Semiotic Signs in Walt Disney's Selected Movie Posters In

SEMIOTIC SIGNS IN WALT DISNEY’S SELECTED MOVIE POSTERS IN 2018

THESIS

Submitted to the Board of Examiners In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for Thesis at English Literature Department

NIATUR RAHMAH NIM. AI 150392

ENGLISH LITERATURE DEPARTMENT ADAB AND HUMANITIES FACULTY STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SULTHAN THAHA SAIFUDDIN JAMBI 2019

MOTTO

إِ َّن فِي َخ ْل ِق ال َّس َما َوا ِت َوا ْْلَ ْر ِض َوا ْختِ ََل ِف ال َّل ْي ِل َوال َّن َها ِر ََليَا ٍت ِْلُو ِلي ا ْْلَ ْلبَا ِب )۱۹۰(1

Indeed, in the creation of the heavens and the earth and the alternation of the night and the day are signs for those of understanding. (Q.S Ali Imron: 190)

1The Noble Qur’an. (2016). Qur’an.com (Also Known as The Noble Qur’an, Al Quran, Holy Quran, Koran). Retrieved from https://www.quran.com Accessed on October 25th 2019

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DEDICATION

In the name of Allah the most gracious merciful and prophet Muhammad Sollallahualaihi Wasallam

I dedicate this thesis to my strongest father and my wonderful mother who sacrifice and pray as always for me to passed everything in getting a bachelor degree

And

My great brother, my hero, my live saver, Dodi Suhendi there’s no word to describe how much I thank you

My sister, Susilawati and Linda Kasmita, my little brother Ahmad Padil

I am lucky having you all as a blessed daughter and sister for supporting, caring, loving each other. And so my cousins Ulmalasari, my uncles, aunts and brothers in law.

For friend of my life, Maryatul Kipya who never tired to answer all of my questions and as my error checker, Latifah S.N, Rusnita, Ulpa M, Herlin, Rumah Cantik All of the students English literature 2015 in the class A and B, the members of KKN posko 22 and others.

I sincerely would like to say my deepest gratitude for your praying, supporting,caring, suggestion and advice.

The last, for all people who helped me in this thesis I would like to thank you so much

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Firstly, the writer wants to say Alhamdulillahirobbil Alamin, all the pries belong to Allah SWT. the lord of all creatures, for his blessing from starting session of my study until now the end of my study. And then, sholawat and salambe upon to our massager, the son of Abdullah, Prophet Muhammad SAW for the guidance and strengthens. Hopefully we will get his syafa’at later as the last day. Secondly, the writer would like to say thanks to people who helped the writer in writing this thesis. The writer wants to say thank to my parents, brother and my supervisors: Dr. Diana Rozelin S.S, M.Hum and Chandri Febrisanti M.Pd who has helped, guided, supported, suggested, and advised me. And also I want to say thanks for all suggestion and supporting that help the writer in direct or indirect cases to finish this last study program. To accomplish this thesis, the writer had been given one great deal to many people. So this present writer would like to say thanks for their contribution, they are:

1. Prof. Dr. H. Su’aidi Asy’ari, MA, Ph.D as a rector of State Islamic University of Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi. 2. Prof. Dr. Maisah, M.Pd.I as the dean of Adab and Humanities Faculty. 3. Dr. Alfian, M.Ed as vice dean of academic Dr. H. M. Fadhil M.Ag as the vice dean of finances and Dr. Raudhoh M.Pd.I as the vice dean of University Student of Adab and Humanities Faculty. 4. The Head of English Literature Department Ulfatmi Azlan, SS., MA. 5. The Secretary of English Literature Department Dian Mukhlisa, MA. 6. All the lectures and staffs of Adab and Humanities Faculty, the contribution and assistance during studying In UIN of Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi. 7. The head and officers of the library of UIN and public library of Jambi province.

ABSTRACT

Niatur Rahmah, 2019 : Semiotic Sign in Selected Walt Disney’s Movie Posters In 2018. The student of English Literature Department, Adab and Humanities Faculty, University of Islamic Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi.

Supervisor : Dr. Diana Rozelin, S.S., M.Hum. Supervisor II : Chandri Febri Santi M.Pd

This research analyzes the semiotic sign in selected posters of walt Disney in 2018, and the selected posters are Avengers Infinity War, Christoper Robin, Marry Poppins Returns, the Black Panther, The Incredibles 2, The Nut Cracker And The Four Realms. The semiotic sign is a sign that analyzes by semiotic theories. The purpose of the research are to know the classification of sign with Charles sanders pierce semiotic theory, the meaning of sign by roland barthes, then the correlation between visual and verbal sign with Gillian dyer theory. This research uses the qualitative descriptive method as reflected by this thesis which explained descriptively. The writer also uses the comparative method in order to compare the diversities in the posters in conclusion. The classification of signs are including Representment: qualisign, sinsign, and legisign. Object: icon, index, and symbol. Interpretant: dyme, dicent, and argument. The meanings are including denotative, connotative and myth. The writer also found the correlation between visual and verbal sign in those six posters.

Keywords : Semiotic, Sign, Poster, Meaning

ABSTRAK

Niatur Rahmah 2019 : Semiotic Sign in Selected Walt Disney’s Movie Posters In 2018. Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Adab and Humaniora, Universitas Islam Negeri Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi.

Pembimbing I : Dr. Diana Rozelin, S.S., M.Hum. Pembimbing II : Chandri Febri Santi M.Pd

Penelitian ini menganalisis tanda semiotik yang terdapat di poster-poster Walt Disney pada tahun 2018, dan poster-poster yang dipilih adalah avengers Infinity War, Christoper Robin, Marry Poppins, the Black Panther, the Incredibles 2, the Nut Cracker and the Four Realms. Tanda semiotik adalah tanda yang di analysis dengan teori-teori semiotik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui klasifikasi tanda dengan teori semiotik Charles sanders pierce, makna tanda dengan teori roland barthes. Kemudian hubungan antara tanda visual dan tanda verbal berdasarkan teori dyer Gillian. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif sebagaimana skripsi ini dijelaskan secara deskriptif. Dan di kesimpulan penulis juga menggunakan metode perbandingan untuk membandingkan perbedaan setiap poster. Dan dalam penelitian ini klasifikasi tanda meliputi representasi: qualisign, sinsign, dan legisign. Object: ikon, indeks, dan symbol. interpretasi: dyme, dicent dan argumen. Dan makna meliputi denotative, konotatif, dan mitos. Penulis juga menemukan hubungan antara tanda visual dan tanda verbal dari keenam poster tersebut.

Kata kunci : Semiotik, Tanda, Poster, Makna

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ABBREVIATION

SS.A : Semiotic Sign Avengers

SS.C : Semiotic Sign Christoper Robin

SS.M : Semiotic Sign Marry Poppins

SS.B : Semiotic Sign Balck Panther

SS.I : Semiotic Sign Incredibles 2

SS.T : Semiotic Sign The Nut Crackers

MS.A : Meaning of sign Avengers

MS.C : Meaning of sign Christoper

MS.M : Meaning of sign Marry Poppins

MS.B : Meaning of sign Black Panther

MS.I : Meaning of sign Incredibles 2

MS.T: Meaning sign of The Nut Cracker

CS.A : Correlation of sign Avengers

CS.C : Correlation of sign Christoper

CS.M : Correlation of sign Marry Poppins

CS.B : Correlation of sign Black Panther

CS.I : Correlation of sign Incredibles 2

CS.T : Correlation of sign The Nut Cracker

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TABLE OF CONTENT

COVER ...... i

APPROVAL ...... ii

LETTER OF RATIFICATION...... iii

ORIGINAL THESIS STATEMENT ...... iv

MOTTO ...... v

DEDICATION ...... vi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...... vii

ABSTRACT ...... ix

ABSTRAK ...... x

ABBREVIATION ...... xi

TABLE OF CONTENT ...... xii

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Research ...... 1 B. Formulation of the Problem ...... 7 C. Limitation of the Problem...... 7 D. Purpose of the Research ...... 8 E. Significance of the Research ...... 8

CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

A. Semiotics ...... 9 B. Meaning ...... 12 1. Denotative Meaning ...... 13 2. Connotative Meaning ...... 13 3. Myth ...... 14

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C. Advertisment ...... 15 D. Term of color ...... 16 E. Review of Related Literature ...... 19

CHAPTER III: METHOD OF RESEARCH

A. Design of Research...... 22 B. Source of Data ...... 23 C. Technique of Data Collection ...... 24 D. Technique of Data Analysis ...... 24

CHAPTER IV: FINDING AND ANALYSIS

A. Finding of the research ...... 29 B. Analysis of the research ...... 29 1. Semiotic sign in the posters ...... 29 2. Meaning of signs in the posters...... 39 3. The correlation between visual and verbal sign ...... 45

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

A. Conclusion ...... 52 B. Suggestion ...... 53

REFERENCES

APPENDIX

CHAPTER l INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Problem Language is a sign, a code or a communication system which agreed by a certain community. This certain community, individually or collectively, uses a language as a mediato deliver a message, aim, or meaning of things. Language, which is a sign or symbol, makes human identifying themselves or the others to understand every aspect in life easily2. Language is an instrument for conveying meaning. The structure of this instrument reflects its function, and it can only be properly understood in terms of its function. To study language without reference to meaning is like studying road signs from the point of view of their physical properties (how much they weigh, what kind of paint are they painted with, and so on), or like studying the structure of the eye without any reference to seeing.3

Simply, language is a tool of communication. Communication is a process of exchanging information between two or more people. The one who share the information as a referent and the one who receiving the information called receiver. Information can include fact, opinion, attitudes, idea, believes even emotions. The interaction of people signed by communication.

The act of exchanging information ceases to be a passive transfer of a message that is adequate unto itself from one bloc of memory to another and becomes a translation, in the course of which the message is transformed and the striving for adequacy enters into dramatic conflict with the impossibility of its complete realization. The act of communication begins to include the aspect of tension within itself. Communication between two or more individuals may be defined as language so art is a kind of language that can be in turn divided into such sublanguages as literature, cinema, fine arts, and so on. It means that

2Hawan, M Rizki. (2018). an Analysis of Semiotic Signs Found in Movie Poster of Pirates of the Caribbean. Thesis ofDepartment Of EnglishFaculty Of Cultural Studies University Of Sumatera Utara Medan, p. 6 3 Wierzbicka, A. (1996). Semantics primes and universals. New York: Oxford university press.p. 3

communication is exchange of facts, ideas, opinion or emotion by two or more people. Communication is the transmission and interchange of facts, ideas, feelings or course of action.

