Melville, SK • S0A 2P0 813 Desmond St • Box 939 • Grenfell, SK • S0G 2B0 Ph: 306-728-5448 (Ext
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WHITEWOOD HERALERALD 141 Broadview St. W. • Box 940 • Fort Qu’Appelle, SK • S0G 1S0 H708 South Railway St. • Box 160 • Whitewood,D SK • S0G 5C0 Ph: 306-332-5526 • Email: [email protected] Ph: 306-735-2230 • Email: [email protected] Grasslands News Group Canada 150 Special Edition 2 July 1, 2017
ҺҺ ONTARIO
OFFICIALLY NOT TO BE MISSED DID YOU KNOW?
CANADIAN SINCE... Ottawa and Toronto are amazing places make our country so unique. London’s TD • Spanning more than a million kilometres, Ontario to visit, but there’s a lot more to expe- Sunfest, Markham’s Jambana One World — Canada’s second-largest province — is larger rience in Canada’s most populous pro- Festival, and Belleville’s Waterfront and than the countries of France and Spain combined. vince than the CN Tower and Parliament Ethnic Festival all have an international 1867 Hill. For one, Ontario’s vast and varied focus, while the Fergus Scottish Festival • In addition to pop-stars (think Bieber and Drake), festival scene is truly in a league of its & Highland Games and the Toronto Carib- rock bands (like Rush and The Tragically Hip) and own! What are you looking to celebrate? bean Festival, among others, shine the hockey greats (hello Wayne Gretzky), Ontario has Before Ontario was Ontario, it was part of the colony spotlight on one heritage in particular. given the world an impressive crop of comedy of Quebec, which was home to both French and En- MUSIC icons, including Dan Aykroyd, John Candy, Jim glish settlers. Unsurprisingly, religious, linguistic and Put on your dancing shoes! Top musical FOOD AND DRINK Carrey and Mike Meyers. social differences soon divided the area’s growing events across the province include Bur- Hungry? Sink your teeth into some bar- population. Both groups, eager to self-govern ac- lington’s Sound of Music Festival, the becued goodness at Canada’s Largest • The name Ontario is thought to derive from either cording to their own political views, parted ways via TD Ottawa Jazz Festival, Jazz Sudbury, Ribfest in Burlington. For a healthier alter- the Huron word for “great lake” or the Iroquoian the Constitution Act of 1791. The Act split the Que- and the one-of-a-kind Collingwood Elvis native, try Carrot Fest in Bradford or the word for “beautiful water.” Both are incredibly bec colony in two: the French-speaking Catholics Festival. LaSalle Strawberry Festival. Thirsty? Wine appropriate seeing as the province contains more claimed the eastern portion, Lower Canada, and the lovers can sample the latest from Ontario’s than 250,000 freshwater lakes. British Loyalists and American settlers took Upper FILM wine country during Pelham Summerfest, Canada, Ontario’s predecessor. Lieutenant-Gover- TIFF — the Toronto International Film while beer enthusiasts can head to Peter- • The Bruce Nuclear Generating Station, located on nor John Graves Simcoe was the first leader of the Festival — may be the biggest event of borough’s Kawartha Craft Beer Festival the eastern shore of Lake Huron, is the world’s new Upper Canadian society. Things went smoothly its kind in the province, but there are for a fresh pint of local ale. largest nuclear power plant. at first, but the War of 1812 set off a chain of events loads of other fantastic movie-centric fuelled by political instability and rebellions on both celebrations to check out in Ontario. • When Ottawa’s section of the Rideau Canal sides of the new border. In February 1841, less than Canadian creations take centre stage freezes over, it becomes the world’s longest out- a century after their divorce, Upper and Lower Canada during the Kingston Canadian Film Festi- door skating rink. reunited to form the Province of Canada out of eco- val, while the Windsor International Film nomic necessity; but the communities retained their Festival features flicks from both sides of distinct character. When talks of Confederation began, the border and beyond. Ottawa hosts the both sides were at the table, with George-Étienne world’s largest Animation Film Festival, Cartier representing the French speakers and John and Cinéfest Sudbury International Film A. Macdonald, the former residents of Upper Canada. Festival has a soft spot for French-lan- The Province of Canada was divided into Quebec and guage movies. Ontario in early 1867. Together, but as separate pro- vinces, they joined the new Dominion of Canada on THEATRE July 1 of that same year. Many Fathers of Confede- Stratford is the Ontarian mecca for fans of ration were from Ontario, including Sir Alexander the stage. The Stratford Festival hosts Campbell, James Cockburn, George Brown and the a massive lineup of musicals, children’s first Canadian prime minister, Sir John A. Macdonald. plays, pantomimes and classic pieces over the span of seven months. If you’re in the area between April and October, LICENCE PLATE SLOGANS attending at least one performance is an absolute must. • If you don’t want the Hilton selling your horse, you’d better pay for your room. Ontario law still has a MULTICULTURAL DISCOVERIES clause allowing innkeepers to auction off the horse Celebrate Canada’s 150th birthday by of anyone who attempts to snooze and split. getting to know the diverse cultures that
• 1973–1981: Keep it beautiful • 1982–present: Yours to discover OFFICIAL MOTTO DEMONYM PROVINCIAL NICKNAMES In 2008, a French-language version of the Ut incepit Fidelis sic permanet People from Ontario are called Ontarians • The Heartland Province current licence plate was released. It fea- (Loyal she began, loyal she remains) • The Province of Opportunity tures the translated slogan Tant à découvrir.
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ҺҺ NOVA SCOTIA
OFFICIALLY NOT TO BE MISSED DID YOU KNOW?
CANADIAN SINCE... FRESH ATLANTIC SEAFOOD more amazing (ideal times are June • There are 13 Mi’kmaq nations inhabiting Nova Scotia Nova Scotia is a treasure trove of eats and September), but be prepared for today, but their history in the area dates back 13,000 from the sea. Fresh oysters, lobster steep inclines en route. years. Over 1,500 place names in the province are of dishes, seafood chowder, Atlantic sal- Mi’kmaq origin. 1867 mon, and of course, Digby scallops — LIGHTHOUSES especially if you happen to be in Digby Peggy’s Point lighthouse at Peggy’s • Nova Scotia is home to North America’s only tidal power — are a must for any seafood aficio- Cove may be the most famous, but plant. It harnesses power from the Bay of Fundy, which Conservative premier Charles Tupper led the way nado visiting the province. it’s far from the only. Nova Scotia has produces the world’s highest tidal ranges. for Nova Scotia — then a prosperous colony of 160 lighthouses — more than any approximately 350,000 people — to become CELTIC MUSIC AND DANCING other province in Canada. Many of • Pirates were a serious threat in early Nova Scotia, and one of the original provinces to join Confedera- Fiddling and Cape Breton style step them are open to the public and their crimes were ordered by law to be punished by public tion in 1867. He was a strong proponent of both dancing are abundantly practised in others simply make for a picturesque hanging (the final such execution occurred in Halifax in a Maritime union and British North American Nova Scotia. Experience them both at picnic spot. 1844). However, pirate lore including tales of buried trea- union, in large part due to his belief that Nova the Antigonish Highland Games the first sure and ghostly happenings are common throughout Scotia would flourish if connected to other colo- week in July or at the Celtic Colours BAY OF FUNDY the province into present times. nies by an inter-colonial railway. International music festival in October. Experiencing the tides and abundant Alternatively, many pubs in the pro- marine life of this unique location can • There’s more Gaelic spoken in Talks for both types of union began in 1864 at vince often host live performances. be exhilarating or calming, depending Nova Scotia than there is in the Charlottetown Conference, but whereas the on how you choose to take it in. Tidal Scotland. The province houses idea of a Maritime union was tabled, a confe- CABOT TRAIL bore rafting will make your pulse race North America’s only Gaelic deration between the colonies was considered Considered one of the world’s best and viewing the tides from Cape Split College, and it also boasts the worth pursuing. Terms for the union were soon road trips, driving the Cabot Trail — a involves a vigorous — but so-worth- world’s largest ceilidh fiddle. after debated at a second conference in Que- 300-kilometre loop around Cape Bre- it — 16-kilometre hike. Alternatively, bec City. As a result, 72 guidelines were outli- ton — allows you to experience dra- kayaking the waters or experiencing • North America’s first ferry — ned in a document known as the Quebec Reso- matic oceanside views, sparkling wa- them at sea level from Harbourville or powered by eight horses — lutions. Many Nova Scotians were vehemently terfalls, beautiful beaches, rocky cliffs Parrsboro are more placid ways to was established between Hali- opposed to the intended terms, especially those and more. Cycling the loop is even enjoy this natural wonder. fax and Dartmouth. Our country’s of financial nature. However, Charles Tupper first ferry crime occurred on this led a majority government and was therefore very route when a drunk got able to pass the Quebec Resolutions through aboard and stabbed all eight legislature. horses. PHOTO : DENNIS JARVIS
Royal assent for Confederation was given at the • Some other firsts include: first divorce granted in the colo- London Conference in 1866, and on July 1, 1867 nies (1750), first ever covered hockey rink (1863), first the new legislation took effect. public library in Canada (1864), and the first Canadian hurricane warning system (1987).
