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Arthur Rosenberg. Ein Historiker Im Zeitalter Der Katastrophen (1889-1943) (2003)

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DIGITALE REPRINTS Dokserver des Zentrums für Zeithisto- rische Forschung Potsdam http://zeitgeschichte-digital.de/Doks Mario Keßler Arthur Rosenberg. Ein Historiker im Zeitalter der Katastrophen (1889-1943) (2003) http://dx.doi.org/10.14765/zzf.dok.104.v1 Reprint von: Mario Keßler. Arthur Rosenberg. Ein Historiker im Zeitalter der Katastrophen (1889-1943), Böhlau Verlag Köln 2003, ISBN 978-3-412-04503-6 (falsche Prüfziffer im Original: 978-3-412-04603-5) (Zeithistorische Studien. Herausgegeben vom Zentrum für Zeithistorische Forschung Potsdam. Band 24) Copyright der digitalen Neuausgabe (c) 2015 Zentrum für Zeithistorische Forschung Pots- dam e.V. (ZZF) und Autor, alle Rechte Vorbehalten . Dieses Werk wurde vom Autor für den Download vom Dokumentenserver des ZZF freigegeben und darf nur vervielfältigt und erneut veröffentlicht werden, wenn die Einwilligung der o.g. Rechtieinhaber vorliegt. Bitte kontaktieren Sie: <[email protected]> Zitationshinweis: Mario Keßler. Arthur Rosenberg. Ein Historiker im Zeitalter der Katastrophen (1889-1943) (2003), Dokserver des Zentrums für Zeithistorische Forschung Potsdam, http://dx.doi.org/10.14765/zzf.dok.1.104.v1 Ursprünglich erschienen als: Mario Keßler. Arthur Rosenberg. Ein Historiker im Zeitalter der Katastrophen (1889-1943), Böhlau Verlag Köln 2003, ISBN 978-3-412- 04503-6 (falsche Prüfziffer im Original: 978-3-412-04603-5) (Zeithistorische Stu- dien. Herausgegeben vom Zentrum für Zeithistorische Forschung Potsdam. Band 24) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14765/zzf.dok.1.104.v1 Arthur Rosenberg Copyright (c) Zentrum für Zeithistorische Forschung Potsdam e.V. und Autor DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14765/zzf.dok.1.104.v1 Mario Keßler Arthur Rosenberg Ein Historiker im Zeitalter der Katastrophen (1889-1943) 2003 BÖHLAU VERLAG KÖLN WEIMAR WIEN Copyright (c) Zentrum für Zeithistorische Forschung Potsdam e.V. und Autor DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14765/zzf.dok.1.104.v1 Gedruckt mit Unterstützung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft. Mario Keßler, geh. 1955 in Jena. Studium der Geschichte und Germanistik in Jena und Leipzig, Promotion 1982 in Leipzig, Habilitation 1990 an der Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR in Berlin. Lehrtätigkeit an der Universität Leipzig, der Freien Universität Berlin und der University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter am Zentrum für Zeithistorische Forschung und Privatdozent an der Universität Potsdam. Wichtigste Veröffentlichungen: Antisemitismus, Zionismus und Sozialismus. Internatio­ nale Arbeiterbewegung und jüdische Frage im 20. Jahrhundert, Mainz 1993, 2. Aufl. 1994; Zionismus und internationale Arbeiterbewegung 1897-1933, Berlin 1994; Die SED und die Juden - zwischen Repression und Toleranz. Politische Entwicklungen bis 1967, Berlin 1995 (Zeithistorische Studien, Bd. 6); Heroische Illusion und Stalin-Terror. Beiträge zur Kommu­ nismus-Forschung, Hamburg 1999; Exilerfahrung in Wissenschaft und Politik. Remigrierte Historiker in der frühen DDR, Köln/Weimar/Wien 2001 (Zeithistorische Studien, Bd. 18); Exil und Nach-Exil. Vertriebene Intellektuelle im 20. Jahrhundert, Hamburg 2002. Zahlrei­ che herausgegebene Bücher, Aufsätze sowie Beiträge in Sammelbänden. Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.ddb.de abrufbar. © 2003 by Böhlau Verlag GmbH & Cie, Köln Ursulaplatz 1, D-50668 Köln Tel. (0221) 913 90-0, Fax (0221) 91390-11 [email protected] Alle Rechte Vorbehalten Umschlagabbildung: Arthur Rosenberg. Foto aus: Reichstags-Handbuch, III. Wahlperiode, 1924. Hrsg. v. Bureau des Reichstags, Berlin 1925. Druck und Bindung: MVR Druck GmbH, Brühl Gedruckt auf chlor- und säurefreiem Papier Printed in Germany ISBN 3-412-04603-5 Copyright (c) Zentrum für Zeithistorische Forschung Potsdam e.V. und Autor DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14765/zzf.dok.1.104.v1 Inhalt Vorwort von Theodor Bergmann..................................................................... 9 Vorbemerkung............................................................................................................ 13 Kapitel 1 Der Althistoriker im kaiserlichen Berlin (1889-1918).................................... 15 1. Zwischen Assimilation und Außenseitertum. Eine Berliner Jugend um 1900 .............. 15 2. Die Lehrjahre des Althistorikers.....................................................................................22 3. Im Banne der „Ideen von 1914“. Arthur Rosenberg im Ersten Weltkrieg .................... 32 Kapitel 2 Der kommunistische Publizist (1918-1923)...................................................... 43 1. Von der USPD zur KPD.................................................................................................43 2. Ein Paria im Universitätsbetrieb.....................................................................................54 3. Alte Geschichte und Gegenwartsfragen..........................................................................57 4. Fundamentalopposition und Realpolitik.........................................................................71 Copyright (c) Zentrum für Zeithistorische Forschung Potsdam e.V. und Autor DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14765/zzf.dok.1.104.v1 Kapitel 3 Der kommunistische Politiker (1923-1927)........................................................ 85 1. 1923: Eine verpaßte Revolution?................................................................................... 87 2. Von der Linken zur Ultralinken.................................................................................... 100 3. Von der Ultralinken zum Parteigänger Thälmanns ....................................................... 119 4. Als Historiker im Reichstag...........................................................................................126 5. Der Bruch mit der KPD..................................................................................................135 Kapitel 4 Der Kritiker revolutionärer Illusionen (1927-1933)......................................... 141 1. „Die Entstehung der deutschen Republik“ .................................................................... 141 2. Wissenschaft und politische Bildung ............................................................................ 152 3. Kritik und Verteidigung der Sowjetunion ..................................................................... 162 4. Im Angesicht der Katastrophe........................................................................................172 Kapitel 5 Der Zeithistoriker im Exil (1933-1943)............................................................... 177 1. Von Zürich nach Liverpool........................................................................................... 178 2. Warum war Hitler nicht zu verhindern? ........................................................................ 184 3. Die „Geschichte der deutschen Republik“ .................................................................... 188 4. Der Weg an das Brooklyn College................................................................................ 204 5. „Demokratie und Sozialismus“ ..................................................................................... 208 6 . Marxismus und Zionismus, Faschismus und Totalitarismus ......................................... 216 7 . Überleben und Tod in New York...................................................................................229 Summary 245 Copyright (c) Zentrum für Zeithistorische Forschung Potsdam e.V. und Autor DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14765/zzf.dok.1.104.v1 Anhang.................................................................................................................. 247 Verzeichnis der Dokumente................................................................................................247 Zeittafel zu Arthur Rosenbergs Leben................................................................................287 Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis.......................................................................................289 Abkürzungsverzeichnis....................................................................................................... 325 Danksagung........................................................................................................................ 327 Personenregister.................................................................................................................. 329 Copyright (c) Zentrum für Zeithistorische Forschung Potsdam e.V. und Autor DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14765/zzf.dok.1.104.v1 Copyright (c) Zentrum für Zeithistorische Forschung Potsdam e.V. und Autor DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14765/zzf.dok.1.104.v1 Vorwort Mario Keßlers Monographie zeichnet den Lebensweg einer markanten Persönlichkeit in einer ungeheuer turbulenten Zeit, der ersten Hälfte des vorigen Jahrhunderts. Arthur Rosen­ berg war Wissenschaftler und Politiker, und nicht selten hat in unserem Land politische Geradlinigkeit wissenschaftlicher Karriere geschadet. Viel stärker noch als heute war die Academia zu seiner Zeit eine recht abgeschlossene Gemeinde, die trotz der Positivismus- Debatte am Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts keine Außenseiter mochte, statt dessen Konfor­ mismus forderte und förderte. Dieser Nachteil der universitären Autonomie verstärkte sich mit dem nationalen Machtzuwachs und dem dazugehörigen Nationalismus. Aber auch der Übergang vom Kaiserreich zur ungeliebten Republik nach
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  • Mario Keßler Antike Und Moderne Demokratie Bei Arthur Rosenberg

