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State of the Physical, Biological and Selected Fishery Resources of Pacific Canadian Marine Ecosystems in 2015

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State of the Physical, Biological and Selected Fishery Resources of Pacific Canadian Marine Ecosystems in 2015 State of the Physical, Biological and Selected Fishery Resources of Pacific Canadian Marine Ecosystems in 2015 Peter C. Chandler, Stephanie A. King and R. Ian Perry (Editors) Fisheries & Oceans Canada Institute of Ocean Sciences 9860 West Saanich Rd. Sidney, B.C. V8L 4B2 Canada 2016 Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 3179 Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Technical reports contain scientific and technical information that contributes to existing knowledge but which is not normally appropriate for primary literature. Technical reports are directed primarily toward a worldwide audience and have an international distribution. No restriction is placed on subject matter and the series reflects the broad interests and policies of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, namely, fisheries and aquatic sciences. Technical reports may be cited as full publications. The correct citation appears above the abstract of each report. Each report is abstracted in the data base Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts. Technical reports are produced regionally but are numbered nationally. Requests for individual reports will be filled by the issuing establishment listed on the front cover and title page. Numbers 1-456 in this series were issued as Technical Reports of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. Numbers 457-714 were issued as Department of the Environment, Fisheries and Marine Service, Research and Development Directorate Technical Reports. Numbers 715-924 were issued as Department of Fisheries and Environment, Fisheries and Marine Service Technical Reports. The current series name was changed with report number 925. Rapport technique canadien des sciences halieutiques et aquatiques Les rapports techniques contiennent des renseignements scientifiques et techniques qui constituent une contribution aux connaissances actuelles, mais qui ne sont pas normalement appropriés pour la publication dans un journal scientifique. Les rapports techniques sont destinés essentiellement à un public international et ils sont distribués à cet échelon. II n'y a aucune restriction quant au sujet; de fait, la série reflète la vaste gamme des intérêts et des politiques de Pêches et Océans Canada, c'est-à-dire les sciences halieutiques et aquatiques. Les rapports techniques peuvent être cités comme des publications à part entière. Le titre exact figure au-dessus du résumé de chaque rapport. Les rapports techniques sont résumés dans la base de données Résumés des sciences aquatiques et halieutiques. Les rapports techniques sont produits à l'échelon régional, mais numérotés à l'échelon national. Les demandes de rapports seront satisfaites par l'établissement auteur dont le nom figure sur la couverture et la page du titre. Les numéros 1 à 456 de cette série ont été publiés à titre de Rapports techniques de l'Office des recherches sur les pêcheries du Canada. Les numéros 457 à 714 sont parus à titre de Rapports techniques de la Direction générale de la recherche et du développement, Service des pêches et de la mer, ministère de l'Environnement. Les numéros 715 à 924 ont été publiés à titre de Rapports techniques du Service des pêches et de la mer, ministère des Pêches et de l'Environnement. Le nom actuel de la série a été établi lors de la parution du numéro 925. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 3179 2016 STATE OF THE PHYSICAL, BIOLOGICAL AND SELECTED FISHERY RESOURCES OF PACIFIC CANADIAN MARINE ECOSYSTEMS IN 2015 by Peter C. Chandler1, Stephanie A. King2 and R. Ian Perry3 (Editors) 1Fisheries & Oceans Canada Institute of Ocean Sciences 9860 West Saanich Road Sidney, B.C. V8L 4B2 Canada [email protected] 2Sea This Consulting 1814 Bay Steet Nanaimo, B.C. V9T 3A2 Canada [email protected] 3Fisheries & Oceans Canada Pacific Biological Station 3190 Hammond Bay Road Nanaimo, B.C. V9T 6N7 Canada [email protected] i © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2016, as represented by the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans. Cat. No. Fs97-6/3179E-PDF ISBN 978-0-660-06164-1 ISSN 1488-5379 Correct citation for this publication: Chandler, P.C., King, S.A., and Perry, R.I. (Eds.). 2016. State of the physical, biological and selected fishery resources of Pacific Canadian marine ecosystems in 2015. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 3179: viii + 230 p. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents .....................................................................................................................iii Abstract ....................................................................................................................................vi Résumé ....................................................................................................................................vii 1. Highlights ................................................................................................................... 1 2. Introduction ................................................................................................................ 5 3. Overview and summary.............................................................................................. 6 4. Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................10 Individual reports on conditions in the Northeast Pacific and British Columbia’s outer coast ........................................................................................................................................11 5. British Columbia hydroclimatological conditions, 2015 (Anslow et al.) ......................12 6. Wind-driven upwelling/downwelling along the northwest coast of North America: Timing and magnitude (Hourston and Thomson) .......................................22 7. Sea level in British Columbia, 1910 to 2015 (Ballantyne) .........................................32 8. El Niño, the Blob and another warmest year (Ross) .................................................34 9. Sea surface temperature and salinity trends observed at lighthouses and weather buoys in British Columbia, 2015 (Chandler) ................................................40 10. Oxygen concentration in B.C. waters (Crawford and Peña) ......................................45 11. 2015 conditions along the coast of Vancouver Island (La Perouse Program) and Line P (Yelland and Robert) ..............................................................................48 12. Satellite and buoy observations of B.C. waters (Gower and King) ............................54 13. Phytoplankton in surface waters along Line P and off the west coast of Vancouver Island (Peña and Nemcek) .....................................................................57 14. Lower trophic levels in the Northeast Pacific (Batten) ...............................................61 15. Zooplankton along the B.C. continental margin, 2015 (Galbraith et al.) ....................64 16. Pacific Herring in British Columbia, 2015 (Cleary et al.) ...........................................72 17. Eulachon status and trends in B.C. (MacConnachie et al.) .......................................77 18. La Perouse acoustic-trawl survey (Boldt et al.) .........................................................82 19. WCVI Multi-species small-mesh bottom trawl surveys (target species: Smooth Pink Shrimp) (Perry et al.) ........................................................................................87 20. 2015 growth of juvenile Coho Salmon off WCVI was above average (Trudel et al.) .............................................................................................................92 21. 2015 distribution and abundance of Pacific Hake (Merluccius productus) (Gauthier et al.) .........................................................................................................96 22. Sockeye Salmon indicator stocks – Regional overview of trends, 2015 returns, and 2016-2018 outlook (Hyatt et al.) ...................................................................... 100 23. Trends of Chinook Salmon abundance in fisheries managed under the Pacific Salmon Treaty (Parken et al.) ................................................................................ 105 24. The summer travels of Albacore Tuna in 2014 and 2015 (Holmes) ......................... 108 iii 25. Fin Whales in British Columbia: Inshore habitat use in Hecate Strait, Queen Charlotte Sound and the confined waterways of Caamaño and Campania Sounds (Nichol et al.) ............................................................................................. 112 26. Observations on seabirds along the outer coast (Hipfner) ...................................... 117 Individual reports on conditions in inside waters (including the Strait of Georgia) ........ 121 27. Ocean state changes and variations in environmental conditions affecting Sockeye Salmon in the terminal marine area of Alberni Inlet in 2015 (Stiff et al.) .............................................................................................................. 122 28. Hakai Oceanography Program: Central Coast and northern Strait of Georgia time series (Hunt et al.) .......................................................................................... 127 29. Vancouver Aquarium data on shallow seabed physical oceanography (Marliave et al.) ....................................................................................................... 132 30. A novel carbonate system time series from a highly resolved site in the
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