• Little more than a generation ago, Africville, a black com- LICENCE PLATE SLOGAN munity composed of former slaves and black Loyalists, flourished in the Bedford Basin. In the mid-1960s, it was demolished and the former residents were required to dis- perse to other regions. A public apology for the forced eviction was issued in 2010 by the Halifax mayor.
Canada’s Ocean DEMONYM PROVINCIAL NICKNAMES OFFICIAL MOTTO Playground Those who hail from Nova Scotia are called Nova Scotians, but the term Blue- • The Sea Bound Coast Munit haec et altera vincit nose or Bluenoser is also common. The nickname dates back to at least the • The Land of Evangeline (One defends and late 18th century and may be derived from the blue-skinned potatoes grown • Acadia (to the French) the other conquers) in the Annapolis Valley that were once a strong component of the local diet. • Mi’kma’ki (to the Mi’kmaq)
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ҺҺ QUEBEC
OFFICIALLY NOT TO BE MISSED DID YOU KNOW?
CANADIAN SINCE... No matter where you are in Quebec, French of Abraham, where the British defeated the • Quebec is the world’s largest producer influence is dominant and makes travelling in French in 1759, deserve a visit, and touring the of maple syrup. Its 48 million taps make this province a unique adventure. A rich history, Citadel is a must. The Château Frontenac is said 72% of the global share, which in 2016 stunning landscapes and vibrant culture are all to be the most photographed hotel in the world amounted to 148,200,000 pounds of syrup. 1867 part of the joys of visiting La Belle Province. and is also a National Historic Site of Canada. FESTIVALS MONTREAL Quebec and Ontario jointly made up a single Quebec is well known for its joie de vivre and Possibly the most cosmopolitan city in Canada, province at the time of Confederation called the hosts some of the oldest, biggest and best festi- Montreal is a thriving metropolis with a blend of Province of Canada, a union that developed in vals in the country. Among the most famous are North American charm and European sophisti- 1840 in response to rising rebellions in Upper the Just for Laughs comedy festival, the Mon- cation. Traditional advice will steer you towards Canada (Ontario) and Lower Canada (Quebec). treal International Jazz Festival, the Quebec City places like Old Montreal (the historic district), But things weren’t going well. In particular, go- Winter Carnival, the Saint-Jean-Sur-Richelieu the Botanical Gardens (one of the world’s largest verning with a single parliament run by multiple Hot Air Balloon Festival, and the International and most splendid) and the top of Mount Royal parties was a challenge. Confederation was a Fireworks Competition near Montmorency Falls. for a view of the Montreal skyline. However, if way to resolve this issue, as it would separate you want to do it like the locals, consider sipping the Province of Canada into two provinces — FRENCH-CANADIAN CUISINE drinks on a terrasse (patio) in the Plateau dis- Quebec and Ontario — and join it with other Poutine (french fries topped with cheese curds trict, shopping in the Mile End, and taking in a British North American colonies to form a new, and fresh gravy) may be the dish most people show downtown (comedy, music, theatre, etc.). federally governed country in which local is- pledge to sample when they visit Quebec, but • In 2012, a portion of Quebec’s reserved sues could be provincially managed. there are others to be tasted. Cretons is a tra- BREATHTAKING VIEWS store of syrup (worth $18 million) was sto- ditional pork spread seasoned with cinnamon, Quebec has many scenic vistas and beautiful len. Three of the men involved in the so- Co-premier Sir George-Étienne Cartier from savory and cloves that Quebecers enjoy on landscapes to explore. The Gaspé Peninsula, called Maple Syrup Heist were ultimately Canada East was a strong supporter of Confe- toast with their breakfast. Tourtière (a meat pie), where sea cliffs hug the shore of the St. Law- apprehended and convicted. deration. In addition to the reorganization of pea soup, and pancakes doused with Quebec rence River, lures many visitors every year, with Maple Syrup are also local favourites. the quintessential selfie including Percé Rock. government structures, he cited the Intercolo- • The name “Quebec” is derived from the Saguenay Fjord National Park is another spot of nial Railway, economic stimulus and the pro- Algonquin word “Kebec,” which means QUEBEC CITY incredible beauty with acres of forests, rugged tection of French Canadian interests as reasons where the river narrows. to create the new union. While not everyone The only walled city in North America (outside of mountains and, of course, the fjord itself, to enjoy. Mexico), Quebec City is a beacon for Canadian For white sandy beaches, head to the Magdalen agreed (dissenters of Confederation were plen- • At 1.5 million km2, or roughly three times tiful), Quebec officially joined the Dominion of history lovers. The old town has quaint cobb- Islands, a Quebec archipelago specked with red lestone streets and museums aplenty. The Plains cliffs and alluring coves in the Maritimes. the size of France, Quebec is Canada’s Canada with Ontario, Nova Scotia and New largest province. Brunswick on July 1, 1867. Quebec City • The following were invented in Quebec: peanut butter (1884), the Ski-Doo (1959) LICENCE PLATE SLOGAN and Trivial Pursuit (1979). • Quebec is home to Canada’s oldest bre- wery. The Molson Coors Brewing Compa- ny (formerly Molson Brewery) was foun- ded in 1786 in Montreal, where it proudly stands to this day.
• Quebec is the largest producer of electri- Je me souviens (I remember) city in Canada, with more than 95% of this power being hydroelectric. The pro- vince’s 61 dams have a capacity of 38,400 megawatts.
• Approximately 95% of Québécois speak DEMONYM PROVINCIAL NICKNAME OFFICIAL MOTTO French. Montreal is the world’s second- People from Quebec are called Québécois, and sometimes Quebecers in English La Belle Province Je me souviens largest French speaking city.
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ҺҺ NEW BRUNSWICK
OFFICIALLY NOT TO BE MISSED DID YOU KNOW?