Communication consists of two types, verbal and non-verbal communication. Verbal communication is a communication which use words, language. Such as face to face talk, listening to the seminar, listening to the lecturer, even written media. Written media includes letters, document, email, message, etc. Non-verbal communication is a communication without words and language such a body language, eye contact, gestures, postures, psychology appearance, and facial expression.4

Language and communication are inseparable because communication needs language which is content signs and symbols and each signs and symbols has a meaning. And with the meaning people can understand the language. Signs take the form of words, images, sounds, colours, flavours, acts or objects, but such things have no intrinsic meaning and become signs only when People invest them with meaning. People are able to communicate with one another exactly because people use “approximately the same signs”5

There are some kinds of literary works, they are films, drama, novel, short stories, and autobiography. From those kinds of literary works above, the writer interests to discuss about film, especially the posters of film. Film is Film is a unique art production and has a strong influence toward its viewer because it combines paint, technology, music, literature and drama, and becomes interesting to be watched. Entertainment industry is a sub-unit group of industries devoted to entertainment. This industry used to describe the mass media companies that control the distrubution and manufacture of mass media entertainment.

4Ekosucianto, Septian. (2016). Semiotic Analysis of Greenpeace Campaign Posters in Climate Change Series. Thesis of English Letters and Humanities Faculty, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 5Semenenko, Aleksei.(2012). The texture of culture an Introduction to Yuri Lotman’s Semiotic Theory (Semiotics and Popular Culture). New York: Palgrave Macmillan p. 26

Entertainment is an activity that hold attention and interest of audience or specifically the activities or events that give pleasure and delight to audience.

Entertainment consist of film, print, radio, and television. These segment include movies, TV shows, radio shows, news, music, newspapers, megazines and book. The top 10 media and entertainment companies are the walt disney company, 21st century fox, direct group holdings (DIRECTV), time warner inc., NBC universal, national amusemens inc., CBS corporation, viacom inc., news corporation, and TEGNA inc. More than $632 billion contributed by the U.S media and entertainment industry to economy and represents a third of the global industry.

The writer interests to choose the poster of film in this analyzing, because the poster is an important tool in marketing of a product. Because poster content verbal and visual signs which designed vertically with an image that can persuade the people to watch the film and display in public place and can be seen in the lobby of cinema. A poster became an important as a tool to grab the public’s attention and curiosity about the film. In this thesis the writer going to analyze the posters of film from Walt Disney. It can be seen in the explanation below:

Figure 1.1 Movie Poster of Avenger Infinity War, 2018

"Avengers: Infinity War" brings to the screen the ultimate, deadliest showdown of all time. As the Avengers and their allies have continued to protect the world from threats too large for any one hero to handle, a new danger has emerged from the cosmic shadows: Thanos. A despot of intergalactic infamy, his goal is to collect all six Infinity Stones, artifacts of unimaginable power, and use them to inflict his twisted will on all of reality. Everything the Avengers have fought for has led up to this moment - the fate of Earth and existence itself has never been more uncertain.6

Figure 1.2 Movie Poster of Christopher Robin, 2018

An adult Christopher Robin, who is now focused on his new life, work, and family, suddenly meets his old friend Winnie the Pooh, who returns to his unforgotten childhood past to help him return to the Hundred Acre Wood and help find Pooh's lost friends.7

6Retrieved from https://www.marvel.com/search?limit=20&query=infinity%20war 7Retrieved from https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4575576/

Figure 1.3 Movie Poster of Marry Poppins Returns, 2018

Based on this movie poster, In Depression-era London, a now-grown Jane and Michael Banks, along with Michael's three children, are visited by the enigmatic Mary Poppins following a personal loss. Through her unique magical skills, and with the aid of her friend Jack, she helps the family rediscover the joy and wonder missing in their lives.8

Figure 1.4 Movie Poster of Black Panther, 2018

“Black Panther” follows T’Challa who, after the death of his father, the King of Wakanda, returns home to the isolated, technologically advanced African

8Retrieved from https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5028340/

nation to succeed to the throne and take his rightful place as king. But when a powerful old enemy reappears, T’Challa’s mettle as king and Black Pantheris tested when he is drawn into a formidable conflict that puts the fate of Wakanda and the entire world at risk. Faced with treachery and danger, the young king must rally his allies and release the full power of Black Panther to defeat his foes and secure the safety of his people and their way of life.9

Figure 1.5 Movie Posters of the Incredible 2, 2018

The Incredibles hero family takes on a new mission, which involves a change in family roles: Bob Parr (Mr Incredible) must manage the house while his wife Helen (Elastigirl) goes out to save the world. The Incredibles hero family takes on a new mission, which involves a change in family roles: Bob Parr (Mr Incredible) must manage the house while his wife Helen (Elastigirl) goes out to save the world.10

9Retrieved from https://www.marvel.com/movies/black-panther 10Retrieved from https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3606756/

Figure 1.6 the Nut Cracker and the Four Realms, 2018

All Clara wants is a key - a one-of-a-kind key that will unlock a box that holds a priceless gift from her late mother. A golden thread, presented to her at godfather Drosselmeyer's annual holiday party, leads her to the coveted key- which promptly disappears into a strange and mysterious parallel world. It's there that Clara encounters a soldier named Phillip, a gang of mice and the regents who preside over three Realms: Land of Snowflakes, Land of Flowers, and Land of Sweets. Clara and Phillip must brave the ominous Fourth Realm, home to the tyrant Mother Ginger, to retrieve Clara's key and hopefully return harmony to the unstable world.11

From the explanations above it just the real description of the poster, the writer only explains and describe a poster without the meaning behind the signs and things. This study analyzes the semiotic signs used in film using semiotic theories. In this study the writer uses the way of interpreting movie poster based on Peirce’s theory of signs (text, object and context) to get the clear meaning from signs on the posters.

The writer uses triadic semiosis from Peirce’s Theory of Semiosis, semiotic theory of Roland Barthes about meaning, Concept of colour terms by Wierzbicka

11 Retrieved from https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5523010/mediaviewer/rm762804736

is used to support Peirce’s theory in interpreting the colors meaning in the poster and Dyer theory to answer the correlation between the visual and verbal signs. The writer decided to make a research about a semiotic with the posters as an object and specified the research only the posters of film from Walt Disney Company entitled Semiotics Signs in Selected Walt Disney’s movie Posters in 2018.

B. Formulation of the Problem Based on the background of the problems above, the writer makes the formulations of the problems are arranged as follows: 1. What are the semiotic signs found in the posters? 2. What are the meanings of the signs in the posters? 3. How are the correlations between verbal and visual signs in the posters?

C. Limitation of the Problem Actually there are many aspects that the writer can analyze from the film posters but the writer specified the problem only about the type of signs and meaning from the signs in the posters which deliver the information to the people and persuade the people by the design and visual appearance of the posters.

D. Purpose of the Research Based on limitation of problem above, the purpose of this research is

a. To know the semiotic signs on the posters and explore the meaning of signs to the reader. b. To know the meaning of the signs in posters. Which is not merely a posters but contain many meaning include denotative and connotative meaning. c. To know the correlation between visual and verbal signs which found in posters to persuadee and informe about the posters to the public.

E. Significance of the Research In this research, the writer would like to find out the important of poster in a film. The writer want the reader know that from the poster people can predict the film. If the reader looks at the poster accurately, they will find out that the poster already give an illustration about the film. And if the reader know about the meaning from the signs from the poster the reader will get more illustration than others who don’t know about the meaning of sign. The writer hope that this thesis could enrich reader’s knowledge in semiotics based on the content of this thesis. Theoretically significant, the writer uses the semiotic theory from Charles sander pierce, meaning the philosophical study of signs. Hopefully it can be additional reference for other students who wants to analyze about the semiotic signs.

CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

A. Semiotics Semiotic comes from Greece semeion which means sign, according to Piliang cited by the exploration of semiotic Tinarbuko as a method to open various branches of science is possible because there is a tendency to various social discourses, language is also used as a model of social discourse12. Semiotics is a study of sign or sign specifically learned in semiotics. Signs here are all of the element of human being that content a meaning and agreed by people to make another people understood to the sign and then became a tool of communication. As known human being is surrounded by the signs, sign is something which stand to somebody for something in some respect or capacity (Pierce)13.

There are three most known experts of semiotics, they are Ferdinand de Saussure, William Charles pierce and Roland Barthes. The term from Saussure semiotics is about sign, signifier and signified. That is the basic to develop of sign theory. Ferdinand de Saussure has a linguistics science background, and according to him, as long as that the action and behavior of human being bring the meaning, there should be a distinction and conventions behind a system that allow the meaning of it. There is a sing there is a system. Semiotics by Ferdinand the Saussure in The Course in General Linguistics, as science that learned about sign as part of life. There two concept of semiotics according to Saussure, “signifier” or a concept and “signified” or mental concept. These two concept are inseparable like the two sides of paper.

The term of Roland Barthes about semiotics in his theory is a form as a signifier, concept as a signified and signification as sign. With his theory the writer can find not only denotative meaning but also connotative meaning.

12Sumbo Tinarbuko. (2008) Semiotika Komunikasi Visual, Yogyakarta: Penerbit Jakarta, p.11. 13Winfried Noth. (1995) Handbook of Semiotics. United State of America: Indiana University Press. p.42.

Meanwhile the term of Charles sanders pierce semiotics as a master of philosophy is human only can think through the sign in his thought logic is same with semiotics and semiotics can be applied to all types of sign. According to pierce semiotics can be explained through sign, object and interpretant. He wrote that sign is something that stands for something which reflects a certain capacity or interest. People are not able to avoid from interpreting things and people doing so, people treat them as a “sign”. Sign can be a word, sound, color, images, action, event, flavors object and so on. They have no intrinsic meaning until we interpret them as a meaning of something.14

Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914), whose sure name is pronounced “purse”, was a son of Benjamin Peirce, a Harvard professor of mathematics and astronomy and, at the time, America’s foremost mathematician. These signs may include sounds, words, and everything that could give a guidance as a process of communication, like a house, shirt, and every symbol with meaning.

Study of signs become a serious field in linguistics and literature. Unlike the dyadic model offered by Ferdinand de Saussure, which consists of the signifier and signified, Charles Sanders Peirce offers a triadic model and to explain about Peirce’s semiotics theory. Anything is a sign when someone interprets it as a “signifying” something. That is the most important thing or as main concern of semiotics.15

14Chandler, D. (2017). Semiotics The Basics.New York: Routledge, Inc.p.11 15Chandler, D. Semiotics The Basics.Inc.p.11

Figure 2.1 Charles Sanders Pierce’s Triadic Model of Semiotic

Relationship between the three elements of the sign or representment is the First element which stands in such a genuine triadic relation to the Second element, called its Object, as to be capable of determining the Third element, called its Interpreting, to assume the same triadic relation to its Object in which it stands itself to the same Object. Based on its representamen, Peirce divides signs into three, called qualisign, sinsign, and legisign.

