves from what they would I know this subject will be a matter tack hapless European nations, but view as an inevitable Serbian reentry. The this became less and less likely. In more radical elements of the Albanian popu- of some debate on Monday and Tues- lation in Kosovo would be encouraged to in- day. I intend to participate in that de- fact, we found in the Desert Storm war, crease the level of violence directed against bate on the appropriations bill con- that our problem was that NATO was the Serb minority, thereby increasing insta- taining the Byrd-Warner provision. But not equipped to deal with conflicts out bility as well as placing US forces on the at this time, because of the interest in of area. It was a pickup game in which ground at increased risk. Mr. Milosevic, in the letter of General Clark, I thought I we enlisted various nations. anticipation of the pullout and ultimate would ask that be printed in the This out of area action had been con- breakup of KFOR, would likely encourage RECORD. templated at the time of the United civil disturbances and authorize the in- Again, I thank my friend from Indi- Nations Charter in Article 4, which creased infiltration of para-military forces ana for yielding. Senator ROBERTS has cited. John Fos- to raise the level of violence. He would also ter Dulles spoke openly and eloquently take other actions aimed at preparing the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- way for Serbian military and police reoccu- ator from Indiana. on that point. It was anticipated that pation of the province. Mr. LUGAR. Mr. President, I thank NATO members from time to time Our servicemen and women, and their fam- the distinguished Senators from Geor- would act out of area in their collec- ilies, have made great sacrifices in bringing gia and Kansas. It is a privilege to fol- tive efforts and for collective security. peace and stability to the Balkans. This low on some of the thoughts of the dis- So we did that in Desert Storm and the amendment introduces uncertainty in the tinguished Senator from Kansas, as he idea was always, from the time of the planning and funding of the Kosovo mission. has discussed multilateral organiza- United Nations Charter and the NATO This uncertainly will be undermine our serv- Charter onward, that nations could ice members’ confidence in our resolve and tions and focused especially on NATO may call into question the sacrifices we have which, in the judgment of many of us, freely decide to join in such actions. In asked of them and their families. A US with- is the most important and successful of the case of Desert Storm they did so. drawal could give Mr. Milosevic the victory these organizations in which the Now that a whole new set of facts he could not achieve on the battlefield. United States is a member. began to come forward, in which there In all of our activities in NATO, the appro- It is axiomatic, at least for many in were countries—Poland, Hungary, the priate distribution of burdens and risk re- foreign policy, that Europe counts for Czech Republic, and others—but main- mains a longstanding and legitimate issue ly the first three—in which the point among the nations. Increased European bur- the United States. By that I mean simply this: that although throughout our was made: We are a democracy. We are den sharing is an imperative in Europe as searching for freedom. We are search- well as the United States. European nations history many have argued that we are endeavoring to meet this challenge in could get along by ourselves on this ing for relevance and association with Kosovo, and in the whole KFOR and UNMIK continent and that entanglement in others who want freedom as we do. Some argued the evolution of Europe constitute a burdensharing success story, the affairs of Europe was often de- might have come entirely through the even as we encourage Europeans to do even scribed as nefarious skullduggery European Union, through the economic more. The United States must continue to statesmanship without scruple, that act in our own best interests. This legisla- union of the members. But most of us eventually we come back to the fact tion, if enacted, would see its worthy intent noted that was going very slowly. It that in the small world in which we generating consequences adverse to some of still goes slowly. Poland is not a mem- live now, what happens on that con- our most fundamental security interests. ber of the European Union as we speak, Thank you again for your support of our tinent matters a great deal to our secu- and it is not contemplated that it will servicemen and women. rity and to our prosperity. be for several years. This is now a very Very respectfully, It is for this reason that the United large country with a functioning econ- WESLEY K. CLARK, States stayed in Europe after World General, U.S. Army. omy and a democracy. War II. To state it very simply, as Ger- The point was that collective secu- Mr. LEVIN. I will take 30 seconds to man Foreign Minister Fischer stated read two paragraphs about the lan- rity meant making certain that the when he visited with our Foreign Rela- gains, the victories of the cold war, guage in the letter from Wesley Clark: tions Committee this week: The United These measures, if adopted, would be seen were ensured and were solidified. That States presence, the decision to stay, was the debate that we had a short as a de facto pull-out decision by the United made all the difference in the last half States. They are unlikely to encourage Euro- time ago with regard to expansion of pean allies to do more. In fact, these meas- century. It made a difference in terms NATO. Some argued: Why expand if ures would invalidate the policies, commit- of peace on the Europe continent, there is no particular threat? Why not ments and trust of our Allies in NATO, un- which had not had such an era of peace wait and see how the threat shapes up? dercut U.S. leadership worldwide, and en- in a whole millennium. You can always take on new members courage renewed ethnic tension, fighting and It made a very great difference for in the event things are troubled. instability in the Balkans. Furthermore, us, the United States, leaving aside But many argued, and I was one, that they would, if enacted, invalidate the dedica- NATO and the security it provided, be- tion and commitment of our Soldiers, Sail- the integration of forces, the building cause of the collective defense of NATO of institutions, takes time. Even in the ors, Airmen, and Marines, disregarding the members against the perceived menace sacrifices they and their families have made successful war we fought in the desert, to help bring peace to the Balkans. of the former Soviet Union and its al- the weapons systems that were em- Setting a specific deadline for U.S. pull-out lies. The fact is that through the Mar- ployed took 25 years to evolve. It is would signal to the Albanians the limits of shall Plan, and through many other very probable that the strengths we are the international security guarantees pro- economic associations, the European now building with new members in Eu- viding for their protection. This, in turn, countries grew substantially and so did rope, in NATO, will make a difference would give them cause to rearm and prepare our markets and so did our prosperity. in terms of their collective security, to protect themselves from what they would We tend to take this all for granted, view as an inevitable Serbian reentry. The and I believe in ours. With the crisis more radical elements of the Albanian popu- but only in the last 50 years has this over, many persons in the United lation in Kosovo would be encouraged to in- been a fact. States and maybe in this body, tend to crease the level of violence directed against We came to a point after the breakup ask: Why are we involved in Europe? In the Serb minority, thereby increasing insta- of the former Soviet Union in which fact, why can’t Europeans run their bility as well as placing U.S. forces on the many argued, and I was not the one own affairs? They say it is a trouble- ground at increased risk. who originated the term, but I adopted some situation to have our forces in- Mr. Milosevic, in anticipation of the it in a tour I took of Europe in 1993, volved there, meddling and in harm’s pullout and ultimate breakup of KFOR, that either NATO would go ‘‘out of way. would likely encourage civil disturb- area or out of business.’’ By that I We went through this in a very prac- ances and authorize the increased infil- meant simply that the idea of collec- tical way with regard to the war in tration of para-military forces to raise tive defense against the former Soviet Bosnia. As you may recall, in the lat- the level of violence. He would also Union, which had broken up, made ter stages of the Bush administration,

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00044 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY May 11, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3901 there was anxiety on the part of Presi- fore, would have a free ride. Ulti- by day, the grimy, grubby work of di- dent Bush as to what was happening in mately, the vote was very close. plomacy country by country, case by the former Yugoslavia. He was strongly I understand the constitutional point case. That is the problem. advised by European leaders that they very well. It could very well be that Duty in Kosovo, duty in Bosnia is not knew better what was happening there, historians will argue we misplayed our a popular assignment for anybody and that our involvement was really not hand at Rambouillet, that our diplo- never will be. I can think of various particularly welcomed. President Bush macy was not as swift as it should have other places in Europe in which it is may have welcomed that advice, for all been, that we made threats when we not going to be very pleasant. Yet to I know. But in any event, his deter- did not understand the military power keep the peace for over 50 years, to mination was to leave that problem that would be necessary to make those have prosperity for them and for us, to alone, so the conflict continued to threats good, and that even having make a difference in terms of stability progress badly in terms of the loss of made the threats, we did not have a of the world, that counts for some- life and displacement of persons and very good plan once we were tested. I thing. refugees and so forth. make no apologies for any of what pro- On the cheap, we can say, by and President Clinton attacked former ceeded, but the point is, we finally large, we did not vote for it, we are President Bush in the 1992 campaign come back to the fact we are in Europe tired of paying too much for it. Euro- for failing to have a plan for Bosnia. because it is our security—our secu- peans understand that a little bit, and I give credit to the distinguished Sen- But when President Clinton came into rity—that is at stake. It could be ar- ator from Virginia for trying to urge office in 1993 he found out how difficult gued, too, that for the moment the Eu- them to step up to the plate, and they that situation was. ropeans are not sharing the burden, al- have now demonstrated they are pay- I know from my own experience, though they would argue, by this time, ing more than 85 percent—the lion’s traveling with Senator Nunn in 1993, that they are shouldering their bur- share—whether it is the policing side talking on the phone with President den—but that is another debate all by or the economic side, and that we are Clinton over long distance as he asked itself. Or they might argue we should paying 15 percent, and that is about what we were finding out and how not be involved without having up-or- what we agreed to do. things were going? He was attempting down votes in the Congress on these They said, in essence: You fought to evolve a policy. things in any event, or that many most of the war, we will pick up five- He sent Secretary Christopher to Eu- Americans believe we are in Kosovo or sixths of the cost. That may or may rope about that time, a trip which was in Bosnia purely for humanitarian pur- not be a good agreement, but that is very unsuccessful. The Secretary poses, not for gut strategic purposes of roughly where we have come to in talked with the British and then the the United States, but because of eth- Kosovo. We could say we are tired of French and gave our views and asked nic cleansing or refugees or displaced paying the 15 percent and, as a matter their views. They had all sorts of persons. of fact, our 5,000 or 6,000 troops are views, all of them contradictory, and The case will be made that this is not tired of being there and, as a Senate, none of them helpful with regard to a real war, this is a policing action; it we are tired of debating the issue. We anything we had in mind. is a structural problem, like that faced would just like to get a vote on this As a result, things drifted. Some may by a mayor of a city or police or other and get rid of it cleanly. Tell the Presi- say that was simply too bad. Here are situations analogous that can be han- dent, whoever he is, where to go in this people with intractable views, dled by police, and European policemen situation. It makes no difference demagogs. Whatever was happening in rather than American policemen. whether we have a Secretary of State Yugoslavia was miserable and unfortu- We keep coming back to this haunt- negotiating over there or not, we know nate for those people, and especially ing question that President George better because we represent the people for their neighbors, our European al- Bush had to face and then President and we have the power of the purse and lies. But that was their problem—and Bill Clinton when the Europeans said: we can jerk this thing out imme- perhaps it was. But late in the game, We cannot make it by ourselves. Ulti- diately. Europeans came to us and said: We mately, Europeans might say: We can; Some will argue whether or not to do cannot solve it. It is insoluble without we are different now; we have new in- that as a matter of fact. The vote the United States. stitutions—whether they be security or would not come for a year. General We might have said, ‘‘Tough luck. economic—and you Americans can go Clark has testified to this in the letter You are on your own. This is what you home; we can get along without you; the distinguished Senator from Michi- wanted. You made your bed, now sleep it’s been nice to have you around. gan just read, that other countries will in it.’’ That is not what they are saying. As make their own calculations. We, We could have said that. We could a matter of fact, every European frankly, do not know what the foreign have watched the unraveling of various statesman who comes to Washington— policy of President Putin of Russia will parts of Europe as refugees and eco- and the Chair presides over these cof- be. We suspect, as a matter of fact, as nomic difficulties and aggression pro- fees in our Foreign Relations Com- we have heard from the Russian Am- ceeded. But we took a different view— mittee—we hear every single foreign bassador and from others that the Rus- I think the correct view—namely, we minister and defense minister vowing sians want a zone in Kosovo, maybe are the leaders in NATO. NATO was how important it is the United States ours. Let’s say we withdraw and the relevant to that situation. is there, stays there, stays there big, Russians say: It would be fine, as a That was a big step but not all Sen- how we must take the lead and help or- matter of fact, if we were there because ators agreed. The point being made in ganize the situation. We may say in we could help integrate the Serbs as the amendment offered by the distin- our impatience: Will they never be able they want to come back to their guished Senator from West Virginia to pull it together? Perhaps not in our homes, or help with a little bridge and the distinguished Senator from lifetime. there; that would be a good thing in Virginia is that we have not gone to What are the consequences if we terms of integration of Europe as we war very often. We have declared war leave? The consequence is the same one see it; and we are here as Russians; the even less. It is time to stop these infor- the German foreign minister told us Americans have gone home; they were mal arrangements in which we get in- this week. We left after the First World tired of this, tired of the policing ac- volved in operations without having an War. As a matter of fact, throughout tion and all the burdens, all the dif- up-or-down vote or authorization to the 1930s, we were not only isolation- ficulties. That is one possibility. spend money or send the troops. ists, we were glad we were not close to President Milosevic might say: Let’s That is a good point. I can remember the action, and we suffered for that. We be at ease for a year, wait it out. arguing before the Desert Storm war lost a lot of lives. We had a war around Kosovo was sort of a contretemps, a that we ought to do that, and there was the world that was touch and go for bad nightmare. A good many bombs great anxiety in the White House about some time because we were not pre- were dropped around the country, there any such vote for fear it might come pared to do the difficult work, the tedi- was some difficulties with the power out badly that Saddam Hussein, there- ous work, the actual intervention day stations and difficulties in terms of

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00045 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S3902 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 11, 2000 deprivation, but, by and large, that is I thank the distinguished Senators In large part because of American in the past, and in a year’s time, we from Georgia and Kansas, again, for in- support, the UN was founded in 1945 can be home free. We can begin to oper- viting me to be a part of the colloquy. with the purpose, according to its ate business as usual. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Charter: The Albanians noting the situation ator from Georgia. To maintain international peace and secu- likewise say: We have a year to prepare Mr. CLELAND. How much time is rity, and to that end: to take effective col- for the war to take on the Serbs who left on our time? lective measures for the prevention and re- are back with perhaps the help of Rus- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- moval of threats to the peace, and for the sian friends and others who come in to ator has 15 minutes remaining. suppression of acts of aggression or other fill this vacuum. Mr. CLELAND. Mr. President, I breaches of the peace, and to bring about by would like to conclude my remarks peaceful means, and in conformity with the European allies will be accused fre- principles of justice and international law, quently of withdrawing people from the with some additional thoughts and adjustment or settlement of international country. They will say, by and large, comments. disputes or situations which might lead to a the Americans are a strange leader; I thank Senator LUGAR, a distin- breach of the peace. they are gone. This is the only war guished student and practitioner of for- Furthermore, under Article 34 of the NATO ever fought and some may feel eign policy in this body for many U.N. Charter, U.N. ‘‘members confer on the only one it ever will fight because years, and the distinguished Senator the Security Council primary responsi- there was not very much leadership from Michigan, Mr. LEVIN, and thank bility for the maintenance of inter- here, not much standing to talk to us him for his wonderful letter from Gen- national peace and security, and agree about whether we have an independent eral Clark, who is a man with whom I that in carrying out its duties under force, whether it is with NATO or any- have shared a meal recently and dis- this responsibility the Security Coun- body else. cussed Kosovo and many other mat- cil acts on their behalf.’’ And Article 52 We have a very fateful vote coming ters. He is a distinguished American. I provides that: up, and it comes right to the point we respect him highly. Nothing in the present Charter precludes are discussing today: multinational or- I thank my distinguished colleague the existence of regional arrangements or ganizations and particularly NATO, from Kansas. One of the things that agencies for dealing with such matters relat- the most important security alliance, impressed me was the point the Sen- ing to the maintenance of international because Europe counts. ator from Kansas mentioned, that this peace and security as are appropriate for re- I suggest we do reaffirm NATO. country is committed and obligated in gional action, provided that such arrange- As a matter of fact, as the distin- some form or fashion to 90 different ments or agencies and their activities are guished Senator from Kansas pointed treaties or organizations, and that is consistent with the Purposes and Principles of the United Nations. out, I suggested last year at the NATO indeed quite an astounding number. celebration that we consider carefully I have two basic fears about Amer- In recent years, the United States new members. There were nine appli- ica’s global role. One is that, like Gul- has worked with, and sometimes with- cants. I say it is imperative that we liver, we will get wrapped up in many out, the cooperation of the U.N. Secu- keep hope alive for all nine. That is the lilliputian events and treaties and en- rity Council when seeking to accom- incentive for their reform and for the tanglements and not be free to move to plish its objectives. Despite all the dif- courage to continue on. crises in the world where we need to ficulties associated with it, the Secu- As a matter of fact, I hope we will have a maximum impact; secondly, rity Council remains the only widely move to adopt new members. I hope we that we get drawn into power vacuums accepted, multinational, legitimizing will offer leadership to fill out much around the world, particularly in the force for conducting military oper- more substantially those who have wake of the fall of the Soviet Union, ations against a sovereign nation. In fought for freedom, those who have a and institute a pax Americana. the 1995 book, ‘‘Beyond Westphalia,’’ lot at stake in the kind of Europe we I was recently in Macedonia. As the editors Gene Lyons, Michael think would be more secure for them helicopter took off, headed toward Mustanduno and their colleagues tack- and for us. Kosovo, an Army colonel pointed out led the difficult question of ‘‘state sov- I think we ought to be devoting more that if you looked out of the helicopter ereignty and international interven- resources to NATO rather than less. It to your left, you could see a Roman aq- tion.’’ The authors write that: seems to me we have a golden oppor- ueduct. I had never really been in that A historical transition was marked by the tunity. Historically, we have been es- part of the world. It was amazing to ac- settlement of Westphalia in 1648, which ended the Thirty Years’ War and opened the tablished there for a long time. To tually see a Roman aqueduct put to- quest— which goes on to this day— to find a abandon or weaken NATO at this gether by the Roman armies there in way for independent states, each enjoying point, or to give hints we are going to Macedonia over 2,000 years ago and it sovereignty over a given territory, to pursue abandon it, or to give hints that it can still be intact. their interests without destroying each be taken for granted, would be an un- I began to think the very ground over other or the international system of which fortunate policy. which I was flying had been occupied each is a part. By the same token, this debate gives by not only Alexander the Great but One of the recurring themes which us an opportunity to finally establish, his father Philip, and that Greek and has been highlighted in these floor dia- once and for all the question: Does Eu- Roman armies had gone over this very logues organized by Senator ROBERTS rope count? Do we care? Can Europe terrain. Later, after the Dark Ages, for and myself about the global role of the make it without us? I believe it counts. some 600 years the Turks and the Otto- United States in the post-Cold War I do not think they can make it with- man Empire occupied this particular world is on this very question of sov- out us. I think we have to be there. land. Now we, the Americans, were ereignty. More specifically, under what And if we are going to be there, we there. conditions is it permissible and appro- ought to lead, and we ought to have the It was a sobering moment for me. I priate for a nation or coalition of na- resources that make it count. We wondered exactly how effective we tions to intervene in the internal af- ought to expand the operation, as a could really be in that part of the fairs of another sovereign state? matter of fact. We ought to be asser- world with those conflicts which seem In an April 1999 speech in Chicago, tive and bold as opposed to timidly to be eternal. I wondered exactly what British Prime Minister Blair posed the pulling back into our tent. we could do there, what we could con- question in a way which is representa- I believe that is what the debate tribute, especially with our military tive of the concerns of many of those— ought to be about. It ought to be about force. especially in the Western democ- the strength of the very best multi- Those are some thoughts I have. racies—who believe that, under certain national organization we have, about I would like to address one other egregious circumstances, there must be the reasons our allies are important to issue in terms of our multilateral and limits on national sovereignty in to- us, and what we intend to do about it. multinational relations, and that is day’s world. Prime Minister Blair said: I thank the Chair for the opportunity our relationship with the United Na- The most pressing foreign policy problem to give this address. tions. we face is to identify the circumstances in

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00046 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY May 11, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3903 which we should get actively involved in sovereignty traditionally were largely con- as for most of the world, and recog- other people’s conflicts. Non-interference straints on states’ behavior with regard to nized in solemn commitments—for ex- has long been considered an important prin- other states, in recent decades constraints ample including NATO’s own charter— ciple of international order. And it is not one on sovereignty have increasingly involved is the United Nations and more par- we would want to jettison too readily. One the internal affairs of states, or how govern- state should not feel it has the right to ments relate to their own citizens, econo- ticularly its Security Council. change the political system of another or fo- mies, and territories. But it is equally clear that the UN’s machinery is not now capable of ful- ment subversion or seize pieces of territory However, the current limits on inter- to which it feels it should have some claim. filling this role assigned to it by the national interventions are captured in But the principle of non-interference must be international community. The sad cur- the final two observations: qualified in important respects. Acts of geno- rent events in Sierra Leone, and pre- cide can never be a purely internal matter. (Third), the international community has viously in Bosnia, in Rwanda, in An- developed a formidable institutional pres- When oppression produces massive flows of gola, and in Somalia demonstrate con- refugees which unsettle neighboring coun- ence, yet clearly lacks the resources and or- tries then they can properly be described as ganizational capacity to serve as a viable al- vincingly that the UN cannot enforce ‘‘threats to international peace and secu- ternative to the society of sovereign states the will of the international commu- rity.’’ . . . (Fourth), the legitimacy of the inter- nity unless all local parties accept its It is interesting that on that same national community will continue to be intervention. In other words, it can en- day in 1999, Brazilian President Fer- questionable as long as there are funda- force an existing peace but cannot mental differences between North and South make peace. nando Henrique Cardoso offered some with regard to whose values and interests related observations, with his views on And in the absence of an effective the international community represents . . . United Nations, I say to the advocates the Kosovo War, which he and his If the major powers claim to be acting, country supported. President Cardoso’s through the exercise of their international of humanitarian intervention, we have views reflect the concerns of many of decisionmaking authority, as the guardians to proceed with great caution. Further- those in the developing world who of the common good, less powerful states more, while various Western leaders worry about the consequences of a loss seem to want to know, who is guarding the and theorists have proposed standards of sovereignty in reducing their ability guardians? to determine when and how national to control their own destiny. Lyons and Mastanduno conclude that sovereignty should be overridden, such We heard Senator ROBERTS talk we are likely to experience an ongoing standards are neither comprehensive, about the fear of the United States and ‘‘chipping away’’ at the sovereign au- nor clear, nor widely accepted. its growing hegemony or being a great tonomy of nations. However, they end Though I do not oppose the notion of hegemony in various portions of the with the following cautionary note: international intervention in prin- world, or being the ‘‘big dog.’’ The idea of state sovereignty is alive and ciple—because as I said before various President Cardoso said this: well among both the more powerful and less global trends are moving us in that di- Who has the authority and approval of the powerful members of contemporary inter- rection—in my opinion much will have international community to drop bombs? national society. Even if states increasingly to be done before we can or should Such attacks are not endorsed by an inter- share authority with intergovernmental and stake important national interests on national organization that legalized such ac- nongovernmental organizations, the state it. Among the steps which must be un- tions. The United Nations was left system endures. dertaken are: aside...The United States currently con- So where does that leave us? For the Reforming the peacekeeping oper- stitutes the only large center of political, isolationists and the unilateralists, the ations and decision-making processes economic, technologic, and even cultural question of international intervention within the UN and the Security Coun- power. This country has everything to exert is, of course, not important for they be- its domain on the rest of the world, but it cil. must share it. There must be rules, even for lieve that the United States should Strengthening the capabilities of re- the stronger ones. When the strongest one not, or need not, rely on other nations gional organizations, like the Organi- makes decisions without listening, every- or the international community in ad- zation for African Unity, the Organiza- thing becomes a bit more difficult. In this vancing our security interests. How- tion of American States, the Associa- European war, NATO made the decision, but ever, as I have said in the first two of tion of Southeast Asian Nations—and who legalized it? That is the main problem. these dialogues, I do not believe the as I suggested earlier the European I am convinced more than ever that we need people of our country are prepared Union— to deal with regional threats a new political order in the world. now, or in the foreseeable future, to to international order. How do we reconcile these different pay the substantial—albeit quite dif- Thoroughly debating—including in and sometimes conflicting, yet both le- ferent—costs arising out of either the this body—the proposed frameworks gitimate, concerns: the need on the one isolationists’ or the unilateralists’ for intervention put forward by the hand to protect powerless individuals agendas. Clinton Administration, the British from the depredations of their own gov- For everyone else, including balance government, and others. ernments, and on the other to protect of power realists, Wilsonian idealists None of these steps will be easy. For less powerful nations from unilateral and everyone in between, they have to example, reforming the decision-mak- or even multilateral decisions by the face the dilemma of balancing the re- ing processes of the Security Council in stronger powers? ality of the continuing dominance of a way that improves its ability to act Mr. President, in the last dialog, I the nation state as the key player in would presumably involve curtailing tried to quote President Kennedy. I international security affairs with the the veto power of the permanent mem- think I got the quote wrong. I think he increasing transnational communica- bers. However, while such a change said that ‘‘we must dream of a world in tions, economic forces, and values would eliminate or reduce the ability which the strong are just, the weak se- which are circumscribing national sov- of China or Russia to block what we cure, and the peace preserved.’’ I think ereignty. view as appropriate interventions, it that is what President Cardoso was In my opinion, we have no choice but would also similarly constrain our own after. to try to improve the international capacity to prevent what we view as The editors of Beyond Westphalia machinery for legitimating and, in undesirable actions by the UN. draw four principal conclusions which some circumstances conducting, inter- Strengthening the capabilities of re- bear on this matter. The first two offer ventions in extreme cases where a na- gional entities raises resource ques- encouragement to those who see a tion’s actions within its own borders tions, and, as already discussed, devel- clear need for constraints on unfet- necessitate such a response. To do oth- oping a serious European defense capa- tered sovereignty, especially in cases erwise would be to ignore the trends bility raises a number of additional of massive human rights violations: noted by Lyons and Mastanduno in 1995 concerns. And developing any sort of First, constraints on state sovereignty not and which have certainly considered meaningful consensus about the prin- only have a long history but have been increasing significantly in recent years as a apace since then. And whatever its ciples for international interventions consequence of both growing interdepend- shortcomings, and they are many, it is even among NATO members—let alone ence and the end of the cold clear that the international machinery among both developed and developing war...(Second), while constraints on state of choice, for the United States as well countries—will be an extremely long