CANADIAN SINCE... With the best snow conditions in Get in touch with your Acadian joie de • New Brunswick is the only province in Canada that is officially Atlantic Canada, some of the highest vivre in one of New Brunswick’s most bilingual. While the majority of the population is English- tides in the world, an abundance of renowned cultural hubs: le Pays de la speaking of Anglo and Celtic ancestry, there is also a pro- natural habitats and a distinct conti- Sagouine. Located in the heart of Acadie, minent Francophone minority (about 33%), chiefly of Acadian nental climate, New Brunswick offers le Pays de la Sagouine allows travellers to origin. Just over 2% of the population belongs to a visible 1867 minority. year-round outdoor adventures second discover the sights and sounds of Acadian to none. culture through theatre, comedy, music, One of the four original provinces, New dance and traditional fare. • Home to the McCain empire, the small town of Florence- Brunswick joined the Dominion of Canada in POPULAR ATTRACTIONS ville-Bristol, New Brunswick, is the french fry capital of the 1867. Protection, mobility and economic pros- One of the marine wonders of the world, Travelling in the winter? With thousands world. In fact, one-third of the world’s french fries come from New Brunswick. perity were the driving forces behind this re- the Bay of Fundy promises a true coastal of kilometres of ski and snowmobile volutionary merge. Colonists, including Con- experience. Bike along the Fundy Trail, trails spanning the province, New federation trailblazer and government leader • Established in 1785, the University of New Brunswick was watch the highest tides in the world Brunswick offers the winter expedition the first official English-speaking university in Canada and Samuel Leonard Tilley, believed a wider na- recede from high up on Hopewell Rocks, of a lifetime. And if you’re one to ven- one of the first public universities in all of North America. tional union would further elevate New rappel down craggy cliffs or head out ture off the beaten path, a trip to the Brunswick’s local economy by providing a on a once-in-a-lifetime whale-watching magical ice caves deep in the Midland • An eastern seaside province, New Brunswick has some larger market for goods and a link to the other expedition. forests is well worth the trek. of the best whale watching the world over. In fact, come colonies via the Intercolonial Railway system. summertime, up to 15 different species of whales can be At the same time, fear of invasion reigned thick Do you love to fish? The Miramichi Finally, you don’t have to travel to the spotted in the waters surrounding the Bay of Fundy. in the air as the American Civil War brewed in River is one of the world’s most famous tropics for beautiful sandy beaches and the south. With talk of the U.S. wanting to ex- sites for salmon fishing. Flanked by warm ocean waters. Considered one pand northward into New Brunswick, the ma- pristine forests, the mighty Miramichi of North America’s finest shorelines, jority of Maritime leaders believed their best offers beautiful campgrounds, colourful Parlee Beach Provincial Park is known defensive tactic was to become one with the trails and the best fly-fishing the world to have the warmest salt waters north Province of Canada (formerly Upper and Lower has to offer. of Virginia. Canada). Although this decision didn’t enjoy widespread agreement across the colony— many settlers feared their interests would be overshadowed in the greater Canadian context—the bid for Confederation prevailed, and New Brunswick became distinctly Cana- • Speaking of the Bay of Fundy, it has the highest tides in the dian on July 1, 1867. world, with waters rising at a rapid rate of one metre per hour. In fact, the force of the incoming tide is so overpowe- ring that it causes the connecting St. John River to flow backwards twice a day, every day. PROVINCIAL NICKNAMES • Picture Province • The Loyalist Province
WHO WERE THE LOYALISTS? LICENCE PLATE SLOGANS Many English Canadians in New Brunswick share a bloodline with the American colo- nists known as Loyalists who supported the British cause during the American Revolution (1775–83). Their loyalty to the mother country Hopewell Rocks led them to flee northward to British North America, where many settled in and around the St. John River Valley. This Loyalist influx — which comprised farmers, labourers and tradespeople of various cultural backgrounds, OFFICIAL MOTTO DEMONYM including former Black slaves — provided Spem Reduxit People from New Brunswick are called • 1954 – 1971: Picture Province momentum for the creation of New Brunswick. (Hope Was Restored) New Brunswickers • 2010 – 2011: Be… in this place. Être… ici on le peut.
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ҺҺ MANITOBA
OFFICIALLY NOT TO BE MISSED DID YOU KNOW?
CANADIAN SINCE... Travelling to Manitoba? This Prairie gem truly WONDROUS WILDERNESS • The city of Churchill in Northern Manitoba is is a joy to discover. Whether you’re a wilder- There’s no shortage of ways to explore Mani- the polar bear capital of the world. The animals ness fanatic or a cultural connoisseur, Cana- toba’s unique nature! are so common that local police advise against da’s central province has a little something for • Hike through the odd-but-beautiful Spirit dressing as polar bears for Halloween so as to 1870 everyone. Sands of Spruce Woods Provincial Park not be confused with the real deal. • Cycle along the Assiniboine River or make FANTASTIC FESTIVALS some feathered friends on the Bacon Ridge Like most of the Prairies, Manitoba began its From February’s Festival du Voyageur (Wes- Birding Trail journey to provincehood as part of Rupert’s tern Canada’s biggest winter celebration) to • Trek the rugged Pisew Falls to Kwasitchewan Land, a sprawling territory that was owned Folklorama in August (the world’s longest- Falls Hiking Trail to see the highest waterfall by the Hudson’s Bay Company for nearly running multicultural festival) Manitoba’s year- in the province two centuries before being sold to Canada round roster of special events ensures that no • Climb the limestone cliffs in Steep Rock in 1868. In 1867, a man named Thomas matter when you visit, you’ll come across a • Shred the slopes at Springhill Winter Spence had attempted to create the Repu- party — or several! — to attend. Sports Park blic of Manitobah; however, poor organiza- • Ski or snowshoe the sparkling trails of Ri- tion and a complete lack of recognition — or MARVELLOUS MUSEUMS ding Mountain National Park even interest — from authorities in London History buffs, science lovers and art aficiona- • Paddle the crystal-clear lakes of Nopiming prompted the state’s swift demise. Despite dos are in for a treat. Manitoba is home to an Provincial Park, or through the granite-clad • In 1959 Winnipeg became the first city in Cana- his disappointing democratic debut, Spence impressive array of museums, historic sites Caddy Lake Tunnels in Whiteshell da to implement an emergency phone number. remained in politics and went on to serve on and galleries, including Canada’s only natio- • Duck into the Clearwater Lake Caves to see the council for Métis leader Louis Riel’s pro- nal museum outside Ottawa: the new Cana- how 400 million years of geological activity • Some of the most iconic names in Canadian rock visional government. Riel had established dian Museum of Human Rights in Winnipeg. can shape the landscape hail from Manitoba, including the Guess Who, the group during the Red River Rebellion in • Skate along the world’s longest naturally Neil Young, Tom Cochrane and Bachman Turner reaction to the federal government’s com- Awesome architecture: Manitoba’s capital frozen ice trail, the Red River Mutual Trail Overdrive. plete disregard for Métis concerns. From the city is chock-full of architectural gems, from • Lounge on Lake Winnipeg’s Grand Beach, actions of Riel and his supporters — inclu- heritage buildings in Exchange District Na- one of the top-rated sandy spots in the • Manitobans donate more to charitable causes ding Spence — emerged the Manitoba Act, tional Historic Site to modern wonders like country per capita than residents of any other province. a final step toward the creation of the Pro- the Esplanade Riel pedes- vince of Manitoba. The act came into effect trian bridge and the Winni- • The University of Manitoba, founded in 1877, is on July 15, 1870, officialising the status of peg Art Gallery. The new Canadian Museum Western Canada’s oldest university. Its first gra- Manitoba and its 15,000 residents within of Human Rights. duating class, in 1880, comprised a single person. the Canadian Constitution. Prehistoric pursuits: Come visit Bruce (the world’s lar- • The town of Gimli is home to the largest Icelan- gest publicly displayed Mo- dic community outside Iceland. If you’re there in sasaur) and see North Ameri- August, be sure to check out Islendingadagu- DEMONYM ca’s most extensive collection rinn, the annual Icelandic Festival! People from Manitoba are called of marine fossils at the Cana- Manitobans dian Fossil Discovery Centre • Winnipeg is home to Canada’s oldest dance in Morden. company (the Royal Winnipeg Ballet), outdoor OFFICIAL MOTTO theatre (Rainbow Stage) and French-language Gloriosus et Liber (Glorious and free) Prairie pioneering: Step into theatre (Le Cercle Molière). the skilfully restored 1895 PROVINCIAL NICKNAMES home of Sir Hugh John Mac- • The Keystone Province donald at Dalnavert Museum; • The Postage Stamp Province discover a turn-of-the-century • Land of 100,000 Lakes Russian settlement at Men- nonite Heritage Village; or ex- LICENCE PLATE SLOGANS POSTAGE STAMP PROVINCE? plore more than 25 historic Manitoba started out small: the original pro- buildings at Fort la Reine • 1971–1975: vince was square-shaped and a mere 1/18th Museum. Sunny Manitoba, of its current size, thus earning its philate- 100,000 Lakes lic nickname. • 1976–present: Friendly Manitoba
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/DORQGH6WUHHW :KLWHZRRG6. www.donmcmorris.ca 103 Broadway St., Fort Qu’Appelle, SK 3KRQH [email protected] 306-332-5663 Grasslands News Group Canada 150 Special Edition July 1, 2017 7
OFFICIALLY NOT TO BE MISSED DID YOU KNOW?
