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Geology and Ore Deposits of East Shasta Copper-Zinc District Shasta County, California

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Geology and Ore Deposits of East Shasta Copper-Zinc District Shasta County, California Geology and Ore Deposits of East Shasta Copper-Zinc District Shasta County, California GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 338 Prepared in cooperation 'with the State of California^ Department of Natural Resources , Division of Mines Geology and Ore Deposits of East Shasta Copper-Zinc District Shasta County, California By JOHN P. ALBERS and JACQUES F. ROBERTSON GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 338 Prepared in cooperation with the State of California^ Department of Natural Resources^ Division of Mines UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1961 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FRED A. SEATON, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director The U.S. Geological Survey Library catalog card for this publication appears after page 107. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D.C. CONTENTS Page Page Abstract.._________________________________________ 1 General geology and geologic history Continued Introduction.______________________________________ 4 Sedimentary and volcanic rocks Continued Location and accessibility________________________ 4 Bully Hill rhyolite. _____ __ - 30 Topography _ _________________________________ 4 Porphyritic quartz keratophyre ___ 31 Climate and vegetation__________________________ 4 Nonporphy ritic quartz keratophyre ___ 31 Previous work in district_______________________ 6 Fragmental quartz keratophyre __ 32 Purpose of this report and methods of investigation. _ 6 Columnar structure_____________---- 33 Fieldwork and acknowledgments________________ 6 Vermicular intergrowths of quartz and General geology and geologic history__________________ 7 34 Sedimentary and volcanic deposits._______________ 10 Pit formation. _____ _______ _______ 35 Copley greenstone._________________________ 10 Shale, mudstone, and siltstone ________ 36 Nonf ragmental mafic lava _______________ 11 Pyroclastic rocks____________-_-----_-_- 36 Block lava_____________________________ 11 Lava flows______---_____-_ ___________ 37 Pyroclastic rocks _______________________ 11 Limestone. _-_--____-_---_-----_-_-_-_- 37 Balaklala rhyolite_________________________ 12 Hosselkus limestone_-_---__-__--._---__---_- 38 Nonf ragmental quartz keratophyre______ 13 Intrusive rocks____---_-_-_-_------- _________ 38 Block lava.____________________________ 13 Pit River stock __________ 38 Volcanic breccia._______________________ 13 Location and relation to adjacent rocks _ 38 Tuff and tuff breccia_______________ 13 Granodiorite ___________________________ 39 Kennett formation..._______________________ 14 Hornblende quartz diorite ___________ 39 Dark-gray siliceous shale ________________ 14 Albite granite__________--_-_____ ____ 40 Pyroclastic rocks and tuffaceous sandstone. 14 Contact effects___-______-_-___-_ __ 40 Fossiliferous shale_____________________ 15 Quartz diorite surrounding the McCloud lime­ Limestone.____________________________ 15 stone..---- --------------------------- - 41 Bragdon formation_______________________ 16 Fine-grained mafic quartz diorite ________ 41 Shale and mudstone_________________ 16 Medium-grained augite quartz diorite- _ _ _ 41 Siltstone and sandstone________________ 17 Dikes. __________ --____. 42 Conglomerate. _________________________ 17 Fine-grained quartz diorite, diorite, and Tuff and volcanic breccia._______________ 17 metadiabase_ ___________________ ___ 42 Medium-grained quartz diorite and grano- Baird formation ____________________________ 18 diorite__ _________________________ 42 Pyroclastic rocks _______________________ 18 Metadiabase. __________________________ 42 Tuffaceous sandstone__________________ 19 Dacite porphyry _____________________ 43 Mudstone____________________________ 19 Aplite ____ ----- __ ____-_ -__-. __ 43 Limestone and chert.___________________ 20 Rock alteration __ _________________________________ 43 Greenstone and breccia in upper part of Dynamic metamorphism _ ______________________ 43 Baird_ ______________________________ 20 Igneous metamorphism____-_ ____________________ 44 McCloud limestone.________________________ 21 Thermal metamorphism adjacent to intrusive Limestone.____________________________ 22 bodies. _ _________________________________ 44 Chert_______________________ 23 Contact metasomatism adjacent to intrusive Nosoni formation.__________________________ 24 44 Mudstone and tuffaceous mudstone_______ 25 Hydrothermal metamorphism- ___________________ 44 Tuff and tuffaceous sandstone.___________ 25 Albitization___ _____________________________ 45 Mafic lava and tuff breccia_____________ 25 Evidence for widespread metasomatic albi- Conglomerate. _________________________ 25 tization _ ________________________ _ _ 45 Dekkas andesite.