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00047 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S3904 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 11, 2000 and difficult process. But for anyone the loss of many civilian lives, the Eu- out humanitarian and peacekeeping op- who can conceive of circumstances ropean Union or the Western European erations in Africa. The United States where an international response will be Union should have used force to end program, called the African Crisis Re- in our national interest, it is the type this barbarity in their own backyard. If sponse Initiative or ACRI, has trained of effort we will have to undertake. they had, the ensuing damage and loss over 6,000 peacekeepers from the Afri- Mr. President, that concludes my re- of life throughout the Balkans might can nations of Benin, Ghana, Malawi, marks in this, our third session on the have been avoided. Instead of acting Mali, Uganda, and Senegal. The ACRI US Global Role. Our next discussion with force, however, the European program, whose program of instruction will hopefully take place during the Union declined to take any forceful ac- has been approved by the UN Depart- week of May 22, and in many ways is at tion. For its part, the UN Security ment of Peacekeeping, also promotes the heart of the concerns which moti- Council imposed an international em- professional apolitical militaries and vated both me and Senator ROBERTS to bargo on the supply of arms to the reinforces respect for human rights and initiate these dialogs: the central ques- combatants, thus succeeding in locking the proper role of a military in a de- tion of when and how to employ Amer- in the advantage that the Yugoslav mocracy. ican military forces abroad. I look for- Army enjoyed. It doesn’t appear that Mr. President, while most people ward to that debate—which will appro- NATO even considered taking action at only associate the UN with peace- priately occur just before the Memorial that stage of the Balkan conflict. This keeping or peace enforcement mis- Day break— and I hope other Senators was an example of the inability or un- sions, there are other actions that it will participate. willingness of the United Nations, the has undertaken. In December 1992, the I yield the floor. European Union, NATO and other mul- UN Security Council, at the request of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- tilateral organizations to effectively the Government of the Former Yugo- ator from Michigan. deal with a real-world crisis that had slav Republic of Macedonia, estab- Mr. LEVIN. Is there any time left? the potential of spreading. lished a preventive deployment mission The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time It should be noted that NATO has in Macedonia in an effort to prevent has expired. substantial forces under its command the Balkan conflict from spreading Mr. LEVIN. I ask unanimous consent but the United Nations does not have a into that nation. Originally composed to speak for 5 minutes. standing UN army, nor, in my view, of a Nordic battalion, it was aug- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without should it. The United Nations is de- mented by a U.S. Army contingent in objection, it is so ordered. pendent upon the political will of its July 1993. The conflict did not spread f members to supply the forces and the to Macedonia, perhaps because of this MULTILATERAL ORGANIZATIONS financial resources to take action. It is mission. It was the first deployment of ironic that politicians of all nations Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, I want to an international force prior to an initi- feel free to criticize the United Nations ation of hostilities. commend Senator CLELAND and Sen- for failing to successfully carry out its The crisis in Kosovo also produced ator ROBERTS for instituting this bipar- missions but the reality is that any unprecedented actions by several mul- tisan dialogue relating to the global failure of the United Nations is a fail- tilateral organizations. In 1998, amidst role of the United States. We normally ure of the UN member nations to pro- mounting repression of the ethnic Al- only discuss these issues when a real- vide the UN with the necessary means banian population by the Yugoslav world contingency is looming and we for its missions. We can’t have it both Army and special police, Yugoslav do so under significant time con- ways—we can’t refuse to provide the President Slobodan Milosevic reached straints and within the dynamic of rap- UN with the necessary means to do its an agreement with U.S. envoy Dick idly unfolding crises. This dialogue, job and then hammer the UN for its Holbrooke to comply with UN demands which allows us to discuss these issues failings. for a cease-fire and to accept an intru- in a better setting, will hopefully con- UN Secretary General Kofi Annan, in sive verification regime of the Organi- tribute in a better understanding of the commenting upon a December 1999 Re- zation for Security and Cooperation in various perspectives on these issues port of an Independent Inquiry that he Europe (OSCE). Involving approxi- and may bring us closer to a consensus commissioned and that documented mately 2,000 unarmed personnel, this on the fundamental issue of the global the UN failure to prevent genocide in was the largest, most complex and po- role of the United States. Rwanda and on his own earlier report tentially most dangerous mission ever This week’s subject—‘‘Multilateral on the UN’s failure to safeguard undertaken by the OSCE. Additionally, Organizations’’—is a very broad area. I Srebrenica, stated that ‘‘Of all my NATO deployed an Extraction Force to will confine my remarks to those mul- aims as Secretary General, there is neighboring Macedonia that was poised tilateral organizations that have re- none to which I feel more deeply com- to come to the assistance of the OSCE sponsibilities relating to the mainte- mitted than that of enabling the personnel if they came under attack. nance of international peace and secu- United Nations never again to fail in While the OSCE mission was not able rity. I have in mind organizations like protecting a civilian population from to prevent all armed attacks, particu- the United Nations, the North Atlantic genocide or mass slaughter.’’ Treaty Organization, the European Mr. President, I welcome Secretary larly the mass killing of ethnic Alba- Union, the Organization for Security General Kofi Annan’s statement, but I nians in Racak in January 1999, it did and Cooperation in Europe and the mu- recognize the reality that the UN’s enable international humanitarian re- tual defense treaties to which the ability to take effective action in the lief organizations to provide direly United States is a party. future—even to prevent genocide—re- needed assistance to the Kosovar popu- I would like to briefly discuss several mains dependent upon the political lation until forced to withdraw on recent international crises and the role will of UN member nations to provide March 20, 1999 in the face of an unten- that the various multilateral organiza- the UN with the forces and the finan- able situation, including additional tions played in addressing those crises. cial resources it needs. large-scale deployments of Milosevic’s I want to note, at the outset, that Mr. President, just as the United Na- military, special police and para- sometimes they were successful and tions has learned some hard lessons in military forces into Kosovo. sometimes they failed. places like Rwanda and Srebrenica, so By the time of the OSCE’s with- Mr. President, I don’t know how the United States learned a hard lesson drawal from Kosovo, repression of the many of my colleagues have ever been in Somalia, where we lost 18 of our fin- ethnic-Albanian population of Kosovo to Dubrovnik. It is an ancient and est soldiers in a single engagement. escalated to a full-scale attempt to breathtakingly beautiful seaside city In response to the need for an effec- ethnically cleanse Kosovo. Unfortu- on Croatia’s Dalmatian coast. When tive peacekeeping capability in Africa, nately, the UN Security Council was the Yugoslav Army subjected the United States, Britain and France unable to act as both Russia and China Dubrovnik to indiscriminate shelling are embarked on parallel and coordi- signaled that they would veto any reso- in October 1991, resulting in the sys- nated programs to enhance the capa- lution authorizing the use of force tematic destruction in the old city and bilities of African countries to carry against the security forces of Slobodan

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00048 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY May 11, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3905 Milosevic. Despite the lack of inter- able and sustainable. As General Wes militias in the aftermath of a ref- national legitimation that a UN Secu- Clark, NATO’s Supreme Allied Com- erendum that overwhelmingly favored rity Council authorization would have mander during the air campaign, testi- independence from Indonesia. The UN provided, NATO was resolute and fied in response to my use of the con- Security Council authorized a multi- launched a 78-day air campaign that cept ‘‘maximum achievable force’’. national force to restore peace and se- forced Slobodan Milosevic to accede to ‘‘We knew we had to avoid collateral curity in East Timor. Australia took NATO’s demands. This was the first damage, keep the allies together, do the lead in this peace enforcement mis- time in its fifty-year history that the most we could against the targets sion and the United States provided NATO had embarked on a large-scale on the ground, and avoid the loss of air support but did not provide any ground combat operation. Following the air crews. We had to keep it in balance. It combat forces. As Admiral Blair, Com- campaign, the UN Security Council es- was, as you put it, a maximum achiev- mander in Chief of the Pacific Com- tablished a UN mission to administer able force strategy.’’ mand, put it in testimony before the Kosovo and authorized an inter- An Alliance goes to war differently Armed Services Committee, ‘‘East national armed force under NATO lead- than an individual nation does. The Timor demonstrated the value of hav- ership to provide a secure environment. United States clearly would have caring the U.S. in a supporting role to a And for the first time in the 20th Cen- ried out the air campaign more competent ally, providing unique and tury, ethnic cleansing in Europe was robustly from the outset if we had been significant capabilities needed to en- reversed. The United States bore the acting unilaterally. sure success without stretching the ca- major burden in NATO’s air campaign Overwhelming, decisive force un- pability of U.S. forces and resources to but the European Union pledged to doubtedly is the first and most pre- conduct other operations worldwide.’’ bear the major share of the reconstruc- ferred option for the United States in Mr. President, the United States can- tion effort and has provided most of any military operation. That is the les- not be the world’s policeman. But we the peacekeeping forces for Kosovo. I son of Vietnam. But if it is not pos- also cannot withdraw to fortress Amer- welcome the fact that the United sible, as it will rarely be when a coali- ica and seek to ignore what goes on in States is playing a junior role in the tion is considering action, then the the rest of the world. The United peacekeeping effort with only about 15 next option is to use the maximum States possesses unparalleled economic percent of the troops, and I also wel- achievable force in an alliance setting. and military strength. But no nation— come our European NATO allies’ ex- The question then becomes whether no matter how strong—can go it alone. pressed determination to play a more the greater risks entailed in using less Understanding this, our forebears substantial role in future conflicts in than overwhelming, decisive force are formed alliances many years ago Europe, either as part of a NATO or a worth taking. throughout the globe. Our collective European Union-led effort. If the participation of the whole defense treaties with the other 18 na- Additionally, in a departure from the NATO Alliance was both critical to the tions of the NATO Alliance and with normal UN practice, the UN Mission in success of the military operation countries like Australia, Japan, the Kosovo or UNMIK has been organized against Milosevic and the only politi- Philippines, and the Republic of Korea into four pillars, under the overall su- cally achievable option, were we wise are major contributors to the protec- pervision of the UNMIK head, Dr. to proceed? If so, does this mean that tion of our national security interests. Kouchner. Those four pillars are: civil we should automatically resign our- Our status as one of the five permanent administration under the United Na- selves to using less than overwhelming, members of the UN Security Council, tions itself; humanitarian assistance, decisive force in any future conflict? with veto power, also enables us to en- led by the Office of the UN High Com- The answer is we should not resign sure that the actions of the Security missioner for Refugees; democratiza- ourselves to the use of less than over- Council are consistent with our nation and institution-building, led by whelming divisive force. But there will tional security interests. Our Alliances the OSCE; and economic reconstruc- be times when because we can achieve and our participation in the United Na- tion, managed by the EU. an alliance action with maximum tions and other multilateral organiza- Despite the fact that our NATO allies achievable force that it will be worth tions also help to ensure that there is would have borne the effects of a mas- the risk, and there will be times when a shared responsibility for maintaining sive flow of ethnic-Albanian Kosovars, it will not. international peace and security. The regional instability, and the potential An overwhelming, decisive force UN’s authorization and approval of a involvement of two of its member na- strategy is best when U.S. forces are mission adds great universal political tions—Greece and Turkey—on opposite involved in hostilities. In the case of support to the undertaking. sides of the conflict, no individual Eu- Kosovo, our NATO allies were unwill- None of these organizations I have ropean nation had the military or po- ing to adopt such a strategy. Our re- described are perfect and none of them litical wherewithal to use force against maining options were to do nothing, to will succeed in maintaining the peace Serbia to end its barbarous acts. I go it alone, or to use a maximum if their Member nations lack the polit- doubt that a coalition of European na- achievable force strategy, which meant ical will to provide the military forces, tions could have done so. Although the a phased air campaign and no ground the financial resources, and, increas- United States had the military capa- forces. ingly, the police forces to carry out the bility to carry out such an operation, In my view, while there were draw- missions that are undertaken. as Secretary Cohen and General backs to going to war in Kosovo as part Mr. President, I realize that Senators Shelton noted in their joint statement of a coalition, the benefits of fighting CLELAND, ROBERTS and others talked to the Armed Services Committee, as part of the NATO coalition, under about the security interests of the ‘‘Operation Allied Force could not have all the circumstances, outweighed United States in a prior week. I don’t been conducted without the NATO Alli- those drawbacks. Napoleon said it well: plan to comment at length on that sub- ance and without the infrastructure, ‘‘The only thing worse than fighting in ject today, but I do believe that it is transit and basing access, host-nation a coalition is fighting against one.’’ necessary to touch on it with respect force contributions, and most impor- If the use of overwhelming, decisive to multilateral organizations. tantly, political and diplomatic sup- force is also not an option in some fu- The obvious point is that the extent port provided by the allies and other ture conflict, we will once again have to which the United States participates members of the coalition.’’ to make the judgment whether the risk with its armed forces in a particular Mr. President, much has been said involved in utilizing maximum achiev- mission will be determined by the ex- and written about NATO’s use of less able force, i.e. less than overwhelming, tent to which our national interests than overwhelming, decisive force in decisive force, outweighs the risk to are involved and the degree of risk it the air campaign against the Federal U.S. interests of not proceeding. entails, including, as noted above, the Republic of Yugoslavia. NATO’s capa- Meanwhile across the globe in East greater risks that may result from act- bility was limited to what I call ‘‘max- Timor, the international community ing within a coalition. imum achievable force,’’ i.e., the max- reacted in horror at the death and de- Accordingly, the United States has imum force that is politically achiev- struction wrought by pro-Indonesian made clear that it will not provide

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00049 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S3906 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 11, 2000 troops for the United Nations peace- The Democratic leader is recognized. that chair and hearing our colleagues keeping mission in the Democratic Re- f debate the issue of NATO and our place public of Congo. In the same vein, the in Europe and the broader national se- United States will not provide troops ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY curity issues and the specific issue of for the UN Transitional Administra- EDUCATION ACT whether or not we should remain in tion in East Timor, the follow-on mis- Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, I know Kosovo. It is entirely appropriate that sion to the Australian-led intervention we are about to go out. Before we do, I this body debate this issue. No one force, but will provide a few U.S. offi- wanted to call attention to the fact should criticize any Senator for bring- cers to serve as observers and will, as that I wish we could have taken up the ing that up or for crafting a piece of part of their normal exercises, periodi- ESEA bill again this afternoon. The legislation designed to focus this Gov- cally deploy U.S. personnel to perform fact is that we have amendments that ernment on an exit strategy. Everyone activities such as the rebuilding of could have been offered on either side. knows we need one. schools and the restoration of medical We have indicated a willingness to I add my voice to that of Senator services. even offer time agreements on vir- LUGAR, Senator LEVIN, and others, who Mr. President, I believe that it is in tually all amendments. There are a have expressed concern that while it is the United States national interest to number of amendments that are pend- appropriate to debate, it is not appro- support the United Nations as it seeks ing. We are told that we just do not priate to leave at this moment. I wish to fulfill its primary responsibility to have time on the schedule to revisit I could say it is time to leave, but I be- maintain international peace and sta- ESEA this week. I really question that. lieve America still has a place in Eu- bility. We also need to work to The fact is that we have been in morn- rope. I believe if we set in motion the strengthen our alliances and to encour- ing business all afternoon. We are not wheels to leave Kosovo, we will set in age our allies to strengthen their mili- going to be in session tomorrow. We motion the mechanism to decouple the tary capabilities so that they can share will be in debate only scheduled on United States and NATO with Europe. the common burden. We also need to Monday for the military construction I think we need to be very thoughtful utilize the various other multilateral bill. We are not overworked here. about that. organizations that can contribute to It seems to me that on an issue as I wish Mr. Putin and the new Russian international peace and stability. Fi- important as ESEA needs to be ad- Federation well, and I hope they join nally, we need to explore every oppor- dressed. The fact is, it should have the democratic nations of Europe. I tunity to bring about actions that will been reauthorized last year. It wasn’t. hope we can include them in more ways serve to end conflict at the earliest It needs to be reauthorized this year. than ever imaginable throughout all of possible time, as wasn’t done in 1991 at We have fewer than 40 legislative my lifetime. But I think the jury is the time of the initial shelling of days left between now and the time still out. I hear from their neighbors, Dubrovnik, and to prevent the spread that we are scheduled to adjourn. With still, they are afraid of what happened of conflict, as was done by the UN pre- appropriations bills, the China debate, in Chechnya. The Nation of Georgia ventive deployment mission to Mac- and a number of other issues unfin- trembles. I know Moldovians do, I edonia in 1992. ished—bankruptcy we hope, and other know Ukranians do, I know Romanians Finally, Mr. President, I want to end issues—there is very little time. do. They have all been in my office this in the same way that I started; name- So it seems to me that we ought to week, worried that the United States ly, by commending Senator CLELAND be using what time we have available would pull out its stabilizing influence, and Senator ROBERTS for instituting to us to our best advantage. Being in an influence that, frankly, these this dialogue. I look forward to the morning business for most of the day is emerging democracies look to, count continuation of this dialogue in the not my concept of utilization of time on, and still need. I know we are tired coming weeks and I hope to be able to in an appropriate way. of it. I know we are tired of funding it. participate again in the future. Again, I express the regret that we I know our fighting men and women I again thank our good friends from haven’t had more of a chance this week don’t like being in a police operation. Georgia and Kansas. I add my thanks to deal with this very, very critical But I also know the cost of leaving also to the Senator from Indiana for bill. The education bill ought to be fin- Europe is a cost that is much larger his extraordinarily thoughtful remarks ished. We worked on it in a very con- than the one we are paying now to stay this afternoon. I was not able to hear structive way, I have felt. There has in Europe. I hope President Clinton and all of it. I would like to have heard all been progress—limited, but, nonethe- Madeleine Albright and others in our of it. But I heard enough to know that, less, progress. We could have had a lot executive branch can figure out how we as usual, the Senator from Indiana more progress. There is no reason why can get out of there, but get out in a adds an extremely thoughtful and thor- we can’t finish this bill. There is no way that does not destroy this institu- ough contribution to this debate. reason why we couldn’t have done an- tion called NATO, which the world still I commend our good friends from other bloc of amendments today and needs. As Senator LUGAR said, that day Georgia and Kansas for carrying on some amendments tomorrow. In fact, I may come, that we can go home and what I consider to be a very significant think maybe we could have finished the Europeans say goodbye, but that dialog. It takes a lot of effort and a lot the bill this week. That is now impos- day is not now. of energy to do what they are doing. It sible. And there is no prospect of bring- I think we should have a vigorous de- is critical to this nation’s security. ing the bill up at least for the foresee- bate, but I think we should be exceed- Both of them have already made huge able future, given what the majority ingly careful before we say to our Eu- contributions to our Nation’s security. leader has indicated is his intention ropean allies and to everyone watching Now, on the floor of the Senate, they with regard to appropriations bills. I the United States and counting on the are making an additional major con- am troubled and disappointed by that. United States, that we are pulling out tribution, and this country is again in I make note of that as we end the day of Dodge. I don’t think we can say that their debt. today. Hopefully, we will have more yet. I hope we can say it soon. But I I thank my friends. productive weeks and more opportuni- know we can’t say it now. Mr. President, I suggest the absence ties to debate this issue. But time is f of a quorum. going by quickly. We don’t have that The PRESIDING OFFICER. The PRESIDENTIAL NOMINEES IN much more time. I hope we can better OREGON clerk will call the roll. use the time we have. The assistant legislative clerk pro- I yield the floor. Mr. SMITH of Oregon. Mr. President, ceeded to call the roll. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- I have come to talk to citizens of my Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, I ask ator from Oregon. State who have a rare privilege in the unanimous consent that the order for f next few days: The two leading can- the quorum call be rescinded. didates for the highest office in our The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. BEN- MILITARY CONSTRUCTION land will be in the State of Oregon. NETT). Without objection, it is so or- Mr. SMITH of Oregon. I have had the Vice President GORE will be there to- dered. privilege for the last hour of sitting in morrow, and Governor Bush will be

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00050 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY May 11, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3907 there on Tuesday. I will have occasion place on April 24 in Hartford, Newark and Talk about not renewing nuclear li- to be with Governor Bush, and my New Orleans. On April 28, he will co-host a censes for energy plants—but that has friend and colleague, RON WYDEN, will summit in Sacramento. an environmental cost as well. I see After last summer’s outages Secretary have occasion to be with Vice Presi- Richardson formed a Power Outage Study Senator BYRD on the floor all the time, dent GORE tomorrow. Team to review the events of last year and decrying how the coal fields of West Oregonians need to ask a lot of ques- provide recommendations for making the na- Virginia are being shut down because tions to find out where these men are tion’s grid more reliable. The team’s final re- this Administration does not want to on issues that affect their lives. I came port, issued last month, is available online produce any more coal. I hear the peo- to speak in terms similar to those of at http://www.policy.energy.gov. ple in the northeastern United States Senator GORTON, who wants Washing- Mr. SMITH of Oregon. This is a news screaming about skyrocketing fuel tonians to ask what I want Oregonians release from Department of Energy prices in the winter, yet we are becom- to ask; that is, Mr. Vice President, Secretary Richardson announcing six ing more dependent upon foreign oil. where are you on the issue of hydro- short-term actions to help prevent Now I hear this Administration, in my electric power on the four Snake River power outages. neck of the woods, the Pacific North- dams in the State of Washington? I am This will blow your mind. west, saying they are going to tear out not sure I know of an issue of greater We are expecting power outages all our hydroelectric power. importance to our State’s environment over the United States this summer. It is not unreasonable, my fellow and our State’s economy. As a back- The long-term forecast for the Pacific Americans, to ask how are the lights ground to this question, Mr. GORE, Northwest is for energy shortages, as going to go on? Our own Energy De- where are you on the question of well. If you look at the six proposals partment is admitting we have a prob- breaching these dams? for what this Government is going to lem on the horizon. I think the whole I would like to talk a little bit about do, there isn’t one proposal about pro- country was just reminded that gaso- our energy policy in this country. So I ducing energy. The first one is: Look line does not come from a filling sta- say to any Oregonians that may be for opportunities to reduce electric tion. It is $2 a gallon and climbing in watching, I want to share a memo consumption at Federal water projects. some cases, falling in others, I hope. which I ask unanimous consent to have Let me tell the farmers what that We need an energy policy. printed in the RECORD. means, they are turning off the switch I support conservation initiatives. There being no objection, the mate- and they are turning off the water. Raise CAFE standards? I am for that. I rial was ordered to be printed in the That is what that means. am looking for ways to conserve. But RECORD, as follows: Second, solicit and approve tariffs Americans are demanding energy and ENERGY SECRETARY RICHARDSON ANNOUNCES that will help reduce electricity de- this Administration’s policy is to shut SIX SHORT-TERM ACTIONS TO HELP PRE- mands during peak times. Do you know down domestic energy production and VENT POWER OUTAGES what that means, Mr. President? That leave America more dependent on for- STRESSES NEED FOR INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE TO means the rates are going up. It is like eign oil. This does not add up. PROTECT RELIABILITY IN THE LONG TERM a tax increase. So the cost of your en- I hope Oregonians understand that it Energy Secretary Bill Richardson today ergy is going up. We are not going to is very important to ask the Vice announced a series of short-term actions produce any more, Heaven forbid, we President of the United States what his that the Department of Energy will take to are just going to make it more expen- policy on energy is. Mr. Bush has al- help ensure the reliability of the nation’s sive. ready answered it. He said if he is power supply in the coming months. Several The next actions prescribed: The En- elected President, the dams will stay regions across the country have experienced and you will keep your jobs and the reliability problems in recent summers and ergy Department will conduct an emer- there are concerns about the reliability of gency exercise with State and local lights will go on at night. I like that the nation’s grid this summer. governments to help prepare for poten- answer. It is clear. These short-term actions by the Depart- tial summer power supply emergencies. He also made the point that we can ment of Energy, while not a cure-all, are de- So we essentially will do a fire drill to have our energy and we can have our signed to help keep the lights on this sum- see what happens when a whole city fish as well. Let me tell you a real mer,’’ said Secretary Richardson. ‘‘To pro- shuts down because electricity isn’t dirty little secret. As we speak, all tect reliability in the long term, we need produced when hitting a switch. Some- that can be heard here in Washington new policies and passage of federal elec- is the gloom and doom about the fish tricity legislation to keep pace with rapidly body has to turn something before we changing market developments. can have lights. going away. Do you know that in the The Department of Energy will: work with The next one prescribed: the Govern- Columbia/Snake Rivers right now, other agencies to identify opportunities to ment is going to gain up-to-date rel- those rivers are teeming with salmon reduce electric consumption at federal water evant information about potential coming back to spawn? projects during times of peak demand; urge grid-related problems as quickly as Let me give some numbers. As of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission possible. today, at the furthest dam they want and state utility commissions to solicit and Great. We don’t already have that in- to take out, called the Lower Granite, approve tariffs that will help reduce elec- formation? 18,000 chinook have passed through this tricity demands during peak time periods. season. Some say, ‘‘Oh, but they must For instance, large industrial consumers Finally, we are going to prepare pub- could find it to their advantage to sell their lic service announcements to provide be hatchery fish.’’ To those I say no, power entitlement back to their utility if it tips for how you can conserve elec- they are not. A few of the fish are from would be profitable; explore opportunities tricity. hatchery stock, but many of them are for the use of existing backup generators Nothing in the news release about wild. Do you know how many fish during power supply emergencies to reduce producing. passed through this same dam last the strain on electric systems and help avoid When Mr. GORE and Mr. Bush are in year? It was 240. This year it was 18,000. blackouts; conduct an emergency exercise the State of Oregon, I want Oregonians These numbers have many in the envi- with state and local governments to help ronmental community looking pretty prepare for potential summer power supply to ask about our power. I want them to emergencies; work closely with the utility ask how are our lights going to go on ashen-faced. industry to gain up-to-date relevant infor- at night? How are we going to stay The first dam on the Columbia River mation about potential grid-related prob- warm in the winter? How are our fac- that the fish pass through is called the lems as quickly as possible; and prepare pub- tories going to continue to operate? Bonneville Dam, a dam Franklin Roo- lic service announcements to provide tips to How will we have jobs? sevelt dedicated, I believe in 1936. As of help consumers reduce electricity use and This is not a hypothetical situation I today, 160,000 spring chinook have lower their bills. am posing. These are real potential passed over that dam this season. Secretary Richardson began a series of re- threats. These are big returns. There are lots of gional summits this week between federal, state and local government officials, regu- In spite of all of that, the Vice Presi- fish returning. In fact, there are so lators, utilities and consumers to discuss dent is talking about shutting down many coming back that the Oregon De- ways to enhance the reliability of our elec- any offshore drilling. Fine, but realize partment of Fish and Wildlife is club- tric system. The first meetings are taking that has a cost to the environment. bing nearly every fish they can find