CANADIAN SINCE... THE NORTHERN LIGHTS UNESCO World Heritage Site has soaring • The Northwest Territories has 11 officially reco- The Aurora Borealis are visible in the Nor- mountain cliffs, cathedral-like canyons, gnized languages: English, French, Inuktitut, thwest Territories up to 250 days a year. rushing rivers, ancient caves, spectacular Inuvialuktun, Inuinnaqtun, North Slavey, South Being located directly under the auroral oval waterfalls (Virginia falls), and luxurious hot- Slavey, Cree, Tlinchon/Dogrib, Gwich’in and allows for prime viewing, and low humidity springs. Rafting, canoeing, camping and hi- Chipewyan. Citizens have the right to use any 1870 of these languages in legislative proceedings and limited light pollution are also advan- king are just some of the ways this pristine tages. The Northern Lights are most likely to park can be explored. and territorial courts. Canada purchased the expansive area owned by be spotted in August and September and the Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC) — Rupert’s again from November to April, with peaks in GREAT NORTH ARTS FESTIVAL • The N.W.T. is home to both the largest and Land and North-Western Territory — after six the conditions that create the lights occur- Every summer in the town of Inuvik, vi- deepest lake in Canada. Great Bear Lake has a surface area of 31,153 km2, and Great Slave months of gruelling negotiations that took place ring every eleven years. sual artists, performers, locals and visi- Lake has a maximum depth of 614 metres. in London. As a freshly formed nation, Canada tors alike gather over a period of 10 days was eager to expand its borders both north and DOGSLEDDING TOURS to appreciate the diverse artistic traditions • This territory is the world’s second biggest pro- west, and simultaneously wanted to prevent the At one time in the Northwest Territories, the of the North. Inuit, First Nations and Metis ducer of diamonds. The diamonds are of supe- U.S. from further expanding (they’d already pur- only way to travel over land in winter was peoples display their creative talents, and rior quality than those found in Africa. chased Alaska from Russia a few years earlier). by dogsled. Nowadays, snowmobiling, dri- workshops in traditional mediums such as Britain supported these efforts and helped faci- ving and flying have replaced this ancient beading, weaving, soapstone and more are • The N.W.T. has no political parties. Instead, the litate the transfer. method of getting around Canada’s northern- a great way to have a more hands on expe- territory’s government is made up of individuals most places. However, dogsledding hasn’t rience. Live performances, primarily music and who are voted in by their individual names The lands acquired more than tripled Canada’s completely disappeared. It’s become a popular dancing, are also on offer. rather than party affiliation. At a federal level, size. They encompassed all of modern-day Alberta, winter sport, and competitive races are held N.W.T. elected officials are assigned to whiche- Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Yukon, Northwest Terri- every year. Visitors to the N.W.T. can expe- THE SALT PLAINS ver party is currently in power. tories and Nunavut, as well as most of Northern rience dogsledding as multi-day tours or short Near Fort Smith in Wood Buffalo National Park Ontario and Quebec. The land was purchased in jaunts into the winter wilderness. (Canada’s largest national park), salt bubbles • The Northwest Territories holds the largest amount 1869 for £300,000, and HBC kept the titles to va- up from springs over a 200-kilometre ex- of pingos — naturally occurring mounds of rious trading posts and 5 per cent of the territory NAHANNI NATIONAL PARK panse of desert-like plains. Salt-tolerant earth-covered ice — in the world. (mostly farmland in the prairies). For unspoiled wilderness, few places on earth plants thrive in the area and wildlife linge- can compare to Nahanni National Park. This ring nearby is frequently spotted. However, the actual takeover was postponed due to the Red River Rebellion led by Louis Riel. As a result, appropriation only commenced on July 15, 1870. Upon Canada’s acquisition of the new region, the entire area — minus a small square- sized lot around Winnipeg that was pronounced the province of Manitoba — became known as the North-West Territories.
LICENCE PLATE SLOGAN PHOTO: ADAM JONES, PH.D./GLOBAL PHOTO ARCHIVE/FLICKR
• Yellowknife is the coldest city in Canada with an annual mean temperature of -5.4 °C. In the north, it’s not uncommon for winter tempera- tures to dip down to -50 °C.
DEMONYM TERRITORIAL NICKNAMES • Ragged Ass Road in Yellowknife was so named People from the Northwest Territories • Canada’s Last Frontier by prospector Lou Rocher. While the name Spectacular are called Northwest Territorians, • North of Sixty sounds rather vulgar, the original street name, (plate is shaped like a polar bear) or N.W.T.ers for short. • Land of the Polar Bear Privy Road, wasn’t much better. • Nunatsiaq (beautiful land in Inuktitut)
Past the r um e e Muse th ge b t ita m a er e H w ie m v e d a o R r :H·OOKHOSUHVWRUH\RXU B Happy Birthday KRPHRUEXVLQHVV CANADA 150
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OFFICIALLY NOT TO BE MISSED DID YOU KNOW?
CANADIAN SINCE... If you’re headed out West to explore • Discover the province’s diverse • British Columbia is one of North America’s largest film production beautiful British Columbia, expect Aboriginal heritage at the Squa- centres. The province’s stunning scenery was featured in the the experience to be a memorable mish Lil’wat Cultural Centre, the Twilight series, The Hurt Locker, The Sisterhood of the Traveling one. This Pacific Northwest para- Haida Village Centre or the Nk’mip Pants and Dawn of the Planet of the Apes, among many other 1871 dise has it all: ocean breezes, Desert Cultural Centre. movies and TV shows. mountain views, incredible food, • Embrace the pristine remoteness world-class wine, rich history, vi- of the Great Bear Rainforest, the • Rumour has it that from 1947 to 1986 it was illegal to sell a stove Two members of the North West Company, Simon brant culture and year-round festi- world’s largest intact temperate in Vancouver — but only on Wednesdays. Fraser and David Thompson, established the first vals and events — not to mention rainforest and only place where • Nessie who? Okanagan Lake is the purported home of B.C.’s own European settlement in present-day British Columbia Canada’s warmest weather. it’s possible to glimpse a majes- sea monster, named Ogopogo. during the early 1800s. The region was mainly tic Spirit bear. used for the fur trade and remained largely unde- During your visit, you could: • Take in the majesty of Canada’s veloped for the next 50 years or so, contrasting with highest waterfall at Strathcona the rapid development underway in Eastern Canada. • Spend a few hours exploring Provincial Park, on Vancouver Is- In 1849 the British government invested in colonizing Canada’s first and oldest China- land. At 440 metres, Della Falls is the area, and James Douglas became the first gover- town in Victoria, or its biggest in eight times taller than Ontario’s nor of the colony of Vancouver Island in 1851. Vancouver. Niagara Falls! • Skinny dip at Wreck Beach. • Learn about Arctic exploration at Things were relatively calm during the next few • Swim in the warmest freshwater the Vancouver Maritime Museum, years, but this quiet period came to an abrupt halt lake in Canada, Osoyoos Lake. prehistory at the Dinosaur Disco- when gold was discovered along the lower Fraser • Experience the West Coast Spe- very Gallery, or the fur trade era at River in 1858. Gold-seekers flocked to the area cial: skiing and golfing on the Fort Langley National Historic Site. and eventually formed a second colony, this one same day. • Tour one or several of BC’s 200+ on the mainland, called British Columbia. In 1871, • Enjoy the booming craft beer scene wineries, located mainly in the the 12,000 non-Aboriginal residents of the Vancouver at one of 100+ breweries and brew gorgeous Okanagan Valley. Island and British Columbia colonies agreed to join pubs. Alternatively, join the fun du- • Attend the annual International Canada as a single province, on the condition that ring Vancouver Craft Beer Week, Bathtub Race in Nanaimo. Parti- the federal government build a transcontinental the Great Canadian Beer Festival cipants must make their way to CREDIT: LIBRARY AND ARCHIVES CANADA / COPYRIGHT: POST CORPORATION railroad to link them to the economic mainstays of or the Okanagan Fest-of-Ale. the finish line while staying afloat • B.C. has a surprising collection of roadside attractions, including the east. British Columbia entered Confederation • Travel back to the gold rush era in a modified bathtub. It’s quite the world’s largest tin soldier, push lawnmower, chainsaw, hockey on July 20, 1871; 15 years later, the much-delayed at Barkerville Historic Town. the sight to behold! stick and cross-country skis. Canadian Pacific Railway finally reached the pro- vince’s southwest coast. • Sasquatch sightings abound in B.C., and there’s even a provin- cial park named after the elusive hairy creature located in one of its rumoured hangouts. Campers beware!