1. Qualisign which is formed by quality, such as the concept of color. 2. Sinsign which is formed by the real physical reality or the shape of a thing. Peirce says about Sinsign (sin is “being only once” as in single, simple) is actual thing or event. 3. Legisign is the law or rule of how the thing should be such as the sound of whistle in the soccer match.16 Based on its object, a sign may be termed an icon, an index, or a symbol.

1. An icon is a sign which refers to the object that it denotes merely by virtue of characters of its own, and which it possesses, just the same, whether any such Object actually exists or not. For example, a picture

16Peirce, Charles Sanders. (1940).Philosophical Writings of Peirce; Edited by Justus Buchler.New York: Dover Publications. p: 101

of president Soekarno means the picture is an icon of president Soekarno. 2. An index is a sign which refers to the Object that it denotes by virtue of being really affected by that Object. For example, smoke is an index of fire. 3. A symbol is a sign which refers to the object that it denotes by virtue of a law, usually an association of general ideas, which operates to cause the Symbol to be interpreted as referring to that Object. Such as traffic lights and national flags. Based on its interpreting, signs consist of a rhyme, a dicent, and an argument.

1. A rhyme is a sign which is understood to represent its object in its characters merely such as a red-eye indicates that the person is crying or drunk or sleepy. 2. A dicent is a sign to describe the fact of interpretant. For example, the dangerous road in a city has a sign that the road is dangerous because there are so many accidents on that road. 3. An argument is a logical reasoning of interpretant or sign of law. One example is that if a person is standing in a room without lighting, he will say this room is dark because of its lack of light. B. Meaning Barthes (1915-1980) was the first to apply ideas of semiotics, as it developed from linguistics, to visual images, for example, food advertisements, photography and motion pictures. In semiotic analysis, signification is the output of signs. Signification is as it were the content or import of communication. Roland Barthes argued that there were in fact three levels of signification:

1. The denotative (this is a tree) 2. The connotative (tree connotes nature) 3. The mythical (nature is bountiful). To summarise, an image of a tree can signify ‘bountiful nature’. Barthes used the example of photography to demonstrate denotation. The photograph

denotes what was in front of the camera when the image was captured. But how the image is photographed, and what abstract values may be associated with the resultant picture, are a matter of connotation. 17

Barthes called the immediate visual impact denoted meaning (or first order or basic meaning) and the cultural meaning we attach to it connoted meaning (or second-order meaning). In other words, denoted meaning refers to the recognition of what is registered by the image or photograph (a photograph of a monk) and connoted meaning refers to the possible invitation of the image to interpret, give meaning to, the forms even against or beyond the authors’ intention. This provides a useful backdrop to look at the application of semiotics to visual and material culture and, furthermore, in terms of considering cultural meanings, we may also usefully note Barthes’ influence on poststructuralist thinking. Post-structuralism does not view language as a structure but rather a structuring process in terms of the relationship of the reader, or viewer, or consumer. In this respect, there is a greater emphasis on the impact of language and the role the individual plays in creating meaning.

1. Denotative Meaning Barthes refers denotation as a common-sense, the obvious meaning of the sign. For example, a photograph of a street scene de tones that particular street; the word “street” denotes an urban road lined with buildings. This photograph can be taken into two different ways of photography. Those two photographs will have the same denotative meaning. In other words, whatever the ways the photograph of a street was taken, that photographs of the street will always denote that particular street. It means, their denotative meaning would be the same.18

Denotation refers to those things which appear to us as natural and which people can take for granted. In other words, denotation can be called as a conceptual meaning.meaning that according to observations by sight, smell,

17Hartley, john. (2002). Communication, cultural and media studies: the key concept, third edition. London: routledge. p. 210 18Fiske, john. (2002). Introduction to Communication Studies (second ed). New York: routledge. p.86

hearing, feeling and everything that has to do with factual information and should be objective. The true meaning or significance that is straightforward. The actual meaning in the dictionary is not a figurative meaning.

2. Connotative Meaning Barthes refers connotation to describe one of the three ways in which signs work in the second order of signification. It describes the interaction between the sign and the feelings or emotion of the users and the values of their culture. Based on the example in denotation above, those two photographs are both of the same streets. The difference between those photos lies in the form, the appearance of the photograph, that is, in the signifier. By looking from those two photographs, the difference between connotation and denotation is clear. Denotation is the mechanical reproduction on film of the object at which the camera is pointed, while connotation is the human part of the process. In other words denotation is what is photographed; connotation is how it is photographed.19

3. Myth A myth is a a culture’s way of thinking about something. Myth is close to the culture that contains believes and religion. the traditional myth of the British policeman includes concepts of friendliness, reassurance, solidity, non- aggressiveness, lack of firearms. If connotation is the second-order meaning of the signifier, myth is the second-order meaning of the signified.20 Myth is understood as a means of disguising or masking ambiguities within a culture, and to a certain extent its role can be understood as ideological. Its theoretical application is usually anthropological, psychoanalytical and/or semiotic.21

19Fiske, john. Introduction To Communication Studies (second Ed). P. 86 20 Fiske, john. Introduction To Communication Studies (second Ed). P. 88 21Hartley, john. Communication, cultural and media studies: the key concept, third edition. p. 153

C. Advertisement

Sign in advertisement are different by how people interpret the meaning. The text and picture in an advertisement if use Dyer concept can be analyze by their verbal and visual aspects. Dyer says “Different people ‘read’ and interpret texts in ways, and it is possible to ask different groups of consumers how they interpret or understand a specific text”. its simplest sense the word ‘advertising’ means ‘drawing attention to something’, or notifying or informing somebody of something. You can advertise by word of mouth, quite informally and locally, and without incurring great expense.22

According to the statement above, it is clear that the text can be interpreted and understanding by the people in their own ways. Text is an important item in an advertisement. When someone analyze a text, he must understand the meaning of the text, non-textual analysis and textual analysis.. On the other hand, the textual analysis is based on the meaning ascribed to a text by an analyst/interpreter. This person is of course a consumer or audience member,they would try to clarify any ambiguities in the text, and bring out hidden meanings. How this reading is accomplished largely up to the individual skill of the ‘reader’.

As Dyer states “Advertising language is of course leaded language. Its primary aim is to attract our attention and dispose us favorably towards the product or service on offer. Advertisers use language quite distinctively. there are certainly advantages in making bizarre controversial statement in unusual ways as well as communicating with people using simple, straight forward language”. The primary function of advertising is, we are told, to introduce a wide range of consumer goods to the public and thus to support the free market economy, but this is clearly not its only role. over the years it has become more and more

22Dyer, Gillian. (1982). Advertising as Communication. London: Routledge. p.2

involved in the manipulation of social values and attitudes, and less concerned with the communication of essential information about goods and services.23

Visual Aspect or Visual sign in an advertisement can be defined as the pictures which presented the kinds of the product, logo of company, etc. People have important role, as Claire says “Although all of the advertisements do not physically represent the product, they all provide an important iconic representation of both the product and what the product should stand for. Thus, analysis of all the adverse strongly focus upon the advertisement’s photographic imagery and the ways in which this imagery generates the appropriate signified concept (or emotional overtones), which promote the image of the product.”

D. Colour Term Wierzbicka proposed that ‘color’ is not a universal human concept, but it is correlated to the seeing which considered universal, because color is definable only via seeing. The concept of colour might be different in every country around the world due to a culture. There are six basic color terms and they are regarded incompatible. In the same way and to the same degree. They are:

a. B1ack and White, Dark and Light B1ack and white are felt to be opposites and closely related to the dark and light. The words dark and light (as color destinations) are link to the darkness of night and the light of day respectively. Seeing dark object remains people of the experience of seeing things at time when it is dark; and seeing light objects remind people of the experience of seeing things a time when it is light. The following lines can elaborate the words dark and light:

X is dark, when sometimes people can’t see much and when one sees things like X one can think of this. X is light, at sometimes people can see many things when one sees things like X one can think of this. X is white [partial explication] when people see some things they say of them: this is white X is like this at

23Dyer, Gillian. Advertising as Communication. p.2

sometimes people can see everything when one sees things like X one can think of times of this kind.24

Black is associated with power, elegance, formality, death, evil, and mystery. In the other hand, white is associated with light, goodness, innocence, purity, and virginity. It is considered to be the colour of perfection. White means safety, purity, and cleanliness. As opposed to black, white usually has a positive connotation. White can represent a successful beginning. In heraldry, white depicts faith and purity. In advertising, white is associated with coolness and cleanness because it’s the color of snow. People can use white to suggest simplicity in high-tech products.

b. Green Most known or closest icon for green colour and the nearest equivalent of the English word green is either morphologically or etymologically related to the words for grass, herbs or vegetation in general. People associated the concept encapsulated in the Word green can be partially explicated in the following:

X is green, in some places many things grow out of the ground when one sees like X one can think of the plant on the ground. Dark green is associated with ambition, greed, and jealousy. Yellow-green can indicate sickness, cowardice, discord, and jealousy. Aqua is associated with emotional healing and protection. live green is the traditional color of peace.

c. Blue In numerous languages of the worlds, the nearest equivalent of the English word blue is morphologically, or etymologically, related to the word for sky. Beside sky, people also associated the word blue with naturally occurring “big water places” such as sea or lakes. The following semantic component of the English word blue attempts to elaborate the meaning of this “basic color terms”.

24Wierzbicka, A. (1990). Semantics Culture and Cognition the Meaning of Color Term. New York: California university library the burke library. p.116

X is blue:

At sometimes people can see the sun above them in the sky when one sees things like X one can think of the sky at these times in some places there is a lot of (very much) water when people are far from these places they can see this water when one sees things like X one can think of oceans. X is blue, when people see green, brown, red, yellow, Black and so on. One doesn’t think these other thing is X.25 Light blue is associated with health, healing, tranquillity, understanding and softness. Dark blue represents knowledge, power, integrity, and seriousness.

d. Red The nearest equivalent of the English word red is in many languages, etymologically related to the word for “blood”. However, the English word red is not synchronically analysable. Meaning of red is “a rich Warm color” of course the word ‘rich’ and ‘warm’ are used here metaphorically. Red is thought as warm because it is associated with tire, when people are asked about which color makes them think of tire, many of them replay red26. The color initially can be explained along the following lines:

X is red when one sees thing like X one can think of fire and when one sees thing like X one can think of blood. Light red represents joy, sexuality, passion, sensitivity, and love. Pink signifies romance, love, and friendship. It denotes feminine qualities and passiveness. Dark red is associated with vigor, willpower, rage, anger, leadership, courage, longing, malice, and wrath.

e. Yellow Beside red, yellow is also considered as a ‘warm’ because it is associated with the sun. unlike red, yellow is though as alight color. A fuller explication of the concept ‘yellow’ X is yellow when one sees things like X one can think often sun

25Wierzbicka, A. Semantics Culture and Cognition the Meaning of Color Term. p. 111 26Wierzbicka, A. (1996). Semantics primes and universals. New York: Oxford university press.p. 314

at sometimes people can see many things when one sees things like X one can think of this. Dull (dingy) yellow represents caution, decay, sickness, and jealousy. Light yellow is associated with intellect, freshness, and joy.

f. Brown Like pink, orange, grey, and purple, ‘brown’ is often regarded as a composite color, a kind visual mixture of yellow and black with an admixture of red that is, in effect, mixture of orange and black. “Brown is mainly dark- grayish orange and dark-grayish or blackish yellow colours. There are many browns in people environment. The earth, wood, leather, and human skin appear to contain different proportions of black and white”.27

The English word is conceptualized in terms of a “mixture” of other colors but rather have a positive model in real word. Obviously, brown can be thought of as the color of the ground; or at least as that color, which is likely to make people think of the ground. The partial explication of the concept of the English word is in the following:

X is brown when one sees things like X one can think of the ground (earth) at sometimes people can not see much when one sees things like X one can think of this.28

E. Review of Related Literature Beside the writer, there are other writers who analyses about semiotics signs. There might found the similarities and differences among them.