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00051 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S3908 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 11, 2000 that is a hatchery fish. They are kill- What happens to those families? Their two years, and bars certain reengined ing them so they will not spawn be- land goes back to sagebrush. aircraft with low by-pass ratios from cause they say that hatchery stock af- It takes at least 5,370 direct jobs in European airspace. The regulation was fects the ethnic purity of the wild Portland. I actually think it is higher implemented despite the fact that the stocks. than that when you look at the ripple aircraft in question meet the highest The real secret about hatchery fish is effect. When you take out these dams, international noise standards. that their eggs come from wild fish. you lose longshoremen in Portland and Thankfully, in March, the U.S. filed But, nevertheless, we have so many the many other service-related jobs an Article 84 case within ICAO against fish now, apparently, that we have the that depend on them. Not only that, the fifteen EU Member States arguing luxury of clubbing them to death be- but to take these dams out, it would that the regulation violated the Chi- fore they can spawn. By the way, the cost $809 million. Some have said that cago Convention. ICAO will review the hatchery fish in the Atlantic salmon it could cost that much for each dam— matter this fall, and hopefully resolve recovery program are treated the same I don’t know whether we can get it in a way that reaffirms its position as wild fish. But in spite of all this, through this body an appropriation to as the sole, international standard set- we’re told in the Pacific Northwest destroy Federal assets that will be in ting body. that we have to take out our dams. We the billions of dollars. What are you Ironically, the EU wants to have its have to take them out in order to have going to replace the energy with? What cake and eat it too. EU Members a normative river. are you going to burn? This is crazy. States are now anxious for ICAO to es- What do we hear from the adminis- What else do you lose? You lose 3,033 tablish new, more stringent, Stage 4 tration? We hear on the one hand that megawatts of clean hydroelectric noise standards. Indeed, the U.S. is Fish and Wildlife has concluded the power. That is the amount it takes to working with ICAO on this endeavor as dams have to come out. The National run the city of Seattle every day. We we speak. The key question becomes, Marine Fisheries Service says we need are going to take that out in the face why should we develop new standards if to study dam breaching for at least 10 of projected energy shortages? Not on the EU has demonstrated that the old years because we do not have a good my watch. ones can be disregarded at whim? If the answer yet. And, by the way, the stud- So I say with the Senator from Wash- EU wants Stage 4, it must begin by ies they have been producing are all ington: No, not on our watch. demonstrating its respect for Stage 3 predicated on data from 1980 to the cur- I say to my fellow citizens in Oregon, by withdrawing the hushkit regulation. rent date. However, if you look at data this is the most important question Mr. President, I will be following the dating back to 1960, which is available, you can ask Al Gore. Governor Bush resolution of this dispute very care- you do not come up with extinction has answered it. Please, Mr. Vice Presi- fully. It is critical to future trading op- modeling. But federal agencies just dent, tell us what is your position on portunities that the integrity of the picked the years that had the worst tearing out hydroelectric power in the ICAO process be upheld. ocean conditions to argue that the Pacific Northwest? One of your agen- f salmon are going to become extinct un- cies says do it. Another says we don’t less we tear out our dams. I want the know enough yet. A third says don’t do SECURITY AND COMMERCIAL SATELLITE IMAGERY fish but I don’t want the people to be it. And GORE is refusing to answer the suckers. I think we are being set up to question. Mr. AKAKA. Mr. President, as Rank- be that. We can have our fish and we can have ing Member of the Subcommittee on I would like to know, also from Mr. our power. There are many things we International Security, Proliferation, GORE, why it is that the Corps of Engi- can do, short of destroying our energy and Federal Services of the Govern- neers was about to issue their rec- infrastructure and our clean, hydro- mental Affairs Committee, I am con- ommendation, which was don’t take electric power. There are many things cerned about an emerging issue that the dams out, and they were ordered by we can do to save fish short of the de- has important implications for our na- the White House not to make that rec- struction of this kind of energy. To re- tional security: the commercial sat- ommendation? Why were they ordered place our clean energy with any other ellite imaging industry. Soon the pub- to make no recommendation? What type, you are going to burn something lic will have access to high resolution that adds up to, I believe, is that this and Oregonians will live in a dirtier pictures able to show objects as small is not about science—this is about po- place. I do not want them to. as three feet in size. litical science. Political science is not I ask the Vice President, respect- The rapid evolution of satellite tech- the basis upon which this decision fully, to answer the question. What is nology has suddenly made the ‘‘eye in should be made, particularly when our your policy on dam breaching? the sky’’ accessible to everyone, from rivers are full of fish as we speak. f foreign governments to the average in- What are the consequences if they dividual. Secret sites are suddenly no pull the dams out? I have named a few EUROPEAN UNION HUSHKIT longer secret. Photos of Area 51, a top- already, but I do know it adds 13 cents REGULATION secret military installation located in a bushel to every farmer’s wheat. I Mr. INHOFE. Mr. President, the Nevada, were recently made available know it means $11 million a year lost International Civil Aviation Organiza- by a private company selling commer- in revenue to the barging industry. tion, ICAO, is a specialized agency of cial satellite images. The wide avail- When you take this wheat from the the U.N. that has been tasked for more ability of these pictures to any person barges and put it on a truck, do you than 50 years with the safe and orderly or country that can afford to buy them know how many trucks it takes to re- growth of international civil aviation. has the potential to both help or hinder place those barges per day? It takes Based in Montreal, this 185 countries our security. 2,000 semi trucks a day. You say you strong organization develops inter- Initially satellites were used during care about the environment? Are you national standards on such critical the Cold War for defense purposes. going to burn that kind of fuel, burn up issues as noise, emissions, and air wor- These classified images were only those kinds of miles, cause that kind of thiness. available to the government. However, congestion in the city of Portland and I am saddened to report that, last civilians began to benefit from sat- the city of Seattle? Not on my watch week, the European Union dealt a se- ellite pictures about thirty years ago you will not. vere blow to the integrity and future when the government satellite, What else does tearing out the dams viability of this critical organization. Landsat, began to sell photos to the mean? It means a loss of about $130 I, of course, am speaking of the EU’s public for agricultural planning pur- million in property values to farmers. implementation of the so-called poses. The first commercial satellite What does that mean to property hushkit regulation. This regulation launch did not occur until 1986, when taxes? School support? Roads? All bans hushkitted aircraft from being France, Sweden and Belgium jointly those things are in jeopardy if you take registered in Europe, prohibits such launched SPOT I. those dams down. Dam breaching takes aircraft that are not European reg- The technology of satellites today 37,000 acres of wheat out of production. istered from flying in Europe within has evolved considerably since

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00052 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY May 11, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3909 Landsat, in 1972, began providing Sensing Program is based at the Sten- volatile relationship between Pakistan photos to the public. Those pictures nis Space Center in Mississippi. and India. could only render images of objects But it is clear that as this competi- We cannot make assumptions about larger than 250 feet across. tive industry grows in the future, we what these pictures mean when con- This all changed when earlier this should examine the impact of commer- structing our national security policy. year a private company called Space cial satellites on our nation’s security. Our eyes can deceive us. Photo inter- Imaging made history by distributing Many have applauded the growth of pretation is going to open up a new the first high-resolution satellite im- this industry as a means of keeping the area of commercial employment for ages of a North Korean ballistic missile public well-informed and expanding the former government analysts. This site. Their photos had a one-meter res- national discussion on issues of na- evolving space race of the commercial olution, providing the public a detailed tional and international security. It is satellite industry can offer us many look at the missile facilities of this true that having access to satellite im- military and civilian benefits. It can be rogue nation. Ruts in the road used by ages of other countries does enable the an important tool in assisting us to North Korean trucks could be seen. U.S. to monitor more areas around the make many of our national security The industry for commercial sat- world, to identify violations of inter- decisions in the future. But we must ellites is growing steadily. In 1994 national agreements, detect human also be wary about jumping to conclu- President Clinton issued Presidential rights abuses and watch for possible se- sions from what we see. A single pic- Decision Directive 23 which permitted curity threats. It will mean private, ture may not be worth a thousand the Commerce Department to license non-governmental organizations, such words. We must contemplate the use of 12 U.S. companies to operate remote- as the one which commissioned the pic- these commercial satellites carefully sensing satellites. Space Imaging and tures of North Korea, will be watching and find the way to best utilize them Aerial Images, the company which the world too, and issuing their intel- so that they bolster, not threaten, our took the Area 51 pictures, may be the ligence bulletins. national security. first two of these companies to get a This may result in confusing inter- Just as Global Positioning System satellite aloft, but there are more to pretations. Countries could take ad- (GPS) navigation devices are now wide- come. At least two other U.S. compa- vantage of the fact that they may be ly accessible, we could have a situation nies plan on launching satellites this monitored by one of these satellites. in which an enemy uses GPS to attack year and several foreign companies Knowing that they are being photo- an American target identified by com- have similar plans. graphed by a satellite and that these mercial satellite imaging. Recently, Legal restrictions surrounding these images may be made public, states the White House announced the United photo purchases are few. Imaging com- could attempt to blackmail the inter- States would stop its intentional deg- panies do not have to identify either national community by staging what radation of the GPS signals available their customers or their pictures. An appears to be a more robust nuclear to the public, giving the public access amendment to the 1997 Defense Author- program or preparations for a missile to the precise location system pre- ization Act prohibits U.S. companies test for the benefit of the threatening viously possible only for the Depart- from selling satellite images of Israel images that this would produce. After ment of Defense. Defense is requesting that show objects with a diameter all pictures do not lie, do they? Or they $500 million in FY2001 to sustain and under 6 feet. Any sale of images to a could do exactly the opposite and dis- modernize the GPS program. Much of terrorist state or any regime under guise their advanced defense capabili- the technology used in commercial U.S. or international sanctions is also ties so that the images captured and space launches came from the military. prohibited. Aside from these restric- released to the media actually rein- This is a strange new world. We need tions, there are virtually no limita- force a rogue nation’s efforts to cir- to gain a greater understanding of the tions on any satellite or any sale of cumvent international law. implications of this technology on our satellite pictures. And even these re- This possibility calls to mind the pic- national security. The technology may strictions are going to be harder to tures taken last January of the Nodong be inherently uncontrollable—just as maintain as competition increases missile launch site in North Korea. As export controls over computer from more companies outside the I mentioned earlier, those pictures de- encryption became impossible to sus- United States. picted a crude missile site and a launch tain. Satellite imagery has the poten- At the moment, the images are ex- pad that cuts through a rice paddy, tial to be a major asset to the arms pensive, limited in coverage but not making the North Korean facilities ap- control, human rights, and environ- difficult to purchase. Foreign govern- pear primitive and unthreatening. But mental communities. We are wit- ments, private groups or individuals these observations contradict the Sep- nessing the birth of a new area of infor- can now place their orders. In a com- tember 1999 National Intelligence Esti- mation technology. I would urge my petitive market with more countries mate which believes North Korea to be colleagues to consider this issue as we offering this service, there will be com- the country most likely to develop begin to examine American security in petition to provide more precise pic- ICBMs capable of threatening the U.S. the 21st century. tures, of a greater number of subjects, during the next fifteen years. If the f in a more timely manner, at less cost. U.S. accepts these pictures as fact and The restrictions the U.S. now imposes believes that the North Korean missile 142ND ANNIVERSARY OF THE AD- will be harder to maintain in such a site is as unthreatening as it appears, MISSION OF THE STATE OF MIN- free market. What was secret once, will should we let down our guard and dis- NESOTA INTO THE UNITED be secret no longer. regard the threat they may pose to our STATES OF AMERICA Pictures of Area 51, for example, were country? I think not. ∑ Mr. GRAMS. Mr. President, the provided by a Russian launched sat- Similarly, in March of this year, sat- State of Minnesota has truly been ellite. India is also beginning a pro- ellite photos of Pakistan’s nuclear fa- blessed with a wide array of remark- gram to launch high-resolution imag- cility and missile garrison were taken able gifts. Few places on Earth can ing satellites and Israel is planning to by a commercial satellite and sold to a boast such diversity amongst its abun- launch its own commercial satellite. Washington-based arms control organi- dant natural resources, prosperous in- American restrictions on satellite im- zation. These images have sparked a dustries, and exceptional people. Today ages of Israel only apply to American public policy debate over their inter- marks the 142nd anniversary of Min- satellites. Soon commercial satellites pretation and international security nesota’s admission as the thirty-second will also be using radar imaging—and implications. The organization that state of the Union, and I want to take thus will no longer be limited by the purchased these photos insists that this opportunity to reflect on a few of need for clear skies—and hyperspectral they are proof that Pakistan will not the things that make my state special. sensors which permit analysis of chem- be persuaded to give up its nuclear This is a difficult speech to make in ical characteristics. The United States weapons program. However, a possible such a short amount of time, as I am government has long been part of the misinterpretation of this data could sure I could break Senator THURMOND’s action. NASA’s Commercial Remote easily incite a flare-up of the already twenty-four hour and eighteen minute

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00053 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S3910 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 11, 2000 filibuster record by talking about Min- viously faced a bleak medical outlook. citizens is a great honor. So, on this nesota’s contributions to America but I Other Minnesota organizations are 142nd anniversary of our statehood, I will stick to just a few of the high- searching for answers to tomorrow’s encourage Minnesotans to take time to lights and try to finish up by sundown. problems—today. The world-renowned discover something new about our Minnesota’s natural beauty has been Mayo Clinic not only treats over half a state and ponder some of the many photographed and documented time million patients a year, but is leading treasures with which we have been and time again. License plates may the charge against the mysteries of blessed. Visit one of our sky-tinted proclaim Minnesota to be ‘‘The Land of mankind’s deadly diseases through its lakes, the Mall of America, Split Rock 10,000 Lakes,’’ but in reality, our vast ongoing research. Lighthouse, Fort Snelling, or even the lakes number in excess of 12,000, and we Of all the successful companies, nat- world’s largest ball of twine. Take have more than 63,000 miles of natural ural beauty, and bountiful resources pride in our state and continue the ef- rivers and streams. But there is some- Minnesota plays host to, the real treas- forts to make Minnesota an even better thing about sitting on the shore of ures are the people of my state. Suc- place to call home.∑ Mille Lacs Lake at dawn on a Saturday cessful Minnesotans come from all in July that even a two-page spread in walks of life. Some of the most prolific f National Geographic cannot capture. writers of the past century have hailed CRIME VICTIMS’ RIGHTS Minnesotans have a unique relation- from the North Star State. The first ship with their great outdoors. Many American to be awarded the Nobel Mr. JOHNSON. Mr. President, for the take advantage of our pristine environ- Prize for Literature was Sinclair eighth year in a row, the Uniform ment through a large assortment of ac- Lewis, a native of Sauk Centre, Min- Crime Report indicates that violent tivities, such as taking a week to canoe nesota. F. Scott Fitzgerald, Jon crime has decreased across our coun- through the Boundary Waters or going Hassler, and Garrison Keillor are all try. In 1999, the number of murders, for a walk along the Mississippi River writers we are proud to call our own. rapes, aggravated assaults, robberies, over a lunch hour. Minnesota is a true Something about the fresh air in and property crimes decreased eight sportsman’s paradise. Our unique habi- Minnesota inspires us to do bigger and percent in the Midwest and seven per- tat creates some of the best hunting better things. Charles Lindbergh must cent overall. While crime experts will and fishing in the country. We are have gotten a big whiff of that air; so argue endlessly on the reasons behind proud of our outdoor heritage, and take did Judy Garland, Kevin McHale, and this remarkable trend, I believe that seriously our commitment to main- Bob Dylan, just to name a few. Our local, state, and federal law enforce- taining the delicate balance between state and nation recently mourned the ment are primarily responsible for protecting the environment and the re- loss of one of our most beloved natives. making our streets safer than a decade sponsible use of our resources. Charles Schulz captured the hearts of before. Nor are we shy about sharing our young and old alike with his long-run- While I am pleased with the results bounty with others. Minnesota wel- ning Peanuts comic strip, and we will of this new report, it is important to comes more than 20 million vaca- miss him each and every Sunday. remember that behind every crime sta- tioners every year, who support 170,300 There are many Minnesota celeb- tistic, there is a child, a spouse, a rel- tourism jobs and return $9.1 billion to rities who have contributed to the rich- ative, or a friend that has been victim- the local economy. Yet, for all those ness of our nation, but the people who ized. Even one crime is too many be- visitors, our state offers places of such really deserve the applause and rec- cause that crime victim has been vio- solitude that a camper or canoeist can ognition are the men and women who lated in a way that forever changes travel for a week and spot any number day in and day out strive to make their their life. In our country’s haste to of deer, bears, and bald eagles, but communities, state, and nation a bet- focus on what should happen to the never see another person. ter place to live. The farmer who har- criminal, the victim is too often over- The influence of agriculture on Min- vests our nation’s corn, the police- looked. That doesn’t have to be the nesota life and traditions cannot be woman who patrols the streets, the case, and I believe that more should be overstated. Even as family farms strug- stay-at-home mom who supervises a done to assist crime victims in South gle in today’s difficult market, the re- household of kids, and the volunteer Dakota and around the country. silience and dedication of our farmers who takes the time to visit a disabled As a former prosecutor, I am well establishes the backbone of the Min- veteran rarely receive the accolades aware that victimization in and of nesota economy. One in every four they deserve. These people are as indis- itself is terrible to cope with, let alone Minnesota jobs is tied to the agri- pensable to the growing, bustling com- the anguish of a legal proceeding and culture industry in some way. Min- munity of St. Michael-Albertville as restitution recovery. The voice of the nesota has become a national leader in they are to the thriving metropolis of victim should be heard at every step of international exports, as our producers Minneapolis-St. Paul. I applaud them the criminal process, and local and export billions of dollars worth of and am proud to represent each of state programs should have adequate grains, meats, and other products them here in the United States Senate. resources to effectively deal with crime every year. I am proud of my ongoing The quality of life in Minnesota is victims. efforts to ensure that even more world outstanding for a reason. Ideals such as States have taken the lead in pro- markets are opened to Minnesota agri- hard work, dedication, personal respon- tecting the rights of crime victims, and culture products—they are among the sibility, and a true passion for life are it is time for the federal government to best products in the world, and they all essential to my state’s success. follow suit. South Dakota provides a should be shared. Many of the nation’s Growing up on a Minnesota dairy farm, number of specific ‘‘victims rights’’ in- top job providers call Minnesota home. I was fortunate enough to witness cluding the right to restitution, no- Well-known names like General Mills, these qualities and their importance at tices of scheduled hearings and re- Pillsbury, 3M, Target, and Cargill have a very young age. leases, an explanation of the criminal deep roots within our communities. And for any of my colleagues who charges and process, and the oppor- Aside from the economic impacts made may be wondering, you don’t have to tunity to present a written or oral vic- by our corporate community, there is be a native to spread the ‘‘Minnesota tim impact statement at trial. South an impressive philanthropic presence Nice’’ spirit. For example, some of the Dakota also has victim/witness assist- in the state. For example, Cargill’s most outstanding Minnesota citizens ants in many of the prosecutor’s offices generous contributions to causes such are those from its many ethnic commu- across the state who work with crime as education, environment, and youth nities. Their devotion and contribution victims on a daily basis. programs total in the tens of millions to Minnesota’s way of life is commend- I am a cosponsor of the Crime Vic- of dollars. able, and representative of the way our tims Assistance Act which enhances Firms such as Medtronic and St. state seems to bring out the very best victims’ rights for federal crimes and Jude Medical are national leaders in in its people. provides several grants for state and the bio-medical industry. Their prod- I am deeply proud of my state, Mr. local prosecutors, judges, prison em- ucts have given hope to those who pre- President, and representing her and her ployees, and law enforcement officials

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00054 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY May 11, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3911 to improve their handling of crime vic- Ten years ago, May 10, 1990, the Fed- in Political Science and he holds a tims as well. However, instead of pass- eral debt stood at $3,075,637,000,000 Masters degree in Public Administra- ing this important piece of legislation (Three trillion, seventy-five billion, six tion with Distinction from American that would have an immediate impact hundred thirty-seven million). University, awarded in 1980. He served on state and local efforts to improve Fifteen years ago, May 10, 1985, the in the United States Navy as an Intel- crime victims services, some in Con- Federal debt stood at $1,739,232,000,000 ligence Officer for three years. gress prefer to focus their attention on (One trillion, seven hundred thirty- In 1990, Gordon served as my cam- proposals to amend the United States nine billion, two hundred thirty-two paign manager. Former Senator Eu- Constitution. I have reservations about million) which reflects a debt increase gene McCarthy, with his wonderful ir- amending the constitution while Con- of almost $4 trillion— reverent sense of humor, once re- gress has the ability to enact legisla- $3,924,961,479,449.87 (Three trillion, nine marked that practicing politics is a lit- tion instead to accomplish the same hundred twenty-four billion, nine hun- tle ‘‘like being a football coach; you goal. I am more concerned that this dred sixty-one million, four hundred have to be smart enough to understand focus on a constitutional amendment seventy-nine thousand, four hundred the game, but dumb enough to think has slowed the pace of crime victim forty-nine dollars and eighty-seven it’s important.’’ Well, Gordon is a bril- legislation over the past several years. cents) during the past 15 years. liant strategist, an outstanding It is critical that Congress pass and the f ‘‘coach’’, and although his acute sense President sign into law the Crime Vic- of humor would appreciate Senator tims Assistance Act this year. ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS McCarthy’s self-deprecating quip, In addition to the Crime Victims As- nonetheless he’s always known the im- sistance Act, Congress must pass this portance of the game. He’s proud of the year the Violence Against Women Re- ON THE RETIREMENT OF GORDON C. KERR work he’s done in the Senate as a pub- authorization Act (VAWA II). Since en- lic servant, and rightly so. And, he’s ∑ actment of the Violence Against Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, I rise proud of his work in the world of cam- Women Act in 1994, the number of forc- today to pay tribute to a member of paigns and politics, doing his part on ible rapes of women have declined, and my staff, an advisor, and a man I feel that tough battleground. He was ever- the number of sexual assaults nation- honored to call my friend, Gordon conscious of the role of politics, which wide have gone down as well. South Kerr. we sometimes tend to forget, in the ac- Dakota organizations have received Gordon, who has served as my Chief countability which is at the heart of $6.7 million in federal funding for do- of Staff since 1982, has retired from the democratic system. mestic abuse programs and $1.6 million government service to join the Na- Characteristic of Gordon is his abil- in federal funding for battered women’s tional Trust for Historic Preservation ity to see things from a new, fresh, shelters. as the Director of Congressional Af- sometimes unique angle. In a time Despite the success of the Violence fairs. His 17 years as my top aide made when even the public policy debate is Against Women Act, domestic abuse him the dean of Senate Chiefs of Staff. increasingly driven by political polls, and violence against women continue Gordon has served me for these many television sound-bites, and oversim- to plague our communities. Consider years in a variety of ways. He has been plified sloganeering, it was particu- the fact that a woman is raped every an invaluable advisor on issues of pub- larly valuable to me to have his con- five minutes in this country and more lic policy and legislative strategy, as tributions. Even when I did not ulti- women are injured by domestic vio- well as on personal and political mat- mately adopt his viewpoint or accept lence each year than by automobile ac- ters. He has a clear-eyed, straight- his recommendation, having the ben- cidents and cancer deaths combined. forward, right-in-your-face way of eval- efit of Gordon’s input nearly always in- Local and state officials should have uating issues and events, and express- formed my decisions. access to more—not fewer—resources ing his opinion about them which While Gordon has been a dedicated to address domestic violence, and it is makes it nearly impossible to walk a public servant and loyal and hard- critical that programs authorized bad idea past him. At least not without working employee, his first priority through VAWA II receive stable levels his calling you on it. has always been his wonderful family. of funding for the next five years. And yet, the first thing that anyone His love of his wife Suzy, his son Char- Supporters of a constitutional who knows Gordon immediately says amendment for crime victims have lie and daughter Sarah were evident in is, ‘‘what a wonderful human being’’. his voice whenever he spoke of them withdrawn their proposal from consid- How does a plain-speaking, realist like eration on the Senate floor this year. I and in the special sparkle in his eyes Gordon, come to be so uniformly re- when he was with them. I know I speak am hopeful that my colleagues will garded with such warmth and affec- seize this opportunity to continue the not only for myself and the Levin fam- tion? It’s simple when you think about ily, but for the entire Levin staff and very valuable discussion on crime vic- it. Gordon is so open, principled, eth- tims’ rights and work to pass the many in the Senate family, when I say ical and kind-hearted in his approach we will miss Gordon and the Kerr fam- Crime Victims Assistance Act and to the people he comes in contact with VAWA II as soon as possible. ily. Fortunately, in his new role at the that it is nearly impossible to take of- National Trust for Historic Preserva- f fense at his candid advice. I’m re- tion he won’t be too far away. THE VERY BAD DEBT BOXSCORE minded of what I’ve read about Robert Mr. President, I owe Gordon Kerr a Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, at the Kennedy who also was known both for great debt for the loyal service which close of business yesterday, Wednes- his brusque, sometimes harsh candor, he has performed; and I believe that all day, May 10, 2000, the Federal debt but also for his high principles, and of us here in the Senate, in my home stood at $5,664,193,479,449.87 (Five tril- thoughtful consideration of others. state of Michigan, and in the nation, lion, six hundred sixty-four billion, one ‘‘My, he is unassimilated, isn’t he?’’ owe a debt of gratitude to him and the hundred ninety-three million, four poet Robert Lowell was reported to many like him who serve us here. This hundred seventy-nine thousand, four have said when he first met him. tribute to Gordon Kerr, in a small way, hundred forty-nine dollars and eighty- In all, Gordon spent more than 30 is an effort to recognize that role.∑ seven cents). years on Capitol Hill, beginning as a f One year ago, April 26, 1999, the Fed- Legislative Assistant for former-Con- eral debt stood at $5,571,920,000,000 gressman James Scheuer of New York TRIBUTE TO EDWARD KEHOE (Five trillion, five hundred seventy-one in 1970, joining former-Congresswoman ∑ Mr. JEFFORDS. Mr. President, billion, nine hundred twenty million). Barbara Jordan of Texas in 1973, and today I rise to pay tribute to an ex- Five years ago, May 10, 1995, the Fed- then working for former-Congressman traordinary Vermonter and a deter- eral debt stood at $4,856,767,000,000 Jonathan Bingham of New York from mined leader, Edward Kehoe. Ed Kehoe (Four trillion, eight hundred fifty-six 1973 until 1982, when he joined my staff was born in Rutland, my hometown, to billion, seven hundred sixty-seven mil- as Chief of Staff. Gordon is a graduate the late James and Grace Kehoe and lion). of Yale University with a B.A. degree graduated from Rutland High School

