Biodiesel from Algae
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Analysis of Land Suitable for Algae Production State of Hawaii
Analysis of Land Suitable for Algae Production State of Hawaii Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability Under Award No. DE-FC26-06NT42847 Hawai‘i Distributed Energy Resource Technologies for Energy Security Subtask 12.1 Deliverable (item 1) Report on Bioenergy Analyses By the Hawai‘i Natural Energy Institute School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology University of Hawai‘i August 2011 Acknowledgement: This material is based upon work supported by the United States Department of Energy under Award Number DE-FC-06NT42847. Disclaimer: This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference here in to any specific commercial product, process, or service by tradename, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. ii Analysis of Land Suitable for Algae Production State of Hawaii Prepared by Mele Chillingworth Scott Q. Turn Hawaii Natural Energy Institute School of Ocean and Earth Sciences and Technology University of Hawaii at Manoa August 2011 Executive Summary Algae are considered to be a viable crop for biofuel production because of their projected high productivity rates, their ability to grow in a wide range of water qualities, and their potential for cultivation on land unsuitable for food production. -
Investigating the Effects of Growth Medium and Light Sources on the Growth of Botryococcus Braunii
Investigating the Effects of Growth Medium and Light Sources on the Growth of Botryococcus Braunii Ayse Busra Sengul, [email protected] Muhammad Mustafizur Rahman, [email protected] Eylem Asmatulu, [email protected] Department of Mechanical Engineering Wichita State University 1845 Fairmount St., Wichita, KS 67260, USA ABSTRACT emission can be reduced by developing renewable and sustainable energy sources which will also protect the In the present study, the effect of medium and light natural resources, such as water, soil and air. Liquid source on the growth of B. braunii was investigated for transportation fuels reason the one third of the fossil-fuel large-scale and economical production of biomass and carbon emissions footprint [1]. Biofuel can be a key hydrocarbons. Three types of media and light sources solution for all these challenges. Biodiesel is an alternative were used with incubation temperature of 23±2°C under fuel which can be produced from domestic renewable different light source with a 12h-light/12h-dark cycle to energy resources. It can also be used in diesel engines with observe different growth rates. The growth rate of B. small or no modification. Biodiesel is nontoxic and free of braunii was measured via ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) sulfur, and can be blended at any level with petroleum spectrophotometry and biomass dry weight. The results of diesel to produce a biodiesel mixture [3]. this study showed the maximum growth rate was Algae are photosynthetic and heterotrophic organisms reached after approximately three weeks of incubation and has huge potential as a biofuel source. They have the and then was followed by the stationary phase. -
28-Protistsf20r.Ppt [Compatibility Mode]
9/3/20 Ch 28: The Protists (a.k.a. Protoctists) (meet these in more detail in your book and lab) 1 Protists invent: eukaryotic cells size complexity Remember: 1°(primary) endosymbiosis? -> mitochondrion -> chloroplast genome unicellular -> multicellular 2 1 9/3/20 For chloroplasts 2° (secondary) happened (more complicated) {3°(tertiary) happened too} 3 4 Eukaryotic “supergroups” (SG; between K and P) 4 2 9/3/20 Protists invent sex: meiosis and fertilization -> 3 Life Cycles/Histories (Fig 13.6) Spores and some protists (Humans do this one) 5 “Algae” Group PS Pigments Euglenoids chl a & b (& carotenoids) Dinoflagellates chl a & c (usually) (& carotenoids) Diatoms chl a & c (& carotenoids) Xanthophytes chl a & c (& carotenoids) Chrysophytes chl a & c (& carotenoids) Coccolithophorids chl a & c (& carotenoids) Browns chl a & c (& carotenoids) Reds chl a, phycobilins (& carotenoids) Greens chl a & b (& carotenoids) (more groups exist) 6 3 9/3/20 Name word roots (indicate nutrition) “algae” (-phyt-) protozoa (no consistent word ending) “fungal-like” (-myc-) Ecological terms plankton phytoplankton zooplankton 7 SG: Excavata/Excavates “excavated” feeding groove some have reduced mitochondria (e.g.: mitosomes, hydrogenosomes) 8 4 9/3/20 SG: Excavata O: Diplomonads: †Giardia Cl: Parabasalids: Trichonympha (bk only) †Trichomonas P: Euglenophyta/zoa C: Kinetoplastids = trypanosomes/hemoflagellates: †Trypanosoma C: Euglenids: Euglena 9 SG: “SAR” clade: Clade Alveolates cell membrane 10 5 9/3/20 SG: “SAR” clade: Clade Alveolates P: Dinoflagellata/Pyrrophyta: -
Sex Is a Ubiquitous, Ancient, and Inherent Attribute of Eukaryotic Life