Firstly, Moona Maghfirah 2018, The Symbol Of Muslimah Model In America’s Brand Advertisement. Thesis Of English Literature Department, Faculty Of Adab And Humanities State Islamic University Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi. Mona analysed the meaning of muslimah model in america’s brand advertisement using Roland Barthes and qualitative and descriptive

27 Wierzbicka, A. Semantics primes and universals. p. 327 28 Wierzbicka, A. Semantics primes and universals. p. 328

method.29 Theory because her focus also in the meaning and the Barthes theory conveying the connotative and denotative meaning. Meanwhile this study analyse about the signs in movie posters with some theories, Charles sanders pierce, Roland Barthes and Gillian dyer. The similarities this analysis also analyse the meaning from the signs in the poster.

Secondly, M. Rizki Hawan 2018. An analysis of semiotics signs found in movie poster of pirates of the Caribbean. Thesis of English Department, Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara. The researcher used the theory sanders pierce and used descriptive qualitative method30. The result of research are in the movie poster of pirates of the Caribbean found visual and verbal sign from interpretant and the representment, in the poster got a background color wich analysed with Wierzbicka theory. And object there found gun and swords wich represents the Pirates weapon.

M. Rizky hawan used three theories to finish his research, he analysed the kind of sign in posters of pirates of the Caribbean with Charles sanders pierce’s theory, the correlation between visual and verbal sign with Dyer semiotic theory, and supported by Wierzbicka term of colour to interpret the meaning of colour in the posters, his research also analysed the concept of advertisement. The similarities between his research and this research is the theory to classify the sign, Charles Sanders Pierce semiotic theory. But this research only focused on the meaning and types of sign in the poster itself.

Thirdly, Ni Putu Narista Devi, Ni Luh Sutjiati Beratha, I Made Netra (2017). Verbal and Non-Verbal Signs of “Zootopia” Movie Poster. This thesis from English Department, Faculty of Arts Udayana University. The data in this study were collected using the documentation method as well as recording and note-

29Maghfirah, Moona (2018) The Symbol of Muslimah Bmodel In America’s Brand Advertisement. A Thesis Of English Literature Adab And Humanities Faculty State Islamic University Sultan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi 30Hawan, M Rizki. (2018). an Analysis of Semiotic Signs Found in Movie Poster of Pirates of the Caribbean. Thesis ofDepartment Of EnglishFaculty Of Cultural Studies University Of Sumatera Utara Medan

taking techniques. Then, the collected data were analyzed using the qualitative and descriptive method. The main theories used in this study are the theories of signifier and signified proposed by Saussure (1983), and the theory about verbal and non-verbal signs proposed by Dyer (1993), and supported by theory of color terms by Wierzbicka (1996), and color meaning by Chapman (2010).31

The similarities both of the research are the author use the same theory term of colour by Wierzbicka to interpret the meaning of colour were found in the poster, and the differences are the posters itself and theory used by Ni Putu Narista Devi, Ni Luh Sutjiati Beratha, I Made Netra to know the kind of signs were found in poster is Saussure’s semiotic theory, then Dyer visual and verbal signs theory. Meanwhile the writer use Charles Sanders Pierce theory of semiotic to know the kinds of sign and Roland Barthes to interpret the connotative and denotative meaning from the sign.

Lastly, Ni Luh Putu Juliantari (2016) Semiotic Analysis of “The Conjuring” Movie Poster Advertisement, this thesis from English Department Non Regular Program Faculty of Letters and Culture Udayana University. The focus of this study is to analyze the semiotic signs and the messages delivered by verbal and visual signs, especially in “The Conjuring” Movie Poster. The Conjuring movie poster also has much semiotic signs which can be analyzed in this study, which should know the meaning of the semiotic signs in this poster such as the meaning of colour, the verbal and visual aspect and other thing.32

This research and the two previous review of related literature have many similarities especially the object and the theory, those research analysed the poster and used the Saussure theory except M Rizky Hawan, because he used the pierce’s triadic model in classify the sign. Most of these research analysed the correlation between the visual and verbal sign with dyer theory.

31Devi, Beratha, Netra. 2017. Verbal and Non-verbal Signs of Zootopia Movie Poster. 32Juliantari, Ni LuhPutu. 2016. Semiotic Analysis of The Conjuring Movie Poster Advertisement. Udayana University. Denpasar

CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH

A. Design of Research Method is a way to accomplish a problem that will be analysed by researcher. Researcher needs method to do the analysis and the method itself will help the researcher to support and simplify the research. In this study, the writer uses qualitative research. By qualitative research, the writer can analyze the data easier. Based on the problem, the writer uses qualitative and decriptive method. Qualitative research focuses on the thick description of context and often emerges from situated problems in the field. One of the best ways to understand qualitative research is by becoming aware of how it differs from other types of research.33 The writer will be easier to do research about the film posters by using this qualitative research because qualitative research focuses on the particular context of the objects.

According to Sudaryanto “kekualitatifan penelitian berkaitan dengan data penelitian yang tidak berupaangka-angka dan merupakan kata-kata atau frasa”. 34 It means with qualitative method the research provides the analysis in the form of words. According to Walliman qualitative is a method of data collection that required of the different subjects, such asqualitative interviewing, focus groups, participant, discourse and conversation analysis and analysis of texts and documents.35Qualitative research is also suitable for library research with appropriate methods so as to facilitate the writer in understanding and presenting the data. It means that qualitative research is helpful to achieve variety of research goals.

33 Tracy, J.2013.Sarah .Qualitative Research Method:Collecting Evidence, Crafting Analysis, Communicating Impact.Blackwell Ltd. 34Sudaryanto. (1993). Metode dan Aneka Teknik Analisis Bahasa. Yogyakarta: Duta Wacana University Press. p. 92 35Walliman, Nicholas. (2010). RESEARCH METHOD The Basics. New York: Routledge. p.131

Creswell states Qualitative Research Begins with assumptions, a world view, the possible use of theoretical lens, and the study of research problems inquiring into the meaning individuals or group ascribe to a social or human problem.36By using qualitative, this research designs the data into form of descriptive method that generates the data from the posters. The writer uses descriptive method to describe the data that is found which the writer is ready to analyze, therefore the writer uses descriptive method in analyzing the data.

Descriptive method relies on observations as a mean of collecting data. It attempts to examine situations in order to establish what the norm is. The important point is that the observations are written down or recorded in some way, in order that they can be subsequently analyzed. It is important that the data so collected are organized and presented in a clear and systematic way, so that the analysis can result in valid and accurate conclusion.37

The statement above means that descriptive method from the observation then the result of the observation is written down in some way. It is useful to help the data collecting organized and systematically.

B. Source of Data Data is a collection of text, numbers and symbols with no meaning. Data therefore has to be processed, or provided with a context, before it can have meaning. Data is nothing when it only a data but if data stands to something it be interpretable. Data consists of raw facts and figures. When that data is processed into sets according to context, it provides information. When data is processed into information, it becomes interpretable and gains significance.

Source of the data is the sources for the writer to get the data. The data acquired by certain ways depend on the object of the research.The data source of this research is the posters especially the posters of film from Walt Disney

36Creswell, J. W. QUALITATIVE INQUIRY & RESEARCH DESIGN Choosing Among Five Approaches (Second ed.). p 37. 37Creswell, J. W. (2007). QUALITATIVE INQUIRY & RESEARCH DESIGN.California: Sage Publication, Inc.

company. The writer get the data by taking several posters of film such as Infinity War, Christopher Robin, Marry Poppins Returns, the Black Panther And the Incredible 2 movie posters and focus on the semiotics signs found on those posters and only in 2018.

C. Technique of Data Collection Technique of data collection is the important step in a research. The writer should get the valid and reliable data in order to get good analysis. The writer uses documentation technique as stated by Arikunto, “Dokumentasi adalah mencari dan mengumpulkan data mengenai hal-hal yang berupa catatan, transkip, buku, surat kabar, majalah, notulen, rapot, agenda dan sebagainya.”38

By the statement the writer collects the data by observing and identifying the signs in posters. According to Sudaryono “kegiatan dokumentasi adalah diajukan untuk memperoleh data langsung dari tempat penelitian, meliputi buku, laporan kegiatan, foto, film, dan data yang relevan penelitian”.39 From that statement Sudaryono explained that the documentation technique in collecting data can be in written, photo, and works. Then the writer collects the data by two steps.

Firstly, the writer searchs the poster in the internet, then selects the poster especially Walt Disney’s movie poster then downloading the poster from the internet to the devices. Second, while searching the poster the writer also observes which posters are going to be analysed by the writer. Then the writer notes and marks the important information about sign and poster from journal, e book and articles. That will useful in analyse the data. The writer chooses the posters that are distributed by Disney Company in 2018.

D. Technique of Data Analysis Analyzing the data is the important step in a research, and the process is dynamic and creative and important information is needed in the analyzing the data. By analyzing the researcher attempt to get deeper understanding about

38 Arikunto, S. (2006). Metodologi Penelitian. Yogyakarta: Bina Aksara.p.158. 39 Sudaryono. (2006). Metode Penelitian. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada. P. 129

something and to continually refine their interpretations40. the writer also uses model technique of data analysis to support the data, the method is constant comparative. According to Taylor and Bogdan “The constant comparative method is used by the researcher to develop concepts from the data by coding and analyzing at the same time.” Constant comparative method shows that by using this method involved two or more variable that would be compared in the research. In this case it the data that will be compared are movie poster of Avengers infinity war, Christoper Robin, the Nut Cracker and the Four Realms, Marry Poppins returns, The Black Panther, and The Incredible 2. Thus, the writer not only use descriptive to describe the data but also use comparative to compare and to develop each feature of data.