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00055 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S3912 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 11, 2000 before serving in the U.S. Army with Yuan-Tse and that of the many Amer- of our nation’s humane societies. These the 26th Infantry Regiment during ican scientists he inspired. We would noble goals continue on today through World War II. As a decorated war hero, not be able to search for information the American Humane Association. Ed Kehoe returned to Vermont to own on the internet by using Yahoo, co- Mr. President, I would like to recog- and operate Kehoe’s Diner in Hydeville. founded by Jerry Yang. Thousands of nize the many Humane Societies in my Ed Kehoe served as the town man- Taiwanese Americans throughout the home state of Minnesota. These organi- ager of Castleton from 1955 to 1965 be- country have made important achieve- zations are on the front lines of stand- fore being elected the Vermont House ments in a wide range of sectors, in- ing up for and protecting animals for a single term. In August 1965, Ed cluding doctors, teachers, lawyers, and across Minnesota. By visiting a local Kehoe was appointed to head the Fish computer technology experts. They animal shelter, I know many citizens and Game Department where he served have improved the lives of their fellow have bettered not only the lives of as the Vermont fish and wildlife com- American citizens, and they will play countless animals through adoption, missioner under four governors until an integral role in our future. but surely their own lives in the proc- he retired in August 1982. He was an Besides their many contributions ess. The staffs and volunteers of Min- avid sportsman and member of an here at home, Taiwanese Americans nesota Humane Societies continue to many Vermont sportsmen organiza- have also played a vital role in the po- make this possible for all citizens—and tions until his death in late April. At litical transformation of Taiwan. For their efforts to teach people the impor- the time of his appointment Ed Kehoe many years, they organized letter-writ- tance of spay-neuter programs have was initially troubled by his lack of a ing campaigns, planned marches and also been extremely helpful. ‘‘professional’’ background in biology demonstrations, and talked to any U.S. Animals certainly have a tremendous or wildlife management. However, his policy-maker who would listen about effect on our lives. Domesticated ani- experience as a hunter and angler gave their dreams for Taiwan’s future as mals are considered family members to him the needed edge. free and democratic. Many risked ar- many of us. Farm animals provide Led by his ability to draw on experi- rest in—or exile from—their homeland nourishment to families here at home ence and heed the advise of biologists, as a result of their activities. The tire- and around the world. And wild ani- Ed Kehoe led the Vermont crusade to less work of Taiwanese Americans mals provide a balance to our overall resist development pressures. During helped ensure the success of Taiwan’s ecosystem. his 17-year tenure as commissioner, Ed democratic evolution, beginning with I am sure Dr. Stillman would be ex- Kehoe established two Green Mountain the lifting of martial law in 1987 and tremely pleased to see his plan of hav- Conservation camps to help teach culminating with the first fully demo- ing an annual week to remember the younger Vermonters how to fish and cratic presidential election in 1996. important role of animals continuing camp, helped to improve the state war- These are achievements that all Ameri- on in its 85th year. I want to urge ev- den force, expanded the statewide Hun- cans can celebrate. I join Taiwanese eryone to use this week to take a ter Safety Program, and worked to re- Americans in congratulating the win- minute and reflect on what animals store Connecticut River salmon and ners of the March presidential elec- mean to our lives, and how we can con- wild turkeys throughout Vermont. Per- tions in Taiwan. tinue to give animals the protection haps Ed Kehoe’s greatest contribution Mr. President, Taiwanese American and care they deserve every day.∑ to the state was his ability to push, ac- Heritage Week recognizes the long- f quire, and protect lands with signifi- standing friendship between the people TRIBUTE TO RICHARD BUNKER cant wildlife and recreation value. of the United States and Taiwan, and Ed Kehoe’s most recent award speaks celebrates our shared values. I com- ∑ Mr. REID. Mr. President, I rise today to his accomplishments. Last year the mend the great accomplishments and to honor a distinguished Nevadan, a Rutland Herald honored his visionary contributions of the Taiwanese Amer- good man, and a good friend, Mr. Rich- concerns about nongame species and ican community.∑ ard Bunker. Richard will be receiving the National Jewish Medical and Re- protection of important property by f naming him, ‘‘Outdoorsman of the Cen- search Center’s Humanitarian Award tury.’’ John Hall, spokesman with Fish BE KIND TO ANIMALS WEEK on June 3, 2000. The Humanitarian and Wildlife Department, recently al- ∑ Mr. GRAMS. Mr. President, I rise Award recognizes individuals who have luded to Ed Kehoe’s achievement, ‘‘Ed today in recognition of ‘‘Be Kind to made significant civic and charitable wanted to make sure we were passing Animals Week.’’ This week is a time to contributions, and whose concern is on the hunting and fishing traditions draw attention to how important ani- not personal, but for the greater com- to future generations of Vermonter to mals are to our lives and to make sure munity. There is no one more deserv- enjoy. He always had the everyday they receive the treatment and protec- ing of this honor than Richard Bunker. Vermonter in mind, the average person tion they deserve. Richard’s legacy of service to the of average means. He was the supreme The American Humane Association state of Nevada is long and remark- steward of fish and wildlife resources.’’ was founded in 1877 with a goal to unite able. He has served as Assistant City I pay tribute today to a man who a few groups to give a national voice to Manager of Las Vegas and Clark Coun- paid tribute every day, to the values those who could not speak for them- ty Manager, before being appointed the everyday Vermonter holds dear. We selves: animals. The Association estab- Chairman of the prestigious State have lost an extraordinary man, but lished Be Kind to Animals Week in Gaming Control Board, and is now a his contributions to Vermont wildlife 1915, the first national week specifi- member of the Colorado River Commis- policy will live on.∑ cally for animals and now the oldest sion while being a member of the Board f week of its kind in existence in this of Trustees for the Hotel Employees country. and Restaurant Employees Inter- TAIWANESE AMERICAN WEEK This is the 85th year ‘‘Be Kind to national Union Welfare/Pension Funds. ∑ Mr. FEINGOLD. Mr. President, this Animals Week’’ will be celebrated. The I was Chairman of the Gaming Com- month I join Americans throughout leader of the American Humane Asso- mission when Richard was Chairman of Wisconsin and across the nation in ciation in 1915 was Dr. William O. the Gaming Control Board. We were celebrating Taiwanese American Herit- Stillman, who foresaw this week con- partners then and still are. age Week, honoring the many impor- tinuing on ‘‘as annual events to stimu- As Chairman of the Colorado River tant contributions to American society late and revive human thought.’’ Commission of Nevada, Richard is Ne- of the more than half a million Tai- The three main goals of the first Be vada’s ambassador on the Colorado wanese Americans in the United Kind to Animals Week were to encour- River. With shrewdness and finesse, he States. Without the contributions of age the clergy to spread the message has developed positive relations with Taiwanese Americans, we would lack about kindness to animals by observing officials of the Colorado River basin the important AIDS research of Dr. Humane Sunday, to visit schools and states. His political skill has firmly re- David Ho. We would be denied the work teach children the message of being hu- established Nevada as a player on the of Nobel Laureate chemist Dr. Lee mane, and to publicize the good works important issues of the Colorado River

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00056 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY May 11, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3913 community. He also made the criti- more evident than during NATO’s Gunderson, who is retiring this year cally needed expansion of Southern Ne- Kosovo campaign. Having been a key after 41 years as a music educator. vada water facilities a reality when he participant in diplomatic efforts seek- Don Gunderson began his teaching brokered a financial plan with the busi- ing a solution to Yugoslavia’s ethnic career at the halfway point of Presi- ness, developer, and gaming commu- turmoil and disintegration, General dent Dwight Eisenhower’s second term, nities. Clark changed hats without missing a working with his mentor in Wash- Over the years, Richard Bunker has beat and assumed command of the Alli- ington state, teaching instrumental also been recognized by a variety of ance strategy to complement diplo- music in the junior high, as well as distinguished organizations. In 1993, he macy with military power. General music to elementary schoolers. Three received the prestigious Distinguished Clark’s steadfast pursuit of military years later, in 1961, Mr. Gunderson Nevadan of the Year award from the victory coupled with the maintenance came to Anaheim, California to be the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. The of political cohesion in Alliance plan- band, orchestra and choir director at Anti-Defamation League honored Rich- ning cells at NATO Headquarters Crescent Junior High School, which ard with the Distinguished Community brought the Western coalition to one of was still in construction when he was Service Award in 1996. In June 1999, he its finest hours in its 50-year history. hired. Five years later, he began a very was presented with the Lifetime Equally important, General Clark distinguished eleven-year career as the Achievement Award by the Nevada recognized that military success could band and orchestra director at Savan- Gaming Attorneys and the Clark Coun- not produce peace, prosperity and sta- nah High School in Anaheim. In 1978, ty Bar Association. bility on the ground without an effec- Mr. Gunderson rose to the college For those of us who have had the tive civil implementation program ranks, serving as head of the jazz and pleasure to work closely with Richard, that allowed the peoples of the Balkans student teacher programs at California State University at Fullerton. as I have, the above awards pale in the tools to address their historical comparison to his true grit. He is Three years later, in 1981, Don grievances toward one another. He Gunderson decided to return to high knowledgeable of the system of govern- knew that the political unity he helped ment and totally aware of the magic of school instruction at Los Altos High to forge as a prerequisite to military School, in Hacienda Heights. At that our system of free enterprise. For the success must now be sustained and growth and development of southern time, Los Altos was one of the largest strengthened if the civilianization musical programs in Southern Cali- Nevada, no one for the past twenty-five process is to succeed. years has played a more key role than fornia, with a strong reputation in Secretary of Defense Cohen put it marching band competitions. For the Richard Bunker. well at the EUCOM Change of Com- On a more personal note, Richard has next nineteen years, Los Altos High mand ceremony last week in Europe. School would become more than just played an important part in my polit- He said: ical endeavors. He has been an advisor, the home of one of Southern Califor- In General Wes Clark, America found a nia’s largest marching bands—it would counselor, and sounding board. Above scholar, a soldier and a statesman: a scholar all else, he is a good listener, for this be the site of one of our nation’s inter- of unquestioned courage, a bronze and silver nationally recognized music education Richard, I am grateful. star hero who, despite grievous wounds, in- I extend to you my congratulations spired his unit to survive in the jungles of programs. The Los Altos Entertain- and the appreciation of all Nevadans Vietnam; a soldier of insight who returned to ment Unit has performed at the Fiesta for your good work on their behalf.∑ train those who prevailed in Desert Storm. Bowl pageant twice and marched in the f He is a statesman whose influence has been Tournament of Roses Parade four felt from the Americas where he helped to times. They’ve been here in Wash- A TRIBUTE TO GENERAL WESLEY guide the fight against drug barons to Day- ington, where they performed at the CLARK ton where his counsel helped end the blood- White House, and traveled for perform- ∑ Mr. LUGAR. Mr. President, last letting in Bosnia. ances in Florida and the Bahamas. week, in a EUCOM change of command Those sentiments are shared by those Don Gunderson began building the ceremony, General Wesley Clark relin- of us in the Senate who have benefitted music program’s international creden- quished his position as Supreme Allied from General Clark’s wise counsel over tials in 1982, when he led the Los Altos Commander Europe, concluding one of the years. He was never too busy for Entertainment Unit on a two week his generation’s most illustrious and one more briefing at NATO Head- tour of England and Scotland. Knowing eventful military careers. As he testi- quarters or in the field. When the rel- that very few, if any Americans, knew fies before the Senate Select Com- evant committees held their hearings, of Hacienda Heights, Mr. Gunderson mittee on Intelligence today, I want to General Clark was on the plane so that was prepared when inquiring Brits highlight the contributions of General he might address Congressional con- asked where in the world is Hacienda Clark to the national security of the cerns across the table, not across the Heights: ‘‘We’re not far from United States and to its friends and al- ocean. Disneyland’’ was his reply. It’s safe to lies in Europe and around the globe, Members of both branches of govern- say that after that 1982 trip, along with and thank him for his service to NATO ment are now in the process of assimi- a return visit ten years later as guests as Supreme Allied Commander Europe. lating the ‘‘lessons learned’’ from the of the British Military as part of the As NATO Secretary General Lord Kosovo campaign. General Clark has prestigious Royal Tournament, the Robertson put it: Wes Clark has been recently completed his own ‘‘after ac- people of Britain know how to find Ha- the right man, in the right place, at tion’’ report. But for the United States, cienda Heights on a map. The same can the right time. He has been instru- there is one incontrovertible lesson to be said for music-lovers that had the mental in bringing a degree of stability be learned: If the history of the last good fortune to see and hear Los Altos to Bosnia-Herzegovina, so that efforts year or so in the Balkans were to re- perform in Germany, Italy, Austria, at reconstruction and reconciliation peat itself, the United States and the and Switzerland. The Los Altos Enter- could proceed. General Clark welcomed Alliance would be well served by hav- tainment Unit has been the recipient of three new members to the Alliance and ing Wes Clark again at the helm of a countless awards and achievements. has worked tirelessly to integrate coalition of nations intent on defend- Los Altos was designated the Official them fully—militarily and politically— ing their common interests.∑ Youth Band of the 1984 Summer Olym- into the activities and decision-making f pics, and was crowned three times as processes of the Alliance. The General marching band champions at the has worked to turn the Partnerships RETIREMENT OF DON GUNDERSON Southern California Tournament of for Peace into stepping stones rather ∑ Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Mr. President, on Champions. And that’s just the march- than alternatives to Alliance member- May 21, students and former students, ing band, color guard and dance team. ship, and he has kept the door open to their parents, teachers and administra- Don Gunderson brought to Los Altos a new entrants, while setting forth high tors of Los Altos High School, will commitment to a total music program, military standards for full integration. come together in Southern California and strived to establish the same But nowhere have General Clark’s to show their appreciation, and express standard of excellence to the orchestral political and leadership qualities been their thanks and best wishes to Don and jazz programs.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00057 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S3914 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 11, 2000 Perhaps just as significant are the Hospitals and Clinics; the Naval School profound sense of loss. In Jo-Ann many signs of recognition and respect given of Health Sciences; the office of the of us have lost—and today I would like to this program in ways other than Chief of Naval Operations; and the to honor—a committed activist, a per- award ceremonies. Go to a Friday Headquarters for Navy Medicine. He is son of enormous courage and character night football game at Los Altos and also the recipient of the 2000 American and, most simply, a great friend. you’re sure to find a few young people Hospital Association award for Excel- I first met Jo-Ann Molnar when I was from other high schools in Southern lence in Federal Service. running for Lieutenant Governor of California in the stands not to see the Rear Admiral Fisher’s leadership as Massachusetts, and Jo-Ann approached football team, but to watch and hear the Executive Agent for the Depart- me at one of our earliest events and of- the Entertainment Unit. Those same ment of Defense Clinical Business Area fered to help in any way she could. It football games certainly sparked the led to the development of a computer- was on that race in the middle of a dif- imaginations of young elementary and ized patient record which will be tested ficult and heated campaign that Jo- junior high school students, who would and evaluated this summer for govern- Ann first demonstrated to me not just come home interested in learning ment-wide adoption. This accomplish- that she was an indefatigable volun- music and being a part of the Enter- ment has been highly praised by the teer, but that she was one of those in- tainment Unit. Come to the football National Library of Medicine Board of dividuals who—through her commit- field on a night when the Entertain- Regents and completes the planning ment to do what is right, through her ment Unit is rehearsing and you’re segment of the Composite Health Care belief in politics not as sport but as a fight for principle—could reaffirm pre- sure to find parents, students, teach- System II program. As Chairman of the cisely why politics matters and why ers, former students, and even students Board of Directors of the Government Computerized Patient Record, Rear Ad- public service is worthwhile. from other high schools in the stands. Jo-Ann and I remained close ever miral Fisher coordinated linkage be- Trace the career paths of those who since that first campaign, and I looked learned from Don Gunderson and yes, tween the Department of Veteran’s forward to and always appreciated Jo- you’ll find those who have gone on to Health Administration, the Depart- Ann’s warm cards and greetings. Al- rewarding careers in music and music ment of Defense, and the Indian Health ways a loyal friend, Jo-Ann would education. However, there are many Services. A prototype of the Computer- share with me her thoughts on issues of more alumni of the Los Altos Enter- ized Patient Record has been developed importance, keep me abreast of her ac- tainment Unit that pursued other ca- and will be alpha tested in Alaska in complishments, and offer me words of reers, but they carry with them lessons 2001. Under his leadership, the Com- encouragement as I worked to find my learned from Don Gunderson on foot- posite Health Care System II Program way in the United States Senate. ball fields, concert halls, or the band Office was selected for the Government It was through her frequent cards and room that go beyond musical notes on Technology Leadership Award and the letters—and the occasional happy a page—lessons in teamwork, prepara- Smithsonian Technology Award in rec- meeting either in Massachusetts or at tion, determination, and excellence. ognition of its visionary use of infor- political gatherings around the Mary- Mr. President, those who have mation technology. land area—that I learned of the many learned and applied these and countless As a principal member of the Mili- ways in which Jo-Ann continued to other lessons from Don Gunderson will tary Health System Information Man- dedicate herself to public service. Her have an opportunity to say thanks in a agement Proponent Committee, Rear determination to make a difference led few short weeks. Let me join them in Admiral Fisher worked closely with her to remarkable achievements. In expressing my admiration to a man the Deputy Surgeons General of the 1977, Jo-Ann graduated magna cum who has brought the joy of music to Air Force and Army, and the Executive laude from Fairleigh Dickinson Univer- thousands of students and parents, and Director of the Defense Medical Infor- sity, with a degree in history and polit- to countless more around the world mation Management System orches- ical science. She went on to earn a who have heard the stirring opening trating the development, master’s degree in political science fanfare, ‘‘Conquistadores.’’ Perhaps prioritization, and achievement of in- from American University. Jo-Ann more important, let me express my formation management goals for med- selflessly offered her leadership to her own thanks to Don Gunderson for the ical readiness and peacetime health fellow Democrats, serving admirably as honor and inspiration he has brought care programs for the Department of President of the Montgomery County, to the teaching profession for more Defense. His contributions are far- Maryland Young Democrats, as Vice than forty years. To borrow from the reaching and will positively impact Chair of the Handicapped Commission Los Altos motto, Don Gunderson has military health care for years to come. in Montgomery County, and on the engaged and conquered. Mr. President, Rear Admiral Fisher’s Board of Directors of the Montgomery I wish Don Gunderson, his wife Judy many meritorious awards and decora- County public libraries. In addition to and his family, all the very best.∑ tions demonstrate his contributions in her help with my campaigns, Jo-Ann f a tangible way, but it is the legacy he served as a legislative intern to U.S. leaves behind for the Navy Medical Senator Donald Reigle, U.S. Represent- REAR ADMIRAL STEPHEN TODD Service Corps, the United States Navy, ative Gene Andrew Maguire, and Mont- FISHER and the Department of Defense for gomery County Council member Mi- ∑ Mr. INOUYE. Mr. President, I would which we are most appreciative. It is chael L. Gudis. She also worked as a like to take a moment to honor Rear with pride that I congratulate Rear Ad- Congressional Liaison Assistant for the Admiral (Upper Half) Stephen Todd miral Fisher on his outstanding career U.S. Department of Health and Human Fisher as he retires from the United of exemplary service.∑ Services. For almost a decade, Jo-Ann States Navy after more than thirty- f served as a legal researcher for the four years of active duty service. For Human Relations Commission. She IN MEMORY OF JO-ANN MOLNAR the last five years, Rear Admiral Fish- gave of herself as a Sunday School er has been the Deputy Surgeon Gen- ∑ Mr. KERRY. Mr. President, I would teacher and a confirmation teacher at eral of the Navy-the first non-physi- like to share just a few words about a the Foundary United Methodist Church cian officer to serve in that position. good friend we recently lost, someone I in Washington, D.C, as well as an in- In addition, Rear Admiral Fisher was have known since I first ran for Lieu- structor at Colesville United Methodist the first Medical Service Corps officer tenant Governor in Massachusetts in Church in Silver Spring, Maryland. to be selected by a board to the rank of 1982, a good hearted and selfless indi- Mr. President, Jo-Ann lived a life two-star Admiral within the Depart- vidual who was always an inspiration, true to her ideals of service—service to ment of Defense. He served as the Di- Jo-Ann Molnar. Jo-Ann recently passed community, service to faith. I would rector of the Medical Service Corps away after bravely battling cancer, and add, though, that none of these from 1993—1995. RADM Fisher’s assign- I know that I am not alone in saying achievements would have been possible ments included tours on the U.S.S that as someone whose life was touched if Jo-Ann had not worked so hard to Repose (AH 16); Headquarters, Fleet by Jo-Ann Molnar’s service, activism, overcome cerebral palsy. Jo-Ann re- Marine Force, Pacific; various Navy and warmth, there is today a deep and fused to be slowed by her disability—

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00058 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY May 11, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3915 and in fact rejected the notion that she H.R. 3709. An act to make permanent the struction, family housing, and base realign- should in any way lower her expecta- moratorium enacted by the Internet Tax ment and closure for the Department of De- tions for herself or expect different ex- Freedom Act as it applies to new, multiple, fense for the fiscal year ending September 30, pectations from those to whom she so and discriminatory taxes on the Internet. 2001, and for other purpose (Rept No. 106–290). By Mr. MCCONNELL, from the Committee selflessly offered her best efforts. Jo- ENROLLED BILL SIGNED At 2:24 p.m., a message from the on Appropriations: Ann was a fighter, and I continually Report to accompany the bill (S. 2522) marveled at her drive to rise above House of Representatives delivered by making appropriations for foreign oper- what some would view as limitations. Ms. Niland, one of its reading clerks, ations, export financing, and related pro- For that reason, Jo-Ann served as announced that the Speaker has signed grams for the fiscal year ending September one of the best possible advocates and the following enrolled bill: 30, 2001, and for other purpose (Rept. No. 106– activists for the Americans with Dis- H.R. 2412. An act to designate the Federal 291). abilities Act. Honored as a teenager for building and United States courthouse lo- f cated at 1300 South Harrison Street in Fort her activism on the Education for All EXECUTIVE REPORT OF Handicapped Children Act, Jo-Ann Wayne, Indiana, as the ‘‘E. Ross Adair Fed- eral Building and United States Court- COMMITTEE kept pushing as an adult to break down house.’’ barriers in our society that she be- The following executive reports of The enrolled bill was signed subse- lieved kept disabled Americans from committee were submitted: quently by the President pro tempore maximizing their contributions to Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, for the Com- (Mr. THURMOND). their communities and our nation. Jo- mittee on the Judiciary. Donald W. Horton, of Maryland, to be Ann was not just an advocate for legis- At 5:18 p.m., a message from the lation to protect and empower disabled United States Marshal for the District of Co- House of Representatives, delivered by lumbia for the term of four years. Americans—she was the living embodi- Ms. Niland, one of its reading clerks, E. Douglas Hamilton, of Kentucky, to be ment of those efforts. announced that the House has passed United States Marshal for the Western Dis- Mr. President, it is difficult to accept the following bill, in which it requests trict of Kentucky for the term of four years. that we have all lost a friend in Jo-Ann the concurrence of the Senate: Phyllis J. Hamilton, of California, to be Molnar, but it is particularly difficult, United States Attorney for the Eastern Dis- H.R. 701. An act to provide Outer Conti- I know, for Jo-Ann’s family—her moth- trict of Missouri for the term of four years. nental Shelf Impact Assistance to State and Donnie R. Marshall, of Texas, to be Admin- er, Helen, and her two sisters, Dorothy local governments, to amend the Land and and Ilona. They are in our thoughts istrator of Drug Enforcement. Water Conservation Fund Act of 1965, the Nicholas G. Garaufis, of New York, to be and prayers. Urban Park and Recreation Recovery Act of United States District Judge for the Eastern I was comforted, though, to learn 1978, and the Federal Aid in Wildlife Restora- District of New York. that Jo-Ann was able to enjoy life as tion Act (commonly referred to as the Pitt- Gerard E. Lynch, of New York, to be a she had always done, up until her last man-Robertson Act) to establish a fund to United States District Judge for the South- days. Jo-Ann’s mother, Helen, let me meet the outdoor conservation and recre- ern District of New York. ation needs of the American people, and for Steven S. Reed, of Kentucky, to be United know that she had a wonderful Christ- other purposes. mas with her family and was able to States Attorney for the Western District of attend a New Millenium New Year’s f Kentucky for the term of four years. Roger L. Hunt, of Nevada, to be United Eve celebration, complete with the 60’s MEASURE REFERRED States District Judge for the District of Ne- rock music she loved. Just as she did The following bill was read the first vada. throughout her life, even in her most and second times by unanimous con- Kent J. Dawson, of Nevada, to be United difficult days, Jo-Ann kept on doing States District Judge for the District of Ne- sent and referred as indicated: the things that she loved—and she vada. moved forward in so many remarkable H.R. 701. An act to provide Outer Conti- Jose Antonio Perez, of California, to be efforts driven by a real sense of social nental Shelf Impact Assistance to State and United States Marshal for the Central Dis- local governments, to amend the Land and conscience. trict of California for the term of four years. Water Conservation Fund Act of 1965, the (The above nominations were re- Mr. President, today I remember Jo- Urban Park and Recreation Recovery Act of Ann for her service, her friendship, and 1978, and the Federal Aid in Wildlife Restora- ported with the recommendation that her kindness. All of us who knew her tion Act (commonly referred to as the Pitt- they be confirmed.) continue to draw strength from her man-Robertson Act) to establish a fund to f courage and her faith, and Jo-Ann’s life meet the outdoor conservation and recre- EXECUTIVE AND OTHER continues to inspire.∑ ation needs of the American people, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Energy COMMUNICATIONS f and Natural Resources. The following communications were MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT f laid before the Senate, together with Messages from the President of the MEASURE PLACED ON THE accompanying papers, reports, and doc- United States were communicated to CALENDAR uments, which were referred as indicated: the Senate by Ms. Evans, one of his The following bill was read the sec- secretaries. EC–8926. A communication from the Audi- ond time, and placed on the calendar: tor of the District of Columbia, transmit- EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED H.R. 4386. An act to amend title XIX of the ting, pursuant to law, a report entitled As in executive session the Presiding Social Security Act to provide medical as- ‘‘Suggested Changes to the Office of the Dis- Officer laid before the Senate messages sistance for certain women screened and trict of Columbia Auditor’s Statutory Audit from the President of the United found to have breast or cervical cancer under Requirements’’; to the Committee on Gov- States submitting sundry nominations a federally funded screening program, to ernmental Affairs. which were referred to the appropriate amend the Public Health Service Act and the EC–8927. A communication from the Office committees. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act with of Regulatory Analysis and Development, (The nominations received today are respect to surveillance and information con- Policy and Program Development, Animal cerning the relationship between cervical and Health Inspection Service, Department printed at the end of the Senate pro- cancer and the human papillomavirus (HPV), of Agriculture, transmitting, pursuant to ceedings.) and for other purposes. law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Imported f f Fire Ant; Quarantined Areas’’ (Docket # 00– 007–1), received May 9, 2000; to the Com- MESSAGES FROM THE HOUSE REPORTS OF COMMITTEES mittee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and For- estry. At 10:04 a.m., a message from the The following reports of committees House of Representatives, delivered by EC–8928. A communication from the Office were submitted: of Regulatory Analysis and Development, Ms. Niland, one of its reading clerks, By Mr. BURNS, from the Committee on Policy and Program Development, Animal announced that the House has passed Appropriations: and Health Inspection Service, Department the following bill in which it requests Report to accompany the bill (S. 2521) of Agriculture, transmitting, pursuant to the concurrence of the Senate: making appropriations for military con- law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Imported

