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American Triassic Coiled Nautiloids

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American Triassic Coiled Nautiloids American Triassic Coiled Nautiloids GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 250 1 American Triassic Coiled Nautiloids By BERNHARD KUMMEL GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 250 A study of the classification and evolution of late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic cephalopods, and description of new species UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1953, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Douglas McKay, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. E. Wrather, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Ojffice Washington 25, D. C. - Price $1.25 (paper cover) CONTENTS Page Systematic paleontology—Continued Abstract_ _ _______________________________________ 1 Family Grypoceratidae Hyatt—Continued F'&e Introduction and acknowledgments___-_---_-_-_-_____ 1 Genus Grypoceras Hyatt, 1883— _____________ 48 Occurrence.-.._____________________________________ 2 Subgenus Grypoceras..-....--.- — ______ 53 Middle Rocky Mountains region________________ 2 G. (Grypoceras) milleri, n. sp _________ 53 Nevada__ ___________________________________ 2 G. (Grypoceras) whitneyi (Gabb)______ 53 California. _____________________________________ 3 Subgenus Domatoceras Hyatt, 1891____ _ _ _ _ 54 Canada______________________________________ 3 Subgenus Plummeroceras, n. subgen.______ 54 Alaska ________________________________________ 3 G. (Plummeroceras) plummeri, n. sp___ 54 Mexico ________________________________________ 3 Genus Gryponautilus Mojsisovics, 1902________ 55 South America.________________________________ 3 Gryponautilus cooperi Smith._____________ 56 Classification of late Paleozoic and Triassic nautaloids___ 3 Genus Menuthionautilus Collignon, 1933-__-___ 57 Geologic history.___________________________________ 5 Genus Stenopoceras Hyatt, 1893______________ 57 Evolution__ _ _____________________________________ 7 Genus Stearoceras Hyatt, 1893________________ 58 Systematic paleontology.____________________________ 12 Genus Pselioceras Hyatt, 1883____-_______-___ 58 Family Tainoceratidae Hyatt, 1883_______________ 12 Genus Titanoceras Hyatt, 1884_______________ 59 Phylogeny____ — _______ —— _______________ 12 Family Syringonautilidae Mojsisovics, 1902________ 59 Genus Temnocheilus M'Coy, 1844_____________ 17 Phylogeny__ _____-___-_______----_-_--_-_-_ 59 Genus Foordiceras Hyatt, 1893_______________ 17 Genus Syringonautilus Mojsisovics, 1902_______ 60 Genus Metacoceras Hyatt, 1883.._____________ 19 Genus Syringoceras Hyatt, 1894______________ 60 Subgenus Mojsvaroceras Hyatt, 1883______ 21 Syringoceras spurri Smith._______________ 63 M. (Mojsvaroceras) turneri Hyatt and Genus Juvavionautilus Mojsisovics, 1902_______ 63 Smith. _ _____________________ 23 Genus Oxynautilus Mojsisovics, 1902__________ 63 M. (Mojsvaroceras) frenchi, n. sp_ _ _ _ _ 23 Genus Clymenonautilus Hyatt, 1900___________ 65 Genus Parametacoceras Miller and Owen, 1934_ 24 Family Paranautilidae Kummel, 1950_____________ 65 Genus Tainoceras Hyatt, 1883______________ 24 Phylogeny-___._____________--_--_-_____--_ 66 Genus Cooperoceras Miller, 1945. _____________ 26 Genus Paranautilus Mojsisovics, 1902_________ 67 Genus Tainionautilus Mojsisovies, 1902______ 26 Paranautilus multicameratus (Gabb)______ 71 Genus Tirolonautilus Mojsisovics, 1902________ 27 Paranautilus smithi, n. sp_ ___----_-__---_ 71 Genus Aulametacoceras Miller and Unklesbay, Paranautilus sp_ — ______________________ 72 1942. ____________________________________ 27 Genus Indonautilus Mojsisovics, 1902.