1. Observing The writer observS the selected poster of Walt Disney’s movie carefully and repeatedly, such as Avenger Infinity War, Christoper Robin, The Nut Cracker And The Four Realms, Marry Poppins Returns. In order to know which object in the poster that can be analyzed by the writer. 2. Marking Marking is the second step in this research, after observing the data the writer will gain the object with the sign and then mark the data.

3. Identify The writer begins to identify the signs that found in the selected Walt Disney’s movie posters 4. Classifying The writer classifies the sign then analyze the sign from the selected Walt Disney’s movie based on the formulation of the problem. 5. Analyzing After classifying the signs from selected Walt Disney’s movie posters, the writers start from explaining about the signs and then analyze the

40Steven J. Taylor, R. B. (2016). introduction to Qualitative Research Method A Guidebook and Resource (4th Edition ed.). New Jersey: JohnWiley & Sons, Inc.p.169.

signs, the meaning of signs and the correlation between the visual and verbal sign in the selected posters. 6. Conclusion After analyzing the data the writer makes a conclusion from the analysis about the sign and the meaning of sign and correlation between verbal and visual signs that found in those selected movie posters.

BAB IV FINDING AND ANALYSIS

A. Finding of the research In this analysis the writer found 26 qulisign and the color of background as the sign it means there are 26 color in the poster from six posters. Sinsign with 15 expressions of the characters as the sign it means many expression that found in six posters. Legisign found 26 from the term of color by wierzbicka and the qualisign as the sign. That’s why legisign and qualisign has the same amount. Icons that found are 66 more than other sign because icon represent every characters and things. Argument or the statement that give information to the consumers. And lastly in the six posters found 17 symbol that only Sidney, the Sidney’s castle, Disney company, marvel, marvel studio and symbol of avengers. And total semiotic sign found in six posters are 175. The movie of marvel studio mostly use dark color in the background of poster and it indicated that the movie from marvel studio about action, meanwhile the movie posters from Disney more colorful because the movie mostly about story of life of someone, fairytale and suits all ages. This research also analyzes the meaning of the sign in the poster but here the writer spesified the sign for meaning only background colors, characters and the tittle of th movie. And the writer found 19 denotative and connotative meaning then found myth meaning only 4, two of them from color and two others are myth of hero and cherry blossom. The correlation between visual sign and verbal sign is to give more information in the poster (advertisement). The visual sign to give more illustration to the verbal sign and the verbal sign avoids the visual sign from the ambiguity. In this analysis the writer only specified the correlation only for visual sign and the tittle of the movie because these two are the most important thing in the poster and the other sign just as additional information for the consumers.

B. Analysis of the research 1. Semiotic Sign In The Posters

Semiotic is a study about sign, and here “the semiotic sign in walt disney’s movie posters in 2018“ means that the sign according to semiotic and the sign will be explained with semiotic theories and wierzbicka anna as supporting theory. And the sign only from walt disney’s movie in 2018.

a. Poster Avengers Infinity War

SS.A

The qualisign found in the poster infinity war is color background which dominated by orange and dark blue, brown, hulk and gamora green skin and light in iron man’s chest and hands. And also colorful sparkling in the middle of poster. Because the qualisign is about quality and color is include to qualisign. The sinsign found in the poster is the expression showed by the characters, the expression all of the characters are serious and focus and they stand like they were ready to war. Ambitious serious expression showed by iron man, captain America, star lord, spider man, black widow, vision, dr stranger and scarlet witch from their eyes like aimed to their enemy. Anger expression showed by hulk, shuri, rocket and drax, the serious calm expression showed by black panther, thor, winter soldier, wong, war machine, mantis, nebula and gamora from their face and eye stare. And annoy

expression showed by okoye, and raccoon. Thanos the only one who shows the smirk expression. Because the sinsign is the phsycal reality or shape of a thing and the phsycal shape of the poster is characters with expressions.

The legisign of sign is based on Wierzbicka’s color terms that represents the meaning of color.orange (red colour of fire) is red represents joy, sexuality, passion, sensitivity, and love. Dark red is associated with vigor, willpower, rage, anger, leadership, courage, longing, malice, and wrath. Meanwhile dark blue represents knowledge, power, integrity, and seriousness. brown can be thought of as the color of the ground or at least as that color, which is likely to make people think of the ground. Green colour in gamora and hulk’s skin is Dark green and it is associated with ambition, greed, and jealousy. But in this context the green of skin indicates that hulk and gamora are not a regular human. Hulk is a monster body of banner, banner can transform to hulk in the film. And so gamora because gamora is a cyborg or a fictional or hypothetical person whose physical abilities are extended beyond normal human limitations by mechanical elements built into the body. 41

White in iron man’s hand is associated with light, goodness, innocence, purity, and virginity. But in this context white or light can simplicity represent a high-tech products. The legisign is commonly interpreted as human being convention and law that agreed by people and the term of colour is one of those law. The symbol in this poster are the symbol of avenger, marvel, marvel studio. In this case are the symbol of a company that produce this movie. The icon in this poster are Characters that include iron man, thor and captain america, and on their right side there are star lord, mantis, drax, damora, raqoon, rocket. doctor strange and wong at their back right side. And their left side there are black panther, shuri, okoye, hulk, winter soldier and nebula. Scarlet witch and vision at their back left side. Peter parker and black

41Oxford dictionary. (2019) Retrieved from https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/ definition/english/cyborg?q=cyborg on October 7th 2019.

widow In the front side and Thanos at the back side gun, shields, sword, baton and gloves. the powers from the hero. a gun, sword, shield, electric baton and glove. The gun and sword represent the equipment that often used by some avengers such as Gamora, Drax, winter soldier, rocket. Baton used by black widow and nebula. Shields used by Dr stranger, captain Amerika and Wong.

In this analysis icon is a represent of the sign itself. There is no index found in this poster because index is a causality and its need a time to analyze or in this case the writer has to wacth the movie first but it beyond of limitation of the problem. The interpretant in this sign is argument. The argument in this sign are avengers Infinity War, which is the tittle of the movie itself. And the casts name again but with the writer of the movie and the movie director’s name, April 27 and “In Reald 3d and Imax” that signifies that this movie is in a good quality (Imax and Reald 3d).

b. Poster Christoper Robin

SS.C

The qualisign found in the poster infinity war is color background which dominated by white color and there are some colors that exist from the shirts and the stuff from the characters. Such as red color from pooh t-shirt, yellow from tiger fur color, grey from chris coat and Eeyore fur color, black from

chris’s hat and shoes color, pink and blue from piglet. In this analysis focused to color and not include the meaning because this is the classification. The qualisign is about quality and color is include to qualisign. The sinsign found in the poster is the expression showed by the characters, Because the sinsign is the phsycal reality or shape of a thing and the phsycal shape of the poster is characters with expressions. This poster indicated that there are five main characters in this movie. They are christoper robin, pooh, piglet, tiger and Eeyore. The characters showed different expressions. But almost of them in serious expression except tigger with pleasure smile expression. Four of them in stand position except Eeyore who sit on the ground and stare at the book.

The legisign of sign is based on Wierzbicka’s color terms that represents the meaning of white is associated with light, goodness, innocence, purity, and virginity. It is considered to be the color of perfection. White means safety, purity, and cleanliness. In this poster white indicates that Christoper robin and the story is about the innocence, pureness of the characters in the movie. Dark red is associated with vigor, willpower, rage, anger, leadership, courage, longing, malice, and wrath. The character who wear the red is pooh and pooh is the brave and leadership bear and the main character after chris.

Meanwhile light blue is associated with health, healing, tranquility, understanding, and softness this color suits piglet because here piglet as a sweet friend that always understand and support other characters with her gentle behavior. Grey indicates the coolness and serious because grey is the mixture color from white and black. Black color indicates that christoper is in formal style and give mystery impression. Yellow from tiger fur Light is associated with intellect, freshness, and joy. from the poster the writer conluded that tiger is the only one who has please and joy expression that’s why color term is important because from the color the writer knew more about the poster. The symbol in this poster are the symbol of Disney, the company of Disney, and the palace of disney. In this case are the symbol of a company that produce this movie.

The icon in this poster are characters that include christoper robin, pooh, piglet, tiger, and eeyore. There are also briefcase and book. Icon is the represent of the sign itself and in this poster the icon for sign is the five characters with briefcase and book. The interpretant in this sign is argument. The argument in this sign are Argument as an information to consumen. The main character as christoper robin “Ewan McGregor”, “Disney” as movie production company, the tittle of the movie itself (Christoper Robin), then slogan Sooner or Later Your Past Cacths Up To You, casts’s name and the writer and the director of the movie’s name, and the last In Cinemas Soon.

c. Poster of Marry Poppins

SS.M

The qualisign in this poster is the color and background color which dominated by blue and red color and there are other colors that exist from the flower and umbrella. In this analysis focus to color and not including meaning because this is the classification. The qualisign is about quality and color is including to qualisign. The sinsign found in the poster is the expression showed by the characters, Because the sinsign is the phsycal reality or shape of a thing and the phsycal shape of the poster is characters with expressions. In this poster the expression of marry poppins is smiling and satre forward. The legisign is a rule or law how should something be, in this poster is based

on Wierzbicka’s color terms. Dark blue represents knowledge, power, integrity, and seriousness. Pink signifies romance, love, and friendship. It denotes feminine qualities and passiveness. The background colors indicates that in this movie Marry Poppins is a lovely and feminine. And she became a friend for banks family.

The symbol in this poster are the symbol of Disney, the company of Disney, and the palace of disney. In this case are the symbol of a company that produce this movie. The icon in this poster is marry poppins. Icon is the represent of the sign itself. The interpretant in this sign is argument. The argument in this sign are Argument as an information to consumen. The main characters real name, “Disney” as movie production company, the tittle of the movie itself “Marry Poppins Returns”, the casts’s name and the writer and the director of the movie’s name, and the last is “In Cinemas December 21”

In this poster found a visual sign, in denotative meaning of that sign is there is a woman who stand and smiling and staring forward. She is wearing a navy coat, red tie and hat and she is holding the brown handled umbrella, and the pink flower that blossom and some fall down because of the wind blows and this is the cherry blossom and the background is a blue sky. Denotative meaning is a literal meaning or dictionary strict meaning of a word and image. And the connotative meaning is the emotional meaning and what the hidden meaning from the word or image. In this poster is Marry Poppins is a beautiful girl and friendly because she is smiling and she wears the coat that common used in the winter season. According to Wierzbicka Anna’s color term, Blue color indicates the coldness and red color determine as joy, passion and love then brown is the color of earth indicates kindness. She looks happy and doing something that she loves.

