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UN ACORAZADO EN LA HISTORIA Estados Unidos, Un Agradecimien

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UN ACORAZADO EN LA HISTORIA Estados Unidos, Un Agradecimien 2A EXPRESO uN VISTAZO Sábado 23 de Febrero de 2013 AP / EXPRESO AP El monumento construido en honor a la tripulación del USS Maine, hundido en Cuba durante el confl icto entre Estados Unidos y España, luce ahora descuidado en La Habana. Un monumentoEL TRIBUTO A UN HECHO HISTÓRICO olvidado en Cuba Inician la restauración de un símbolo de la relación entre EU y la isla LA HABANA.- Poco antes de las diez de una noche de febrero de 1898 una explosión sacudió las aguas ha- bitualmente calmas del puerto de La Habana, rompiendo ventanales en la ciudad y hundiendo el USS Mai- ne, del que sólo quedaron visibles el mástil y algunos escombros. Veintisiete años después se de- veló un monumento a los 266 ma- Especial / EXPRESO Especial rinos que fallecieron esa noche, el cual fue considerado un tributo a la duradera amistad entre Cuba y UN ACORAZADO EN LA HISTORIA Estados Unidos, un agradecimien- El USS Maine (ACR-1) fue un acorazado pre- to a Washington por su ayuda para / EXPRESO AP acabar con el yugo colonial español, Una de las águilas durante los procesos de restauración. dreadnought de Segunda Clase de la Armada que fue extremadamente cruel en de los Estados Unidos, el segundo en entrar esta isla. tos, quien custodia el monumento de teoría de la conspiración sigue viva noche desde hace 17 años. en Cuba incluso entre los círculos en servicio y el primer buque de la Armada El distanciamiento Pero las cosas no se dieron como intelectuales y la prensa ofi cial. estadounidense en portar el nombre del estado En los años siguientes, no obstante, se pensó inicialmente. las relaciones entre los dos países se Muchos cubanos resintieron la Versión ofi cial en Cuba de Maine. agriaron y el monumento quedó en Enmienda Platt de 1901, mediante la El diario Granma del Partido Co- el olvido. Las relaciones entre Was- cual Washington se reservó el de- munista ha dicho que las víctimas hington y La Habana siguen congela- recho a intervenir militarmente en del Maine fueron “inmoladas para das, pero el monumento fi nalmente Cuba a condición de poner fi n a su servir de pretexto a la intervención está siendo atendido. ocupación. norteamericana que frustró en 1898 Se ha puesto en marcha un De hecho, Estados Unidos inter- la verdadera independencia de la proyecto de restauración lleno de vino varias veces y los empresarios y isla”. simbolismo y las cicatrices del mo- las mafi as estadounidenses llegaron La cabeza del águila del Maine numento refl ejan la historia de más a dominar muchos aspectos de la fue entregada misteriosamente a de medio siglo de idas y venidas en vida en Cuba antes de la revolución diplomáticos suizos, quienes acep- la compleja relación y de distintas de 1959, generando la sensación de taron actuar como protectores de las interpretaciones acerca de lo que que nunca se habían ido. propiedades de estadounidenses en signifi ca la estructura. Luego de la llegada triunfal de Cuba. Hoy decora una sala de confe- “De todos los monumentos de los rebeldes de Fidel Castro a La Ha- rencias de la Sección de Intereses de La Habana, este es realmente al que bana, aumentaron las tensiones y Estados Unidos, que hace las veces más le cuesta abarcar todos estos los dos países fi nalmente rompieron de embajada. distintos episodios históricos”, co- relaciones en 1961. Tras la fallida in- Al reanudarse parcialmente las mentó Timothy Hyde, historiador vasión de Bahía de Cochinos al mes relaciones en 1977, el diplomático de la cultura cubana de la Graduate siguiente, se retiró un águila de más estadounidense Wayne Smith ob- School of Design de la Universidad de tres toneladas de la cúpula del servó el cuerpo, las alas y la cola del de Harvard. “Ya no simboliza el mo- monumento durante una protesta águila, que están guardadas hoy en mento del hundimiento del Maine. antiestadounidense. un húmedo salón del Museo de la Simboliza todos estos momentos “El águila se tumbó cuando triun- Ciudad de La Habana. periódicos de antipatía y hostilidad fó l a Revolución porque es el sí mbolo “He sido el fi el custodio de ese y los desafíos entre dos naciones”. del imperialismo, de Estados Uni- cuerpo”, declaró el historiador ofi - dos, y aquí eso se acabó con la revo- cial de la ciudad Eusebio Leal. El grito de batalla lución”, manifestó Ernesto Moreno, “Smith dijo que hasta que no se Poco después del hundimiento hace u n h aba nero de 7 7 a ños que rec uerd a reúna el cuerpo y la cabeza no habrá exactamente 115 años (el aniversario que un día se despertó y vio que el relaciones buenas entre Cuba y los se cumplió el 15 de febrero), Estados águila había desaparecido. Estados Unidos”. Unidos responsabilizó a España. “Eso yo lo encontré muy bien y “Remember the Maine!” (¡Re- creo que la mayoría de los cubanos Más recuerdos cuerden al Maine!) pasó a ser un estuvieron de acuerdo con eso en Los diplomáticos estadounidenses grito de batalla para los estadouni- aquel momento”. tienen asimismo el águila original denses, que libraron una guerra vic- del monumento, que fue derribada toriosa con los españoles y tomaron Cambian el signifi cado por un huracán en 1926. Esa águila el control de Cuba, Puerto Rico, las E l gobier no de Ca st ro i ncor poró u n a decora los inmaculados jardines del Filipinas y Guam. nueva inscripción a la base del mo- jefe de l a residenci a ofi cial del jefe de El monumento al Maine fue in- numento, que a partir de entonces la sección de intereses. (AP) augurado en 1925 y tiene inscriptos estuvo dedicado “a las víctimas de El los nombres de los 266 marinos Maine que fueron sacrifi cadas por la Apariencias muertos. Consiste en dos columnas voracidad imperialista en su afán de Resulta que llega un hombre a una cantina, que se erigen una junto a la otra, con apoderarse de la isla de Cuba”. mientras se dirige a la barra todas las una base que representa la ayuda La leyenda insinúa que los esta- personas lo miran asombrados, llega aquel de Estados Unidos al movimiento dounidenses volaron ellos mismos tipo y pide una cerveza y el cantinero le dice: independentista de Cuba. el Maine para tener una excusa para -Usted es bombero, ¿Verdad? Aquel hombre ir a la guerra con España. se sorprende y le pregunta: -¿Y usted como Los signifi cados Varios historiadores dicen que la lo supo? -Y le dice el cantinero: -Me di cuenta “Para mí signifi ca un patrimonio de explosión probablemente haya sido por la forma de caminar, la forma de abrir la lealtad... la amistad entre los dos pue- un estallido accidental en el depósi- puerta, la forma que levanta usted la barbilla, blos”, afi rmó Julio Domínguez San- to de municiones del barco, pero la las botas, el casco y el extinguidor. .
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