LICENCE PLATE SLOGANS • The electric oven, egg carton and walkie-talkie were all invented in British Columbia.
DEMONYM People from B.C. are called British Columbians
Beautiful British Columbia PROVINCIAL NICKNAME The Pacific Province A special Olympic licence plate inscribed “The Best Place On Earth” was available OFFICIAL MOTTO between 2007 and 2010 in celebration of the Vancouver Winter Olympics Splendor sine occasu (Splendour without diminishment) Osoyoos Lake
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ҺҺ PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND
OFFICIALLY NOT TO BE MISSED DID YOU KNOW?
CANADIAN SINCE... FRESH, WILD LOBSTER Cavendish Beach — often rated one of the • The province actually consists of more than P.E.I. has not one but two lobster seasons: best in Canada — will allow you to par- one island — Prince Edward Island, and a the first runs from May to June and the take in all your favourite beach activities few dozen much smaller islands. Some of second, from August to October. The Mari- with those famed red cliffs to keep you these minor islands are deserted, others are 1873 time delicacy can be enjoyed at numerous company, and Jacques Cartier Beach is privately owned and a few are occupied by restaurants on the Island or picked up at perfect for beach camping. the Mi’kmaq peoples. a grocery store alive or cooked. However, Construction of a railroad on Prince Edward Island for a more hands-on experience, consi- CONFEDERATION TRAIL • Prince Edward Island produces a quarter of eft the colony with a crippling debt. Confederation der participating in a floating lobster boil. In 1990, the railway lines in P.E.I. stop- Canada’s potatoes. Spuds have been grown was the solution to this financial disaster, as well as You’ll go out on a boat, learn about lobster ped running and all the tracks were dis- on the Island since the 18th century. an answer to the so-called Land Question (a highly fishing, help haul in traps and ultimately mantled. The newly freed passageway contentious issue involving the system of land owner- enjoy a lobster feast with all the trimmings became a recreational trail that can be • P.E.I. is the smallest Canadian province, in ship on the Island). Canada agreed to pay out the aboard the vessel. cycled, jogged, walked, or snowmobiled. both size and population. However, it’s also railway debt and buy land from absentee landlords, The 273-kilometre gravel path crosses the most densely populated (approximately and further promised to implement and maintain a GREEN GABLES HERITAGE PLACE the Island from end to end, with additional 24 people per square kilometre). year-round communication link with the Island. On This iconic literary landmark is located in a trails branching off the main line. Some of July 1, 1873, it became official: P.E.I. was the seventh National Park and a must-see for visitors these branches permit horseback riders. • The Island has no major lakes or rivers (only province to enter the Canadian Confederation. The to the Island. The National Historic Site in Exploring the trail is a great way to take in ponds, brooks and streams); residents are the- occasion was observed in Charlottetown with a small Cavendish is the inspiration and setting the beauty of Prince Edward Island. refore dependent on naturally filtered ground- ceremony and celebration. behind Lucy Maud Montgomery’s world- water for drinking. famous novel, Anne of Green Gables. VICTORIA ROW However, all of this occurred less than ten years after Guests are able to tour the house itself The cobbled streets of Victoria Row in Char- • Prince Edward Island was briefly part of the Charlottetown Conference, during which the Mari- (styled to reflect Victorian-era realities) lottetown offer an abundance of cafés, res- Nova Scotia. In 1763, after French territo- time colonies and the Province of Canada (Quebec and the external grounds as well. taurants, art galleries (including the Confe- ries in North America were officially ceded to and Ontario) first began to put together the ideas deration Centre of the Arts), live musical the British, the two colonies were joined. Six that led to Confederation. Unlike the other colonies SANDY BEACHES performances and shops selling local pro- years later, after much lobbying by Island nvolved, Prince Edward Island ultimately declined Prince Edward Island has over 800 kilo- ducts to explore. Victorian-era architecture proprietors, P.E.I. became its own colony to partake in the union, feeling that the terms were metres of sandy beaches. Basin Head is gives the area a rustic charm, and historic once again. disagreeable. Still, P.E.I.’s original involvement in the known for its singing sand (a mysterious buildings (such as Province House) can be preliminary talks led to the province touting itself as phenomenon not entirely understood), toured. • Confederation Bridge, which links Prince the birthplace of Confederation. Edward Island to New Brunswick by road, first opened in 1997. It’s 12.9 kilometres long, curved to keep drivers alert, and takes about 10 minutes to cross. PROVINCIAL NICKNAMES • Île Saint-Jean was the province’s name prior to 1799 • Garden of the Gulf • Eilean a’ Phrionnsa (Island of the Prince in Gaelic) • Epekwitk (Resting on the Waves in Mi’kmaq) • Birthplace of Confederation or Cradle of Confederation
DEMONYM People from P.E.I. are called Prince Edward slanders, or simply Islanders LICENCE PLATE SLOGAN • The musical rendition of Anne of Green Gables (first performed in 1965) is officially OFFICIAL MOTTO Birthplace of Confederation recognized by Guinness World Records as the Parva sub ingenti longest running annual musical theatre pro- The small under the protection of the great) duction in the world.
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ҺҺ YUKON
OFFICIALLY NOT TO BE MISSED DID YOU KNOW?