She always bring the umbrella, that umbrella is different from common umbrella it means, this umbrella is a magic umbrella. cherry blossom is a flower that bloom in the spring or about March to May. It comes after the

winter and when the end of winter season it means the start of spring season. Spring is mostly windy and make the flower fall down and spread around the street and city. The blue sky indicates the winter is about to end. The myth for this flower is spring about to come. Because the fact that cherry blossom appear in March till may is already be a certain thing in four season country. And people believes that when the spring comes the cherry blossom is blooming. Myth in this context is a meaning that influenced by culture and habbit. In this poster myth for marry poppins is kind hearted and happy woman when spring season is coming.

d. Poster of Black Panther

The qualisign found in the poster black panther is color background which dominated by dark blue and black. Because the qualisign is about quality and color is incude to qualisign. The sinsign found in the poster is the expression showed by the characters, the expression all of the characters are serious and focus. Two of them is smirking and some of them are holding the weapons. The legisign of sign is based on Wierzbicka’s color terms that dark blue represents knowledge, power, integrity, and seriousness. Black color associated with power, elegance, formality, death, evil, and mystery.

The symbol in this poster are the symbol of avenger, marvel, marvel studio. In this case are the symbol of a company that produce this movie. The

icon in this poster are Characters that include T’challa, Shuri, Okoye, Wkabi, Killmonger, Nakia, M’baku, N’jobu, Ramonda and animal robot. The gun and sword represent the equipment that often used by heroes. In this analysis icon is a represent of the sign itself. The interpretant in this sign is argument cast’s name, marvel studio, black panther long live the king. cast’s, director and producer of the movie names. In cinemas february 15 In Real 3d And Imax quality of display.

e. Poster of Incredibles 2

SS.I

Qualisign in this poster is the background color which dominated by orange, black, green, purple and blue. The sinsign is the expression of the family is smirking except the little one he is smiling and from his eye such a power appearance. legisign is a term of color from Wierzbicka. Red of fire (orange) represent the whole background and the parr family suits and indicates as passion, love, and war. Black represent the mystery, death, and serious. Green, blue and purple is a power flash’s color from the incredibles. Symbols are the logo of Disney that indicate Disney is a movie production company for this movie. Icon is the characters that includes Bob Parr, Helen Parr, Violet Parr, Dash Parr, and Jack Jack Parr. The family with super power. Interpretant is the information that argumented in the poster. “Disney Pixar”

as movie production company, second the tittle of the movie itself “Incredibles 2”, the release date “June 15” and the last is casts’s name and the writer, producer and the director of the movie’s name.

f. Poster of The Nut Cracker

SS.T

The qualisign found in the poster the Nut Cracker is color background which dominated by blue, purple and dark. Because the qualisign is about quality and color is include to qualisign. The sinsign found in the poster is the expression showed by the characters, the expression all of the characters are serious and focus. one of them is smirking and one of them is holding the magic egg. The legisign of sign is based on Wierzbicka’s color terms that blue represents tranquillity, health, healing, understanding, and softness. Dark indicates evil, death and something gloomy.

The symbol in this poster are the symbol of Disney, and the palace of Disney. In this analysis are the symbol of a company that produce this movie. The icon in this poster are Characters that include the princess, the royal servant, fairy, god father, mother ginger and there are four people with eccentric suits. In this analysis icon is a represent of the sign itself. The interpretant in this sign is argument cast’s name, Disney, the nut cracker and

the four realms, cast’s, director and producer of the movie names. In cinemas soon In Real 3d And Imax quality of display.

In this analysis of qualisign the writer only focused to color of background because color exist in every posters. And only found 6 kind of sign and three of them should not be analyzed such as index, dicent, and ryme. Those kinds of sign take time to analyze, index is about causality and it needs deeper analysis and it beyond of limitation of the problem of this research. The classification of sign in this research including background, characters, tittle of the movie, even the symbol of the production company of the movie.

2. Meaning Of Semiotic Sign In The Posters The meaning in this posters is specified by the writer only the most important thing in the poster such as the appearance of the poster and title because the other verbal signs are additional information to the consumers. a. Poster of Avengers Infinity War

MS.A

Denotative meaning from this movie is characters in a strange fields, seems like in other planet or space. The background colors are orange, dark blue and dark. There are verbal signs and the impression from the poster is

mysterious, cool and attractive. Connotative meaning from the poster is as an advertisement tool that used to persuade the consumer more effective because poster contain different concept that make the consumer wondering to know about the movie. The background colors connote that there are many action in this movie. From the character pose and appearance indicates that the characters are not a normal human. Because some of them seems unlike human and have a super power.

The verbal sign includes the The tittle of this movie in the poster “Avengers Infinity War” illustrate that the characters are the alliance in a war and the verbal sign in gold font. It means that marvel studios’s movie that distributed by Disney is a special and must be successful because the characters in this movie has their own movie before and they are assembling in this movie. Disney movie always be one of many awaited movie around the world, because the quality of Disney movies are amazing. Myth for this poster is a great movie because the casts in this movie are great actor and actress with amazing acting skill. The colors in the poster associated that this movie will appear war scene, the darkness from the war and the high technology that used in this movie. The war is a big thing that give bad effect to the people and cause a destruction.

b. Poster of Christoper Robin

MS.C

Denotative meaning from the poster are The background color is all white and there are some colors that exist from the shirts and the stuff from the characters. This poster indicates that there are five main characters in this movie. They are christoper robin, pooh, piglet, tiger and Eeyore. The white color is a color of snow and milk. Connotative meaning in this poster is a man with their childhood friends. he is an employee and he has a pure heart when he is adult, he still care about his old friend. Myth in this poster is from the background colors which is white and white indicates purity and this poster illustrate the sincerity of the characters in this movie.

c. Poster of Marry Poppins

MS.M

The denotative from the verbal sign is the Disney and marry poppins returns in white colored font. There are casts name and the date of release. The connotative from this sign is the Disney is a entertainment production company it means that this movie was made by Disney. Then the Marry Poppins is the tittle of the movie indicates that the main character in this movie is marry poppins. The “Returns” word in the tittle as a hint that there is another marry poppins movie before this movie. First Marry Poppins movie release on august 26th 1964 and this film is successful. The myth in this verbal

sign is what people think when they see the poster, Marry Poppins must be a kind hearted because she is smiling and looks like a good woman.

d. Poster of Black Panther

MS.B

Denotative meaning from the background colors or black and dark blue. Dark blue is a color of ocean, and black is the darkest color or the color of charcoal. There are nine main character with serious expression, the connotative meaning of the background color indirectly illustrate that the black panther must be black and give an overview about the movie. It means that Black Panther is a powerful, mysterious and formal being in this movie. From the synopsis have been explained that Black Panther is a prince and king. He able to transform to Black Panther with his kingdom’s high technology to defeat the old enemy. The background voew indicates that movie is a sci-fi movie, sci-fi movie is a movie with high technology, knowledge and fiction. Than in the visual sign there are animal robot and the background is elegant. It shows that this movie is giving a modern and futuristic view. The verbal sign shows that the movie will be released on February 15th 2018, in cinema with 3D and IMAX quality. The myth for this poster is the hero with mysterious appearance to revenge to the enemy.

e. Poster of Incredibles 2

MS.I

Denotative in this poster are characters, villain, ship, LRT with the background color. Orange is a fire and orange fruit color. Black is the darkest color. Connotative for this poster is a family with super power. As a hero the incredibles are helping the people and the world from the villain. The flash from the eyes and hand of violet and jack jack parr indicates the power. Myth for hero or everyone with super power is protecting the weak people and fight the enemy. the people believe that the hero always kind hearted.

f. Poster of The Nut Cracker

MS.T

Denotative meaning from the background colors blue and dark. blue is a color of sky, and dark is a gloom color or the color of stormy sky. There are eight main character with serious expression, the connotative meaning of the background color indirectly illustrate that the poster illustrates that many of main characters but expression of mother ginger or the orange haired woman seems like a villain or antagonist, the expression is smirking. Smirking is the evil smile that appear when she sees the bad thing happen to her enemy.

The color that dominated in the poster are purple, light blue and pink. Wierzbicka anna stated that Light blue is associated with health, healing, tranquility, understanding, and softness. The movie contains some tranquillity place, and the softness from the behaviour of the main character. Pink color represents love, passion and warm. In this movie there are affection and love from each character and pink colored dress that use by character illustrate that the character is lovely and warm. And different world inhabited by different characters.

The meaning of sign here including denotative, connotative, myth. the denotative sign is what exactly in the poster without deeper meaning and the connotative meaning has same data with denotative sign because the connotative sign is the deeper meaning or hidden meaning from denotative itself. The data of myth are from color that really dominated and the particular thing in the poster with supporting theory Wierzbicka Anna term of color and of course the myth about color that people believe in life. For instance black is the color of gloomy, darkness, devil or to describe something hard and bad.

3. The Correlation Between Visual And Verbal Sign In The Posters a. Poster of Avengers Infinity War

CS.A

The poster shows the attractive, mysterious, cool and impressive view. The background colors are orange, dark blue, brown and dark. The place in the poster is a strange field and from the top side of poster there are other planet and it seems the poster take place in space or other planet. The poster indicates that there are many main characters in this movie. In the poster there are icons of the character with serious expression and ready to war pose.

There are five verbal sign in this poster, first in the top side of poster there are names of casts. Second verbal sign of Marvel Studio as a movie production company. Third Avengers Infinity War, which is the tittle of the movie itself. And the fourth is the casts name again but with the writer of the movie and the movie director’s name. The last verbal sign is April 27 and “IN Reald 3d And Imax” that signifies that this movie is in a good quality (Imax and Reald 3d). Visual sign without context can be ambiguity and has many meaning, for poster as an advertisement has to be clear and not ambigue. And the verbal sign here is to make sure that visual sign in the poster is describing the infinity war. Where the war is not limited by place and showed in the

poster that the war in different spaces. And more information for release and place date.

b. Poster of Christoper Robin

CS.C

This poster has a simple and elegant look, from the background color its only one color. The background color is all white and there are some colors that exist from the shirts and the stuff from the characters. This poster indicates that there are five main characters in this movie. They are Christoper Robin, Pooh, Piglet, Tiger and Eeyore. The characters shows different expressions. But almost of them in serious expression except tiger with pleasure smile expression. Four of them in stand position except Eeyore who sit on the ground and stare at the book.

There are six verbal sign in this movie poster. First the main character’s real name “Ewan McGregor“, second verbal sign of Disney as production company of this movie. Third is the tittle of the movie Christoper Robin, fourth is a slogan “Sooner or Later, your past catchs up to you”. the fifth is the cast’s name and the writer and the director of the movie’s name and the last is “In Cinema Soon”. The verbal and visual sign in this poster have been explained in the paragraph above and the correlation between both is to give

more illustration so that the poster easy to understand and persuade the consumers. The man who standing is Christopher robin because the only human being in the poster.

c. Poster of Marry Poppins

CS.M

This poster is simple and fresh with the color of background, the background color is blue with little brown touch from the buildings in the poster. Then there is pink color from the flower and there are some colors that exist from the clothes and the stuff from marry poppins. This poster indicates that the main character is marry poppins and she always bring her magic umbrella with her. The expression of Marry Poppins is smiling and it is beautiful smile and Marry Poppins itself is a beautiful woman and almost no flaws in her.