    Mario Keßler Antike Und Moderne Demokratie Bei Arthur Rosenberg

    Sitzungsberichte der Leibniz-Sozietät 74(2004), 99–111 Mario Keßler Antike und moderne Demokratie bei Arthur Rosenberg Vortrag am 13. Mai 2004 in der Klasse für Sozial- und Geisteswissenschaften Das Ansehen des Historikers Arthur Rosenberg (1889-1943) gründet sich vor allem auf seine Arbeiten über Aufstieg und Fall der Weimarer Republik, zur Geschichte des Bolschewismus sowie über den Zusammenhang von Demo- kratie und Sozialismus. Doch arbeitete Rosenberg während eines eher kurzen Lebens auf bemerkenswert unterschiedlichen Gebieten: Geboren im kaiser- lichen Berlin, erlangte er früh einen guten Ruf als produktiver Althistoriker. Nach dem radikalen Bruch mit seinem Herkunftsmilieu am Ende des Ersten Weltkrieges wurde er in den zwanziger Jahren ein führender kommunisti- scher Politiker. 1927 verließ er die kommunistische Bewegung. Danach pro- filierte er sich als unermüdlich publizierender Zeithistoriker, dessen Werke noch immer aufgelegt und gelesen werden.1 Die folgenden Bemerkungen suchen vor dem biographischen Hintergrund einen zentralen Aspekt von Rosenbergs Denken zu beleuchten: seine Unter- suchungen zum Problem der Demokratie in verschiedenen Geschichtsepo- chen. Ursprünglich kein Demokrat, sondern ein Bewunderer des kaiserlichen Deutschland, wurde Rosenberg einer der wenigen Historiker, der „die Rolle sozialer und ökonomischer Prozesse bei der Ausformung des autoritären Cha- rakters der deutschen Politik hervorhob“ und von dort zu bahnbrechenden, in seiner Zeit oft abgelehnten Erkenntnissen über die sich wandelnden Inhalte der Demokratie kam.2 1 Vgl. Helmut Schachenmeyer, Arthur Rosenberg als Vertreter des Historischen Materialis- mus, Wiesbaden 1964; Rudolf W. Müller/Gert Schäfer (Hg.), Arthur Rosenberg zwischen Alter Geschichte und Zeitgeschichte, Politik und politischer Bildung, Göttingen/Zürich 1986; Lorenzo Riberi, Arthur Rosenberg. Democrazia e socialismo tra storia e politica, Milano 2001; Mario Keßler, Arthur Rosenberg.