CANADIAN SINCE... Remote, but far from desolate, this off- awakening. Migrating swans start to • Originally called “Yukon Territory”; the official name the-beaten-path slice of Canada’s north arrive and wildflowers begin to show was shortened to simply “Yukon” in 2002. delights visitors and locals alike with their colours, but skiers and snowboar- culinary discoveries, state-of-the-art mu- ders still have time left to spend on the • Whitehorse is the current territorial capital (and home 1898 seums and year-round festivals and slopes. to over 75% of Yukon’s population), but it wasn’t the events. If you’re planning to visit Yukon, first: Dawson City held that title until 1952. make sure your to-do list includes: Summer (June to August) is the season The discovery of gold near Dawson City in 1896 of hot days and round-the-clock sun- • With 38,200 residents, it’s the least populated of all triggered an era of unbridled mining activity known • A visit to the MacBride Museum of shine. The gorgeous — and short-lived the provinces and territories. as the Klondike Gold Rush. People from all over the Yukon History and the Tachäl Dhäl Vi- — warm weather provides the perfect continent ventured to the Canadian North in hopes sitor Centre for a look at the territory’s setting for festivals, events and im- • Every second year, adventurous athletes take on the of snagging a slice of the gilded pie. The region fascinating heritage promptu parties. Yukon 1000, a 1,000-mile canoe race along the Yukon was originally part of the Northwest Territories, but • A trip to the Northern Lights Centre, River between Whitehorse and the Dalton Highway. this sudden influx of gold-seekers — as many as hopefully followed by a glimpse of the Fall (September and October) transforms Competitors paddle up to 18 hours a day over the 100,000, according to some estimates — promp- real deal the Yukon’s lush summer greenery into course of 7 to 12 days. ted the government to make Yukon a distinct fede- • A dip in the Takhini Hot Springs a spectacular red-and-gold masterpiece. ral territory in 1898. • A dogsledding adventure, weather per- Temperatures are cool, but not overly so, • Yukon Quest is another 1,000-mile race beginning mitting creating excellent hiking conditions mi- in Whitehorse — this time during the winter. Partici- For context, the following events also took place in • A hike along one of Yukon’s iconic trails nus the insects. pants travel on dog sled for 10 to 16 days until they Canada in the year 1898: (like the Cottonwood) reach Fairbanks, Alaska. Winter (November to March) is cold but • A nationwide vote found 278,380 Canadians in There’s no “best time” to visit Yukon, as bright. In addition to providing the right • The lowest temperature ever documented in conti- favour of prohibition and 264,690 against. Every every season brings something unique conditions for dog sledding and other nental North America was recorded in the village of province voted dry except Quebec. The result to experience. traditional pursuits, it’s the best time of Snag, Yukon, on February 3, 1947. Local thermome- was deemed too close for Parliament to take any year to view the northern lights in all ters plummeted to a brisk -60 °C — 105 degrees action. Spring (April and May) marks nature’s their splendour. below the Canadian record high of 45 °C set in Yellow • Canada Post released the world’s first Christ- Grass, Saskatchewan. mas-themed stamp. • The first locomotive was put in operation on the • The Northern Pacific Railroad released the Klondiker’s White Pass and Yukon Railway. List in 1897. The list, which outlined the supplies nee- • Emma Casgrain from Quebec became Canada’s ded to support a prospector in Yukon for one year, first female dentist. included 150 lbs. of bacon, 400 lbs. of flour, 5 yards of mosquito netting, and a 10’ x 12’ tent intended to sleep four.
LICENCE PLATE SLOGANS • Between 1896 and 2013, an estimated 14 million ounces of gold was mined in Yukon. At current mar- ket price, the total bounty would be worth an unfatho- mable $20,800,000,000 — that’s 20 billion 800 million!
• 1954–1969: Land of the Midnight Sun OFFICIAL MOTTO • 1970–1976: Home of the Klondike • 1977–present: The Klondike Yukon is one of only two Canadian jurisdictions without an official motto (neighbouring Nor- thwest Territories is the other). However, this is about to change. Earlier this year, the Royal DEMONYM Canadian Legion in Whitehorse asked citizens to submit their motto ideas as part of a contest. People from Yukon are called Yukoners, but the nickname The winning entry, Remembering our Past, Embracing our Future, was submitted by legion Sourdoughs is often used colloquially. The moniker was TERRITORIAL NICKNAME member Darcy Grossinger and has since been approved by the Yukon Legislature. The new originally given to Gold Rush miners for whom sourdough Land of the Midnight Sun motto will become official on Canada Day 2017 after receiving final approval from Ottawa. bread was crucial to surviving the harsh Yukon winters.
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Happy Canada Day! th For inquiries about vacancies please call Enjoy the 150 celebrations Harrison Manor (306-332-0032), Harrison House (306-332-5556) or Cell (306-501-1814, 306-591-1814) Grasslands News Group Canada 150 Special Edition July 1, 2017 13
ҺҺ ALBERTA
OFFICIALLY NOT TO BE MISSED DID YOU KNOW?
CANADIAN SINCE... A compelling destination for visitors world- Held every July, this 10-day celebration of • Alberta is home to the “Dinosaur Capital of wide, Alberta offers everything from breathta- western culture and hospitality features ro- the World.” Situated in the middle of a co- king landscapes to unforgettable cultural ex- deos, parades, concerts, crop competitions lossal fossil-bearing canyon in the Dru- periences. It’s a province you’ll definitely want and pancakes galore! An estimated 200,000 mheller Valley, the Royal Tyrrell Museum of 1905 to put on your list of Canadian must-sees! free pancakes are served during the Calgary Palaeontology houses more than 130,000 Stampede each year. fossils and numerous specimens from Al- NATIONAL PARKS berta’s badlands. In fact, Alberta is known Originally established as a provisional district of Home to five of Canada’s UNESCO World Heri- But that’s not all! The Edmonton Internatio- to have one of the greatest diversities of the North-West Territories in 1882, Alberta joined tage Sites, Alberta has no shortage of natural nal Fringe Festival — the oldest and largest Late Cretaceous dinosaur fossils on Earth. Confederation in 1905, along with Saskatchewan. attractions. Named one of 2017’s Top Travel fringe theatre festival in North America — pro- With the fur trade in rapid decline during the Destinations by the National Geographic, vides festivalgoers with a range of eclectic per- • The West Edmonton Mall in the province’s 1850s and 60s, British North American leaders Banff National Park is every traveller’s formances to enjoy: stand up comedy, impro- capital is the largest shopping centre in started exploiting the land’s agricultural potential. dream. Camped between the rugged peaks of visational theatre, poetry reading, storytelling, North America. It covers an area of 5.3 mil- By the end of the 19th century, the Canadian West the Canadian Rockies, Banff offers exquisite etc. Held every August, the festival advocates lion square feet and boasts over 800 had undergone exponential change. In addition hiking trails and soothing hot springs. And freedom of expression and provides a platform shops, an indoor theme park and a full- to experiencing an agricultural boom, the territo- don’t forget to stop at Lake Louise to marvel for artists to share their work, uncensored. service theatre, among other amenities. ries west of Ontario also saw urban development at some of the most turquoise waters you’ll thanks to an increase in logging camps, mining have ever seen! EXCURSIONS • In 2015, the southern city of Medicine centres and railway construction sites. Do you live for open-air adventures? Alberta Hat announced it had built enough micro FESTIVALS is the perfect stop for thrill-seekers, no mat- homes to end chronic homelessness wit- In 1883, the Canadian Pacific Railway reached Do you have festival fever? From world-famous ter which time of year! Trek along the glaciers hin its borders. Calgary, opening the floodgates to Alberta’s fertile, rodeos to mind-blowing fringe festivals, Al- in the Columbia Icefield; straddle the Rocky wheat-bearing lands. Furthermore, with the United berta’s city centres are nothing short of enter- Mountains’ Great Divide on snowshoe; canoe • Instead of a key to the city, dignitaries vi- States demonstrating true expansionist aims since taining. Dubbed the “Greatest Outdoor Show down the Bow River in Banff like the fur tra- siting Calgary receive a white felt cowboy the time of Confederation, Canada began asserting on Earth,” the Calgary Stampede is where ders of Canada’s past; or climb to new heights hat: a coveted Smithbilt, no less. its presence in the Prairie Provinces by sending ridin’, ropin’ and ranglin’ take centre stage. up Mount Norquay’s Via Ferrata (Iron Road). the Royal Mounted Police westward to present- • Patricia Lake in Jasper, Alberta was the day Lethbridge, where they founded Fort Macleod. site of Operation Habbakuk, a top-secret WWII military project to build a prototype However, for a government that possessed almost aircraft carrier out of ice. The theory was all the powers and responsibilities of a province in that ‘ice ships’ could bypass magnetic its own right, Alberta, like its sister territories, lacked mines undetected. Safe to say that the the financial resources to build schools and advance operation floundered. public works. It became clear to politicians like Sir Frederick William Haultain — an active member of the territorial legislature — that provincial status was the only way to achieve strong political power similar to that enjoyed by the existing Canadian provinces. In the early 1900s, Haultain fought tire- lessly to obtain provincial self-government, and although he always advocated for one single pro- vince, in the end, Canada welcomed two: Alberta and its eastern neighbour, Saskatchewan. Lake Louise
LICENCE PLATE SLOGAN DEMONYM PROVINCIAL NICKNAMES A ROYAL NAMESAKE People from Alberta are called Albertans • Wild Rose Country Did you know that Alberta was named in honour of Princess • The Princess Province Louise Caroline Alberta, the fourth daughter of history’s Wild Rose OFFICIAL MOTTO • The Energy Province most famous monarch, Queen Victoria, and the wife of Country Fortis et Liber (Strong and free) • Texas North John Campbell, former Governor General of Canada?