There are five verbal sign in this movie poster. First the main characters’s real names, second verbal sign of Disney as production company of this movie. Third is the tittle of the movie Marry Poppins Returns, fourth is the cast’s name and the writer and the director of the movie’s name and the last is “In Cinemas December 21”. In the visual sign there is a woman and there is verbal sign marry poppins returns. It explains that the woman is marry poppins and it her returns.

d. Poster of Black Panther

CS.B

The poster shows the cool and unique view, because almost of the characters are black skinned people. The colors make it be mysterious. The background colors are blue, dark blue, and black. The place in the poster is a unique and high-tech place because there are the animal robot beside the characters. And almost all of them with serious expression, two of them is smirking and some of them are holding the weapons.

There are five verbal signs in this poster, first in the top side of poster there are real names of casts. Second verbal sign of Marvel Studio as a movie production company. Third Black Panther Long Live the King, which is the tittle of the movie itself. And the fourth is the casts name again but with the writer of the movie and the movie director’s name. The last verbal sign is 2.15.18 and “In Reald 3d And Imax” that signifies that this movie is in a good quality (Imax and Reald 3d).

The correlation between the verbal and visual sign in this poster are the tittle of the movie is the verbal sign black panther, and the visual sign background colors are black and dark blue. The color of background indirectly illustrate that the black panther must be black and give an overview about the movie that Black Panther is an powerful, mysterious and formal

being in this movie. From the synopsis have been explained that Black Panther is a prince and king. He able to transform to Black Panther with his kingdom’s high technology to defeat the old enemy. Than in the visual sign there are animal robot and the background is elegant. It shows that this movie is giving a modern and futuristic view. First of all the correlation of verbal and visual sign here is to make the poster easy to understand for the consumers. Because poster without visual is not as attractive as a poster with visual sign or image.

e. Poster of Incredibles 2

CS.I

Visual sign in the poster are a woman, a man, a little girl, an two little boys. They looks like have super power and behind them there are many people and burned city, there is strange thing with light eyes with ufo craft. a man, a little girl, an two little boys. They looks like have super power and behind them there are many people and burned city, there is strange thing with light eyes with ufo craft. The verbal sign is incredibles 2 in white colored font. There are casts name and the date of release. The correlation between the visual and verbal sign the visual showed that there are characters with super power and the verbal sign incredible 2 indicates that the superpower and the characters are incredible or amazing. Mostly visual give

the illustration and the verbal sign to make sure the thing from the ambiguities. It is important to poster to contain both visual and verbal sign.

f. Poster of The Nut Cracker

CS.T

The visual sign in this poster is characters dressed like princess, fairy, royal servant, and villain. The background itself look like four domed palace. And the main characters are surrounded by the royal security. The colors that dominate in the poster are light blue, p purple and pink. And in the behind background there are dark world and colored world. It indicates that there are more than one world in this movie. The verbal sign is Disney the nut cracker and the four realms. And under the tittle there are the casts, producer and director name. Complete with place and date of release.

The correlation of the visual and verbal sign in this poster is the verbal sign will give more explanation about the poster, to make the poster easy to understand and persuade the consumers to watch the movie. For instance, the Nut Cracker and the characters illustrate that one of the main character is the Nut Cracker and the main character in this movie. And the Four Realms and the four domed palace, four realms means there are four world in this movie, because the palace has four dome. It is a hint that the four world in in the palace itself. And the casts name on the top of poster show that the main

character in this movie are eight. And the four that wear eccentric suits illustrate the four different worlds.

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

A. Conlusion

After analyzing the posters the writer concludes this research based on formulation of the problem.

1. The writer found visual and verbal sign with six posters as the data the writer found six types or classification of sign in the posters. They are qualisign or the quality and it can be represented by background color, sinsign in this research is the expression of the characters, legisign or a rule or law here color term by wierzbicka anna and all colors are from the background color (qualisign), icon is the representation of the icon itself in this case the characters icon indicates the characters that will be in the movie, symbol is something that represent a thing even the thing is not exist in the poster. And argument are the information to public and dominated by verbal form. Those sign in visual and and verbal form. In those six posters, the most dominated appearance of color is dark blue, such as marry poppins, the nut cracker, the black panther, and infinity war most of background is blue with other complement color. Four posters contains dark color in the background except christoper robin ad incredibles2. Because christoper robin’s background color only white and incredibles 2’s background color is orange and striking. 2. Denotative meaning from the poster is taken from the meaning of color and the character but only from what appeared in the posters. But connotative meaning anlyze the color and the character with deeper meaning or more than what on the poster, because connotative meaning also called as a hidden meaning. Myth analyze the meaning according to the culture or perception that growth in people or what people believe in. myth in poster infinity war is a big war that include the space and other planet, myth in christoper robin is a sincerity of the characters,

myth in marry poppins is kind hearted woman in the spring season. Myth in Black panther is revenge to the enemy. The myth for incredibles is a superhero family. Myth for the nut cracker is a princess in four kingdom. 3. The correlation of the visual and verbal sign in all posters is to complete each other in order to make the poster easy to understand and persuade the consumers with attractive appearance. 4. Suggestion

The writer suggest to the reader or the next researcher, who has interest to analyze about semiotics, to choose the semiotic sign in songs, poetries, novel, other kinds of advertisement. Because this analysis is unique and analysis the basic thing in daily or sign. Sign is the closest thing in our life. so its better if many researcher that analyze about semiotic in order to get other version analysis, theory and object. Poster is an exact and challenging to analysis because in one poster there are many sign that the writer have to analyze. Hopefuly this research will help the reader to attain more knowledge about semiotics and sign.

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Appendix 1

Semiotic sign in the posters

Code Of Name Of No Kind Of Signs Signs Data Poster

SS.A01 1. Orange SS.A02 Avengers 2. Dark Blue SS.A03 Infinity War Representment: 3. Dark SS.A04 Qualisign (Color) 4. Brown SS.A05 5. Green

1. Serious And Focus SS.A06 Expression SS.A07 2. Ambitious Serious SS.A08 Representment: Expression SS.A09 Sinsign (Expression) 3. Anger Expression SS.A10 4. Serious Calm Expression 1 SS.A11 5. Annoy Expression

6. Smirk Expression

1. Orange (Red Of Fire) = Passion, Sensitivity And Love SS.A12 2. Dark Blue = Knowledge, SS.A13 Representment: Power, Integrity. SS.A14 Legisign ( Color 3. Dark = Mysterious, SS.A15 Terms Of Anna Death, Evil. SS.A16 Wierzbicka) 4. Brown = Color Of The Ground 5. Green = Ambition, Greed And Jelousy.

1. SS.A17 Object: Symbol SS.A18 (Association Of SS.A19 General Ideas) 2.

3. SS.A20 1. Iron Man SS.A21 2. Capten America SS.A22 3. Thor SS.A23 4. Star Lord SS.A24 5. Mantis SS.A25 6. Rocket SS.A26 7. Racoon SS.A27 8. Drax SS.A28 9. Gamoora Object: Icon SS.A29 10. Doctor Strange (Representative Of SS.A30 11. Wong The Object) SS.A31 12. Black Panther SS.A32 13. Shuri SS.A33 14. Okoye SS.A34 15. Hulk SS.A35 16. Winter Soldier SS.A36 17. Nebula SS.A37 18. Peter Parker SS.A38 19. Black Widow SS.A39 20. Scarlet Witch

SS.A40 21. Vision SS.A41 22. Thanos SS.A42 23. Swords SS.A43 24. Guns SS.A44 25. Glove SS.A45 26. Shields SS.A46 27. Electric Baton

1. Avengers Infinity War SS.A47 Interpretant: 2. Casts, Writer Of Film, SS.A48 Argument (Logical Director’s Name. SS.A49 Reasoning Of 3. April 27 SS.A50 Interpretent) 4. In Real D 3d And Imax.

SS.C 01 1. White SS.C 02 2. Red SS.C 03 3. Yellow CHRISTOPER Representment: SS.C 04 4. Gray ROBIN Qualisign (Color) 2 SS.C 05 5. Black SS.C 06 6. Pink SS.C 07 7. Blue SS.C 08 Representment: 1. Serious Expression

SS.C 09 Sinsign (Expression) 2. Plesure Smile Expression

1. White = Purity, Innocence, Kindness 2. Red = Will Power, SS.C 10 Leadership, Courage, SS.C 11 Brave Representment: SS.C 12 3. Yellow = Intelect, Legisign ( Color SS.C 13 Freshness, Enjoy Terms Of Anna SS.C 14 4. Blue = Tranquality, Wierzbicka) SS.C 15 Understanding, Softness SS.C 16 5. Gray = Serious, Coolness 6. Black = Mysteryous Impression 7. Pink = Friendship, Love

1. SS.C 17 Object: Symbol 7 SS.C 18 (Association Of

SS.C 19 General Ideas) 2.

3. SS.C 20 1. Christoper Robin SS.C 21 2. Pooh SS.C 22 3. Piglet Object: Icon SS.C 23 4. Tiger (Representative Of SS.C 24 5. Eeyore The Object) SS.C 25 6. Briefcase SS.C 26 7. Book SS.C 27 8. Umbrella

1. Ewan Mcgregor SS.C 28 2. Disney SS.C 29 3. Christoper Robin SS.C 30 Interpretant: 4. Sooner Or Later Your SS.C 31 Argument (Logical Past Cacths Up To You

SS.C 32 Reasoning Of 5. Casts’s Name And The SS.C 33 Interpretent) Writer And The Director Of The Movie’s Name 6. In Cinemas Soon. 3. SS.M 01 1. Dark Blue SS.M 02 MARRY 2. Red Representment: SS.M 03 POPPINS 3. Pink Qualisign (Color) SS.M 04 RETURNS 4. Brown

Representment: SS.M 05 1. Smiling Sinsign (Expression)

1. Dark Blue = Knowledge, SS.M 06 Representment: Integritas, Power SS.M 07 Legisign ( Color 2. Red = Willpower, Brave, SS.M 08 Terms Of Anna Passion SS.M 09 Wierzbicka) 3. Pink = Love, Friendship

4. Brown = Friendly

1. SS.M 10 Object: Symbol SS.M 11 (Association Of SS.M 12 General Ideas) 2.

SS.M 13 1. Marry Poppins Object: Icon SS.M 14 2. The Flower (Representative Of SS.M 15 3. The Buildings The Object) SS.M 16 4. Magic Umbrella 1. Disney 2. Marry Poppins Returns SS.M 17 Interpretant: 3. The Casts’s Name And SS.M 18 Argument (Logical The Writer And The SS.M 19 Reasoning Of Director Of The Movie’s SS.M 20 Interpretent) Name 4. In Cinemas December 21 4. SS.B 01 THE BLACK Representment: 1. Dark Blue SS.B 02 PANTHER Qualisign (Color) 2. Black

SS.B 03 1. Serious And Focus Representment: SS.B 04 2. Smirking Sinsign (Expression)

Representment: 1. Dark Blue= Knowledge, SS.B 05 Legisign ( Color Integrity, Seriousness

SS.B 06 Terms Of Anna 2. Black= Death, Mystery Wierzbicka) And Formality Object: Symbol SS.B 07 (Association Of 1. General Ideas) SS.B 08 1. T Challa SS.B 09 2. Shuri SS.B 10 3. Okoye SS.B 11 4. Wkabi SS.B 12 5. Killmonger Object: Icon SS.B 13 6. Nakia (Representative Of SS.B 14 7. M’baku The Object) SS.B 15 8. N’jobu SS.B 16 9. Romanda SS.B 17 10. Animal Robot SS.B 18 11. Guns SS.B 19 12. Swords 1. Cast’s name 2. Marvel studio SS.B 20 3. Black panther long live SS.B 21 Interpretant: the king. SS.B 22 Argument (Logical 4. Cast’s, director and SS.B 23 Reasoning Of producer of the movie SS.B 24 Interpretent) names.