____ 72 Genus Germanonautilus Mojsisovics, 1902______ 28 Genus Sibyllonautilus Diener, 1915._______ 73 Germanonautilus brooksi Smith__________ 29 Sibyllonautilus fergusoni, n. sp________ 74 Germanonautilus furlongi Smith-__________ 29 Sibyllonautilis liardensis (Whiteaves) _ _ 75 Germanonautilus johnstoni, n. sp__________ 30 Family Clydonautilidae Hyatt, l900__--___--_--_- 75 Germanonautilus montpelierensis, n. sp___._ 30 Phylogeny _________ —— __-________-_-__-___ 77 Germanonautilus spp. (of Nevada)________ 31 Genus Styrionautilus Mojsisevics, 1902._______ 80 Germanonaulilus spp. (of Alaska)_________ 31 Styrionautilus sp_----__-_______—______ 80 Genus Thuringionautilus Mojsisovics, 1902_____ 32 Genus Proclydonautilus. _____________________ 80 Proclydonautilis triadicus Mojsisovics______ 81 Genus Pleuronautilus Mojsisovics, 1882________ 33 Proclydonautilus spirolobus (Dittmar)____ 82 Subgenus Pleuronautilus ss_______________ 34 Proclydonautilus stantoni Smith.__________ 82 P. (Pleuronautilus} alaskensis, n. sp___ 34 Proclydonautilus ursensis Smith.__________ 83 P. (Pleuronautilus) idahoensis, n. sp___ 37 Proclydonautilus hessi (Smith)______._^___ 83 P. (Pleuronautilus) sp. (of Idaho)_____ 38 Proclydonautilus squawensis, n. sp_________ 83 P. (Pleuronautilus) sp. (of Montana) __ 39 Proclydonautilus natosini McLearn_ _______ 84 Subgenus Enoploceras Hyatt, 1900._______ 39 Genus Cosmonautilus Hyatt and Smith, 1905___ 84 P. (Enoploceras) newelli, n. sp ________ 41 Co&monautilus dilleri Hyatt and Smith-___ 85 Subgenus Holconautilus Mojsisovics, 1902__ 42 Cosmonautilus pacificus Smith.___________ 85 Subgenus Encoiloceras Hyatt, 1900______ 42 Cosmonautilus shastensis Smith.__________ 86 Cosmonautilus hersheyi Smith___________ 87 Subgenus Anoploceras Hyatt, 1900_.______ 43 Genus Callaionautilus Kieslinger, 1924_______ 87 Subgenus Trachynautilus Mojsisovics, 1902_ 44 Genus Clydonautilus Mojsisovics, 1882__"_____ 88 Genus Phloioceras Hyatt, 1883_--_______.____ 44 Family Gonionautilidae Kummel, 1950____________ 89 Phloioceras sp__________________________ 44 Genus Gonionautihis Mojsisovics, 1902________ 89 Family Grypoceratidae Hyatt, 1900_____________ 45 Bibliography. ______________________________________ 89 Phylogeny_ ________________________________ 47 Index.____________________________________________ 95 m IV CONTENTS ILLUSTRATIONS [Plates 1-19 follow index] PLATE 1. Temnocheilus and Metacoceras. PLATE 11. Proclydonautilus. 2. Metacoceras (Mojsvaroceras). 12. Cosmonautilus. 3. Germanonautilus. 13. Cosmonautilus. 4. Pleuronautilus, P. (Enoploceras), Phloioceras, M. 14. Cosmonautilus, Paranautilus, and Sibyllonautilus. (Mojsvaroceras), Paranautilus. 15. Cosmonautilus, Proclydonautilus, and Styrionautilus. 5. Grypoceras (Grypoceras) and G. (Plummeroceras). 16. Cosmonautilus. 6. Grypoceras (Grypoceras). 