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00059 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S3916 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 11, 2000 Fire Ant; Quarantined Areas and Treatment technology and information protection tech- whose seat in this body I am honored Dosage’’ (Docket # 99–078–2), received May 9, nology; to the Committee on Health, Edu- to hold today, authored the legislation 2000; to the Committee on Agriculture, Nu- cation, Labor, and Pensions. creating FEMA more than 25 years a trition, and Forestry. By Mr. BOND (for himself, Mr. DURBIN, go. Thanks to his foresight and leader- EC–8929. A communication from the Office Mr. GRASSLEY, Mr. ASHCROFT, and of Management and Budget, Executive Office Mr. FITZGERALD): ship in this area, the federal govern- of the President, transmitting, pursuant to S. 2546. A bill to amend the Clean Air Act ment has helped thousands of ordinary law, a report of Pay-As-You-Go Calculations, to prohibit the use of methyl tertiary butyl citizens recover from disasters and Report Number 505, dated May 2, 2000; to the ether, to provide flexibility within the oxy- other incidents beyond their control. Committee on the Budget. genate requirement of the reformulated gas- Today we have a chance to build on EC–8930. A communication from the Office oline program of the Environmental protec- the legacy of Senator Stafford by add- of Regulatory Management and Information, tion Agency, to promote the use of renewing airline and rail accidents to the list Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation, able ethanol, and for other purposes; to the of ‘‘major disasters’’ defined in the act Environmental Protection Agency, transmit- Committee on Environment and Public ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- Works. that governs the Federal Emergency titled ‘‘Acquisition Regulation: To Amend By Mr. ALLARD (for himself and Mr. Management Agency. the EPA Acquisition Regulation Clause CAMPBELL): While extremely rare occurrences, 1552.216–70, Award Fee’’ (FRL # 6606–6), re- S. 2547. A bill to provide for the establish- major airline and rail disasters place ceived May 9, 2000; to the Committee on En- ment of the Great Sand Dunes National Park an incredible burden on the states and vironment and Public Works. and the Great Sand Dunes national Preserve municipalities in which they occur. EC–8931. A communication from the Office in the State of Colorado, and for other pur- Due in part to the extraordinary level of Regulatory Management and Information, poses; to the Committee on Energy and Nat- of national attention these accidents Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation, ural Resources. receive, states and municipalities face Environmental Protection Agency, transmit- By Mr. ASHCROFT: ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- S. 2548. A bill to provide that extension of millions of dollars in unexpected and titled ‘‘Approval and Promulgation of Imple- nondiscriminatory trade treatment to the unbudgeted expenditures that often mentation Plans; California State Imple- People’s Republic of China be contingent on cripple local finances. Fees associated mentation Plan Revision, Antelope Valley the United States and People’s Republic of with initial response, security, and Air Pollution Control District’’ (FRL # 6606– China entering into a bilateral agreement re- other health and safety measures often 3), received May 9, 2000; to the Committee on lating to enforcement; to the Committee on cost several million dollars. Environment and Public Works. Finance. This legislation standardizes proce- EC–8932. A communication from the Office f dure for federal reimbursement of af- of Regulatory Management and Information, fected communities. While the federal Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation, SUBMISSION OF CONCURRENT AND government has regularly reimbursed Environmental Protection Agency, transmit- SENATE RESOLUTIONS ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- states and municipalities during the titled ‘‘Approval and Promulgation of Imple- The following concurrent resolutions 1990s for their role in these most na- mentation Plans; Revision to the California and Senate resolutions were read, and tional of disasters, the process is an ad State Implementation Plan, Monterey Bay referred (or acted upon), as indicated: hoc one. This body has considered and Unified Air Pollution Control District’’ (FRL By Mr. LAUTENBERG: approved at least three special line # 6602–7), received May 9, 2000; to the Com- S. Res. 305. A resolution commending par- item appropriations for areas affected mittee on Environment and Public Works. ticipant in the Million Mom March; to the by the recent ValueJet, TWA, and EC–8933. A communication from the Assist- Committee on the Judiciary. COMAIR accidents. A bill to reimburse ant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and By Mr. HELMS: Parks, National Park Service, Department of Rhode Island for its costs associated S. Res. 306. A resolution expressing the with last fall’s Egypt Air disaster is the Interior, transmitting, pursuant to law, sense of the Senate with respect to Mother’s the report of a rule entitled ‘‘36 CFR Part 51 Day that the United States Senate should re- currently working its way through the Concession Contracts, Final Rule’’, received ject the United Nations Convention on the Congress as part of the appropriation May 4, 2000; to the Committee on Energy and Elimination of Discrimination Against for the National Transportation Safety Natural Resources. Women (CEDAW) as it demeans motherhood Board. f and undermines the traditional family; to This process causes needless head- the Committee on Foreign Relations. ache and anxiety for local commu- INTRODUCTION OF BILLS AND By Mr. HELMS: JOINT RESOLUTIONS nities, as well as unnecessary chores S. Res. 307. A resolution expressing the for the NTSB and Congress. It forces The following bills and joint resolu- sense of the Senate with respect to Mother’s Day that the United States Senate should restates and municipalities to wait as re- tions were introduced, read the first imbursement requests find their way and second times by unanimous con- ject the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against through the complicated appropria- sent, and referred as indicated: Women (CEDAW) as it demeans motherhood tions process while creating more work By Mr. BURNS (for himself, Mr. and undermines the traditional family. for our overburdened appropriators. WYDEN, Mr. LIEBERMAN, Ms. LAN- By Mr. GRASSLEY: The numbers speak for themselves. DRIEU, and Mr. TORRICELLI): S. Con. Res. 112. A concurrent resolution to States and local communities spend S. 2542. A bill to protect individuals, fami- make technical corrections in the enroll- millions of dollars to respond to these lies, and ISPs from unsolicited and unwanted ment of the bill H.R. 434. e-mail; to the Committee on Commerce, accidents. While they are ultimately Science, and Transportation. f reimbursed by the federal government, By Mr. JEFFORDS (for himself and STATEMENTS ON INTRODUCED the uncertainty and slow pace of the Mr. SCHUMER): BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS process often places affected commu- S. 2543. To amend the Robert T. Stafford nities in a financial bind. Money that Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance By Mr. JEFFORDS (for himself could be spent on education, health Act to include airplane and rail accidents and Mr. SCHUMER): care, or public safety is lost in an un- within the meaning of the term ‘‘major dis- S. 2543. A bill to amend the Robert R. necessary limbo. aster’’; to the Committee on Environment Stafford Disaster Relief and Emer- Under this bill, airline and rail acci- and Public Works. gency Assistance Act to include air- By Mr. ROCKEFELLER (for himself, dents will be treated like any other dis- Mrs. MURRAY, and Mr. DASCHLE): plane and rail accidents within the aster under the Stafford Act. Like an S. 2544. A bill to amend title 38, United meaning of the term ‘‘major disaster’’; earthquake, blizzard or any other dis- States Code, to provide compensation and to the Committee on Environment and aster, FEMA, upon the request of a benefits to children of female Vietnam vet- Public Works. governor, will examine the scene of erans who were born with certain birth de- AMENDMENT TO STAFFORD ACT TO COVER such an accident and advise the Presi- fects, and for other purposes; to the Com- AIRLINE AND RAIL ACCIDENTS dent on whether federal reimbursement mittee on Veterans’ Affairs. Mr. JEFFORDS. Mr. President, today By Mr. ROBERTS (for himself and Mr. is appropriate. KERREY): I am introducing legislation to amend Mr. President, this bill simply stand- S. 2545. A bill to provide for the enhance- the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief ardizes procedure for a commitment al- ment of study, research, and other activities and Emergency Assistance Act. Sen- ready made by the federal government. in the United States relating to information ator Stafford, my Vermont colleague It requires to new costs or expenses

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00060 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY May 11, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3917 and actually saves money by stream- ‘‘(3) The term ‘female Vietnam veteran’ ‘‘(A) In the case of a child suffering from lining a bureaucratic and complicated means any female individual who performed the lowest level of disability prescribed in process. The International Association active military, naval, or air service in the the schedule for rating disabilities under this of Emergency Managers and the NTSB Republic of Vietnam during the Vietnam era subsection, $100. supports this legislation. (as so specified), without regard to the char- ‘‘(B) In the case of a child suffering from acterization of the individual’s service. the lower intermediate level of disability I urge my colleagues to join these ‘‘§ 1812. Birth defects covered prescribed in the schedule for rating disabil- groups in supporting this bill that will ities under this subsection, the greater of— bring standardization to an ad hoc ‘‘(a) IDENTIFICATION.—Subject to subsection (b), the Secretary shall identify the ‘‘(i) $214; or process that has the potential to cause birth defects of children of female Vietnam ‘‘(ii) the monthly amount payable under so much harm to our states and com- veterans that— section 1805(b)(3) of this title for the lowest munities. ‘‘(1) are associated with the service of fe- level of disability prescribed for purposes of male Vietnam veterans in the Republic of that section. By Mr. ROCKEFELLER (for him- Vietnam during the Vietnam era (as speci- ‘‘(C) In the case of a child suffering from self, Mrs. MURRAY, and Mr. fied in section 101(29)(A) of this title); and the higher intermediate level of disability DASCHLE): ‘‘(2) result in the permanent physical or prescribed in the schedule for rating disabil- S. 2544. A bill to amend title 38, mental disability of such children. ities under this subsection, the greater of— United States Code, to provide com- ‘‘(b) LIMITATIONS.—(1) The birth defects ‘‘(i) $743; or pensation and benefits to children of identified under subsection (a) may not in- ‘‘(ii) the monthly amount payable under section 1805(b)(3) of this title for the inter- female Vietnam veterans who were clude birth defects resulting from the following: mediate level of disability prescribed for pur- born with certain birth defects, and for ‘‘(A) A familial disorder. poses of that section. other purposes; to the Committee on ‘‘(B) A birth-related injury. ‘‘(D) In the case of a child suffering from Veterans’ Affairs. ‘‘(C) A fetal or neonatal infirmity with the highest level of disability prescribed in CHILDREN OF WOMEN VIETNAM VETERANS’ well-established causes. the schedule for rating disabilities under this BENEFITS ACT OF 2000 ‘‘(2) The birth defects identified under sub- subsection, the greater of— ∑ Mr. ROCKEFELLER. Mr. President, section (a) may not include spina bifida. ‘‘(i) $1,272; or on behalf of myself and Senator MUR- ‘‘(c) LIST.—The Secretary shall prescribe in ‘‘(ii) the monthly amount payable under regulations a list of the birth defects identi- section 1805(b)(3) of this title for the highest RAY, I wish to introduce a bill, the fied under subsection (a). Children of Women Vietnam Veterans’ level of disability prescribed for purposes of ‘‘§ 1813. Benefits and assistance that section. Benefits Act of 2000, which would ‘‘(a) HEALTH CARE.—(1) The Secretary shall ‘‘(5) Amounts under subparagraphs (A), amend title 38, United States Code, to provide a child of a female Vietnam veteran (B)(i), (C)(i), and (D)(i) of paragraph (4) shall provide compensation and benefits to who was born with a covered birth defect be subject to adjustment from time to time children born with certain birth defects such health care as the Secretary determines under section 5312 of this title. to women Vietnam veterans. is needed by the child for such birth defect or ‘‘(6) Subsections (c) and (d) of section 1805 This bill is essentially similar, ex- any disability that is associated with such of this title shall apply with respect to any cept for minor technical corrections, to birth defect. monthly allowance paid under this sub- S. 2494, the Children of Female Viet- ‘‘(2) The Secretary may provide health care section. nam Veterans’ Benefits Act of 2000, under this subsection directly or by contract ‘‘(d) GENERAL LIMITATIONS ON AVAILABILITY or other arrangement with a health care pro- OF BENEFITS AND ASSISTANCE.—(1) No indi- which I introduced on May 2, 2000. Mrs. vider. vidual receiving benefits or assistance under MURRAY had asked to be an original co- ‘‘(3) For purposes of this subsection, the this section may receive any benefits or as- sponsor of that bill, but through an in- definitions in section 1803(c) of this title sistance under subchapter I of this chapter. advertent clerical error, she was not shall apply with respect to the provision of ‘‘(2) In any case where affirmative evidence listed as an original cosponsor on the health care under this subsection, except establishes that the covered birth defect of a bill when it was printed. I wish to note, that for such purposes— child results from a cause other than the ac- for the record, that it was her intent to ‘‘(A) the reference to ‘specialized spina tive military, naval, or air service in the Re- be an original cosponsor of S. 2494. bifida clinic’ in paragraph (2) of such section public of Vietnam of the female Vietnam Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- 1803(c) shall be treated as a reference to a veteran who is the mother of the child, no specialized clinic treating the birth defect sent that the full text of the bill be benefits or assistance may be provided the concerned under this subsection; and child under this section. printed in the RECORD. ‘‘(B) the reference to ‘vocational training ‘‘(e) REGULATIONS.—The Secretary shall There being no objection, the bill was under section 1804 of this title’ in paragraph prescribe regulations for purposes of the ad- ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as (8) of such section 1803(c) shall be treated as ministration of the provisions of this sec- follows: a reference to vocational training under sub- tion.’’. S. 2544 section (b). (b) ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS.—That Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- ‘‘(b) VOCATIONAL TRAINING.—(1) The Sec- chapter is further amended by inserting after resentatives of the United States of America in retary may provide a program of vocational subchapter II, as added by subsection (a) of Congress assembled, training to a child of a female Vietnam vet- this section, the following new subchapter: eran who was born with a covered birth de- SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. ‘‘SUBCHAPTER III—ADMINISTRATIVE fect if the Secretary determines that the This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Children of MATTERS achievement of a vocational goal by the Women Vietnam Veterans’ Benefits Act of ‘‘§ 1821. Applicability of certain administra- 2000’’. child is reasonably feasible. ‘‘(2) Subsections (b) through (e) of section tive provisions SEC. 2. BENEFITS FOR THE CHILDREN OF FE- 1804 of this title shall apply with respect to MALE VIETNAM VETERANS WHO ‘‘The provisions of sections 5101(c), 5110(a), SUFFER FROM CERTAIN BIRTH DE- any program of vocational training provided (b)(2), (g), and (i), 5111, and 5112(a), (b)(1), FECTS. under paragraph (1). (b)(6), (b)(9), and (b)(10) of this title shall (a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 18 of title 38, ‘‘(c) MONETARY ALLOWANCE.—(1) The Sec- apply with respect to benefits and assistance United States Code, is amended by adding at retary shall pay a monthly allowance to any under this chapter in the same manner as the end the following new subchapter: child of a female Vietnam veteran who was such provisions apply to veterans’ disability ‘‘SUBCHAPTER II—CHILDREN OF FE- born with a covered birth defect for any dis- compensation. MALE VIETNAM VETERANS BORN WITH ability resulting from such birth defect. ‘‘(2) The amount of the monthly allowance ‘‘§ 1822. Treatment of receipt of monetary al- CERTAIN BIRTH DEFECTS paid under this subsection shall be based on lowance on other benefits ‘‘§ 1811. Definitions the degree of disability suffered by the child ‘‘(a) Notwithstanding any other provision ‘‘In this subchapter: concerned, as determined in accordance with of law, receipt by an individual of a mone- ‘‘(1) The term ‘child’, with respect to a fe- a schedule for rating disabilities resulting tary allowance under this chapter shall not male Vietnam veteran, means a natural from covered birth defects that is prescribed impair, infringe, or otherwise affect the child of the female Vietnam veteran, regard- by the Secretary. right of the individual to receive any other less of age or marital status, who was con- ‘‘(3) In prescribing a schedule for rating benefit to which the individual is otherwise ceived after the date on which the female disabilities under paragraph (2), the Sec- entitled under any law administered by the Vietnam veteran first entered the Republic retary shall establish four levels of disability Secretary. of Vietnam during the Vietnam era (as speci- upon which the amount of the monthly al- ‘‘(b) Notwithstanding any other provision fied in section 101(29)(A) of this title). lowance under this subsection shall be based. of law, receipt by an individual of a mone- ‘‘(2) The term ‘covered birth defect’ means ‘‘(4) The amount of the monthly allowance tary allowance under this chapter shall not each birth defect identified by the Secretary paid under this subsection shall be as fol- impair, infringe, or otherwise affect the under section 1812 of this title. lows: right of any other individual to receive any

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00061 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S3918 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 11, 2000 benefit to which such other individual is en- S. 2545. A bill to provide for the en- nately, even this increase is not titled under any law administered by the hancement to study, research, and enough. A tight labor market, increas- Secretary based on the relationship of such other activities in the United States ing globalization and burgeoning eco- other individual to the individual who re- relating to information technology and nomic growth continue to increase U.S. ceives such monetary allowance. ‘‘(c) Notwithstanding any other provision information protection technology; to demands for highly skilled workers. of law, a monetary allowance paid an indi- the Committee on Health, Education, The 1999 cap on H–1B visas was reached vidual under this chapter shall not be consid- Labor, and Pensions. in June of last year and it is projected ered as income or resources in determining BARRY GOLDWATER SCHOLARSHIP AND we will reach the cap even earlier this eligibility for or the amount of benefits EXCELLENCE IN EDUCATION ENHANCEMENT ACT year. Later this month, we expect the under any Federal or Federally-assisted pro- ∑ Mr. ROBERTS. Mr. President, I rise Senate to consider another increase of gram.’’. today to introduce legislation to in- H1–B visas to raise the cap to 195,000 a (c) REPEAL OF SUPERSEDED MATTER.—Sec- crease the Barry M. Goldwater Schol- tion 1806 of title 38, United States Code, is year for FY 2000, 2001 and 2002. repealed. arship and Excellence in Education As a member of the Senate Armed (d) REDESIGNATION OF EXISTING MATTER.— Foundation from the current $61 mil- Services Committee and the Senate Se- Chapter 18 of that title is further amended lion to $81 million. I am pleased to lect Committee on Intelligence, I firm- by inserting before section 1801 the fol- have the support and able assistance of ly believe that we have the responsi- lowing: the Senior Senator from Nebraska, bility to adequately train our own ‘‘SUBCHAPTER I—CHILDREN OF VIET- Senator J. ROBERT KERREY in joining labor force to meet the business and in- NAM VETERANS BORN WITH SPINA me to introduce this bill. This increase dustry demands of today and tomor- BIFIDA’’. allows the Foundation to add another row. We simply cannot rely on workers (e) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—(1) Sections 100 young people to the 300 that they from other countries to do our sen- 1801 and 1802 of that title are each amended now support. This substantial increase by striking ‘‘this chapter’’ and inserting sitive technology work. As we saw in ‘‘this subchapter’’. will augment the influence the Founda- the Y2K reprogram with our great de- (2) Section 1805(a) of such title is amended tion already has on American higher pendence on foreign security workers, by striking ‘‘this chapter’’ and inserting education. we are sorely in need of a domestic ‘‘this section’’. Goldwater scholarships are awarded technology workforce. (e) CLERICAL AMENDMENTS.—(1)(A) The to college juniors and seniors in math Mr. President, I strongly encourage chapter heading of chapter 18 of that title is and science. The increased funding in amended to read as follows: my colleagues to join me in support of this legislation is set aside for informa- this effort to expand the Barry M. ‘‘CHAPTER 18—BENEFITS FOR CHILDREN tion technology students. Channeling OF VIETNAM VETERANS’’. Goldwater Scholarship and Excellence these funds through the existing Gold- in Education Foundation and renew (B) The tables of chapters at beginning of water framework will maximize the that title, and at the beginning of part II of our commitment to educating young that title, are each amended by striking the amount of money directly available to people in the fields of math and item relating to chapter 18 and inserting the students. These students are selected science. I ask unanimous consent that following new item: on the basis of academic merit from a the text of the bill be printed in the ‘‘18. Benefits for Children of Vietnam field of approximately 1,200 mathe- RECORD. Veterans ...... 1801’’. matics, science and engineering stu- There being no objection, the bill was (2) The table of sections at the beginning of dents nominated by the faculties of ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as chapter 18 of that title is amended— colleges and universities from the fifty follows: (A) by inserting after the chapter heading states and Puerto Rico. Since 1988, 2,711 S. 2545 the following: scholarships have been awarded, pro- Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- ‘‘SUBCHAPTER I—CHILDREN OF VIET- viding about $28 million to outstanding resentatives of the United States of America in NAM VETERANS BORN WITH SPINA scholars from colleges and universities Congress assembled, BIFIDA’’; throughout the United States. SECTION 1. SCHOLARSHIPS AND FELLOWSHIPS (B) by striking the item relating to section Goldwater Scholars are top notch. As UNDER BARRY GOLDWATER SCHOL- 1806; and evidence, I cite the large number of ARSHIP AND EXCELLENCE IN EDU- (C) by adding at the end the following: Goldwater Scholars who have been CATION PROGRAM FOR STUDY RE- LATING TO INFORMATION TECH- ‘‘SUBCHAPTER II—CHILDREN OF FE- awarded prestigious graduate scholar- MALE VIETNAM VETERANS BORN WITH NOLOGY AND INFORMATION PRO- CERTAIN BIRTH DEFECTS ships. Goldwater Scholars have won a TECTION TECHNOLOGY. total of 25 Rhodes Scholarships over (a) AVAILABILITY.—Section 1405(a) of the ‘‘1811. Definitions. Barry Goldwater Scholarship and Excellence ‘‘1812. Birth defects covered. the years. Last year alone, almost 20 ‘‘1813. Benefits and assistance. percent of the awards—six out of 32— in Education Act (title XIV of Public Law were Goldwater Scholars. Goldwater 99–661; 20 U.S.C. 4704(a)) is amended— ‘‘SUBCHAPTER III—ADMINISTRATIVE (1) in the first sentence of paragraph (1), by MATTERS Scholars also populate the ranks of striking ‘‘science and mathematics’’ and in- ‘‘1821. Applicability of certain administra- other distinguished fellowships. In the serting ‘‘science, mathematics, and informa- tive provisions. last eleven years, the scholars have tion technology and information protection ‘‘1822. Treatment of receipt of monetary al- won 19 Marshall, six Churchill, nine technology’’; and lowance on other benefits.’’. Fulbright, 23 Hughes, and 65 National (2) in paragraphs (2) and (3), by striking (f) APPLICABILITY.—(1) Except as provided Science Foundation fellowships. ‘‘mathematics and the natural sciences’’ and in paragraph (2), the amendments made by inserting ‘‘mathematics, the natural this section shall take effect on the first day These are the students we need in our economy. For the U.S. to continue to sciences, and information technology and in- of the first month beginning more than one formation protection technology’’. year after the date of the enactment of this be competitive and support our grow- (b) FUNDING.—(1) There is authorized to be Act. ing economy, we must encourage our appropriated for fiscal year 2001, $20,000,000 (2) The Secretary of Veterans Affairs shall young men and women to enter the for deposit in the Barry Goldwater Scholar- identify birth defects under section 1822 of high technology industry. America’s ship and Excellence in Education Fund es- title 38, United States Code (as added by sub- explosive demand for highly skilled tablished by section 1408(a) of the Barry section (a) of this section), and shall pre- Goldwater Scholarship and Excellence in scribe the regulations required by sub- workers is creating a new labor short- Education Act (20 U.S.C. 4707(a)). chapter II of that title (as so added), not age. Under current conditions, we do not have enough U.S. workers trained (2) Amounts deposited under paragraph (1) later than the effective date specified in in the Fund referred to in that paragraph paragraph (1). in high technology fields. This forces shall be available for purposes of providing (3) No benefit or assistance may be pro- our local businesses to resort to immi- scholarships and fellowships under section vided under subchapter II of chapter 18 of gration to make up for this shortfall. 1405(a) of that Act, as amended by subsection title 38, United States Code (as so added), for Highly skilled immigrants enter the (a) of this section, for persons pursuing study any period before the effective date specified in the field of information technology and in paragraph (1) by reason of the amend- country under the H1–B visa waiver information protection technology.∑ ments made by this section.∑ program. To help meet the growing demand, Congress raised the cap on H1–B Mr. KERREY. Mr. President, in to- By Mr. ROBERTS (for himself visas from 65,000 to 115,000 in FY 1999 day’s information age, the threat of and Mr. KERREY): and 2000, and 107,500 in 2001. Unfortu- electronic attack is more likely than a

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00062 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY May 11, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3919 nuclear attack. Words such as ‘‘cyber- onds, virtually undetected. And we ment; 2. Maintains the oxygenate terrorism’’ and ‘‘hackers’’ have crept were worried about Y2K. standard; 3. Probably has the strongest into everyday talk, no longer confined If this scenario frightens you, good. environmental anti-backsliding provi- to the world of computer nerds and These threats are very real, and with sions of any bill; 4. A temporary waiver geeks. Despite being one of the most our growing dependence on informa- from oxygenate standard could be technologically-advanced countries in tional systems, as a country we become granted if the USDA and DOE certify the world, United States technology is more vulnerable every day. One needs that there is an issue with supply; and not capable of keeping intruders out to look no further than the now infa- 5. Highway apportionment percentages and secrets in. Flaws have been found mous ‘‘I love you’’ computer virus that will stay the same. in the computer systems of the Pen- swept this world last week to get a Low grain prices high fuel prices, and tagon, IRS, bank networks, utility glimpse at how quickly this can occur, the clean water problems associated companies, and telecommunications and how devastating such an attack with MTBE have highlighted the need providers, among others, making all of can be. for this bipartisan effort to protect our them vulnerable to attack. The Pentagon, other government water, protect our air, and to protect The question, then, is what can we do agencies, and many industries have set our rural economy. Our region and the as a country to protect both the gov- up departments to handle cyber-secu- nation require a renewable, environ- ernment and industries from electronic rity, but we need to do everything we mentally friendly alternative to MTBE attack? I believe we need to start early can to ensure that these departments that helps create local jobs, which adds to equip more people with techno- can be staffed by knowledgeable infor- value to our farmer’s product, which logical skills needed to build and main- mation-protection experts. Without moves us away from an energy-hostage tain secure information technology skilled staff, these departments are situation where our reliance on for- networks. Today, along with my good useless. The Information Protection eign-produced oil makes our producers, friend Senator ROBERTS from Kansas, I Technology Scholarships will help en- consumers and economy subject to the am pleased to be introducing legisla- sure that the students in college have whims of international cartel auto- tion that will do just that. the opportunity to learn as much as crats, and protects our air and water. The vehicle we use to achieve this is possible about protecting technology. My colleagues and friends on this the highly reputable Barry M. Gold- In turn, these students will repay the issue, Senators DASCHLE and LUGAR, water Scholarship and Excellence in nation by putting their skills to work have also introduced a bill on this Education Foundation, which cur- to make our technological infrastruc- issue. I commend them for their in- rently awards scholarships to college ture more secure. Twenty million dol- volvement and look forward to working juniors and seniors studying math and lars is not much to ask for to protect with them; however, I do not believe science. I doubt any of my colleagues the entire United States from the pos- their bill solves all the problems. Spe- would dispute the vast success of the sibility of wide-ranging cyber-ter- cifically, their bill eliminates the oxy- Goldwater foundation. Nearly 20 per- rorism. genate requirement. cent of last year’s Rhodes Scholars One final note. With such a shortage The federal oxygen-content require- were Goldwater Scholars first; and in of qualified American workers, Amer- ment was adopted for several reasons. the last eleven years, Goldwater Schol- ica’s high tech industry is hiring peo- First, Congress understood that ars have won 19 Marshall, 6 Churchill, ple from other countries to come to the oxygenates provide a source of clean 9 Fulbright, 23 Hughes, 65 NSF and nu- United States and fill these jobs. High- octane-displacing toxic compounds merous other fellowships. ly trained immigrants enter this coun- such as benzene and reducing ozone- Our bill is simple: We increase fund- try under the H1–B visa program. Con- forming exhaust emissions of hydro- ing for the Goldwater foundation by 20 gress raised the cap on H1–B visas from carbons and carbon monoxide. Second, million dollars, taking it from 61 to 81 65,000 to 115,000 for FY ’99, and it wasn’t Congress recognized the energy-secu- million dollars. That money will go for enough: we reached that cap by June rity benefits of substituting a certain scholarships to a new category of stu- last year. Later this month, the Senate percentage of imported petroleum with dents, those studying ‘‘information is expected to consider another in- domestically-produced, renewable fuels protection technology’’. By training crease of H1–B visas to 195,000 per year such as ethanol. Finally, the Congress these young people, we can set up our for FY00, 01 and 02. I support this pro- hoped the Federal oxygen requirement technological infrastructure so it be- posed increase; however, I firmly be- could provide new market opportuni- comes safe from intruders. lieve we must do everything in our ties for farmers by stimulating new de- Let me paint you a picture. Fifty power to grow our own labor force. mand for ethanol. I believe each of years ago we suffered a devastating at- That is why I intend to offer this bill these objectives remain as valid today tack on Pearl Harbor. The siege lasted as an amendment to S. 2045 when it is as they were in 1990. five hours. 2403 lives were lost, as were considered on the Senate floor. Unfortunately, the refiners’ decision twenty ships and 188 aircraft. That at- to utilize MTBE, rather than ethanol, tack catapulted the United States into By Mr. BOND (for himself, Mr. has created a serious and growing prob- World War II. As a country, however, DURBIN, Mr. GRASSLEY, Mr. lem nationwide. The U.S. Geological we emerged from the war more power- ASHCROFT, and Mr. FITZ- Survey reports that MTBE has been de- ful than we had been entering it. Along GERALD): tected in 21 percent of the drinking with the Soviet Union, the U.S. was S. 2546. A bill to amend the Clean Air water wells in RFG areas nationwide. deemed a ‘‘superpower,’’ and we have Act to prohibit the use of methyl ter- States with detected MTBE water con- yet to give up that title. tiary butyl ether, to provide flexibility tamination include Missouri, Illinois, A devastating attack today would within the oxygenate requirement of California, Texas, Virginia, Florida, take a much different form and have the reformulated gasoline program of Connecticut, and many more. much more catastrophic consequences. the Environmental Protection Agency, It is important to recognize that the We are not likely to be attacked by air- to promote the use of renewable eth- Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 did planes and ships. Rather, it is far more anol, and for other purposes; to the not mandate the use of MTBE. Indeed, likely that we will be attacked through Committee on Environmental and Pub- in Chicago and other areas where eth- our technology systems. The attack lic Works. anol RFG is used, the program has can occur in as little as ten seconds, CLEAN AIR AND WATER PRESERVATION ACT OF been declared a huge air quality suc- and the effects can devastate our whole 2000 cess. Replicating the Chicago ethanol industrial and governmental infra- Mr. BOND. Mr. President, it is a RFG model in areas where MTBE is structure. A cyber-terrorist can wipe pleasure for me to introduce the Clean being used today would assure contin- out all financial records, plunge air- Air and Water Preservation Act of 2000 ued air quality progress without com- craft from the air with no warning, with my colleague from Illinois, Sen- promising water quality by its use. It corrupt our entire national defense sys- ator DURBIN. Our bill will accomplish would also provide a tremendous eco- tem, and render telecommunications the following: 1. Phases down to elimi- nomic stimulus to rural America by useless. And it can happen in just sec- nation MTBE within 3 years of enact- creating value-added demand for as