5. In cinemas february 15. IN REAL 3D AND

IMAX.

SS.I01 1. Orange SS.I02 2. Black Representment: SS.I03 3. Blue Qualisign (Color) SS.I04 4. Green 5 SS.I05 5. Purple

SS.I06 Representment: 1. Smirking SS.I07 THE Sinsign (Expression) 2. Smiling INCREDIBLE 1. Orange =the red of fire S 2 2. Black= mystery, SS.I08 Representment: serious dead SS.I09 Legisign ( Color 3. Blue = tranquility, heal SS.I10 Terms Of Anna and coolness SS.I11 Wierzbicka) 4. Green = nature, SS.I12 jealousy and greedy. 5. Purple

SS.I13 1. Object: Symbol SS.I14 (Association Of SS.I15 General Ideas) 2.

SS.I16 1. Bob parr SS.I17 2. Helen parr SS.I18 3. Violet parr SS.I19 Object: Icon 4. Dash parr SS.I20 (Representative Of 5. Jack jack parr SS.I21 The Object) 6. Sport car, SS.I22 7. Helichopter SS.I23 8. Lrt (light rapid transit) SS.I24 9. Ship and fire 1. Disney pixar 2. “Incredibles 2”, SS.I25 Interpretant: 3. “june 15” SS.I26 Argument (Logical 4. Casts’s name and the SS.I27 Reasoning Of writer, producer and the SS.I28 Interpretent) director of the movie’s name. 6 SST.01 1. Blue THE NUT Representment: SST.02 2. Purple CRACKERS Qualisign (Color) SST.03 3. Dark

SST.04 Representment: 1. Serious focus

SST.05 Sinsign (Expression) 2. Smirking

1. Dark= mystery, serious Representment: SST.06 dead Legisign ( Color SST.07 2. Blue = tranquility, heal Terms Of Anna SST.08 and coolness Wierzbicka) 3. Purple

Object: Symbol SST.09 (Association Of 1 SST.10 General Ideas)

2 1. Princess SST.11 2. Royal servant SST.12 Object: Icon 3. Fairy SST.13 (Representative Of 4. God father SST.14 The Object) 5. Mother ginger SST.15 6. Four people with SST.16 eccentric 1. Disney” as movie SST.17 production company Interpretant: SST.18 2. the tittle of the movie Argument (Logical SST.19 “the nut cracker and the Reasoning Of SST.20 four realms” Interpretent) 3. writer and the director of the movie’s name

“In Cinemas soon” IN REAL 3D AND IMAX

APPENDIX 2

Meaning of the sign in the posters

No Code of Name of Kind of Meaning Date poster meaning

1 MS.A 01 denotative 1. Characters 2. Strange field and space MS.A 02 AVENGERS 3. Background INFINITY MS.A 03 4. Title of the movie with the gold WAR fonts MS.A 04

MS.A 05 Connotative 1. Characters that will be found in the movie MS.A 06 2. The movie also take place in other MS.A 07 planet 3. The background of the poster is MS.A 08 the dark sky and the orange color that indicates war and emotion. 4. Avengers infinity war, the war between the avengers and thanos that infinited by place, and gold is one of the most precious thing in the world and it indicates that this movie is one of Disney best movie.

MS.A 09 Myth 1. the dark sky indicates the gloomy, sad and death. It means that in this

movie there are characters who will die. 2 MS.C 01 Denotative 1. Characters 2. Background MS.C 02 3. The title of the movie “avengers

MS.C 03 CHRISTOPE infinity war”

R ROBIN

MS.C.04 Connotative 1. This movie has 5 main characters, an adult man seems like an office MS.C 05 employee with four animals

MS.C 06 2. This movie tell the story about the purity, sincerity and innocent of

friendship between the characters. 3. The movie is about christoper robin’s life and friendship. MS.C 07 Myth 1. White represent something good, cleaness, purity, sincerity and

innocent. 3 MS.M Denotative 1. Marry poppins with smiling 01 expression and holding the

umbrella MS.M 2. Background, Big Ben clock, 02 cherry blossom MS.M 3. Tittle of the movie “marry 03 poppins returns”

MARRY MS.M POPPINS Connotative 1. The main character in this movie 04 RETURNS is marry poppins and she looks like a kind hearted woman and MS.M she always bring the umbrella 05 2. The background of the poster is MS.M the Big Ben clock or the icon of 06 London city it means this movie take place in London, England. And the sky is blue indicates the tranquility and coolness, the cherry blossom that falling by

wind blows and spred away. And the cherry blossom only blooming on febraury to may or spring season. 3. Marry poppins returns indicates that there is marry poppins movie before this movie. MS.M Myth 1. Myth of Cherry blossom in four 07 season country is spring about to come. 4 MS.B 01 Denotative 1. The characters 2. The background, unique metal MS.B 02 design, animal robot MS.B 03 3. The tittle of the movie “the black panther”

MS.B 04 Connotative 1. There are ten main characters in this movie and the expression is MS.B 05 THE BLACK serious and some of them holding PANTHER the weapon. Indicates that the characters ready to defeat the enemy. It describes that this movie is an action movie 2. The background is elegant with unique metal design and dark blue and black color. The design and animal robot indicates that the kingdom is sophisticated and

futuristic and the movie is sci-fi. According to wierbicka anna dark blue represents knowledge, power integrity and black means mysterious, death and evil. Myth -

5 MS.I 01 Denotative 1. Characters THE 2. Background, color, city, LRT, and MS.I 02 INCREDIBL unique design with letter I. MS.I 03 ES 2 3. The tittle of the movie “the incredibles 2” MS.I 04 Connotative 1. The main Characters in the movie are family, there is father, mother, MS.I 05 sister/daughter, brother/ son and MS.I 06 the youngest brother/son. There is frozone the parr family’s friend. There are villain on the top side of poster and look like alien because he use mask and his eye is shining. 2. Background color is orange and there are burning city that indicates there destruction in the city and the villain want to kill and destroy everything they found, the lrt the transportation in the city and super car indicates this movie futuristic and

sophisticated and the design with letter I is the sign for the incredibles. 3. Incredibles 2 is the tittle of movie and it means something amazing and extraordinary. And in this movie the incredible is the parr family or the superhero family with incredible super power. MS.I 07 Myth 1. Hero is a “super” man that strong and have super power and always

help the weak people and save the world from the enemy that want to destroy the world for self pleasure. 6 MS.T 01 Denotative 1. Characters 2. Background, color, the palace MS.T 02 3. The tittle of the movie “the nut MS.T 03 cracker and the four realms” THE NUT MS.T 04 Connotative 1. There many characters in the CRACKER poster, such as princess, fairy, MS.T 05 AND THE god father, mother ginger, the FOUR MS.T 06 royal servant, and four characters REALMS with eccentric costume that illustrate four different realms that will be found by the princess in the movie. 2. The palace is colorful and it

seems like a good place for the princess the background color dominated by blue and dark. According wierzbicka anna, blue indicates the tranquilty, calmness, and peaceful and dark indicates mysterious, evil and sadness. It describes that there is safe and dangerous place in the palace. 3. The nut cracker and the four realms is place that contains many world, such as sweets, land flower, snowflake and shiver world. Myth -

Appendix 3

The correlation between visual and verbal sign in the posters

No Code Name of poster Visual sign Verbal sign Correlation of data

1 CS.01 The poster shows “Avengers Avengers infinity the mysterious Infinity War” war is the tittle of and cool view, the movie, and the background poster as a color dark and adverti2sement tool orange, shows that will persuade the characters. the consumers contains the illustration of the infinity war. And AVENGERS the visual sign INFINITY shows that the WAR situation in the poster is like war with the expressions and poses of the characters. In the poster there are other planets that indicates the war is not limited by place.

2 CS.02 “Christoper The visual sign in Robin” poster always the illustration from the “Sooner Or verbal sign, in this Later Your Past poter the visual sign Catches Up To illustrate that only You” christoper robin Elegant and with his childhood simple friend. And that’s CHRISTOPER appearance, the enough to describe ROBIN characters and that christoper robin the simple poses is the man who and expression. standing among his friends. the slogan indicates that his friend came from his past when he was a child.

3 CS.03 Simple and Marry Poppins The visual sign only eyecathing Returns shows one main

MARRY appearance, the character or marry POPPINS beautiful woman poppins, and she RETURNS who smiling looks happy to beautifuly. Dark return because the Blue sky and verbal sign returns background indicates that there

color. is another marry poppins movie before.

4 CS.04 The unique and “The Balck The characters in cool view, the Panther” visual sign are color are dark almost all of the blue and black balck skinned make it cooler people and the black

THE BLACK and more panther is black. PANTHER mysterious. Sophisticated appearance with animal robot and weapons.

5 CS. 05 Such a crowd “The The Incredibles are and messy Incredibles” pointed to the situation, where superhero family the city burned that have amazing THE and superhero power and not INCREDIBLES ready to fight ordinary. Even the 2 with the super baby also has the power flash incredible super appearance in the power. poster.

6 CS.06 Beautiful, “ The Nut The visual sign colorful and eye Cracker And illustrate that the catching view, The Four princess and fairy THE NUT the characters Realms” and four realms that CRACKER dressed like a represented by four AND THE princess and characters with FOUR fairy and royal eccentric costum REALMS servant. such as sweets, land of flower, shiver and snoflakes world.