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Re Joinder Submitted by the Republic of Uganda
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE CASE CONCERNING ARMED ACTIVITIES ON THE TERRITORY OF THE CONGO DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO v. UGANDA REJOINDER SUBMITTED BY THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA VOLUME 1 6 DECEMBER 2002 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION .................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1 : THE PERSISTENT ANOMALIES IN THE REPLY CONCERNING MATTERS OF PROCEDURE AND EVIDENCE ............................................... 10 A. The Continuing Confusion Relating To Liability (Merits) And Quantum (Compensation) ...................... 10 B. Uganda Reaffirms Her Position That The Court Lacks Coinpetence To Deal With The Events In Kisangani In June 2000 ................................................ 1 1 C. The Courl:'~Finding On The Third Counter-Claim ..... 13 D. The Alleged Admissions By Uganda ........................... 15 E. The Appropriate Standard Of Proof ............................. 15 CHAPTER II: REAFFIRMATION OF UGANDA'S NECESSITY TO ACT IN SELF- DEFENCE ................................................. 2 1 A. The DRC's Admissions Regarding The Threat To Uganda's Security Posed By The ADF ........................ 27 B. The DRC's Admissions Regarding The Threat To Uganda's Security Posed By Sudan ............................. 35 C. The DRC's Admissions Regarding Her Consent To The Presetnce Of Ugandan Troops In Congolese Territory To Address The Threats To Uganda's Security.. ......................................................................4 1 D. The DRC's Failure To Establish That Uganda Intervened -
Towards a More Effective African System of Human Rights: “Entebbe Proposals”
TOWARDS A MORE EFFECTIVE AFRICAN SYSTEM OF HUMAN RIGHTS: “ENTEBBE PROPOSALS” MICHELO HANSUNGULE1 I. INTRODUCTION Since October 1986, protection of human rights in Africa as a region has largely been defined through the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights2. The Charter has been pivotal in influencing the development of regional standards on human rights on the continent. Even though it may not have scored visible successes to show, its role as the principal source of legislation on human rights in Africa cannot be denied. Stemming the tide of human rights violation in the world’s most troubled region may doubtlessly be a tall order for the Charter and its Commission. However, few would deny its normative value. In June 1998, the OAU Assembly of Heads of State and Government once again returned to the drawing board this time to adopt a protocol to introduce an institution that had ominously been forgotten in 1981, namely, the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights.3 Last year in July 2003, the African Union (as the OAU is now known) used the occasion to, amongst other things, adopt a far-reaching Protocol on Women’s Rights.4 Together with the 1990 African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child,5 the Human Rights Charter with its two Protocols constitute the architecture of the African human rights system. The two Protocols have been added simply to amend the Charter and therefore complete the architecture. 1 . Professor of Law, Centre for Human Rights, Faculty of Law, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Visiting Professor, Raoul Wallenberg Institute, University of Lund, Sweden. -
Report on the Implementation of the Oecd Gender Recommendations
Meeting of the OECD Council at Ministerial Level Paris, 7-8 June 2017 REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE OECD GENDER RECOMMENDATIONS Report on the Implementation of the OECD Gender Recommendations - Some Progress on Gender Equality but Much Left to Do TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................. 3 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 10 2. Education ............................................................................................................................................ 15 3. Employment ........................................................................................................................................ 19 4. Entrepreneurship ................................................................................................................................. 38 5. Changing policies, changing minds .................................................................................................... 41 6. Governance for gender equality .......................................................................................................... 50 7. Conclusion .......................................................................................................................................... 57 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................. -
1 the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project DAVID HAMILTON SHINN Interviewed