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Website - www.fortquappelle.com Grasslands News Group Canada 150 14 July 1, 2017
ҺҺ SASKATCHEWAN
OFFICIALLY NOT TO BE MISSED DID YOU KNOW?
CANADIAN SINCE... Saskatchewan may be best known for its put to use by local criminals. During Prohi- • In 2012, Canadians voted Saskatchewan as Prairie charm, but don’t let this reputation fool bition, bootleggers used the passageways the least beautiful province in the country. you: the province is also a refuge of crystal- to store and transport liquor, and the chan- Saskatchewanians were livid and retaliated by line lakes and rivers, dense and wild forests, nels even had their own speakeasies. Chinese flooding the internet with pictures of their most stunning sandscapes, rocky cliffs and exotic immigrants facing racial discrimination also stunning landscapes. 1905 tundra. The province’s varied beauty is the used them to evade persecution. main lure for travellers. • Saskatchewan is the only province that doesn’t In the late 19th century, the European population in BIG MUDDY BADLANDS observe daylight saving time. the part of Canada we now call Saskatchewan was MANITOU LAKE On the southern border of Saskatchewan rapidly growing. The Dominion Lands Act (a law Saskatchewan has over 100,000 lakes, but near Coronach you’ll find the Big Muddy • Saskatchewan is the name of the principal river running through the province and an which granted free land to settlers who esta- southeast of Saskatoon you’ll find the pro- badlands, an area where outlaws of the Wild blished homesteads in the Prairies) was a large anglicised version of a Cree word, kisiskâciwa- vince’s own version of the Dead Sea. For- West once hid out. Ancient buttes, sandstone nisîpiy, meaning swiftly flowing river. factor in their arrival. med out of receding glaciers and fed by caves and wide-open expanses define the underground springs, Manitou Lake has an area. A guided tour will grant you access • Saskatchewan produces more NHL hockey First Nations leaders in the area had signed away their extraordinarily high content of mineral salt to areas normally off limits to visitors, players per capita than any other province. land rights in the Numbered Treaties, and were at- (three times saltier than the ocean), which such as ceremonial circles, rock effigies Seventeen Saskatchewan-born players (inclu- tempting to make the switch from a nomadic way makes it exceedingly buoyant. The lake is and outlaw caves. ding Gordie Howe) have been inducted into the of life to an agricultural one. However, when the said to have healing powers, and there are Hockey Hall of Fame. treaties were broken, rebellions ensued and the even stories of Assiniboine individuals in the ATHABASCA SAND DUNES rallied First Nations in the region were forcibly 19th century who went to the lake and were The most northerly sand dunes in the world • In 1947, Saskatchewan became the first pro- quelled so that Canadian expansion might continue. healed of smallpox. There’s a spa and hotel are spread across a 100-kilometre stretch vince to implement Medicare. on site to accommodate visitors. around Lake Athabasca. The Sand Dunes At the turn of the century, the area was administe- are estimated to be 8,000 years old and • You may already know that Saskatchewan is red as a part of the North-West Territories, which MOOSE JAW TUNNELS home to a number of plant species not Canada’s largest producer of wheat, but the then included all of present-day Northwest Territo- At the beginning of the 20th century, officials found anywhere else. The area is hauntingly province also produces most of our country’s ries, Yukon, Nunavut, Alberta and Saskatchewan, planned to have the city of Moose Jaw run beautiful but also remote. Access is only mustard, chickpeas, dry peas and lentils. as well as large parts of Manitoba, Ontario and on steam power. An extensive system of possible by boat or floatplane. Other stun- Quebec. But with the Prairie population mushroo- tunnels was thereby dug out and then aban- ning sandscapes in Saskatchewan include ming, a more localized government began to make doned when the project was brought to an the Great Sandhills and the sand dunes at sense. In 1900, local leaders began petitioning for unexpected halt. Afterwards, the tunnels were Douglas Provincial Park. provincial status, and in 1905 the North-West Ter- ritories was cut up to create two new provinces: Saskatchewan and Alberta. Big Muddy Badlands
LICENCE PLATE SLOGAN
• Saskatchewan has more days of sunshine per year than any other Canadian province. The Land of Living Skies sunniest town is Estevan, which boasts an annual average of 2,540 hours of sunlight.
• Saskatchewan is one of the most tornado- active parts of Canada. Most years, 12 to 18 DEMONYM PROVINCIAL NICKNAMES OFFICIAL MOTTO will hit the region. In 1912, the worst tornado People from Saskatchewan are called • Land of the Living Skies Multis e gentibus vires in Canadian history — the Regina Cyclone — Saskatchewanians and sometimes • The Bread Basket of Canada (From many peoples, strength) struck the province’s capital, claiming 28 lives nicknamed Flat-landers • The Wheat Province and rendering 2,500 people homeless. • The Land of Seed and Honey
Wishing you and yours a safe and happy
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Melville SK www.cathaywagantall.ca Grasslands News Group Canada 150 Special Edition July 1, 2017 15
ҺҺ NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR
OFFICIALLY NOT TO BE MISSED DID YOU KNOW?
