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Spring 2017 Issue ISSN:2381-0637 FINE FOCUS AN INTERNATIONAL MICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL FOR UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH 2 • FINE FOCUS, VOL. 3 (1) MISSION We publish original research by undergraduate students in microbiology. This includes works in all microbiological specialties and microbiology education. SCOPE We are an international journal dedicated to showcasing undergraduate research in all fields of microbiology. Fine Focus is managed entirely by undergraduate students from production to print but utilizes an External Editorial Board of experts for double-blind peer review of manuscripts. CONTACT INFORMATION Call: +1-765-285-8820 Email: [email protected] Facebook: Fine Focus Journal Twitter: @focusjournal Online: finefocus.org Copyright 2017, Fine Focus. All rights reserved. CONTENTS • 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS PERSPECTIVE 5 Objective Lens John L. McKillip, Ph.D. 9 Cutting wedge: bacterial community diversity and structure associated with the cheese rind and curd of seven natural rind cheeses Lei Wei, Rebecca J. Rubinstein, Kathleen M. Hanlon, Heidi Wade, Celeste N. Peterson, and Vanja Klepac-Ceraj 35 Characterization of prodiginine compounds produced by a Vibrio species isolated from salt flat sediment along the Florida Gulf Coast Stephanie Morgan, Matthew J. Thomas, Katherine M. Walstrom, Eric C. Warrick, Brittany J Gasper 49 Metal Susceptibility of a Hetero-Vancomycin-Intermediate Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolate Colleen Quigley and Reena Lamichhane-Khadka PERSPECTIVE 69 Become a Spokesperson for Science Ronda L. Hamm, Dow Agro Sciences LLC RESOURCES 78 Fine Focus team and Editorial Board members 80 Call for papers PERSPECTIVE OBJECTIVE LENS “ JOHN L. MCKILLIP, PH.D. MANAGING EDITOR, FINE FOCUS ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF BIOLOGY, BALL STATE UNIVERSITY Copyright 2017, Fine Focus. All rights reserved. 6 • FINE FOCUS, VOL. 3 (1) UG: MILESTONES & OUR PEER ever-changing group of student editors in a product-based course, makes Fine REVIEW SYSTEM Focus unique and rapidly able to adapt to This issue begins our fourth year a changing marketplace, but many new publishing original undergraduate research challenges are created using this model. from around the globe. As a product- I welcome the new inaugural Executive based “immersive learning” course, the Committee members who will address Fine Focus student editors have achieved these opportunities and challenges: several important milestones over the last • Kyla Adamson – former Fine Focus several months, including: alum and current M.S. student in • Developed and launched a crowd biotechnology/microbiology at Ball source funding page State University – will serve as the • Print and digital issues now in the Managing Consultant collections of university libraries • Saara-Maria Kallio - former Fine in the Czech Republic, Finland, Focus alum and international Iceland, Germany and the U.S. marketing student at the University • Created consumer & user surveys, of Tampere in Finland will serve as now available on our website the Marketing Consultant • Established an Executive Committee • Emma Kate Fittes – Education • Created an interactive and user friendly Reporter for the Muncie (IN) Star map of Editorial Board, manuscript Press – who will be serving in the submissions, and library locations role as the Design Consultant Our consumer and user surveys will • I (JLM) will be serving as the be administered to past and potential Fine overall Executive Director Focus authors, Editorial Board members, Over the last several conferences, and the general readership to improve the many of you have inquired about our content and presentation of our website rigor in peer-review of undergraduate and print journal. The survey links are manuscripts, and how we manage found at finefocus.org and will also be submissions. I am glad to be able to promoted and administered during our share with our readers the system we conference presentations, and will also use for our double-blind peer-review of effectively quantify the impact Fine manuscripts, as this is one of the unique Focus has on undergraduate research in aspects of Fine Focus. microbiology internationally. Completed and correctly formatted The formation of our Executive manuscripts are submitted to us through Committee is especially important for our Open Journal System (OJS) site: the current group of Fine Focus student finefocussubmissions.org and are received editors. This Committee, consisting by one of our student Lead Editors. (for now) of three carefully selected This editor will screen the manuscript individuals, will help us develop a vision for appropriate formatting, complete for success and planning our long-term figures, tables, legends, and references. goals in the dynamic and competitive