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00063 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S3920 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 11, 2000 much as 500 million bushels of grain. strict anti-backsliding provisions to ternative fuels can save consumers bil- The Department of Agriculture re- ensure we do not lose the air quality lions of dollars each year by leveraging cently reported that replacing MTBE benefits that we have already achieved. lower gasoline prices. with ethanol in RFG markets would in- Protection from toxic chemicals and Petroleum companies also tell us crease net farm income $1 billion annu- environmentally sound emission levels that they can produce a gasoline just ally, create 13,000 new jobs, enhance will not be compromised. as clean for the air, but without our balance of trade and reduce farm Most important, this legislation up- oxygenates. Of course, they tell you program costs over the next ten years. holds the air quality benefits of the re- that it will come at some extra cost. Moreover, USDA reports ethanol can formulated gasoline (RFG) program by Mr. President, I must ask my col- replace MTBE without price spikes or maintaining the oxygenate standard. leagues: Do we really need to give the shortages in supplies within three Adding oxygen to our gasoline has petroleum industry both the ability years. helped clean the air in many cities and the excuse to jack up gasoline Let us be very clear about this issue. across the nation. With the use of eth- prices and further gouge American con- The environmental problem at hand is anol, the Chicago RFG program has sumers? real. However, the problem is not eth- proven highly successful in improving Of course not. And the way to make anol, the problem is MTBE. the air quality in Illinois, Indiana, and certain this does not happen is by en- Fortunately some States are already Wisconsin. acting the Clean Air and Water Preser- taking action to ban MTBE. Some are I am proud to say that Illinois is the vation Act of 2000. not moving fast enough. We need to nation’s largest ethanol producer and Other propagandists of the phony make certain that all States ban that one in every six rows of Illinois problem may be political opportunists MTBE to eliminate its contamination corn—280 million bushels—goes to eth- seeking to engage in some self-serving of our water supplies. To ensure that anol production. But, an expanded role election-year shenanigans. we do not have a piecemeal approach to for this renewable fuel is more than a The Clinton administration is facing banning MTBE it is important to pass boost to industry; it is jobs to rural a tough political dilemma. Chevron legislation to ensure we have a na- America, and it is energy security. As and other petroleum interests have tional solution. we look for solutions to high oil prices, convinced California’s Governor that This bill is supported by the National we must remember that ethanol is a the only solution to the MTBE problem Corn Growers, Missouri Corn Growers, viable alternative fuel—domestically is to waive the oxygenate requirement. Renewable Fuels Association, and the produced and environmentally friend- California represents enormous polit- Missouri Farm Bureau. I look forward ly. In fact, every 23 gallons of ethanol ical stakes for November’s elections. to other groups supporting this bill as displaces a barrel of foreign oil. Understandably, the Clinton adminis- well. I commend the Clinton administra- tration does not want to say ‘‘no’’ to I am pleased that Senator DURBIN, tion and Senators DASCHLE and LUGAR California. Senator GRASSLEY, and Senator for their efforts aimed at solving the But the Clinton administration does ASHCROFT have joined me in intro- problems associated with MTBE and not want to say ‘‘no’’ to America’s ducing this vitally important bill. I opening a dialogue on renewable fuel farmers. If the administration gives look forward to working with them and content standards. However, I strongly California and other states a waiver all the other members that join us in feel we need to maintain our commit- from the oxygenate standard, they will this endeavor to ensure that we have a ment to preserving the oxygenate have single-handedly destroyed a $1 national solution that will protect our standard, which has proven to be inte- billion per year market for America’s water and still ensure that we main- gral to achieving the goals of the Clean farmers. tain our air quality benefits produced Air Act. So, what’s the easy political solu- from the Federal oxygenate require- The Clean Air and Water Preserva- tion? Simple. Throw the hot-potato ment. In addition, we will be pro- tion Act of 2000 is good for our environ- into the laps of Congress. Hold a press moting positive energy and rural eco- ment and public health and a boost for conference laying out quote, end-quote, nomic policy objectives, which includes rural economies. I hope my colleagues legislative principles for solving the ethanol. will join me in supporting this legisla- MTBE problem. Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, I am tion. By dumping this on Congress, the ad- pleased to join my colleague from Mis- Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, I am ministration does not have to make souri, Senator BOND, in introducing the pleased to join my colleagues Senator the tough decisions, and will be in a po- Clean Air and Water Preservation Act BOND and Senator DURBIN, as an origi- sition to second-guess and attack any- of 2000, a bill that will ban the gasoline nal cosponsor to the Clean Air and thing and everything Congress does do additive MTBE and promote the use of Water Preservation Act of 2000. I com- to try to work this out. renewable ethanol fuel. mend them for their leadership in re- And the irony of all of this, is that By now, many of us are aware of the solving a very real problem—not a had the Clinton administration fol- dangers methyl tertiary butyl ether phony problem. lowed Congressional intent about the (MTBE) poses to our environment, our The real problem is that MTBE is Clean Air Act Reformulated Fuels Pro- water supply, and our communities. Al- contaminating our Nation’s water sup- gram, instead of listening to the oil though this additive has only been plies. companies and some misguided envi- widely used for about five years, it is The phony problem is the proposition ronmentalists, other oxygenates such now one of the most frequently de- that the Clean Air Act’s oxygenate as ethanol could have competed with tected volatile organic chemicals in standard caused the MTBE water con- MTBE, and we would have far less drinking water supplies across the na- tamination. MTBE water contamination today. tion. In fact, MTBE contamination has Unfortunately, powerful, influential The Clinton administration was affected communities in my home forces are trying to sucker Congress warned loud and clear about the health state of Illinois raising many public and the American public into embrac- and environmental problems of MTBE. health concerns. ing the phony problem. I personally sent many letters and This legislation addresses these prob- Some propagandists of the phony made a lengthy floor statement in 1993 lems by banning MTBE within three problem may be motivated by greed. warning then about MTBE and urging years and urging refiners to replace it After all, if the petroleum industry that they not give Big Oil a regulation with ethanol. The bill also increases gets its way, its profits will balloon. If guaranteeing them a market monopoly consumer protection by requiring gaso- they can get Congress or the adminis- over the oxygenated problem. line stations to label pumps that still tration to grant waivers of the oxygen- Anyone who has ever smelled MTBE, sell MTBE. And the Environmental ate standard, big oil will be able to knows that had consumers been given a Protection Agency is directed to assist squeeze out the 3 to 4 percent of the choice, they would have overwhelm- states in getting the chemical out of market currently supplied by alter- ingly chose to buy reformulated fuel their groundwater. natives. made with ethanol, not MTBE. Furthermore, the Clean Air and The Department of Energy has deter- So the Clinton administration cre- Water Preservation Act of 2000 includes mined that even a small amount of al- ated this MTBE problem in the first

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00064 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY May 11, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3921 place, and now they tell the world that problem is passing the bill introduced Anyone who has visited the Sand the only way to correct it is for Con- today by our colleagues Senator BOND Dunes understands the unique feeling gress to fix it. and Senator DURBIN. they offer the visitor, the dunes seem That’s just not true. But the truth I warn my colleagues, however, that out of place—a contradiction in nature. sort of got lost during the administra- if they buy into the phony problem, The San Luis Valley serenely placed tion’s press conference by EPA’s Carol they will end up having to buy into between the Sangre De Cristo and the Browner. She forgot to tell the Amer- phony solutions. San Juan Mountains is the last place ican public the truth that each and For instance, the Clinton administra- one would expect to see 750 foot high every State has the authority to pro- tion suggested that Congress might sand dunes. Still, the Sand Dunes of- tect its water supplies from MTBE con- want to only reduce the amount of fered the early residents and explorers tamination. As long as the States pass MTBE used, as opposed to banning it a unique look into the earth’s geologi- laws designed to protect the water, as altogether. Well, that’s a phony solu- cal wonders. This bill will help to en- opposed to protecting the air, the tion. sure that future generations have that Clean Air Act does not legally pre- No level of MTBE in gasoline can same opportunity. empt the States from taking action on protect our water supply. Developing legislation that satisfies their own. My State of Iowa is facing an MTBE everyone is a difficult task, but this And I received assurances from EPA water contamination disaster. First, bill reflects compromises on all sides during a recent hearing that they understand, we sell no Clean Air Act and puts forth a unique proposal for a would never attempt to stop a State reformulated gasoline in Iowa. Second, complicated issue. The provisions of from protecting water supplies from understand that for years now, no gaso- the bill allow for (1) establishing the MTBE contamination. line was supposed to be sold in Iowa Great Sand Dunes National Park; (2) Now, some would argue that the oil that contained more than 1 percent establishing the Great Sand Dunes Na- industry would try to challenge such MTBE unless warning labels were post- tional Preserve; (3) the acquisition of efforts in court. ed. the Luis Maria Baca Grant No. 4; (4) Mr. President, that proposition is ri- Nevertheless, the Iowa Department protection of San Luis Valley’s water diculous. The oil companies chose to of Natural Resources recently found resources; (5) hunting in the new Great use MTBE instead of ethanol. They are that 29 percent of Iowa’s water supplies Sand Dunes National Preserve; (6) cre- now liable for what could be billions of tested contained MTBE above the ac- ation of a new National Wildlife Refuge dollars of MTBE clean up costs. And ceptable levels established by EPA. and (7) a local advisory council. So what does this mean? Simply this: these liability costs mount with every Protection of the valley’s water re- MTBE is used in conventional fuel as day that passes, that the oil companies sources is very important to the citi- an octane enhancer and will contami- refuse to replace MTBE with other zens of Colorado and a primary motiva- nate your water. tion for virtually everyone’s support oxygenates. If a State is allowed to waive out of for this measure. An integral part of Therefore, who in their right mind the oxygenate requirement, MTBE will the water component is the federal ac- could think that the oil companies are still be used and will continue to con- quisition of the Baca Ranch. While I stupid enough to take court action to taminate our water supplies. block a State from banning the use of It is phony to argue the oxygenate am usually very skeptical of additional MTBE? requirement is the problem, and it is federal ownership of land, it makes So, why didn’t EPA’s Carol Browner phony to argue waiving or eliminating sense here to purchase the land from announce to the world the States al- the oxygenate requirement will protect willing sellers and incorporate it into ready have the authority to ban our water supplies. the combination park, wildlife refuge MTBE—the source of the real problem? Mr. President, this is just one of and forest. The legislation requires the Well, if the administration admits many phony issues that we are being Department of the Interior to work the truth, and if they fail to convince asked to embrace. I will be speaking with the State of Colorado to protect Americans and Congress that only Con- further about this at a later time. the water dependent resources of the gress can fix this problem, then the But in closing, I ask my colleagues to Sand Dunes while not jeopardizing Clinton administration is stuck back cosponsor our legislation. It provides valid existing water rights held by oth- at ‘‘square one’’ having to choose be- real solutions to the real problem: ers. I want to assure everyone that this tween California or America’s farmers MTBE water contamination. bill does not create a federal reserve who have suffered the lowest prices in water right. decades. By Mr. ALLARD (for himself and The Great Sand Dunes National Pre- Mr. President, there are others push- Mr. CAMPBELL): serve allows the Secretaries of the In- ing the phony problem who may simply S. 2547. A bill to provide for the es- terior and Agriculture to transfer ex- be struggling to save face, hoping that tablishment of the Great Sand Dunes isting Forest Service lands to the Park they not suffer the embarrassment of National Park and the Great Sand Service and manage these lands as a being proven wrong—wrong in their ef- Dunes National Preserve in the State Preserve. The transfer would allow the forts to help petroleum interests in se- of Colorado, and for other purposes; to Park Service jurisdiction of the water- curing a Clinton administration regu- the Committee on Energy and Natural shed affecting the Sand Dunes, while lation guaranteeing that MTBE would Resources. not affecting the wilderness status or monopolize the oxygenate market. GREAT SAND DUNES NATIONAL PARK ACT OF 2000 existing hunting in the area. As a vet- These environmentalists would like ∑ Mr. ALLARD. Mr. President, today I erinarian I understand and recognize the public to believe that ethanol was am introducing legislation to establish hunting as an important tool in game never really a viable option—not then, the Great Sand Dunes National Park management. The bill stipulates that not now. If they ever concede that and the Great Sand Dunes National the Colorado Division of Wildlife will point, then it will be clear to Ameri- Preserve. play an integral role in continued game cans that these environmentalists were This legislation is a major step in management of the area. key promoters of what has turned out protection and preservation of the The bill also creates a new National to be one of the biggest environmental Great Sand Dunes and San Luis Valley Wildlife Refuge on the western edge of crises ever to face America. water. I along with Congressman the existing Baca Ranch and adjacent Mr. President, there are some envi- MCINNIS decided to introduce com- state trust lands. This new Refuge will ronmentalists who do not like ethanol, panion bills at the request of valley provide additional hunting opportuni- simply because it is something that residents, locally elected officials and ties in an area that has been histori- can be made by farmers. They don’t the Rio Grande Water Conservation cally closed to public hunting. It has like farmers because sometimes they District. In an era of Presidential extensive wetlands and is home to an have to use fertilizers and chemicals. It threats and questionable uses of the extensive diversity of plants and ani- is that simple-minded. Antiquities Act, a locally driven legis- mals, including a large elk herd. The Mr. President, the real problem is lative process is something I strongly Refuge would also give the affected MTBE, and the real solution to this support. county an additional source of revenue

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00065 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S3922 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 11, 2000 through the Refuge and Revenue Shar- would benefit substantially from these tual property rights. The Chinese governing Act as an offset to the loss of prop- reductions. Cattlemen and pork pro- ment has not lived up to the promises they erty taxes from the federal acquisition ducers would experience significant made in every single trade agreement signed of the Baca. gains when tariffs are dropped to 12 with the U.S. in the past ten years. President Herbert Hoover in 1932 rec- percent. I also want Missouri farmers This Missourian is absolutely cor- ognized the unique characteristics of to have direct access to Chinese con- rect. In 1994 when we negotiated the the sand dunes and wanted to protect sumers instead of having to go through WTO, the United States gave up the their scenic, scientific and educational a bunch of middle-men. In addition, right to threaten a level of retaliation features. With the support of the local China has made commitments to elimi- that was ‘‘appropriate in the cir- community, the Great Sand Dunes Na- nate eventually many of its current re- cumstances’’ to get compliance. How- tional Monument was established. Now strictions on services, such as distribu- ever, now we are bound to retaliate at sixty-eight years later, residents of the tion, banking, insurance, telecommuni- a level that the WTO decides. We have San Luis Valley are advocating expan- cations, accounting, consulting, and seen where this has taken us with ex- sion and upgrade of the national monu- other financial services. porting our beef to Europe—absolutely ment to a national park. But these are the promises that are nowhere. Last December, I along with Senator on paper. Missourians in the ‘‘Show- We need to avoid creating an endless CAMPBELL, Congressman MCINNIS, Sec- Me’’ state are leery of relying only on lawsuit with China that gets us no- retary of the Interior Bruce Babbitt promises when they don’t know wheth- where. Missourians want some guaran- and Colorado Attorney General Ken er there is adequate enforcement. I’ve tees that they will in fact get export Salazar met at the Great Sand Dunes visited many factories where the work- opportunities and not just a lot of liti- to discuss the merits of expanding and ers want to make sure that they get a gation with no real results as with the protecting the resources of the San fair shake. They want real opportuni- Europeans in the beef and banana Luis Valley. We all recognized the sig- ties. They don’t want hollow promises. cases, where the retaliation level was nificance of the meeting and vowed to I’ve been all over the state visiting reduced by the WTO body. work towards passage of a bill. farm families, and this is what they My goal is consistent with the ‘‘show Our time is short in Congress this want as well. me’’ state. It is straight-forward. Open year, and soon I will be asking for a Several of my constituents have a China’s market to Missouri goods and hearing in the Senate Committee on fairly accurate perspective on China’s services. In order to do that, however, Energy and Natural Resources. This is record of not voluntarily living up to we must have enforcement that works. an important issue to Coloradans, and its agreements. Let me read from a That is why I am proposing the ‘‘SHOW I look forward to Senate passage of my constituent letter, from the Inter- ME’’ Act. legislation.∑ national Association of Machinists and My bill is simple. It would require Aerospace Workers, District 9, Bridge- the Administration to work out an ar- By Mr. ASHCROFT: ton, Mo., dated March 17, 2000: rangement with China whereby if the S. 2548. A bill to provide that exten- China has a history of failing to live up to U.S. wins a WTO case but can’t get sion of nondiscriminatory trade treat- every other trade agreement it has signed compliance, China would agree not to ment to the People’s Republic of China with the United States (the 1992 Memo- challenge the U.S. level of retaliation. be contingent on the United States and randum on Prison Labor, the 1996 Bilateral The Administration could negotiate People’s Republic of China entering Agreement on Unilateral Property Rights, this concession from China as a side into a bilateral agreement relating to the 1994 Bilateral Agreement on Textiles, letter to the November agreement or enforcement; to the Committee on and the 1992 memorandum of Understanding could negotiate as a part of the pro- on Market Access). Finance. tocol of the accession phase. I think this constituent has a pretty SECURING HEIGHTENED OPPORTUNITIES FOR There is precedent for this require- WORKERS, MANUFACTURERS, AND AGRI- accurate assessment of China’s dismal ment. The Administration negotiated a CULTURE EXPORTERS ACT trade record. Quite honestly, China’s 12 to 15 year phase out of special rules Mr. ASHCROFT. Mr. President, trade record has been poor. In a 1992 for safeguards and anti-dumping and today I want to discuss an issue that, agreement, the so-called ‘‘Market Ac- countervailing duties (which are tools judging from my discussions with Mis- cess’’ Agreement, Missouri farmers, to protect our market), yet they did sourians, establishing the right trade ranchers, and workers weren’t actually not work out a 15 year phase out of use policy with China is of increasing con- given much market access. In 1995 of Section 301 (which is a foreign mar- cern to Americans, and Missourians in China eliminated 176 licensing require- ket opening tool). Both are needed— particular. ments, but then imposed 400 new de surge protection and market access Missourians want more opportunities facto licensing requirements. By 1999, tools. Market access is crucial to the to use their economic freedom to shape China had removed over 1,0000 quotas farming community in Missouri, which the future for their families. They and licenses, but the U.S. Trade Rep- gets about one-fourth of its farm in- want increasing opportunities to sell resentative reports that China is erect- come from overseas sales. their products. They want reciprocity ing new barriers to restrict imports. In closing, Mr. President, quite and fairness. This is why I want to en- Also, despite the commitment not to frankly, there is declining satisfaction sure that Missouri businesses, farmers, require import substitution, China an- in America’s heartland with our inabil- and workers will get what they are nounced a new ‘‘Industrial Policy for ity to pry open foreign markets. The promised. Access to a market that is the 1990s’’ which could undermine the only way we will rebuild is with real almost one-fourth of the world’s popu- U.S. automobile, telecommunications, enforcement. A lot of my constituents lation can create higher paying jobs. transportation, machinery, electronics, from the ‘‘Show Me’’ state want to see But if China doesn’t live up to its and construction industries. more assurances from us and the Ad- agreements like in the past—no new Another one of my constituents has ministration that what happened on jobs will be created in Missouri. additional concerns that once we ap- the EU beef and banana cases won’t re- The WTO agreement that the United prove PNTR, the U.S. will lose substan- verberate through the Chinese market. States concluded with China last No- tial leverage. From the International They want our trade policy to create vember could give Missourians sub- Association of Fire Fighters of Kansas jobs in practice, not just in theory. City, Mo, Local Union No. 42, dated stantial benefits. Tariffs on industrial f goods could fall from 25 to 9 percent— March 28, 2000: this means that all of the parts Granting PNTR will . . . reduce our ability ADDITIONAL COSPONSORS manufacturer5s for aerospace, auto- to use unilateral tools to respond to contin- S. 74 ued Chinese failure to live up to its commit- mobiles, appliances would all face sub- At the request of Mr. DASCHLE, the ments. Our ability to take unilateral action stantial ‘‘tax decrease.’’ Also, tariffs on is our only leverage against the Chinese gov- name of the Senator from Nevada (Mr. agricultural goods would be reduced ernment. Proponents of PNTR admit that BRYAN) was added as a cosponsor of S. from 31 to 17 percent. Missouri, as a only by using unilateral actions we were able 74, a bill to amend the Fair Labor leader in agricultural production, to make even modest progress on intellec- Standards Act of 1938 to provide more