CANADIAN SINCE... Every year, travellers near and far are drawn mitive camping experience among the uns- • There are more varieties of English spoken in to Canada’s eastern edge for its inspiring poiled forests of Terra Nova National Park. Newfoundland and Labrador than anywhere natural beauty and rich culture — a product else in the world. In fact, the province has of Newfoundland’s English, French, Irish and CULTURAL EXPERIENCES its own English-language dictionary and en- 1949 Aboriginal heritage. If you’re searching for live music and rousing cyclopedia, the Dictionary of Newfoundland theatre performances, then Newfoundland English. OUTDOOR ADVENTURES should soar to the top of your list of travel Oh, Newfoundland: Canada’s historical paradox. Did Between ancient rock formations, rugged destinations. Home to some of the country’s • Approximately 94% of the province’s total you know that England’s oldest overseas colony coastlines, thick boreal forests and teeming finest writers, musicians, actors and come- population resides on the island of New- was actually an independent country before joining herds of wildlife (caribou, seabirds, moose, dians, there’s no shortage of festivals and foundland, and half of that population lives Canadian ranks in 1949? In fact, Newfoundland’s black bears, humpback whales, etc.), New- events in Newfoundland, especially during in St. John’s. decision to join Canada contradicted the province’s foundland’s wild, natural beauty surrounds the summer months! Set in the heart of the lengthy history. Many decades before, Newfoundlan- you at every turn. With its four national parks, winding colourful streets of St. John’s, the • St. John’s is the provincial capital and the ders brazenly rejected Confederation in favour of 18 wilderness and ecological reserves, and Newfoundland and Labrador Folk Festival oldest city in all of North America. Explorer a destiny alongside Canada, rather than within it. numerous botanical gardens, there are many in August is the most attended cultural event John Cabot became the first European to sail ways to revel in Newfoundland’s natural glo- of the season. And if you’re a history buff, you into the harbour in 1497, although this tidbit LOOKING BACK… ry. Stand on top of the world at Gros Morne won’t want to miss the Gros Morne Theatre of history has been hotly contested. Accor- In 1907, Newfoundland acquired Dominion sta- National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Festival, which kicks off in June, as it brings ding to archaeological findings and the an- tus from the UK, which put the now-province on Site; travel back in time to where the Vikings Newfoundland and Labrador’s vibrant past to cient tales of the Norse Sagas, the infamous equal ground with Canada. The two countries settled some 1,000 years ago at L’Anse life. Between lighthouse picnics, art gallery Vikings may have been the first Europeans to self-governed side by side until 1933. Faced with aux Meadows National Historic Site; get tours and walking festivals, Newfoundland is make land in the New World, settling in New- unsustainable government debt following the First up close to a 10,000-year-old glacial giant brimming with cultural experiences for every foundland and Labrador (or Vinland, as they World War, rapidly declining fish prices and the drifting down Iceberg Alley; or opt for a pri- type of traveller! called it) over one thousand years ago. astronomical cost of maintaining a trans-island railway, Newfoundland was forced to give up its independence in exchange for the Crown’s support. Gros Morne National Park
At the dawn of the Second World War, however, Newfoundland began to prosper anew, and locals aspired to break from English rule once more. But political leader Joseph “Joey” R. Smallwood, the last Father of Confederation, strongly believed a wider union with Canada would lift the province and its people out of poverty by providing a social safety net and paving the way for industrialization. • While the rest of Canada lives and breathes hockey, Newfoundlanders go crazy for... rug- Was Newfoundland to join the Confederation or re- by! (Although they also like a good game of turn to self-government? After two consecutive refe- soccer.) Swilers Rugby Park in St. John’s is the rendums, Newfoundland became the tenth province biggest rugby stadium in all of Canada, with a to enter the Canadian Confederation on March 31, maximum capacity of 6,500 people. This dif- 1949, and in December 2001, an amendment was ference in sports culture is due in part to the made to the Constitution to change the province’s province’s long history under British rule. official name to Newfoundland and Labrador. • In addition to being some of the friendliest people on Earth, Newfoundlanders are known LICENCE PLATE SLOGAN DEMONYM for their knack for storytelling. People from Newfoundland and Labrador are officially called Newfoundlanders, but the colloquial term Newfie is often used in Canada to refer to the province’s locals. Considered a slur from its past use by American and Canadian military personnel stationed in the pro- PROVINCIAL NICKNAMES vince who used the term loosely in their jokes, “Newfie” is sometimes perceived as being offensive. However, many Newfoundlanders would argue that it’s actually a source of pride. • The Rock (in reference to the Island of Newfoundland) OFFICIAL MOTTO: Prime Regnum Dei (Seek Ye first the kingdom of God) • The Big Land (in reference to Labrador) 1993–2001: A World of Difference
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ҺҺ NUNAVUT
OFFICIALLY NOT TO BE MISSED DID YOU KNOW?
CANADIAN SINCE... For a lot of travellers, Canada’s vast North is around the floe edge; camping under the dan- • Nunavut is Canada’s only geo-political region that still uncharted territory. But don’t let its brisk cing lights of the Aurora Borealis; sailing past is not connected to the rest of North America northern weather and snow-filled lands- glacial mountains aboard an arctic cruise by highway. In fact, Nunavut has no connecting capes deter you. As one of the largest un- ship; embarking on a snowmobile expedition highways; travelling between communities is lar- spoiled territories on Earth, Nunavut’s na- across Nunavut’s pristine wilderness; paddling gely done by aircraft, cruise ship, snowmobile and 1999 even dogsled. tural beauty promises the Arctic adventure down some of the world’s most beautiful ri- of a lifetime! vers; or touring vibrant communities (Arc- On April 1, 1999, new boundaries were drawn tic Bay, Igloolik, Cape Dorset, Iqaluit, etc.) • Nunavut is home to the world’s northernmost in Canada’s North. Carved out of the central THINGS TO DO to experience the Inuit way of life firsthand. permanently inhabited settlement, Alert — a and eastern areas of the Northwest Territories, Wildlife viewing, fishing, hunting, dogsledding, cold, hard and desolate land with a population of 62. Nunavut — which means “our land” in Inukti- snowmobiling, camping, hiking, canoeing, CLIMATE tut — finally became a distinct Canadian terri- kayaking — there are many ways adven- Pack your down coats and extreme cold- tory after years of tireless negotiations. • A vast wilderness, Nunavut spreads over an area ture-seekers can experience Canada’s true weather gear because Nunavut’s arctic cli- the size of Western Europe: 2,093,000 km2. North. A land brimming with history, fauna and mate can sometimes be unforgiving. Bitterly IN A NUTSHELL spectacular arctic landscapes, Nunavut has cold in the winter and cool to cold in the The creation of Nunavut was the outcome of increasingly been attracting explorers from summer, Nunavut is home to some of the iciest the largest Aboriginal land claims agreement all over the globe. Enjoy the sights and communities on Earth. However, the cool in Canadian history. A surge in oil, gas and sounds of Canada’s youngest territory by days of spring bring plenty of sunshine and mineral exploration in the North during the 70s admiring the local wildlife (polar bears, wal- the low humidity in the north helps reduce forced the Inuit to organize in response to the ruses, caribou, narwhals, etc.) that gather the impact of the cold. fast-paced economic developments affecting their land. (The Inuit and First Nations peoples have a spiritual connection to the land, animals and sea, and believe resources must be used wisely as a show of respect.) A traditional hun- ter-gatherer society, the Inuit sought self-go- vernance as a means to protect their cultural well-being. After years of re-negotiating trea- ties, the Canadian government finally enacted the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement in 1993, which gave the Inuit a slice of the North and • Iqaluit is the current territorial capital and the only bestowed them with various rights, including community within Nunavut to have received its wildlife and resource management. The birth order of status as a city. of Canada’s newest, largest and northernmost • Nunavut has the highest birthrate of Canada’s territory resulted in the first major change to provinces and territories, with 52% of its popula- the country’s geo-political map since the inclu- tion under the age of 25. sion of Newfoundland in 1949. LICENCE PLATE SLOGAN • All homes in Nunavut are built on stilts to avoid melting the region’s permafrost (year-round frozen subsoil). 1999–2011: Explore Canada’s Arctic • Nunavut has no local or city police, but one RCMP DEMONYM NEW PLATES, NEW IDENTITY branch located in the territory’s capital. People from Nunavut are officially referred At the time of separation, vehicles in Nunavut to as Nunavummiut (Noo-na-vu-mee-uth), continued to circulate with the Northwest Terri- • In an attempt to transmit their ancestral heritage, although the term Inuit, or its derogatory tories’ iconic bear-shaped licence plate, introdu- community elders teach youth traditional skills, counterpart “eskimo,” is often incorrectly used ced in 1970. Later, in 2011, Nunavut decided it was time to differentiate itself further from its such as hunting, butchering and skinning of slain to refer to any person hailing from Canada’s former reliance, and a contest was launched to create new plates. Among the 200 designs animals, in school. Great North. submitted, it was Iqaluit resident Ron Froese’s beautiful night scene that captured the hearts • Nunavut has more artists per capita than any of government officials. Today, Nunavut’s rectangular plates feature a polar bear, an inuksuk, other place in the world. In fact, arts and crafts OFFICIAL MOTTO three sets of northern lights for the territory’s three regions (Kitikmeot, Kivalliq and Qikiqtaa- make up a significant portion of the territory’s (Our Land, Our Strength) luk) and 25 stars for each of the territory’s communities. The plates bear no official slogan economic activity. and feature the Inuktitut syllabics for Nunavut ( ) at the bottom.
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