___________________________ 26 Time of albitization_____________________ 49 Keratophyre and spilite_________________ 27 Nature and source of the albitizing fluids. _ _ 49 Intrusive spilite________________________ 28 Chloritization. _____________________________ 50 Quartz keratophyre_____________________ 28 Hydrous mica alteration.. __________________ 51 Pyroclastic rocks_______________________ 28 Silicification __ ____________________ _ ______ 51 Mudstone___________________________ 29 Calcitization. __________________________ _ _ 52 IV CONTENTS Page Page Structure.____________________________.____ 53 Ore deposits Continued General features.________________________ 53 Contact metasomatic magnetite deposits,_ ___ 80 Age of deformation.___________________ 53 Quartz veins____ -- _- 80 Folds____________________________ 53 Descriptions of mines and prospects ________________ 80 Northeastward-trending folds ______ __ ______ 53 Afterthought mine __ _ 80 O'Brien Mountain anticline._____________ 53 Location and ownership-__ __ 80 Small folds that trend northeastward____ 54 History and production 80 Possible syncline marked by outcrop pat­ Geology______ ___ - - 82 tern of the Pit formation_»________ 54 Bully Hill rhyolite_______________ 82 Northwestward-trending folds________________ 54 Pit formation..._______ ___ 83 Cross folds______________________________ 55 Alteration...- ______ __ 83 Cleavage and schistosity____________________ 55 Structure. ___--__---------_- - 84 Lineation_________ _______________ 56 Sulfide deposits _______________________ _ 86 Age relation of northeast and northwest folding___ 56 Asher prospect.----------------- -_--------- 88 Faults___________________________ 56 Prospects in the Brushy Canyon area____ 88 General features__________________________ 56 Bully Hill and Rising Star mines____ 88 Distribution and orientation _________________ 57 Location and ownership.________ ___ 88 Types of faults_________________________ 57 History and production __________ 88 Low-angle thrust faults______________ 57 General geology.-- 90 McCloud fault___ _ ____________ 57 Bully Hill rhyolite_______ ___ 90 High-angle strike faults______________ 61 Porphyritic quartz keratophyre flows Afterthought area____________ 61 and breccia___ _____ _____ ___ 91 Central part of area_______________ 61 Quartz keratophyre crystal-lithic tuff 91 Strike faults in the McCloud lime­ Metadacite tuff and breccia______ 91 stone___________________ 61 Feldspathic quartz keratophyre 92 High-angle transverse faults_________ 62 Pit formation... 92 Packers Gulch fault___________ 62 Meta-andesite tuff 93 Shear zones.__________________________ 62 Metadacite and quartz keratophyre Summary of deformation.____________________ 62 tuffs_________ . 93 Postorogenic history______________________________ 63 Mudstone and siltstone __ 93 Tuscan formation _ _ __________ 63 Intrusive rocks. ___ 93 General character and distribution. _ _____ _ 63 Metadiabase. _ ____ 93 Topographic expression_________________ 63 Structure. _ - _____ 94 Lithology and petrography ______ 63 Folds__ _ - - 94 Age_. _ _____ 64 Shear zones and faults. 94 Pre-Tuscan topography _. _________ 64 Bully Hill shear zone and Contact Basalt flows ___ 64 fault zone. 94 Petrography and age _________ __ 65 Shear zones in the Rising Star mine Dark-gray fine-grained basalt.___ ___ 65 area 95 Hypersthene-augite basalt.__________ 65 Rock alteration __ ... 96 Diabase. _____ ____________ 65 Silicification 96 Unconsolidated deposits._ _______ ______ 65 Pyritization. ___ . 97 Physiography. __ _____ 65 Hydrous mica alteration ____ ______ _ 97 Weathering. _____ ____________ 67 Sulfatization__ 97 Ore deposits _______________________ ... ..._ 67 Ore deposits. __________ 98 General features...-.__________________ 67 General features_ _____ 98 History of mining ___________________________ 68 Deposits in the Bully Hill mine _ 99 Production. _________________________ 68 Deposits in the Rising Star mine 99 Massive sulfide deposits.______________________ 69 Cook prospect 100 General features___________________ 69 Copper City mine area__ 100 Mineralogy and grade of ore_______________ 70 Cowboy (Abe Lincoln) prospect-____ -- 100 Minor elements in the sulfide ores__________ 71 Donkey mine________________________ ___ 101 Structural control_________________ 72 Old Indian (F. J. Ward) prospect 101 Rock alteration and paragenesis_____________ 73 Shasta May Blossom prospect _ __________ __ 101 Oxidation and enrichment._____________ 76 Sugarloaf prospect 102 Origin __ __. 76 Selected bibliography.._________ 102 Suggestions for prospecting...._ ______ 78 Index__________... ________ ----- - 105 CONTENTS ILLUSTRATIONS [Plates 1-16 are in plate volume] PLATE 1. Geologic map and sections of the East Shasta copper-zinc district, Shasta County, Calif. 2. Map showing structural
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