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00066 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY May 11, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3923 effective remedies to victims of dis- sponsor of S. 1638, a bill to amend the vania (Mr. SPECTER) was added as a co- crimination in the payment of wages Omnibus Crime Control and Safe sponsor of S. 2044, a bill to allow postal on the basis of sex, and for other pur- Streets Act of 1968 to extend the retro- patrons to contribute to funding for do- poses. active eligibility data for financial as- mestic violence programs through the S. 746 sistance for higher education for voluntary purchase of specially issued At the request of Mr. SMITH of New spouses and dependent children of Fed- postage stamps. Hampshire, his name was added as a eral, State, and local law enforcement S. 2046 cosponsor of S. 746, a bill to provide for officers who are killed in the line of At the request of Mr. FRIST, the analysis of major rules, to promote the duty. name of the Senator from Indiana (Mr. public’s right to know the costs and S. 1658 BAYH) was added as a cosponsor of S. benefits of major rules, and to increase At the request of Mr. DASCHLE, the 2046, a bill to reauthorize the Next Gen- the accountability of quality of Gov- name of the Senator from South Da- eration Internet Act, and for other pur- ernment. kota (Mr. JOHNSON) was added as a co- poses. S. 779 sponsor of S. 1658, a bill to authorize S. 2071 At the request of Mr. ABRAHAM, the the construction of a Reconciliation At the request of Mr. GORTON, the names of the Senator from South Da- Place in Fort Pierre, South Dakota, name of the Senator from Illinois (Mr. kota (Mr. DASCHLE) and the Senator and for other purposes. FITZGERALD) was added as a cosponsor from Michigan (Mr. LEVIN) were added S. 1691 of S. 2071, a bill to benefit electricity as cosponsors of S. 779, a bill to provide At the request of Mr. INHOFE, the consumers by promoting the reliability that no Federal income tax shall be im- names of the Senator from Montana of the bulk-power system. posed on amounts received by Holo- (Mr. BAUCUS) and the Senator from S. 2115 caust victims or their heirs. Missouri (Mr. BOND) were added as co- At the request of Mr. BAUCUS, the S. 890 sponsors of S. 1691, a bill to amend the name of the Senator from Wyoming At the request of Mr. WELLSTONE, the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and (Mr. ENZI) was added as a cosponsor of name of the Senator from Illinois (Mr. Emergency Assistance Act to authorize S. 2115, a bill to ensure adequate moni- DURBIN) was added as a cosponsor of S. programs for predisaster mitigation, to toring of the commitments made by 890, a bill to facilitate the naturaliza- streamline the administration of dis- the People’s Republic of China in its tion of aliens who served with special aster relief, to control the Federal accession to the World Trade Organiza- guerrilla units or irregular forces in costs of disaster assistance, and for tion and to create new procedures to Laos. other purposes. ensure compliance with those commit- S. 1020 S. 1883 ments. At the request of Mr. GRASSLEY, the At the request of Mr. BINGAMAN, the S. 2218 name of the Senator from Wyoming name of the Senator from New Mexico At the request of Mr. CLELAND, the (Mr. ENZI) was added as a cosponsor of (Mr. DOMENICI) was added as a cospon- name of the Senator from Florida (Mr. S. 1020, a bill to amend chapter 1 of sor of S. 1883, a bill to amend title 5, GRAHAM) was added as a cosponsor of S. title 9, United States Code, to provide United States Code, to eliminate an in- 2218, a bill to amend title 5, United for greater fairness in the arbitration equity on the applicability of early re- States Code, to provide for the estab- process relating to motor vehicle fran- tirement eligibility requirements to lishment of a program under which chise contracts. military reserve technicians. long-term care insurance is made S. 1028 S. 1921 available to Federal employees and an- At the request of Mr. HATCH, the At the request of Mr. CAMPBELL, the nuitants and members of the uniformed names of the Senator from Arkansas names of the Senator from Michigan services, and for other purposes. (Mr. HUTCHINSON) and the Senator from (Mr. ABRAHAM) and the Senator from S. 2223 Alaska (Mr. MURKOWSKI) were added as Arkansas (Mr. HUTCHINSON) were added At the request of Mr. FITZGERALD, cosponsors of S. 1028, a bill to simplify as cosponsors of S. 1921, a bill to au- the name of the Senator from Missouri and expedite access to the Federal thorize the placement within the site (Mr. BOND) was added as a cosponsor of courts for injured parties whose rights of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial of a S. 2233, a bill to prohibit the use of, and and privileges, secured by the United plaque to honor Vietnam veterans who provide for remediation of water con- States Constitution, have been de- died after their service in the Vietnam taminated by, methyl tertiary butyl prived by final actions of Federal agen- war, but as a direct result of that serv- ether. cies, or other government officials or ice. S. 2308 entities acting under color of State S. 2003 At the request of Mr. MOYNIHAN, the law, and for other purposes. At the request of Mr. JOHNSON, the name of the Senator from Michigan At the request of Mr. SMITH of New name of the Senator from Maine (Ms. (Mr. LEVIN) was added as a cosponsor of Hampshire, his name was added as co- SNOWE) was added as a cosponsor of S. S. 2308, a bill to amend title XIX of the sponsor of S. 1028, supra. 2003, a bill to restore health care cov- Social Security Act to assure preserva- S. 1185 erage to retired members of the uni- tion of safety net hospitals through At the request of Mr. ABRAHAM, the formed services. maintenance of the Medicaid dis- name of the Senator from New Hamp- S. 2018 proportionate share hospital program. shire (Mr. SMITH) was added as a co- At the request of Mrs. HUTCHISON, the S. 2311 sponsor of S. 1185, a bill to provide name of the Senator from Connecticut At the request of Mr. KENNEDY, the small business certain protections from (Mr. LIEBERMAN) was added as a co- names of the Senator from Indiana litigation excesses and to limit the sponsor of S. 2018, a bill to amend title (Mr. BAYH) and the Senator from Ha- product liability of non-manufacturer XVIII of the Social Security Act to re- waii (Mr. INOUYE) were added as co- product sellers. vise the update factor used in making sponsors of S. 2311, a bill to revise and S. 1322 payments to PPS hospitals under the extend the Ryan White CARE Act pro- At the request of Mr. DASCHLE, the Medicare program. grams under title XXVI of the Public name of the Senator from Minnesota S. 2021 Health Service Act, to improve access (Mr. WELLSTONE) was added as a co- At the request of Mr. BROWNBACK, the to health care and the quality of health sponsor of S. 1322, a bill to prohibit name of the Senator from Wyoming care under such programs, and to pro- health insurance and employment dis- (Mr. ENZI) was added as a cosponsor of vide for the development of increased crimination against individuals and S. 2021, a bill to prohibit high school capacity to provide health care and re- their family members on the basis of and college sports gambling in all lated support services to individuals predictive genetic information or ge- States including States where such and families with HIV disease, and for netic services. gambling was permitted prior to 1991. other purposes. S. 1638 S. 2044 S. 2330 At the request of Mr. SMITH of New At the request of Mr. CAMPBELL, the At the request of Mr. CRAIG, his name Jersey, his name was added as a co- name of the Senator from Pennsyl- was added as a cosponsor of S.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00067 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S3924 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 11, 2000 2330, a bill to amend the Internal Rev- recognition of their service to the Na- ator from Washington (Mr. GORTON), enue Code of 1986 to repeal the excise tion. the Senator from Nebraska (Mr. tax on telephone and other commu- S. 2477 HAGEL), the Senator from Hawaii (Mr. nication services. At the request of Mr. GRASSLEY, the INOUYE), the Senator from Vermont S. 2386 name of the Senator from Michigan (Mr. JEFFORDS), the Senator from Mas- At the request of Mr. FEINSTEIN, the (Mr. ABRAHAM) was added as a cospon- sachusetts (Mr. KENNEDY), the Senator name of the Senator from Hawaii (Mr. sor of S. 2477, a bill to amend the So- from Nebraska (Mr. KERREY), the Sen- INOUYE) was added as a cosponsor of S. cial Security Act to provide additional ator from New Jersey (Mr. LAUTEN- 2386, a bill to extend the Stamp Out safeguards for beneficiaries with rep- BERG), the Senator from Michigan (Mr. Breast Cancer Act. resentative payees under the Old-Age, LEVIN), the Senator from New York OYNIHAN S. 2397 Survivors, and Disability Insurance (Mr. M ), the Senator from Vir- ginia (Mr. ROBB), and the Senator from At the request of Mr. HUTCHINSON, program or the Supplemental Security the name of the Senator from North Income program. New York (Mr. SCHUMER) were added as cosponsors of S. Res. 296, a resolution Carolina (Mr. HELMS) was added as a S. CON. RES. 60 designating the first Sunday in June of cosponsor of S. 2397, a bill to amend At the request of Mr. FEINGOLD, the title 10, United States Code, to deny names of the Senator from Michigan each calendar year as ‘‘National Child’s Day.’’ Federal educational assistance funds to (Mr. ABRAHAM) and the Senator from local educational agencies that deny Ohio (Mr. DEWINE) were added as co- f the Department of Defense access to sponsors of S. Con. Res. 60, a concur- SENATE CONCURRENT RESOLU- secondary school students or directory rent resolution expressing the sense of TION 112—TO MAKE TECHNICAL information about secondary school Congress that a commemorative post- CORRECTIONS IN THE ENROLL- students for military purposes; and for age stamp should be issued in honor of MENT OF THE BILL H.R. 434 other purposes. the U.S.S. Wisconsin and all those who Mr. GRASSLEY (for himself and Mr. served aboard her. S. 2408 MOYNIHAN) submitted the following At the request of Mr. BINGAMAN, the S. CON. RES. 100 concurrent resolution; which was con- name of the Senator from Vermont At the request of Mr. HAGEL, the sidered and agreed to: (Mr. JEFFORDS) was added as a cospon- names of the Senator from Virginia S. CON. RES. 112 sor of S. 2408, a bill to authorize the (Mr. ROBB), the Senator from New Mex- Resolved by the Senate (the House of Rep- President to award a gold medal on be- ico (Mr. BINGAMAN), the Senator from resentatives concurring), That, in the enroll- half of the Congress to the Navajo Code Massachusetts (Mr. KERRY), the Sen- ment of the bill (H.R. 434) to authorize a new Talkers in recognition of their con- ator from North Dakota (Mr. CONRAD), trade and investment policy for sub-Sahara tributions to the Nation. the Senator from Hawaii (Mr. INOUYE), Africa, the Clerk of the House of Representa- tives shall make the following corrections: S. 2413 and the Senator from Massachusetts (1) In section 112(b)(1), insert ‘‘(including (Mr. KENNEDY) were added as cospon- At the request of Mr. LEAHY, the fabrics not formed from yarns, if such fabrics name of the Senator from Wisconsin sors of S. Con. Res. 100, a concurrent are classifiable under heading 5602 or 5603 of (Mr. KOHL) was added as a cosponsor of resolution expressing support of Con- the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the S. 2413, a bill to amend the Omnibus gress for a National Moment of Re- United States and are wholly formed and cut Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of membrance to be observed at 3:00 p.m. in the United States)’’ after ‘‘yarns wholly 1968 to clarify the procedures and con- eastern standard time on each Memo- formed in the United States,’’. ditions for the award of matching rial Day. (2) In section 112(b)(2), insert ‘‘(including fabrics not formed from yarns, if such fabrics S. CON. RES. 107 grants for the purchase of armor vests; are classifiable under heading 5602 or 5603 of S. 2417 At the request of Mr. AKAKA, the the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the At the request of Mr. CRAPO, the name of the Senator from Rhode Island United States and are wholly formed in the name of the Senator from North Caro- (Mr. REED) was added as a cosponsor of United States)’’ after ‘‘yarns wholly formed lina (Mr. HELMS), the Senator from S. Con. Res. 107, a concurrent resolu- in the United States’’. (3) In section 112(b)(3), strike ‘‘countries, South Carolina (Mr. THURMOND), the tion expressing the sense of the Con- gress concerning support for the Sixth subject’’ and insert ‘‘countries (including Senator from Utah (Mr. BENNETT), the fabrics not formed from yarns, if such fabrics Senator from Louisiana (Mr. BREAUX), Nonproliferation Treaty Review Con- are classifiable under heading 5602 or 5603 of the Senator from Oklahoma (Mr. ference. the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the INHOFE), and the Senator from Texas S. CON. RES. 109 United States and are wholly formed and cut (Mrs. HUTCHISON) were added as cospon- At the request of Mr. SCHUMER, the in 1 or more beneficiary sub-Saharan African sors of S. 2417, a bill to amend the Fed- name of the Senator from Florida (Mr. countries), subject’’. (4) In section 112(b)(5)(A), insert ‘‘apparel eral Water Pollution Control Act to in- MACK) was added as a cosponsor of S. articles of’’ after ‘‘to the extent that’’. crease funding for State nonprofit Con. Res. 109, a concurrent resolution (5) In section 213(b)(2)(A) of the Caribbean source pollution control programs, and expressing the sense of Congress re- Basin Economic Recovery Act, as contained for other purposes. garding the ongoing persecution of 13 in section 211(a) of the bill— S. 2420 members of Iran’s Jewish community. (A) in clause (i), strike ‘‘in a CBTPA beneficiary country’’ and insert ‘‘in 1 or more At the request of Mr. GRASSLEY, the S.J. RES. 44 CBTPA beneficiary countries’’; and name of the Senator from Florida (Mr. At the request of Mr. KENNEDY, the (B) in clause (ii)— GRAHAM) was added as a cosponsor of S. names of the Senator from South Da- (i) strike ‘‘cut in a CBTPA beneficiary 2420, a bill to amend title 5, United kota (Mr. DASCHLE), the Senator from country’’ and insert ‘‘cut in 1 or more States Code, to provide for the estab- West Virginia (Mr. ROCKEFELLER), and CBTPA beneficiary countries’’; and lishment of a program under which the Senator from Rhode Island (Mr. (ii) strike ‘‘assembled in such country’’ and long-term care insurance is made REED) were added as cosponsors of S.J. insert ‘‘assembled in 1 or more such coun- available to Federal employees, mem- Res. 44, a joint resolution supporting tries’’. bers of the uniformed services, and ci- the Day of Honor 2000 to honor and rec- (6) In section 213(b)(2)(A)(i) of the Carib- bean Basin Economic Recovery Act, as con- vilian and military retirees, and other ognize the service of minority veterans tained in section 211(a) of the bill, insert purposes. in the United States Armed Forces dur- ‘‘(including fabrics not formed from yarns, if S. 2459 ing World War II. such fabrics are classifiable under heading At the request of Mr. COVERDELL, the S. RES. 296 5602 or 5603 of the HTS and are wholly formed name of the Senator from Kentucky At the request of Mr. GRAHAM, the and cut in the United States)’’ after ‘‘yarns wholly formed in the United States,’’. (Mr. BUNNING) was added as a cosponsor names of the Senator from Colorado (7) In section 213(b)(2)(A)(ii) of the Carib- of S. 2459, a bill to provide for the (Mr. ALLARD), the Senator from Mon- bean Basin Economic Recovery Act, as con- award of a gold medal on behalf of the tana (Mr. BAUCUS), the Senator from tained in section 211(a) of the bill, insert Congress to former President Ronald Louisiana (Mr. BREAUX), the Senator ‘‘(including fabrics not formed from yarns, if Reagan and his wife Nancy Reagan in from Connecticut (Mr. DODD), the Sen- such fabrics are classifiable under heading

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00068 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY May 11, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3925 5602 or 5603 of the HTS and are wholly formed Resolved, That it is the sense of the Senate Resolved, That it is the sense of the Senate in the United States)’’ after ‘‘yarns wholly that— that— formed in the United States’’. (1) The organizers, sponsors and partici- (1) the tenets of the Convention on the (8) In section 213(b)(2)(A)(iii)(I) of the Car- pants of the Million Mom March shall be Elimination of Discrimination Against ibbean Basin Economic Recovery Act, as welcomed to Washington and commended for Women are incompatible with the tradition contained in section 211(a) of the bill, strike rallying their communities to demand sen- and policy of the United States to uphold ‘‘United States, in an amount’’ and insert sible gun safety legislation, and motherhood and to regard motherhood with ‘‘United States (including fabrics not formed (2) Congress should pass a conference re- the highest degree of honor and respect; from yarns, if such fabrics are classifiable port to accompany H.R. 1501, the Violent and (2) the Convention would create negative under heading 5602 or 5603 of the HTS and are Repeat Juvenile Offender Accountability and perceptions toward motherhood; and formed in 1 or more CBTPA beneficiary Rehabilitation Act before the Memorial Day (3) the Senate should not give its advice countries), in an amount’’. Recess, which includes the Lautenberg- and consent to ratification of the fundamen- (9) In clause (v) of section 213(b)(2)(A) of Kerrey gun show loophole amendment and tally flawed Convention on the Elimination the Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act, the other Senate-passed provisions designed of Discrimination Against Women. as contained in section 211(a) of the bill— to limit access to firearms by juveniles, con- Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, mothers victed felons, and other persons prohibited (A) strike ‘‘fibers, fabric, or yarn’’ each across America will be showered with place it appears in the heading and the text by law from purchasing or possessing fire- and insert ‘‘fabrics or yarn’’; arms. love and appreciation this Sunday as an annual expression of love and grati- (B) strike ‘‘fibers, fabric, and yarn’’ and in- f sert ‘‘fabrics and yarn’’; and tude for the selfless acts mothers make (C) insert ‘‘apparel articles of’’ after ‘‘to SENATE RESOLUTION 306—EX- for their families every day. Sunday is the extent that’’. PRESSING THE SENSE OF THE one of the truly special days of the (10) In section 213(b)(2)(A)(vii)(IV) of the SENATE WITH RESPECT TO year. It is Mother’s Day. Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act, as MOTHER’S DAY THAT THE Americans have a tradition of hon- contained in section 211(a) of the bill, strike UNITED STATES SENATE oring mothers, dating back to 1914, ‘‘entered’’ and insert ‘‘classifiable’’. SHOULD REJECT THE UNITED when the second Sunday of May was (11) In section 213(b)(2)(A) of the Caribbean NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE first recognized as ‘‘Mother’s Day’’ Basin Economic Recovery Act, as contained ELIMINATION OF DISCRIMINA- It is especially significant in this in section 211(a) of the bill, strike ‘‘(vii) TEX- TILE LUGGAGE.—’’ and insert ‘‘(viii) TEXTILE TION AGAINST WOMEN (CEDAW) year 2000 because of the irony that a LUGGAGE.—’’. AS IT DEMEANS MOTHERHOOD number of high-profile women in the (12) Strike section 412(a)(2) and insert the AND UNDERMINES THE TRADI- Clinton Administration—and in Con- following: TIONAL FAMILY gress—are so vocally supportive of the (2) in the flush paragraph at the end, by Mr. HELMS submitted the following so-called U.N. Convention on the striking ‘‘and (G)’’ and inserting ‘‘(G), and Elimination of Discrimination Against (H) (to the extent described in section resolution; which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations: Women, which they call CEDAW— 507(6)(D))’’. which rhymes with hee-haw. S. RES. 306 (13) In the article description for sub- In any case, the point is this, Mr. heading 9902.51.13 of the Harmonized Tariff Whereas motherhood is a God-given right President, the radical feminists groups Schedule of the United States, as added by of women to bear and rear children; section 502(a) of the bill, strike ‘‘of 64’s and Whereas, since 1914, the United States has around the country have gone to ex- linen worsted wool count wool yarn’’. officially observed the second Sunday in May treme lengths with incessant declara- (14) In section 505(d), insert ‘‘to the United as Mother’s Day to display public expression tions, shouting, and even rudely dis- States Customs Service’’ after ‘‘appropriate of love and reverence for all American moth- rupting at least one congressional claim’’. ers; hearing in their futile efforts to con- Whereas Mother’s Day is recognized by the f vince American women that the United States and many other countries in CEDAW Treaty somehow protects the SENATE RESOLUTION 305—COM- affirmation of the invaluable role mothers MENDING PARTICIPANTS IN THE play in providing a family upbringing for rights of women, which it absolutely MILLION MOM MARCH children; would not do—even in the highly un- Whereas the Convention on the Elimi- likely event that the Senate ever gives Mr. LAUTENBERG submitted the nation of Discrimination Against Women in- CEDAW a second glance. following resolution; which was re- tegrates a derogatory sentiment toward The problem for the radical feminists ferred to the Committee on the Judici- motherhood as manifested in the Conven- is that the truth has been circulated ary: tion’s January 3, 2000 Committee Report on across the land that the proposed trea- Belarus specifically condemning symbols S. RES. 305 ty fails to offer increased opportunities such as Mother’s Day; Whereas, on Mother’s Day—May 14, 2000— Whereas the Senate affirms its commit- for women. All the same, the radical Americans from all walks of life will unite ment that the United States should work feminists have tried to turn the pro- for the Million Mom March on the National with other nations to enhance the protection posed treaty into a feminist manifesto, Mall in Washington, DC and in communities of the fundamental right of motherhood, in- and the militant women have fallen on across the country to call for meaningful, cluding the condemnation of coercive popu- their faces in the process. common sense gun policy, and these fami- lation control programs where expectant Mr. President, one needs only to ex- lies, citizens, members of religious congrega- mothers are forced to undergo abortions or amine the reports of the various tions, schools, community-based organiza- sterilizations; CEDAW committees, and it is clear tions, businesses, and political and cultural Whereas the Convention’s agenda to pro- groups will join together as a local and na- mote abortion worldwide invades the laws of that motherhood is not favorably tional community to recognize the violence countries that hold a religious or moral be- viewed by the CEDAW advocates. committed against our children from guns; lief that abortion is the destruction of inno- For instance, Mr. President, earlier and cent human life and that it subjects expect- this year, one such committee sol- Whereas, 4,223 young people ages 19 and ant mothers to physical and emotional trau- emnly warned the nation Belarus that under were killed by gunfire—one every two ma; there was great ‘‘concern [over] the hours, nearly 12 young people every day—in Whereas the Convention seeks to supplant continuing prevalence of such the United States in 1997, and the primary care and nurturing provided by [stereotypical] symbols as a Mother’s Whereas, American children under 15 are 12 stay-at-home mothers with institutionalized times more likely to die from gunfire than daycare facilities as advocated in the Con- Day.’’ Now get that—‘‘the continuing children in 25 other industrialized countries vention’s August 12, 1997 Committee Report prevalence of such [stereotypical] sym- combined, and on Slovenia, which stated that children bols as a Mother’s Day.’’ The nation Whereas, the one year Anniversary of the cared for at home are deprived of ‘‘edu- Armenia was lectured about the need Columbine High School tragedy passed on cational and social opportunities offered in to ‘‘combat the traditional stereotype April 20, 2000, without any action by Con- formal daycare institutions’’; and of women in the noble role of mother.’’ gress on the reasonable gun safety measures Whereas more than a hundred United Another CEDAW committee warned that were sent to a House-Senate conference States-based family, religious, and edu- Slovenia that too many Slovenian more than nine months ago, and cational organizations representing count- Whereas protecting our children from gun less millions of Americans strongly oppose mothers (that’s right, too many moth- violence is a top priority for our families, United States ratification of the Convention ers) were staying home (in the opinion communities and nation: Now, therefore, be on the Elimination of Discrimination of the CEDAW ladies) to raise their it Against Women: Now, therefore, be it children. Think of that bad situation,

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00069 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S3926 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 11, 2000 mothers staying home to raise their The Crush—Birmingham, Oneonta, AL. Praise Assembly of God, Wayne, NE. children. The CEDAW crowd also Concerned Women for America of NJ, Glen Christ in the Workplace, Chicago, IL. warned that because only 30 percent of Rock, NJ. Save the Baby Humans Foundation, Cedar Knights of Columbus St Raphael Council, children in Slovenia were in day-care Park, TX. #11884, Belmont, WI. Our Lady of the Rosary Library, Louis- centers, the other 70 percent were in Eagle Forum, Washington, DC. ville, KY. grave danger of ‘‘miss[ing] out on edu- Expectant Mother Care, New York, NY. The New Jersey Family Policy Council, cational and social opportunities of- Legal Center for the Defense of Life. Parsippany, NJ. fered in (the) formal day-care institu- New York, NY, Illinois Right to Life Com- The Family Foundation, Richmond, VA. tions.’’ One can surmise they mean mittee, Chicago, IL. William and Mary Alternatives to Abor- Catholic Citizens of Illinois, La Grange, IL. tion, Williamsburg, VA. that all this is more important and CSRA Family Network, Augusta, GA. more effective than motherhood in the Holy Family Medical Specialties, Lincoln, Catholics for Just Choice, San Antonio, NE. home. TX. Rock for Life, McLean, VA. So, in spite of CEDAW’s noisy advo- Voice For Life, Springfield, MO. United Families Int’l, Salt Lake City, UT. cates, Mr. President, the so-called Con- Catholic Alliance, Washington, DC. Pro-Life Wisconsin, Brookfield, WI. vention of Elimination of All Forms of The Society for the Promotion of Celtic Catholic Pro-Life Committee of the Dio- Discrimination Against Women—and Virtues, Brewster, NY. cese of Dallas, Dallas, TX. Vision Youth Ministries, Inc., Knox, IN. that is a jawbreaker within itself—has Cincinnati Rock For Life, Hamilton, OH. A Woman’s Hope, Champaign, IL. Family Research Council, Washington, been left at the starting gate simply St. Joseph, Guardian of the Redeemer because this unwise proposed treaty D.C. Chapter: TORCH of the East Bay, Walnut The White Rose Women’s Center, Dallas, was clearly negotiated by radical femi- Creek, CA. TX. nists with the intent of enshrining Life Coalition International, Melbourne, Focus on the Family, Washington, D.C. FL. their radical anti-family agenda into f international law. Roe No More Ministry. Capitol Resource Institute, Sacrament, That is why this CEDAW mishmash SENATE RESOLUTION 307—EX- CA. PRESSING THE SENSE OF THE has been collecting dust in the Senate Family Action Council International, for 20 years. And when I say Senate, I Fredericksburg, VA. SENATE WITH RESPECT TO mean the Committee on Foreign Rela- World Family Policy Center, Provo, UT. MOTHER’S DAY THAT THE tions. It was sent to the Senate by Life Advocates, Houston, TX. UNITED STATES SENATE President Carter in 1980—since which Population Research Institute, Front SHOULD REJECT THE UNITED the Democratic Party was in control of Royal, VA. NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE Guild of the Holy Spirit, Front Royal, VA. ELIMINATION OF DISCRIMINA- the Senate for 10 years. But the treaty Couple to Couple League International, is so obviously bad that the Democrats Cincinnati, OH. TION AGAINST WOMEN (CEDAW) never brought it up for a vote, and if I Coalitions for America. AS IT DEMEANS MOTHERHOOD have anything to do with it—and I Knights of Columbus Council #765, Cuba AND UNDERMINES THE TRADI- think I do—it will never see the light City, WI. TIONAL FAMILY of day on my watch. Knights of Columbus Council #1386, Mr. HELMS submitted the following Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- Platteville, WI. Knights of Columbus Council #1762, Hud- resolution; which was ordered to lie sent that a list of more than 100 U.S. son, WI. over, under the rule: groups, representing countless millions Knights of Columbus Council #7370, Hazel S. RES. 307 of Americans who oppose the CEDAW, Green, WI. Whereas motherhood is a God-given right be printed in the RECORD. Knights of Columbus Council #1080, Dar- of women to bear and rear children; There being no objection, the mate- lington, WI. Whereas, since 1914, the United States has rial was ordered to be printed in the Knights of Columbus Council #605, Beloit, officially observed the second Sunday in May WI. RECORD, as follows: as Mother’s Day to display public expression Knights of Columbus Council #839, La- of love and reverence for all American moth- OVER 100 ORGANIZATIONS REPRESENTING Crosse, WI. COUNTLESS MILLIONS WHO OPPOSE CEDAW ers; Knights of Columbus Council #1909, High- Whereas Mother’s Day is recognized by the The Alliance of Catholic Women, Provi- land, WI. United States and many other countries in dence, RI. Villanovans for Life, Villanova, PA. affirmation of the invaluable role mothers VCY America, Milwaukee, WI Rock For Life, Owings Mills, MD. play in providing a family upbringing for Leola Area Right to Life, Forbes, ND. National Congress for Fathers and Chil- children; Baby Humans Foundation, Cedar Park, dren, Kansas. Whereas the Convention on the Elimi- TX. Rockford Area RomanCatholic Home Edu- nation of Discrimination Against Women in- The New Jersey Coalition for Marriage, cators, Capron, IL. tegrates a derogatory sentiment toward Mendham, NJ. NFP Outreach, Oklahoma City, OK. motherhood as manifested in the Conven- Our Lady of the Rosary, Library, Louis- ABCs of Faith, The Woodlands, TX. tion’s January 3, 2000 Committee Report on ville, KY. Rock For Life, Quad Cities Illinois. Eutopia: A Lay Journal of Catholic Torch, Montgomery County. Belarus specifically condemning symbols Thought, Washington, DC. New Jersey Physician’s Resource Council, such as Mother’s Day; Voice For Life, Springfield, MO. Mountainside, NJ. Whereas the Senate affirms its commit- Northwest Catholic Family. Life Savers Ministries, Inc., Bakersfield, ment that the United States should work Education Conference. CA. with other nations to enhance the protection Concerned Roman, Catholics of America, Rock for Life, Elkton, Maryland. of the fundamental right of motherhood, in- Anaheim, CA. Rock For Life, Richmond, TX. cluding the condemnation of coercive popu- Holy Innocents Reparation Committee, Rock For Life, Manchester, NH. lation control programs where expectant Anaheim, CA. The National Right to Life Committee, mothers are forced to undergo abortions or Corpus Christi Parish, East Sandwich, MA. Washington, DC. sterilizations; Men’s Health America, Rockville, MD. TLM Youth Group, Cajon, CA. Whereas the Convention’s agenda to pro- The Way, The Truth, The Life, Forestport, Rockland County Catholic Coalition, mote abortion worldwide invades the laws of NY. Nyack, NY. countries that hold a religious or moral be- National Federation of Republican Assem- Rock For Life, Elgin, Illinois. lief that abortion is the destruction of inno- blies, Simi Valley, CA. Rock For Life, Lane County, Oregon. cent human life and that it subjects expect- John Paul II Institute of Christian Spiritu- Upper Michigan Christians United, ant mothers to physical and emotional trau- ality, Woodstock, VA. Ishpeming, MI. ma; The University of Wisconsin-Madison, Pro- New Hampshire Prolife Council, Man- Whereas the Convention seeks to supplant Life Action League, Madison, WI. chester, NH. the primary care and nurturing provided by Women for Faith & Family, St. Louis, MO. The Family Foundation, Richmond, VA. stay-at-home mothers with institutionalized Jesus House Ministries. Rock For Life, Fort Wayne, IN. daycare facilities as advocated in the Con- ABC Pregnancy Help Center, Pratt, KS. St. Thomas More Society of Notre Dame vention’s August 12, 1997 Committee Report Rock for Life of Columbus & Central Ohio, Law School, Notre Dame, IN. on Slovenia, which stated that children Columbus, OH. Notre Dame Right to Life, Notre Dame, IN. cared for at home are deprived of ‘‘edu- The American Family Association of NY, Concerned Women for America, Wash- cational and social opportunities offered in Port Washington, NY. ington, DC. formal daycare institutions’’; and