The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project DAVID HAMILTON SHINN Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial interview date: July 5, 2002 Copyright 2004 A ST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Born and raised in akima, Washington George Washington University Entered Foreign Service - 1964 American Foreign Service Association [AFSA, Beirut, -e.anon - Rotation Officer 1964-1966 0onsular 1ork Environment State Department - FS2 - S1ahili -anguage Training 1966-1963 Nairo.i, 5enya - Political Officer 1963-1968 Seychelles U.S. naval visits 85ikuyu domination9 Environment British Ethnicities North1estern University - African Studies 1968-1969 State Department - East African Affairs 1969-1931 Ethiopia Eritrea State Department - East African Affairs - Tan:ania-Uganda Desk Officer 1931-1932 American assassinated Dar es Salaam, Tan:ania - Political Officer 1932-1934 Relations 1 Economy 0hinese Nouakchott, Mauritania - D0M 1934-1936 Polisario French Environment Seattle, Washington - Pearson Program 1936-19?? Municipal policy planning State Department - State and Municipal Governments -iaison 19??-1981 aounde, 0ameroon - D0M 1981-1983 0had border N?Djamena, 0had - TD - 0harge d?affaires 198? President Ha.re Security Mala.o, Equatorial Guinea aounde, 0ameroon Acontinued) 1981-1983 Am.assador Hume Horan Anglo vs. French relations 5hartoum, Sudan - D0M 1983-1986 USA2D Relations Nimeiri Southern Sudan Neigh.or policies Falasha transit 0oup U.S. interests British Security State Department - Senior Seminar 1986-1983 -
The Politics of Human Rights: Beyond the Abolitionist Paradigm in Africa
Michigan Journal of International Law Volume 17 Issue 3 1996 The Politics of Human Rights: Beyond the Abolitionist Paradigm in Africa Makau wa Mutua Harvard Law School Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjil Part of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, Human Rights Law Commons, and the International Humanitarian Law Commons Recommended Citation Makau w. Mutua, The Politics of Human Rights: Beyond the Abolitionist Paradigm in Africa, 17 MICH. J. INT'L L. 591 (1996). Available at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjil/vol17/iss3/2 This Book Review is brought to you for free and open access by the Michigan Journal of International Law at University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Michigan Journal of International Law by an authorized editor of University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE POLITICS OF HUMAN RIGHTS: BEYOND THE ABOLITIONIST PARADIGM IN AFRICA CLAUDE E. WELCH, PROTECTING HUMAN RIGHTS IN AFRICA: STRATEGIES AND ROLES OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1995. xiii + 356 pp. Reviewed by Makau wa Mutua* INTRODUCTION Over the last decade, the subject of human rights in Africa has become highly topical in the West primarily because of the emphasis placed by the industrial democracies on the postwar formulation of human rights and the universalization of its norms.' Both the United States2 and the European Union3 have built human rights considerations into their foreign policy frameworks. But the stuff of rights animated Africans long before the eruption of this spate of Western interest.4 Struggles against colonial rule and current efforts to democratize the African post-colonial state form the unbroken chain of the quest for just * Associate Director, Human Rights Program, Harvard Law School; S.J.D., Harvard Law School (1987); LL.M., Harvard Law School (1985); LL.M., University of Dar-es-salaam (1984); LL.B., University of Dar-es-salaam (1983). -
The MINT Countries As Emerging Economic Power Bloc: Prospects and Challenges
Developing Country Studies www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-607X (Paper) ISSN 2225-0565 (Online) Vol.4, No.15, 2014 The MINT Countries as Emerging Economic Power Bloc: Prospects and Challenges Adeolu Durotoye, PhD Department of Political Science and International Studies College of Social and Management Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria Email: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract MINT is a new acronym referring to the economies of Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Turkey. The term is being popularized by Jim O'Neill of Goldman Sachs, who had created the term BRIC. The idea is that Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey have very favourable demographics for at least the next 20 years, and their economic prospects are encouraging. Is it likely that these countries would do enough on the economic-policy front to quickly realize that potential? Can they do what is needed to lift the country’s growth rate to double digit? Will they be able to advance infrastructure, increase middle class and rapidly decline poverty rates? Are these MINT countries in a “mint” condition to fulfil expectations of their emergence as economic powerhouses? This paper will rely on existing literatures, newspaper articles as well as World Bank data to achieve its assignment. We will conclude that the MINT countries will have to engage their youth population creatively and productively to be able to actualise their future economic potentials. The paper suggests economic models that will make the favourable demographics an asset. Keywords : MINT Economies, Economic Power bloc, Youth Engagement, Nigeria, Mexico, Turkey, Indonesia 1. -
African Human Rights System Research Guide