17. Pleuronautilus (Anoploceras), P. (Holconautilus), 7. Gryponautilus, Syringoceras, Clymenonautilus, and Phloioceras, P. (Trachynautilus), P. (Enioiloceras) . Proclydonautilus. 18. Juvavionautilus, Syringonautilus, Syringoceras, Styrio- 8. Proclydonautilus, Paranautilus, and Sibyllonautilus. nautilus, Indonautilus. 9. Proclydonautilus. 19. Oxynautilus, Tainionautilus, Gonionautiluz, Callaio- 10. Proclydonautilus and Cosmonautilus. nautilus. Page Page FIGURE 1. Bar chart of number of nautiloid genera per FIGURE 22. Range chart of the Grypoceratidae________ 47 period_ _ _____________________________ 6 23. Pselioceras, Stenopoceras, Menuthionautilus, 2. Bar chart of number of species of Triassic and G. (Domatoceras) __________________ 49 nautiloids per epoch___-_-_-_-______..____ 7 24. Grypoceras (Grypoceras) __________________ 50 3. Bar chart of number of genera of Triassic 25. Gryponautilus, Titanoceras, and Stearocerds _ _ 52 nautiloids per epoch-__________________ 7 26. Grypoceras (Grypoceras) milleri n. sp_______ 53 4. Phylogeny of late Paleozoic and Triassic coiled 27. Grypoceras (Plummeroceras) plummeri n. sn__ 56 nautiloids- _____________________________ 28. Menuthionautilus kieslingeri Collignon_ ______ 57 5. Phylogeny of the Tainoceratidae____ _______ 14 29. Range chart of the Syringonautilidae._______ 59 6. Range chart of the Tainoceratidae._________ 15 30. Syringoceras and Syringonautilus- ___________ 62 7. Tainionautilus, Foordiceras, Aulametacoceras, 31. Syringoceras spurri Smith_________________ 63 Tainoceras, Cooperoceras, Tirol'onautilus, 32. Oxynautilus, Juvavionautilus, Syringonautilus, Metacoceras, and Temnocheilus_________.„ 16 and Clymenonautilus- _______-______--_-- 64 8. Temnocheilus latus (Meek and Worthen) __ _ _ _ 17 33. Phylogeny of Paranautilidae, Clydonautilidae, 9. Germanonautilus and Metacoceras (Mojsvaro­ and Gonionautilidae_____-__________-__- 67 ceras) _-_______-__---________-__-______ 22 10. Metacoceras (Mojsvaroceras) turneri Hyatt and 34. Range chart of the Paranautilidae, Clydonau­ Smith——— — ———— — — —— — — — ——— 23 tilidae, and Gonionautilidae______________ 68 11. Metacoceras (Mojsvaroceras) frenchi n. sp_____ 23 35. Liroceras, Paranautilus, Sibyllonautilus, and 12. Germanonautilus furlongi Smith___________ 29 Indonautilus _________-_________-__----- 70 13. Germanonautilus johnstonin. sp_____________ 30 36. Paranautilus smithi n. sp__________________ 72 14. Germanonautilus montpelierensis n. sp_______ 30 37. Sibyllonautilus fergusoni n. sp______________ 75 15. Thuringionautilus jugatonodosus (Zimmer- 38. Clydonautilus, Gonionautilus, and Sty^io- mann) _________________________________ 32 nautilus- ____________-___-_-_______-_-- 76 16. Pleuronautilus, P. (Encoiloceras), P. (Trachy­ 39. Styrionautilus sp_-_-__-_-___-_-_---_-_--_- 77 nautilus) , and Phloioceras, _______________ 35 40. Proclydonautilus- _________-___-_______-_-- 78 17. Pleuronautilus idahoensis n. sp___________ 37 41. Paranautilus, Styrionautilus, Proclydonautilus, 18. P. (Holconautilus) and P. (Enoploceras).---, 40 19. P. (Enoploceras) newelli n. sp_______________ 41 Callaionautilus, Cosmonautilus, and Clydo­ 20. Phloioceras sp---------------------------- 45 nautilus- ------------------------------
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