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00070 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY May 11, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3927 Whereas more than a hundred United on Thursday, May 11, 2000, at 9:30 a.m. of the floor be granted to the following States-based family, religious, and edu- on reauthorization of the Pipeline Appropriations Committee detailees cational organizations representing count- Safety Act. during floor consideration of the Sen- less millions of Americans strongly oppose The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ate appropriations bills and appropria- United States ratification of the Convention tions conference reports: Brian Wilson on the Elimination of Discrimination objection, it is so ordered. Against Women: Now, therefore, be it COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC and Leslie Kalan. Resolved, That it is the sense of the Senate WORKS The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without that— Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, I ask objection, it is so ordered. (1) the tenets of the Convention on the unanimous consent that the Senate Mr. BURNS. Mr. President, I ask Elimination of Discrimination Against Committee on Environment and Public unanimous consent that Mike Daly, a Women are incompatible with the tradition Works be authorized to conduct a hear- fellow in the office of Senator ABRA- and policy of the United States to uphold HAM, be granted floor privileges for the ing Thursday, May 11, 2000, at 9:30 a.m. motherhood and to regard motherhood with period of the consideration of S. 2521, and 2:00 p.m., to receive testimony on the highest degree of honor and respect; military construction fiscal year 2001 the Administration’s legislative pro- (2) the Convention would create negative appropriations bill. perceptions toward motherhood; and posal on the Comprehensive Everglades The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without (3) the Senate should not give its advice Restoration Plan. objection, it is so ordered. and consent to ratification of the fundamen- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask tally flawed Convention on the Elimination objection, it is so ordered. of Discrimination Against Women. unanimous consent that John COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS Underriner, a fellow in my office, be f Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, I ask granted floor privileges for the remain- NOTICE OF HEARING unanimous consent that the Com- der of this afternoon. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND NATURAL mittee on Foreign Relations be author- RESOURCES ized to meet during the session of the objection, it is so ordered. Mr. MURKOWSKI. Mr. President, I Senate on Thursday, May 11, 2000, at f would like to announce for the infor- 10:00 a.m. to hold a hearing. PERMISSION TO FILE DEPART- mation of the Senate and the public The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without MENT OF DEFENSE AUTHORIZA- that a two-part hearing has been sched- objection, it is so ordered. TION BILL AND REPORT COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY uled before the Committee on Energy Mr. SMITH of Oregon. Mr. President, and Natural Resources. Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, I ask I ask unanimous consent that notwith- This hearing will take place on unanimous consent that the Com- standing the recess of the Senate, the Thursday, May 18, 2000, at 9:30 a.m. in mittee on the Judiciary be authorized Armed Services Committee be per- room SD–366 of the Dirksen Senate Of- to meet to conduct a markup on Thurs- mitted to file the Department of De- fice Building in Washington, DC. day, May 11, 2000, at 10:00 a.m. The fense authorization bill and report at The purpose of the first part of the markup will take place in Dirksen 10 a.m. on Friday, May 12, 2000. hearing is to receive testimony on S. Room 226. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without 2439, a bill to authorize the construc- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered. tion of the Southeastern Alaska objection, it is so ordered. f Intertie system. The purpose of the SUBCOMMITTEE ON NATIONAL PARKS EXPRESSING THE SENSE OF THE second part of the hearing is to con- Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, I ask SENATE WITH RESPECT TO sider the nomination of Mildred unanimous consent that the Sub- MOTHER’S DAY THAT THE Dresselhaus, to be Director, Office of committee on National Parks, Historic UNITED STATES SENATE Science, Department of Energy. Preservation and Recreation of the SHOULD REJECT THE UNITED Presentation of oral testimony is by Committee on Energy and Natural Re- NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE Committee invitation only. However, sources be authorized to meet during ELIMINATION OF DISCRIMINA- those who wish to submit written testi- the session of the Senate on Thursday, TION AGAINST WOMEN (CEDAW) mony for the hearing record should May 11 at 2:30 p.m. to conduct a hear- AS IT DEMEANS MOTHERHOOD send two copies of their testimony to ing. The subcommittee will receive tes- AND UNDERMINES THE TRADI- the Committee on Energy and Natural timony on S. 1367, a bill to amend the TIONAL FAMILY Resources, United States Senate, 364 Act which established the Saint- Dirksen Senate Office Building, Wash- Gaudens National Historic Site, in the Mr. SMITH of Oregon. Mr. President, ington, DC 20510–6150. State of New Hampshire, by modifying I ask unanimous consent the Senate For further information regarding S. the boundary and for other purposes; S. now proceed to the consideration of S. 2439, please contact Dan Kish. For fur- 1617, a bill to promote preservation and Res. 307, submitted earlier by Senator ther information regarding the public awareness of the history of the HELMS, which expresses the sense of Dresselhaus nomination, please con- Underground Railroad by providing fi- the Senate with respect to Mother’s tact David Dye. nancial assistance, to the Freedom Day, that the U.S. Senate should reject the United Nations Convention on the f Center, in Cincinnati, Ohio; S. 1670, a Elimination of Discrimination Against AUTHORITY FOR COMMITTEES TO bill to revise the boundary of Fort Mantanzas National Monument, and Women as it demeans motherhood and MEET undermines the traditional family. for other purposes; S. 2020, a bill to ad- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there COMMITTEE ON BANKING, HOUSING, AND URBAN just the boundary of the Natchez Trace AFFAIRS objection to proceeding? Parkway, Mississippi, and for other Mr. SMITH of Oregon. Mr. President, Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, I ask purposes; S. 2478, a bill to require the unanimous consent that the Com- I object to my own request on behalf of Secretary of the Interior to conduct a the other side of the aisle. mittee on Banking, Housing, and theme study on the peopling of Amer- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The reso- Urban Affairs be authorized to meet ica, and for other purposes; and S. 2485, lution will lie over under the rule. during the session of the Senate on a bill to direct the Secretary of the In- f Thursday, May 11, 2000, to conduct a terior to provide assistance in planning hearing on pending nominations. and constructing a regional heritage APPOINTMENTS The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without center in Calais, Maine. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The objection, it is so ordered. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Chair, on behalf of the Vice President, COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND objection, it is so ordered. pursuant to 22 U.S.C. 276d–276g, as TRANSPORTATION f amended, appoints the following Sen- Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, I ask ators as members of the Senate Delega- unanimous consent that the Com- PRIVILEGES OF THE FLOOR tion to the Canada-U.S. Inter- mittee on Commerce, Science, and Mr. BURNS. Mr. President, I ask parliamentary Group during the Sec- Transportation be authorized to meet unanimous consent that the privilege ond Session of the 106th Congress, to be

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00071 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S3928 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 11, 2000 held in Mississippi and Louisiana, May (6) In section 213(b)(2)(A)(i) of the Carib- PROGRAM bean Basin Economic Recovery Act, as con- 19–22, 2000: the Senator from Iowa (Mr. Mr. SMITH of Oregon. Mr. President, GRASSLEY); the Senator from Ohio (Mr. tained in section 211(a) of the bill, insert ‘‘(including fabrics not formed from yarns, if for the information of all Senators, the DEWINE); the Senator from Minnesota such fabrics are classifiable under heading Senate will not be in session tomorrow (Mr. GRAMS); the Senator from Maine 5602 or 5603 of the HTS and are wholly formed and will reconvene on Monday at 1 p.m. (Ms. COLLINS); the Senator from Ohio and cut in the United States)’’ after ‘‘yarns When the Senate reconvenes, there will (Mr. VOINOVICH); the Senator from wholly formed in the United States,’’. be a period for morning business not to Vermont (Mr. LEAHY); the Senator (7) In section 213(b)(2)(A)(ii) of the Carib- exceed the hour of 3 p.m. Following from Louisiana (Mr. BREAUX); and the bean Basin Economic Recovery Act, as con- morning business, the Senate will re- Senator from Hawaii (Mr. AKAKA). tained in section 211(a) of the bill, insert ‘‘(including fabrics not formed from yarns, if sume debate on the military construc- f such fabrics are classifiable under heading tion appropriations bill under the pre- CORRECTIONS IN THE 5602 or 5603 of the HTS and are wholly formed vious order. Senators who have state- ENROLLMENT OF H.R. 434 in the United States)’’ after ‘‘yarns wholly ments in regard to this appropriations formed in the United States’’. bill are encouraged to come to the Mr. SMITH of Oregon. Mr. President, (8) In section 213(b)(2)(A)(iii)(I) of the Car- floor on Monday afternoon and Tues- I ask unanimous consent that the Sen- ibbean Basin Economic Recovery Act, as day morning. ate proceed to the immediate consider- contained in section 211(a) of the bill, strike ation of S. Con. Res. 112, which is at ‘‘United States, in an amount’’ and insert f the desk. ‘‘United States (including fabrics not formed ADJOURNMENT UNTIL 1 P.M. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The from yarns, if such fabrics are classifiable MONDAY, MAY 15, 2000 clerk will report the concurrent resolu- under heading 5602 or 5603 of the HTS and are tion by title. formed in 1 or more CBTPA beneficiary Mr. SMITH of Oregon. Mr. President, The assistant legislative clerk read countries), in an amount’’. if there is no further business to come as follows: (9) In clause (v) of section 213(b)(2)(A) of before the Senate, I now ask unani- the Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act, A concurrent resolution (S. Con. Res. 112) mous consent that the Senate stand in as contained in section 211(a) of the bill— adjournment under the previous order. to make technical corrections in the enroll- (A) strike ‘‘fibers, fabric, or yarn’’ each ment of the bill H.R. 434. place it appears in the heading and the text There being no objection, the Senate, There being no objection, the Senate and insert ‘‘fabrics or yarn’’; at 6:31 p.m., adjourned until Monday, proceeded to consider the concurrent (B) strike ‘‘fibers, fabric, and yarn’’ and in- May 15, 2000, at 1 p.m. resolution. sert ‘‘fabrics and yarn’’; and f Mr. SMITH of Oregon. Mr. President, (C) insert ‘‘apparel articles of’’ after ‘‘to I ask unanimous consent that the con- the extent that’’. NOMINATIONS current resolution be agreed to and the (10) In section 213(b)(2)(A)(vii)(IV) of the Executive nominations received by Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act, as motion to reconsider be laid upon the contained in section 211(a) of the bill, strike the Senate May 11, 2000: table. ‘‘entered’’ and insert ‘‘classifiable’’. AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without (11) In section 213(b)(2)(A) of the Caribbean BARRY EDWARD CARTER, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUM- objection, it is so ordered. Basin Economic Recovery Act, as contained BIA, TO BE AN ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR OF THE The concurrent resolution (S. Con. UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVEL- in section 211(a) of the bill, strike ‘‘(vii) TEX- OPMENT, VICE SALLY A. SHELTON. Res. 112) was agreed to, as follows: TILE LUGGAGE.—’’ and insert ‘‘(viii) TEXTILE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION S. CON. RES. 112 LUGGAGE.—’’. (12) Strike section 412(a)(2) and insert the MARK S. WRIGHTON, OF MISSOURI, TO BE A MEMBER Resolved by the Senate (the House of Rep- OF THE NATIONAL SCIENCE BOARD, NATIONAL SCIENCE resentatives concurring), That, in the enroll- following: FOUNDATION, FOR A TERM EXPIRING MAY 10, 2006, VICE ment of the bill (H.R. 434) to authorize a new (2) in the flush paragraph at the end, by ROBERT M. SOLOW, TERM EXPIRED. trade and investment policy for sub-Sahara striking ‘‘and (G)’’ and inserting ‘‘(G), and THE JUDICIARY (H) (to the extent described in section Africa, the Clerk of the House of Representa- JOHN W. DARRAH, OF ILLINOIS, TO BE UNITED STATES tives shall make the following corrections: 507(6)(D))’’. DISTRICT JUDGE FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ILLI- (1) In section 112(b)(1), insert ‘‘(including (13) In the article description for sub- NOIS, VICE GEORGE M. MAROVICH, RETIRED. heading 9902.51.13 of the Harmonized Tariff JOAN HUMPHREY LEFKOW, OF ILLINOIS, TO BE UNITED fabrics not formed from yarns, if such fabrics STATES DISTRICT JUDGE FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT are classifiable under heading 5602 or 5603 of Schedule of the United States, as added by OF ILLINOIS, VICE ANN C. WILLIAMS, ELEVATED. the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the section 502(a) of the bill, strike ‘‘of 64’s and RICARDO MORADO, OF TEXAS, TO BE UNITED STATES linen worsted wool count wool yarn’’. DISTRICT JUDGE FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF United States and are wholly formed and cut TEXAS, VICE FILAMON B. VELA, RETIRED. in the United States)’’ after ‘‘yarns wholly (14) In section 505(d), insert ‘‘to the United FOREIGN SERVICE formed in the United States,’’. States Customs Service’’ after ‘‘appropriate (2) In section 112(b)(2), insert ‘‘(including claim’’. THE FOLLOWING-NAMED PERSONS OF THE AGENCIES INDICATED FOR APPOINTMENT AS FOREIGN SERVICE OF- fabrics not formed from yarns, if such fabrics FICERS OF THE CLASSES STATED, AND ALSO FOR THE are classifiable under heading 5602 or 5603 of f OTHER APPOINTMENTS INDICATED HEREWITH: the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the FOR APPOINTMENT AS FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICERS OF CLASS FOUR, CONSULAR OFFICER AND SECRETARY IN United States and are wholly formed in the THE DIPLOMATIC SERVICE OF THE UNITED STATES OF United States)’’ after ‘‘yarns wholly formed ORDERS FOR MONDAY, MAY 15, AMERICA: 2000 in the United States’’. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (3) In section 112(b)(3), strike ‘‘countries, Mr. SMITH of Oregon. Mr. President, subject’’ and insert ‘‘countries (including LESLIE O’CONNOR, OF CALIFORNIA fabrics not formed from yarns, if such fabrics I ask unanimous consent that when the DEPARTMENT OF STATE Senate completes its business today, it are classifiable under heading 5602 or 5603 of AMY MARIE ALLEN, OF ARIZONA the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the stand in adjournment until the hour of WILLIAM H. AVERY, OF FLORIDA United States and are wholly formed and cut 1 p.m. on Monday, May 15. I further ask STEPHEN B. BANKS, OF VIRGINIA STEPHEN A. BARNEBY, OF NEVADA in 1 or more beneficiary sub-Saharan African unanimous consent that on Monday, BRIDGET A. BRINK, OF MICHIGAN countries), subject’’. immediately following the prayer, the JENNIFER CHINTANA BULLOCK, OF PENNSYLVANIA (4) In section 112(b)(5)(A), insert ‘‘apparel PAUL M. CARTER, JR., OF MARYLAND routine requests through the morning ROBERT R. GABOR, OF CALIFORNIA articles of’’ after ‘‘to the extent that’’. hour be granted, the time for the two JEFFREY E. GALVIN, OF COLORADO (5) In section 213(b)(2)(A) of the Caribbean EDWARD G. GRULICH, OF TEXAS Basin Economic Recovery Act, as contained leaders be reserved for their use later SALLY BYRNE IRONFIELD, OF VIRGINIA in the day, and the Senate then begin a EMILY ALLT KENEALY, OF VIRGINIA in section 211(a) of the bill— YURI KIM, OF GUAM (A) in clause (i), strike ‘‘in a CBTPA bene- period for the transaction of morning GREGORY MICHAEL MARCHESE, OF CALIFORNIA ficiary country’’ and insert ‘‘in 1 or more business until 3 p.m., with Senators ROBERT B. MOONEY, OF CALIFORNIA PEGGY ANN ORTEGA, OF HAWAII CBTPA beneficiary countries’’; and permitted to speak for up to 5 minutes ROBERT A. PITRE, OF WASHINGTON (B) in clause (ii)— each, with the following exceptions: JENNIFER L. SAVAGE, OF VIRGINIA (i) strike ‘‘cut in a CBTPA beneficiary RUSSELL ADAM SCHIEBEL, OF TEXAS Senator AKAKA, 30 minutes; Senator MICAELA A. SCHWEITZER-BLUHM, OF VIRGINIA country’’ and insert ‘‘cut in 1 or more KENNEDY, 30 minutes; Senator THOMAS, ANDREW SHAW, OF NEW YORK CBTPA beneficiary countries’’; and DAVID WILLIAM SIMONS, OF WYOMING (ii) strike ‘‘assembled in such country’’ and or his designee, 2 p.m. to 3 p.m. MATTHEW ALEXANDER SPIVAK, OF CALIFORNIA The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without CHERYL S. STEELE, OF FLORIDA insert ‘‘assembled in 1 or more such coun- MARGARET C. SULA, OF TEXAS tries’’. objection, it is so ordered. MARTINA ANNA TKADLEC, OF TEXAS

VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:14 Dec 04, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00072 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 9801 E:\2000SENATE\S11MY0.REC S11MY0 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY May 11, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3929 BRYANT P. TRICK, OF CALIFORNIA To be major general To be colonel THE FOLLOWING-NAMED MEMBERS OF THE FOREIGN BRIG. GEN. CRAIG P. RASMUSSEN, 0000 RONALD J. BUCHHHOLZ, 0000 JA SERVICE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND STATE TO BE CONSULAR OFFICERS AND/OR SECRE- THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT TARIES IN THE DIPLOMATIC SERVICE OF THE UNITED IN THE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE TO THE GRADE INDI- To be lieutenant colonel STATES OF AMERICA, AS INDICATED: CATED WHILE ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE RICHARD N. JOHNSON, 0000 MS CONSULAR OFFICERS AND SECRETARIES IN THE DIP- AND RESPONSIBILITY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION *DAVID MOSS, 0000 DE LOMATIC SERVICE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: 601: MARTHA PULTZ AMLIN, OF CALIFORNIA To be lieutenant general To be major ALEXANDER N. AVE LALLEMANT, OF TEXAS ALEXANDER C. BALAZS, OF VIRGINIA MAJ. GEN. RAYMOND P. HUOT, 0000 *JEAN M. DAVIS, 0000 AN JOHN A. BALLARD, OF VIRGINIA EDWARD BRERETON BESTIC, OF THE DISTRICT OF CO- IN THE ARMY THE FOLLOWING NAMED ARMY NATIONAL GUARD OF LUMBIA THE UNITED STATES OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT MICHELLE MARIE BISKUP, OF ILLINOIS THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE ARMY IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY TO THE GRADE INDICATED SCOTT ALLAN BRANDON, OF VIRGINIA UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 12203 AND 12211: WHILE ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE AND JOHN G. BREEN, OF VIRGINIA RESPONSIBILITY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 601: JASON E. BRUDER, OF NEW YORK To be colonel SHARON LEE CARPER, OF CALIFORNIA To be lieutenant general CHARLES GARDNER CHANDLER IV, OF TEXAS JACK R. CHRISTENSEN, 0000 REID ELLICE CHASE, OF VIRGINIA MAJ. GEN. PETER M. CUVIELLO, 0000 DOUGLAS D. ELIASON, 0000 PETER THOMPSON CHISOLM, OF FLORIDA JAMES B. GASTON, JR., 0000 THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT R. DIANA CLAYTON, OF MARYLAND DENNIS W. HELDENBRAND, 0000 IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY TO THE GRADE INDICATED MATTHEW A. COTTRELL, OF WASHINGTON JAMES A. RYAN, JR., 0000 WHILE ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE AND AMANDA BETH CRONKHITE, OF NEW YORK TERRY W. SALTSMAN, 0000 MONICA LYN CUMMINGS, OF CALIFORNIA RESPONSIBILITY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 601: DANIEL J. TRAVERS, 0000 TRICIA B. CYPHER, OF PENNSYLVANIA To be lieutenant general CHARLES A. DAVIS, OF VIRGINIA IN THE MARINE CORPS CHRISTOPHER K. DERRICK, OF TEXAS MAJ. GEN. TIMOTHY J. MAUDE, 0000 ZUZANA JANA DILLON, OF VIRGINIA THE FOLLOWING NAMED LIMITED DUTY OFFICERS FOR RICHARD C. DONOVAN, OF VIRGINIA THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE DANIELLE D. EL-GHILANI, OF MARYLAND IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY TO THE GRADE INDICATED UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., NATHAN D. FLOOK, OF MARYLAND WHILE ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE AND SECTION 624: DANIEL H. GERSHATOR, OF CALIFORNIA RESPONSIBILITY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 601: LISA CLAIRE GISVOLD, OF OREGON To be lieutenant general To be lieutenant colonel HEATHER GOETHERT, OF VIRGINIA LESLIE M. HAYDEN, OF CALIFORNIA MAJ. GEN. PAUL T. MIKOLASHEK, 0000 DENNIS J. ALLSTON, 0000 DENISE MARIA HAYES, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA MICHAEL A. BOGACZYK, 0000 ROSCOE A. HAYES II, OF WEST VIRGINIA THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT GEORGE I. BROUNTY, 0000 KENT C. HEALY, OF CONNECTICUT IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY TO THE GRADE INDICATED DAVID R. BURCH, 0000 PAUL J. HERMAN, OF NEW YORK WHILE ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE AND PHILLIP D. DURBIN, 0000 JOHN J. HILLMEYER, OF MISSOURI RESPONSIBILITY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 601: JOHN J. FARLEY, 0000 TRACY A. HISER, OF TEXAS To be lieutenant general JOHN T. GERMAIN, 0000 CATHLEEN E. HULL, OF KANSAS CHARLES E. GIRARD, 0000 STEVEN HOWARD HUNSUCKER, OF VIRGINIA MAJ. GEN. ROBERT W. NOONAN, JR., 0000 JEFFREY W. GRAVES, 0000 WILLIAM K. JACKSON, OF UTAH GEORGE H. LAUVE, JR., 0000 THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT CHRISTINA E. JASINSKI, OF VIRGINIA DAVID L. STOKES, 0000 JENIFER JOYCE, OF NEW YORK IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY TO THE GRADE INDICATED WHILE ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE AND CRYSTAL T. KAPLAN, OF VIRGINIA IN THE NAVY LISA DOUGHERTY KENNA, OF VERMONT RESPONSIBILITY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 601: GORDON T. KINGMA, OF VIRGINIA To be lieutenant general THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT NATHANIEL P. LANE, OF CALIFORNIA TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY WALTER W. LUCAS, OF WASHINGTON MAJ. GEN. DANIEL R. ZANINI, 0000 UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: GEOFFREY J. MARTINEAU, OF ILLINOIS IN THE MARINE CORPS DONALD G. MATTINGLEY, OF ARIZONA To be commander ANDREW RAYMOND MC GOWAN, OF FLORIDA THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT CEZARY MENDELIUS, OF VIRGINIA AS ASSISTANT COMMANDANT OF THE MARINE CORPS BRADLEY S. RUSSELL, 0000 RICHARD CHARLES MERRIN, OF CALIFORNIA AND APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED WHILE SUSAN MICHELLE MEYER, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUM- THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE AND RESPON- BIA TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY SARA LILLI MICHAEL, OF CALIFORNIA SIBILITY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 601 AND 5044: UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: TIFFANY ANITA MURPHY, OF WASHINGTON To be general SHANE I. MYERS, OF NEW JERSEY To be captain BRIAN W. NAFZIGER, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA LT. GEN. MICHAEL J. WILLIAMS, 0000 JOHN C. O’BRIEN, OF VIRGINIA ROBERT E. DAVIS, 0000 IN THE NAVY JAMES P. O’DONNELL, OF VIRGINIA THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT MARTIN JUAN LEYERLY OPPUS, OF CALIFORNIA THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY RONALD S. PACKOWITZ, OF ILLINOIS IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY TO THE GRADE INDICATED UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 5721: JOHN L. PARDUE, OF VIRGINIA WHILE ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE AND KATHERINE MOLLOY PEREZ, OF COLORADO RESPONSIBILITY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 601: To be lieutenant commander TIMOTHY C. PHILLIPS, OF CALIFORNIA PEGGY L. PLUNKETT, OF OHIO To be vice admiral LAWRENCE J. CHICK, 0000 BRIAN STEPHEN QUIGLEY, JR., OF VIRGINIA JOHN C. DANKS, 0000 REAR ADM. JAMES W. METZGER, 0000 FORD E. ROBERTSON, OF VIRGINIA DINO S. DELEO, 0000 JOHN A. ROME, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT KENNETH P. DONALDSON, 0000 WILLIAM JOSEPH RYAN, OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY TO THE GRADE INDICATED GARRETT L.M. GARDNER, 0000 KIMBERLEY ANN SCHAEFER, OF VIRGINIA WHILE ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE AND SEAN O. HARDING, 0000 WILLIAM O. SCHMALE, OF VIRGINIA RESPONSIBILITY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 601: CHRISTOPHER M. HENRY, 0000 KARA A. SISSON, OF VIRGINIA JEFFREY T. HEYDON, 0000 TERRY D. STARK, OF TEXAS To be vice admiral ERIC R. HORNING, 0000 TINA D. STIXRUDE, OF DELAWARE DENNIS J. KLEIN, 0000 REAR ADM. MICHAEL G. MULLEN, 0000 TERENCE W. SWEENEY, OF VIRGINIA DANIEL R. LANE, 0000 LARUA F. TEMES, OF CALIFORNIA IN THE ARMY MINH THANH LY, 0000 NIKOLAS M. TRENDOWSKI, OF MICHIGAN BILLY W. NORTON, 0000 SETH H. VAUGHN, OF NEW YORK THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR REGULAR AP- LAWRENCE D. OLLICE, 0000 DOUGLAS HARTZLER WISE, OF VIRGINIA POINTMENT IN THE GRADES INDICATED IN THE UNITED MICHAEL Q. PASQUARETTE, 0000 EILEEN MC DONOUGH WOOD, OF VIRGINIA STATES ARMY AS CHAPLAINS (CH) UNDER TITLE 10, MICHAEL H. PAWLOWSKI, 0000 THE JUDICIARY U.S.C., SECTIONS 531 AND 3064: DARREN R. POORE, 0000 To be colonel GERALD R. PRENDEGAST, 0000 MICHAEL J. REAGAN, OF ILLINOIS, TO BE UNITED KARL F. PRIGGE, 0000 STATES DISTRICT JUDGE FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT PHILIP W. HILL, 0000 CH TIMOTHY E. RIEGLE, 0000 OF ILLINOIS, VICE AN ADDITIONAL POSITION CREATED KEVIN M. ROBINSON, 0000 DECEMBER 10, 1999, PURSUANT TO THE PROVISIONS OF 28 To be lieutenant colonel WALLACE E. SCHLAUDER, 0000 U.S.C. 372(B). JOSEPH F. HANNON, 0000 CH RICHARD T. SHELAR, 0000 GEORGE Z. SINGAL, OF MAINE, TO BE UNITED STATES CAREY J. SIMS, 0000 DISTRICT JUDGE FOR THE DISTRICT OF MAINE, VICE THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT MARK SUCHSLAND, 0000 MORTON A. BRODY, DECEASED. TO THE GRADES INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES JOHN A. WARDEAN, 0000 IN THE AIR FORCE ARMY AND FOR REGULAR APPOINTMENT (IDENTIFIED KIRK A. WEATHERLY, 0000 BY AN ASTERISK (*)) IN THE JUDGE ADVOCATE CORPS PAUL A. WHITESCARVER, 0000 THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT (JA), DENTAL CORPS (DE), MEDICAL SERVICE CORPS THOMAS D. WHYTLAW, 0000 IN THE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE TO THE GRADE INDI- (MS), ARMY NURSE CORPS (AN), UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., MICHAEL L. WILLARD, 0000 CATED UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: SECTIONS 531, 624 AND 3064: JAMES R. WIMMER, 0000

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