ARTHUR W. DIAMOND LAW LIBRARY RESEARCH GUIDES African Human Rights System Research Guide Written by Alice Izumo Last Updated July 1, 2015 What This Guide Covers The purpose of this guide is to facilitate research on the African human rights system, in particular, the main sources of African regional human rights lawtreaties and nontreaty human rights instruments and their interpretation and application by regional and subregional bodies. The African Union (AU) is an intergovernmental organization whose 54 member states comprise all countries in Africa except Morocco. (The AU succeeded the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) in July 2002.) The three primary AU institutions dedicated to human rights are the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights, and the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (“African Children’s Rights Committee”). In addition to the African Uniona regional intergovernmental organizationthere are also a number of subregional intergovernmental organizations created to promote economic integration, of which eight are recognized by the AU Assembly as Regional Economic Communities (RECs), the building blocks (or “pillars”) of a future African Economic Community (AEC). The most significant REC bodies from a human rights law perspective are: the ECOWAS Community Court of Justice, an institution of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS); the East African Court of Justice, of the East African Community (EAC); and the SADC Tribunal, of the Southern African Development Community (SADC). This guide focuses on resources that are readily available to the Columbia University community, including: books and journals in our libraries (in print and digital format); subscriptionbased databases available through our libraries; and free resources on the web. -
ROGE-2017-253 Prof. Bates
The Business and Management Review, Volume 9 Number 1 July 2017 An examination of market entry perspectives in Emerging Markets Marvin O. Bates Department of Marketing, College of Business Lewis University, USA Tom A. Buckles Department of Marketing & Entrepreneurship School of Business & Management Azusa Pacific University, Azusa, CA, USA Key Words Emerging Markets, Entry Strategies, BoP, Base of the Pyramid Abstract This article examines emerging markets from two major perspectives. First the financial growth models typically based on a country’s GDP growth; this financial growth perspective gave rise to seven major definitions of emerging markets: BRICs, CIVETS, MINT, etc. The second perspective is an economic levels perspective based on the World Economic Pyramid; this economic levels perspective resulted in three global categories – the Top, Middle and Base of the Pyramid (BoP) markets. A new market expansion and market entry strategic model is proposed for each of the three World Economic Pyramid levels: Inter-country expansion, Intra-country entry, adjacent market entry, and Opposite market entry approaches. Prahalad’s 4 A’s marketing strategy (Awareness, Affordability, Access and Availability) for the BoP market is discussed, and the requirement for an articulated marketing strategy for the “middle market” is identified. Six operational biases identified by BoP strategic theorists held by MNCs regarding BoP market approaches are identified and discussed. And finally, the BoP strategic theorists identified the need for a BoP marketing focus replacing the traditional 4P marketing approach (i.e., Product, Price, Place and Promotion) with a BoP 4A marketing approach (i.e., Awareness, Affordability, Access and Availability). This article summarizes these recently evolving perspectives and insights to provide a context for future market research in both emerging and BoP markets. -
Lobbying of Canadian Diplomats (2010) of It,” She Says
Canada’s Strategic Resources: Getting the ‘net benefit’ test right—Pages 11-18 EMBASSYCANADA’S FOREIGN POLICY NEWSWEEKLY OTTAWA, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 12, 2011 ISSUE 336 • $3.00 A year later, Haiti remains a riddle wrapped HAITI in an enigma FINDING A WAY Anca Gurzu pages 8-9 early three months after a mas- Nsive earthquake left parts of Haiti in complete devastation, Foreign Affairs Minister Lawrence Cannon stood in front of hundreds of interna- tional delegates at the United Nations in New York speaking about a long- term vision. “While today’s conference is a land- mark event in Haiti’s reconstruction, it LOBBYING should by no means be interpreted as GARY DOER TOP TARGET the end of a process,” he said on March 31. “It is one of the first milestones on page 3 a long road upon which we have just embarked, and Canada is ready to stand by Haiti’s side as long as required.” At the time, with the Afghanistan mission set to wrap up in 2011, many IVORY COAST ‘DE-RECOGNITION’ had expected, if not outright encour- PHOTO: SAM GARCIA aged, the government to make Haiti CATCHES AFRICANS Canada’s next top foreign policy pri- UNAWARES ority. There were many reasons to EMBASSY do so, including geographic proxim- A new hand or chairs on the deck of the Titanic? Prime Minister Stephen Harper started the year off with a mini-Cabinet page 5 shuffle that saw Peter Kent become Canada’s new environment minister and Diane Ablonczy take over as minister of state for ity, the large number of Haitians in the Americas. -
Guide to Material at the LBJ Library Pertaining to Africa