This 1-2 day vetting also ensures that arena of academic journal publishing. the work is original hypothesis-driven Our niche of undergraduate microbiology research by one or more undergraduates research, and managing the journal by an that fits within the scope of Fine Focus. OBJECTIVE LENS • 7 Notification/acknowledgement of this • Are the objectives and hypothesis/ process is then communicated to the hypotheses clearly stated and justified? corresponding author by the Lead Editor • Are the Materials & Methods detailed via OJS. In order to ensure a double-blind enough to allow for replication? peer review, the Lead Editor will remove • Are the statistical methods correct all identifiers from the manuscript, and adequate? and secure at least two expert external • Do authors clearly present and reviewers (ideally from our Editorial interpret their results? Board) who will be invited to complete • Is the overall organization of the their reviews within approximately 21 paper satisfactory? days. This communication also takes • Are all figures & tables necessary, place through the OJS platform, ensuring and properly shown? professionalism, and confidentiality. To • Are the references appropriately assist in standardizing high-quality cited (no unnecessary citations)? constructive critiques from our reviewers, • Does the manuscript read well in we offer the following list of queries, terms of English/grammar/syntax? that I share with you here, to perhaps • Are conclusions properly supported facilitate journal club article discussions or with appropriate results? classroom article critiques you may teach • Overall recommendation: Accept, in your courses or research: Accept with revisions, Revise & Suggested/optional queries to address Resubmit, or Reject? when reviewing: The completed external reviews are • Is the topic of the paper within the assessed in relationship to our own class general scope of Fine Focus? discussion of the manuscript by our Fine • Does this research represent an Focus review team, where we arrive at a original contribution to the greater conclusion and render a final decision on body of knowledge within this sub the acceptability of the submission. discipline of microbiology? We hope you find this issue interesting • Does the title accurately reflect and informative. If you are nearing the contents? completion of an UG research project, or • Does the abstract contain have a manuscript underway, we hope sufficient information? you will consider submitting to Fine • Does the title page contain Focus when ready. As always, we welcome appropriate keywords? your input in ways we can improve, or • Does the Introduction section how Fine Focus has helped you or your contain sufficient information students achieve success. without being verbose? -JLM CUTTING WEDGE: BACTERIAL COMMUNITY DIVERSITY AND STRUCTURE ASSOCIATED WITH THE CHEESE RIND AND CURD OF SEVEN NATURAL RIND CHEESES LEI WEI1‡, REBECCA J. RUBINSTEIN2‡, KATHLEEN M. HANLON2, HEIDI WADE1, CELESTE N. PETERSON3*, AND VANJA KLEPAC-CERAJ2* 1 DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY, 2 DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES WELLESLEY COLLEGE, WELLESLEY, MA 2 DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, SUFFOLK UNIVERSITY, BOSTON, MA ‡CO-FIRST AUTHORS: LEI WEI, REBECCA J. RUBINSTEIN MANUSCRIPT RECEIVED 30 JUNE 2016; ACCEPTED 5 NOVEMBER 2016 Copyright 2017, Fine Focus. All rights reserved. 10 • FINE FOCUS, VOL. 3 (1) ABSTRACT The microorganisms that inhabit cheese contribute greatly to the flavor and development of the final product. While the rind and curd microbiota have been characterized separately, there is limited information on how the structure and function of microbial communities in rinds and curds vary within and amongst cheeses. To better understand the differences in community structure CORRESPONDING and function between communities of cheese rinds AUTHORS and curds, we combined culture-based methods with culture-independent community profiling of curds and Vanja Klepac-Ceraj* rinds. Rinds contained greater taxonomic diversity than [email protected] curds. Lactobacillales dominated curd communities while members from the order Actinomycetales were found in high abundance in rind communities. Communities Celeste Peterson* varied more between rinds and curds than among [email protected] cheeses produced from different milk types. To better understand microbial community functions, we cultured and assayed isolates for antibiotic susceptibility and carbon source utilization. Among European and U.S. KEYWORDS cheeses, 70% of all susceptible isolates were cultured from U.S. cheeses. Overall, our study explored the • cheese microbiome differences within and between rind and curd microbial • rind communities of natural rind cheeses, provided insights • curd into the environmental factors that shape microbial • diversity
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