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Article (Published Version) Article Downslope re-sedimentation from a short-living carbonate platform: Record from the Upper Triassic Hosselkus limestone (Northern California) FUCELLI, Andréa, GOLDING, Martyn, MARTINI, Rossana Abstract Despite their discontinuous occurrence and poor preservation, knowledge about Triassic carbonates from North America has increased considerably during recent years. Their characterization represents a uniqueway to better assess evolution and recovery of the biosphere after the major Permo-Triassic biological crisis in the Panthalassa Ocean. The Eastern Klamath terrane, located in Northern California, is a key terrane due to its geographic position. It is placed halfway between the terranes of the Canadian Cordillera and the Northern Mexico counterparts, both extensively studied and characterized in recent decades, leaving a gap in knowledge along the Pacific coast of the United States. A few kilometers north-east of Redding, Shasta County, California, Upper Triassic carbonates (i.e., the Hosselkus limestone) crop out as a narrow north–south belt about 20 km long, near the artificial reservoir of Lake Shasta. All the accessible localities in this region have been extensively sampled for microfacies and micropaleontological analysis, leading to new insights about the depositional condition and age of the Hosselkus [...] Reference FUCELLI, Andréa, GOLDING, Martyn, MARTINI, Rossana. Downslope re-sedimentation from a short-living carbonate platform: Record from the Upper Triassic Hosselkus limestone (Northern California). Sedimentary Geology, 2021, vol. 422, no. 105967 DOI : 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2021.105967 Available at: http://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:153791 Disclaimer: layout of this document may differ from the published version. 1 / 1 Sedimentary Geology 422 (2021) 105967 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Sedimentary Geology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/sedgeo Downslope re-sedimentation from a short-living carbonate platform: Record from the Upper Triassic Hosselkus limestone (Northern California) Andrea Fucelli a,⁎, Martyn Golding b, Rossana Martini a a University of Geneva, Department of Earth Sciences, 13 rue des Maraîchers, 1205 Genève, Switzerland b Geological Survey of Canada Geological Survey of Canada, Pacific Division, 1500-605 Robson Street, Vancouver, BC V6B 5J3, Canada article info abstract Article history: Despite their discontinuous occurrence and poor preservation, knowledge about Triassic carbonates from North Received 22 April 2021 America has increased considerably during recent years. Their characterization represents a unique way to better Received in revised form 14 July 2021 assess evolution and recovery of the biosphere after the major Permo-Triassic biological crisis in the Panthalassa Accepted 19 July 2021 Ocean. The Eastern Klamath terrane, located in Northern California, is a key terrane due to its geographic position. Available online 24 July 2021 It is placed halfway between the terranes of the Canadian Cordillera and the Northern Mexico counterparts, both fi Editor: Dr. Brian Jones extensively studied and characterized in recent decades, leaving a gap in knowledge along the Paci c coast of the United States. A few kilometers north-east of Redding, Shasta County, California, Upper Triassic carbonates (i.e., the Hosselkus limestone) crop out as a narrow north–south belt about 20 km long, near the artificial reser- Keywords: voir of Lake Shasta. All the accessible localities in this region have been extensively sampled for microfacies and Upper Triassic micropaleontological analysis, leading to new insights about the depositional condition and age of the Hosselkus Northern California limestone. A depositional model has been proposed for the first time, corresponding to a steep slope system sub- Microfacies jected to platform progradation and collapse, recording shallow water facies and associated fauna in the form of Conodonts calcareous breccia. Numerous conodont specimens have dated the whole succession as Upper Carnian. Identifi- Slope deposits cation of shallow water organisms, associated to a reliable stratigraphic interval, allowed comparison of the Panthalassa Hosselkus limestone with other Upper Triassic carbonates from the Panthalassan domain. Despite the faunal af- finities, especially with buildups developed at middle-paleolatitudes, the Hosselkus limestone is among the oldest of the terrane-based carbonates in Eastern Panthalassa. Thanks to peculiar geodynamical and bathymetri- cal conditions, allowing carbonate deposition slightly earlier than in other terranes, the Hosselkus limestone probably acted