LYNDON BAINES JOHNSON L I B R A R Y & M U S E U M www.lbjlibrary.org Revised December 2009 MATERIAL AT THE JOHNSON LIBRARY PERTAINING TO AFRICA [Note: The following related guides are also available: the Middle East; and Foreign Aid, Food for Peace and Third World Economic Development -- Asia, Africa, and Latin America. The United Arab Republic is not included in this guide. Anyone interested in the U.A.R. should consult the guide on the Middle East.] INTRODUCTION This guide lists the principal files at the Johnson Library that contain material on Africa, but it is not exhaustive. While most of the collections listed in the guide have been processed and are available for research, some files may not yet be available. Researchers should consult the Library’s finding aids to locate additional material and to determine whether specific files are available for research. Some of the finding aids are on the Library’s web site, www.lbjlib.utexas.edu, and others can be sent by mail or electronically. Researchers interested in Africa should also consult the Foreign Relations of the United States. This multi-volume series published by the Office of the Historian of the Department of State presents the official documentary historical record of major foreign policy decisions and diplomatic activity of the United States government. The volumes are available online at the Department of State web site which may be accessed at the “Related Links” button, under the “Research” button on the Johnson Library web site, www.lbjlib.utexas.edu. NATIONAL SECURITY FILE This file was the working file of President Johnson's special assistants for national security affairs, McGeorge Bundy and Walt W. -
Human Rights in Africa, See Also Zeleza (2006:42–43)
The African Union: Concepts and implementation mechanisms relating to human rights The African Union: Concepts and implementation mechanisms relating to human rights Bience Gawanas Introduction This paper focuses on the evolution of human rights within the African Union (AU), starting from the founding of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) in 1963. The paper therefore takes as its basic premise the following: • Since its establishment, the OAU has been preoccupied with human rights, as evidenced by the struggle for the decolonisation of Africa and the right to self-determination and independence. Embodied within this, no doubt, is the fact that those agitating and fighting for independence used human rights standards to justify their struggle, as colonialism had no regard for the human rights of colonised people. • The AU, in contrast to the OAU, made human rights an explicit part of its mandate, as embodied in its Constitutive Act, and mainstreamed human rights in all its activities and programmes. However, it is clear that the current methodologies require strengthening with a view to developing a holistic, comprehensive and integrated approach to ensure that all human rights are respected. • Because it is linked to the above points, the human rights discourse cannot be divorced from its historical context or the prevailing political, social, economic and cultural conditions on the continent – particularly when it is understood that the struggle for human rights and the establishment of a human rights system are products of a concrete social struggle.1 In this regard, human rights are also as much about civil and political rights as they are about economic, social and cultural rights. -
Markets' Globalization and Emerging Economies the Mints Economic
www.ijbcnet.com International Journal of Business and Commerce Vol. 5, No.02: [38-55] (ISSN: 2225-2436) Markets’ Globalization and Emerging Economies The MINTs Economic Growth: Developments and Prospects Prof. Scalera Francesco Corresponding author Lecturer in Strategy and Business Policy and International Management Department of Economics University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Italy P. Amedeo Street 160 -70122, Bari [email protected] PhD. Mag. Todri Ardita Lecturer in Portfolio Risk Management and Econometrics Finance and Accounting Department, Faculty of Economics University of Elbasan”Aleksander Xhuvani”, Albania Former Officers House Elbasan, Albania [email protected] Abstract In a few years’ time, the acronym BRICS has become a real point of reference for all experts and for everyone who is interested in those subjects which are linked to the new emerging economies and to the world competitive dynamics. Even other acronyms and abbreviations coined by different institutional investors, merchant banks and economists were successful. In fact, such terms as “Next Eleven”, “EAGLEs”, “CARBS”, “MIKT” e “E-7” are just some of the most known in the rich dedicated literature. Recently, emerging Countries have suffered a dramatic cut in their investments involving the main industrial sectors and many analysts questioned the firmness of their economic systems over the long period. Though interest and enthusiasm raised by emerging Countries have gradually faded in the mind of investors and multinationals, some of them are still drawing the attention, as it is the case of those Countries known as MINT (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, Turkey), that are showing interesting economic growth rates. These areas share a number of factors that are particularly attractive to the main international investors and are likely to offer, in the next future, plenty of opportunities for development that are presently difficult to be quantified.