PAPER Sex is a ubiquitous, ancient, and inherent attribute of COLLOQUIUM eukaryotic life Dave Speijera,1, Julius Lukešb,c, and Marek Eliášd,1 aDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; bInstitute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 Ceské Budejovice, Czech Republic; cCanadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1Z8; and dDepartment of Biology and Ecology, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic Edited by John C. Avise, University of California, Irvine, CA, and approved April 8, 2015 (received for review February 14, 2015) Sexual reproduction and clonality in eukaryotes are mostly Sex in Eukaryotic Microorganisms: More Voyeurs Needed seen as exclusive, the latter being rather exceptional. This view Whereas absence of sex is considered as something scandalous for might be biased by focusing almost exclusively on metazoans. a zoologist, scientists studying protists, which represent the ma- We analyze and discuss reproduction in the context of extant jority of extant eukaryotic diversity (2), are much more ready to eukaryotic diversity, paying special attention to protists. We accept that a particular eukaryotic group has not shown any evi- present results of phylogenetically extended searches for ho- dence of sexual processes. Although sex is very well documented mologs of two proteins functioning in cell and nuclear fusion, in many protist groups, and members of some taxa, such as ciliates respectively (HAP2 and GEX1), providing indirect evidence for (Alveolata), diatoms (Stramenopiles), or green algae (Chlor- these processes in several eukaryotic lineages where sex has oplastida), even serve as models to study various aspects of sex- – not been observed yet. -
Ecology of Oceanic Coccolithophores. I. Nutritional Preferences of the Two Stages in the Life Cycle of Coccolithus Braarudii and Calcidiscus Leptoporus
AQUATIC MICROBIAL ECOLOGY Vol. 44: 291–301, 2006 Published October 10 Aquat Microb Ecol Ecology of oceanic coccolithophores. I. Nutritional preferences of the two stages in the life cycle of Coccolithus braarudii and Calcidiscus leptoporus Aude Houdan, Ian Probert, Céline Zatylny, Benoît Véron*, Chantal Billard Laboratoire de Biologie et Biotechnologies Marines, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France ABSTRACT: Coccolithus braarudii and Calcidiscus leptoporus are 2 coccolithophores (Prymnesio- phyceae: Haptophyta) known to possess a complex heteromorphic life cycle, with alternation between a motile holococcolith-bearing haploid stage and a non-motile heterococcolith-bearing diploid stage. The ecological implications of this type of life cycle in coccolithophores are currently poorly known. The nutritional preferences of each stage of both species, and their growth response to conditions of turbulence were investigated by varying their growth conditions. Of the different cul- ture media tested, only the synthetic seawater medium did not support the growth of both stages of C. braarudii and C. leptoporus. With natural seawater-based media, the growth rate of the haploid phase of both coccolithophores was stimulated by the addition of soil extract (K/2: 0.23 ± 0.02 d–1 and K/2 with soil extract 0.35 ± 0.01 d–1 for the C. braarudii haploid stage), while the diploid phase was not, indicating that the motile stage is capable of utilizing compounds present in soil extract or ingest- ing bacteria that are activated in enriched media. The addition of sodium acetate to the medium also stimulated the haploid phase of C. -
University of Oklahoma
UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE MACRONUTRIENTS SHAPE MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES, GENE EXPRESSION AND PROTEIN EVOLUTION A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By JOSHUA THOMAS COOPER Norman, Oklahoma 2017 MACRONUTRIENTS SHAPE MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES, GENE EXPRESSION AND PROTEIN EVOLUTION A DISSERTATION APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY AND PLANT BIOLOGY BY ______________________________ Dr. Boris Wawrik, Chair ______________________________ Dr. J. Phil Gibson ______________________________ Dr. Anne K. Dunn ______________________________ Dr. John Paul Masly ______________________________ Dr. K. David Hambright ii © Copyright by JOSHUA THOMAS COOPER 2017 All Rights Reserved. iii Acknowledgments I would like to thank my two advisors Dr. Boris Wawrik and Dr. J. Phil Gibson for helping me become a better scientist and better educator. I would also like to thank my committee members Dr. Anne K. Dunn, Dr. K. David Hambright, and Dr. J.P. Masly for providing valuable inputs that lead me to carefully consider my research questions. I would also like to thank Dr. J.P. Masly for the opportunity to coauthor a book chapter on the speciation of diatoms. It is still such a privilege that you believed in me and my crazy diatom ideas to form a concise chapter in addition to learn your style of writing has been a benefit to my professional development. I’m also thankful for my first undergraduate research mentor, Dr. Miriam Steinitz-Kannan, now retired from Northern Kentucky University, who was the first to show the amazing wonders of pond scum. Who knew that studying diatoms and algae as an undergraduate would lead me all the way to a Ph.D. -