like a pioneer reef and may have had a great influence in the further expansion of carbonate buildups in the eastern part of the Panthalassa Ocean. © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 1. Introduction and providing a conspicuous amount of new insights (Stanley, 1979a, 1979b; Blodgett and Stanley, 2008; Chablais et al., 2010b; Rigaud During recent decades, knowledge about Panthalassan carbonates et al., 2010; Martindale et al., 2015; Peybernes et al., 2016a, 2016b; remained far lower with respect to their Tethyan counterparts. This is Heerwagen and Martini, 2018). Within the Eastern Klamath terrane, mostly due to the poor preservation of the rocks and to the lack of any continuous outcrops of Upper Triassic limestone occur in the Lake significant continuity in the outcrops, after their stacking in different Shasta area, offering a rare opportunity to deepen our knowledge tectonic settings (i.e., accretionary complexes and terranes) along the about Panthalassan paleoenvironments in a geographically strategic Circum-Pacific region (Zonneveld et al., 2007; Chablais et al., 2010a; area and to compare the results with other Triassic carbonates scattered Peybernes et al., 2016a, 2016b; Peyrotty et al., 2020a, 2020b). Neverthe- along the Pacificcoast(Silberling and Tozer, 1971; Tozer, 1982; Blodgett less, carbonate rocks remain one of the most valuable tools to constrain and Stanley, 2008; Martindale et al., 2015). The Hosselkus limestone paleogeography and paleoecology of the no longer extant Panthalassa crops out midway between widely studied terranes of North America, Ocean, drawing in recent years the attention of several researchers becoming a linking point for the complete knowledge of the area's tec- tonic and paleoenvironmental evolution. Preservation of these carbon- ates is mediocre and studies carried out in the past mostly focused on ⁎ Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: [email protected] (A. Fucelli), [email protected] macro-fauna description (Diller, 1906; Smith, 1927; Sanborn, 1960; (M. Golding), [email protected] (R. Martini). Albers and Robertson, 1961; Sbeta, 1970; McCormick, 1986). However, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2021.105967 0037-0738/© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). A. Fucelli, M. Golding and R. Martini Sedimentary Geology 422 (2021) 105967 despite the poor preservation, other significant information about depo- underlying Pit Formation is marked by a lithologic transition from sitional environment, hydrodynamic conditions and micropaleontology non-calcareous to calcareous dark beds and it is often hidden by dense can be obtained thanks to precise microfacies description. vegetation. South-east of Gray Rocks, numerous limestone bodies This paper deals with new comprehensive field observations of the emerge from the dense vegetation along the banks of Lake Shasta Hosselkus limestone that, coupled with microfacies analysis, allowed (Fig. 4C, D). North of these locality, sub-vertical outcrops arise sporadi- the recognition of a peculiar depositional setting and the assignment cally up to 20 km away from Gray Rocks, along the North Fork of Squaw of an accurate chronostratigraphic range for limestone deposition. Creek (Fig. 5C, D). They are aligned with the direction of the main crest, These findings, together with the remarkable dataset developed by but with a reduced thickness of 75 m. Ten km south-east of Gray Rocks, the REEFCADE project (Rossana Martini 2007–2022), as well as infor- the Hosselkus limestone crops out in two main quarries along Highway mation from the literature, allowed a comparison between the 299, named Gravel Pit and Bear Gulch quarries (Fig. 5A, B). There we can Hosselkus limestone and other Upper Triassic carbonates formed on dif- observe two limestone domes around 200 m wide, with dubious dip ferent terranes in North America. Thanks to peculiar regional conditions due to the massive nature of the carbonate, but possibly showing the (i.e., bathymetry and the cessation of volcanism), the Hosselkus lime- contact with the overlying Brock Shales. Last, a small outcrop, occurring stone could have acted as foothold for subsequent reef colonization as a lens of a few tens of meters, crops out in Bear Mountain, on the across the eastern portion of the Panthalassa Ocean. south bank of Shasta Lake. This lens turned out to be fundamental in the interpretation of the limestone evolution, thanks to the peculiar fa- 2. Geological setting cies and stratigraphic contacts. Here, the improved preservation of the limestone allowed a precise description of the processes involved in The Hosselkus limestone and the other formations cropping out in Hosselkus limestone deposition,
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