Phylogenetic Placement of Botryococcus Braunii (Trebouxiophyceae) and Botryococcus Sudeticus Isolate Utex 2629 (Chlorophyceae)1
J. Phycol. 40, 412–423 (2004) r 2004 Phycological Society of America DOI: 10.1046/j.1529-8817.2004.03173.x PHYLOGENETIC PLACEMENT OF BOTRYOCOCCUS BRAUNII (TREBOUXIOPHYCEAE) AND BOTRYOCOCCUS SUDETICUS ISOLATE UTEX 2629 (CHLOROPHYCEAE)1 Hoda H. Senousy, Gordon W. Beakes, and Ethan Hack2 School of Biology, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK The phylogenetic placement of four isolates of a potential source of renewable energy in the form of Botryococcus braunii Ku¨tzing and of Botryococcus hydrocarbon fuels (Metzger et al. 1991, Metzger and sudeticus Lemmermann isolate UTEX 2629 was Largeau 1999, Banerjee et al. 2002). The best known investigated using sequences of the nuclear small species is Botryococcus braunii Ku¨tzing. This organism subunit (18S) rRNA gene. The B. braunii isolates has a worldwide distribution in fresh and brackish represent the A (two isolates), B, and L chemical water and is occasionally found in salt water. Although races. One isolate of B. braunii (CCAP 807/1; A race) it grows relatively slowly, it sometimes forms massive has a group I intron at Escherichia coli position 1046 blooms (Metzger et al. 1991, Tyson 1995). Botryococcus and isolate UTEX 2629 has group I introns at E. coli braunii strains differ in the hydrocarbons that they positions 516 and 1512. The rRNA sequences were accumulate, and they have been classified into three aligned with 53 previously reported rRNA se- chemical races, called A, B, and L. Strains in the A race quences from members of the Chlorophyta, includ- accumulate alkadienes; strains in the B race accumulate ing one reported for B. -
Safety Assessment of Red Algae-Derived Ingredients As Used in Cosmetics
Safety Assessment of Red Algae-Derived Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics Status: Draft Report for Panel Review Release Date: August 21, 2020 Panel Meeting Date: September 14 – 15, 2020 The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety members are: Chair, Wilma F. Bergfeld, M.D., F.A.C.P.; Donald V. Belsito, M.D.; Curtis D. Klaassen, Ph.D.; Daniel C. Liebler, Ph.D.; James G. Marks, Jr., M.D.; Lisa A. Peterson, Ph.D.; Ronald C. Shank, Ph.D.; Thomas J. Slaga, Ph.D.; and Paul W. Snyder, D.V.M., Ph.D. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Executive Director is Bart Heldreth, Ph.D. This safety assessment was prepared by Priya Cherian, Scientific Analyst/Writer, CIR. © Cosmetic Ingredient Review 1620 L Street, NW, Suite 1200 ♢ Washington, DC 20036-4702 ♢ ph 202.331.0651 ♢ fax 202.331.0088 ♢ [email protected] Algal diversity and application. Rex L. Lowe Bowling Green State University Presentation Roadmap What are these things called algae? Species diversity & properties Ecosystem services, Ecosystem hazards Algal communities might look homogeneous but are very complex A stone this size may contain hundreds of species in a very complex community. A complex community of epilithic algae A complex community of epiphytic algae on Cladophora Ra = Rhoicosphenia abbreviata Esp = Epithemia sp. Es = Epithemia sorex Am = Achnanthidium minutissimum Cp = Cocconeis pediculus Cpl = Cocconeis placentula C = Cladophora What are algae? Algos = Latin seaweed Phycos = Greek seaweed ♦Thalloid organisms bearing chlorophyll a, lacking multicellular gametangia and their colorless relatives. ♦Morphologically diverse: ♦Prokaryotes, mesokaryotes, eukaryotes ♦Largest to smallest phototrophs (0.5µm-220 m) ♦Physiologically diverse: autotrophs, facultative heterotrophs, obligate heterotrophs (molecules or particles), parasites). -
Studies in Organic Geochemistry"
A Thesis entitled "STUDIES IN ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY" submitted to the UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW in part fulfilment of the requirements for admittance to the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Faculty of Science by JAMES RANKIN MAXWELL, B.Sc. Chemistry Department April, 1967 ProQuest Number: 11011805 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 11011805 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 To t:vv rorontn , v/if^ and dna^ktor, I wish to express my gratitude to Drs. G.Eglinton and J.D, Loudon for their close interest and guidance throughout the work of this thesis. My appreciation is also due to Dr. A.G, Douglas, whose assistance at all times proved to he invaluable. I would also like to thank Miss F. Greene and Miss T.Devit for technical assistance, my colleagues of the Organic Geochemistry Unit and Dr. A, McCormick for their advice and help, Mr, J.M.L. Cameron and his staff for the micro-analyses, Mrs. F. Lawrie and Miss A. -
A New Dawn for Industrial Photosynthesis
A New Dawn for Industrial Photosynthesis The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Robertson, Dan E., Stuart A. Jacobson, Frederick Morgan, David Berry, George M. Church, and Noubar B. Afeyan. 2011. A new dawn for industrial photosynthesis. Photosynthesis Research 107(3): 269-277. Published Version doi://10.1007/s11120-011-9631-7 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:5130453 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Photosynth Res (2011) 107:269–277 DOI 10.1007/s11120-011-9631-7 REGULAR PAPER A new dawn for industrial photosynthesis Dan E. Robertson • Stuart A. Jacobson • Frederick Morgan • David Berry • George M. Church • Noubar B. Afeyan Received: 5 October 2010 / Accepted: 26 January 2011 / Published online: 13 February 2011 Ó The Author(s) 2011. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Several emerging technologies are aiming to conversion. This analysis addresses solar capture and meet renewable fuel standards, mitigate greenhouse gas conversion efficiencies and introduces a unique systems emissions, and provide viable alternatives to fossil fuels. approach, enabled by advances in strain engineering, Direct conversion of solar energy into fungible liquid fuel photobioreactor design, and a process that contradicts is a particularly attractive option, though conversion of that prejudicial opinions about the viability of industrial pho- energy on an industrial scale depends on the efficiency of tosynthesis. -
Indiana Aquatic Nuisance Species (ANS) Management Plan
Indiana Aquatic Nuisance Species (ANS) Management Plan Aruana caught by angler in Lake George, Lake County, Indiana Photo credit: Brian Breidert, IDNR Indiana Department of Natural Resources Funded by: Division of Fish and Wildlife Edited by: Phil Seng and Gwen White, D.J. Case & Associates, Mishawaka, Indiana October 1, 2003 Indiana Aquatic Nuisance Species (ANS) Management Plan Table of Contents Page Executive summary 3 Introduction 6 Why should we be concerned? 6 Why are we hearing about more nuisance exotics? 6 Are all exotic species causing problems? 7 Why do some of these species become nuisances? 7 What principles should guide invasive species management in Indiana? 8 Which species are top priorities for management in Indiana? 8 Table 1. Aquatic nuisance species on the watch list and detected 9 Nuisance fish 10 Nuisance insects and crustaceans 13 Nuisance mussels and snails 14 Diseases, pathogens and parasites 15 Aquarium pets caught from Indiana waters 17 Nuisance plants 20 Which programs are engaged in management of invasive species? 23 What regulatory authorities control management of exotic species? 29 Federal role 30 Regional role 32 State role 33 Designing an integrated comprehensive regulatory approach 33 What can Hoosiers do to prevent and control the impacts of ANS? 40 Index to the strategic management plan 41 Description of strategic management plan 44 How will we know if we succeed? 58 Literature cited 60 Glossary of terms 63 List of agency and organization acronyms 64 Appendix A. List of introduced fish and crayfish 65 Appendix B. List of invasive aquatic plants 67 Appendix C. Priority list of ANS in the Great Lakes basin 69 Appendix D. -
Aquatic Species Program Review Proceedings of the March 1985 Principal Investigators Meeting
NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. Neither the United States nor the United States Department of Energy, nor any of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or their employees, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legai liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Printed in the United States of America Available from: National Technical Information Service U.S. Departmenr of Commerce 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 221 61 Price: Microfiche A01 Printed Copy A1 6 Codes are ~sedfor pricing ail publications. The code is determined by the number of pages in the publication. lnformation pertaining to the pricing codes can be found in the current issue of the following publications, which are generally available in most tibraries; Energy Research Abstracts. (ERA); Government Reports Announcements and Index (GRA and I); Scientific and Technical Abstract Reports (STAR;; and publication. NTIS-PR-360 available from NT1S at the above address. SER IICP-231-2700 UC Category: 61c DE85Ol2137 Aquatic Species Program Review Proceedings of the March 1985 Principal Investigators Meeting 20 - 21 March 1985 Golden, CO June 1985 Prepared under Task No. 4513.10 FTP No. 513 Solar Energy Research Institute A Division of Midwest Research Institute 1617 Cole Boulevard Golden, Colorado 80401 Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC02-83CH10093 PREFACE This volume contains progress reports presented by the Aquatic Species Program subcontractors and SERl researchers at the SERl Aquatic Species Review held at SERI, March 20 and 2 1, 1985.