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Apionidae from North and Central America. Part 1. Notes on The University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Insecta Mundi Florida December 1989 Apionidae from North and Central America. Part 1. Notes on the classification of the Apion subgenus Trichapion Wagner with description of new species from the United States of America. (Coleoptera) David G. Kissinger Lorna Linda, CA Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi Part of the Entomology Commons Kissinger, David G., "Apionidae from North and Central America. Part 1. Notes on the classification of the Apion subgenus Trichapion Wagner with description of new species from the United States of America. (Coleoptera)" (1989). Insecta Mundi. 465. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/465 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Vol. 3, No. 4, December 1989 271 Apionidae from North and Central America. Part 1. Notes on the classification of the Apion subgenus Trichapion Wagner with description of new species from the United States of America. (Coleoptera) D.G. Kissinger 24414 University Ave #40 Lorna Linda, CA 92354 Abstract species of Apion have been described from this region, Whitehouse (1977) suspects that about 90% of the Central American Apion remains unknown. Selected taxonomic characters of Apion species This points out the large effort needed to describe are redefined and explained including subcephalic and differentiate the species of Apion from the ridge, sensory seta and macrochaeta. New species region and the need to develop methods and proce- described are Apion (Trichapion) memnonmonum dures to ease the process. Kissinger, Black Mountains, North Carolina and With the exception of measurements and Apion (Trichapion) nelsoni Kissinger from Davis characters discussed below, terminology of the Mts, Texas and Santa Rita Mts, Arizona. Supple- tegmen follows Alonso Zarazaga (1983) and Kiss- mental descriptions or new records are given for the inger (1988a); other usages and procedures follow following species: Apion aequabile Fall, A brunni- Kissinger (1968). The terms for regions of the cornis Fall, A eccentricurn Fall, A minor Smith, A rostrum follow a revision of African Brentidae (cited punctulirostre Sharp and A submetallicurn Bohe- in Alonso Zarazaga, 1983) where the mesorostrum man. is the insertion of the antenna, here redefined to be A statistical test is used to evaluate the impor- the anterior margin of the antennal scrobe; the tance of a character in defining species groups in prorostrum is anterior to the mesorostrum; and the the Apion subgenus Trichapion Wagner. Eighteen metarostrum is basad of the mesorostrum. characters met this criterion and were used to Subcephalic ridge refers to the ridge on the define 12 species groups. A method is presented to ventro-lateral aspect of the head which is a possible evaluate membership in a species group. The inclu- extension of the dorsal margin of the anterinal sion probabilities for a list of 82 species is given for scrobe. Presumably these ridges define a kind of each of 12 species groups of Trichapion occurring in pocket into which part of the antenna may fit in North and Central America. repose. The ridges range from absent as in Apion obrieni Kissinger to highly developed as in Apion bryanti Wagner. Introduction The term, sensory seta, refers to the "specialized seta" of the elytra (Kissinger, 1968), which may be This is the first of a series of papers which will of a distinctive color, brownish to golden, in con- summarize new distribution and bionomic records trast to the other elytra. vestiture. The long variety, and will update the taxonomy of Apion from North such as found in the apical area of intervals 7 and and Central America. Recently new host plant 9 of Apion herculanum Smith, are set in a large, records based on rearing have been published distinctive socket-like puncture; the short, erect (Kissinger, 1988b). Because of widespread destruc- variety, such as those found along interval 3 in tion of habitats in recent years, particularly in the Apion proclive LeConte, may lack a special punc- tropics, it is important to document the recent ture and barely project beyond the surrounding capture of species known from very few sites. vestiture. I believe that the sensory seta is similar Since the publication of Kissinger (1968) many in structure and origin to the large "bristles" on the new species of Apion have been identified from thorax of Drosophila (see Stern, 1958). The term North and Central America based on some 12,000 macrochaeta is applied to a microscopic seta with a recently collected specimens. Even though about 300 distinct socket-like base; these occur in sclerotized 272 Insecta Mundi areas on the tegrnen and other locations. The group that may ease the problem of associating pro- structure is to be distinguished from microtrichae posed new species with the large number of known which do not have such a base and commonly occur species. on membranous structures. I believe that macro- The following new species was found while chaetae are analogous to sensory setae in structure determining specimens for the American Museum and origin and may be under a similar degree of of Natural History. genetic and developmental control, as is known for Drosophila and its thoracic setae. Making and reporting measurements is difficult Apion (Trichapion) memnonmonum because Apion specimens are so small, usually Kissinger, new species under 3 mm. For reporting purposes the unit micron (abbreviation p), 1/1000 millimeter, is suggested because this will eliminate decimal frac- TYPE SERIES. Holotype. Male. North Carolina: tions. Valley of Black Mts.; June 20-30 1906; W. Beuten- The length of the metarostrum, the distance muller. (AMNH). Paratypes. 7 male, 2 female; between the mesorostrum and the eye is the short- same data (AMNH, DGK). The specimens are est distance between anterior marein of the scrobe. teneral. which is often well defined, and thi front margin of the eye. Previously the measurement was from the DESCRIPTION. Figures 1-9,13-16. Measurement front margin of the eye to the (estimated) middle of data on table 1. Male. General aspect: Piceous. the articulation of antennomere 1with the rostrum. Vestiture white, fine, sparse, uniform on dorsal It is difficult to get a true measurement of the surface; slightly coarser on sides of prothorax, length of a tibial mucro on a male, even though the denser and coarser under eyes and on anterior face leg is mounted in glycerine and viewed with a of front coxa. Rostrum: Basal 213 with surface compound microscope; it is hard to determine alutaecous, with fine, indistinct punctures bearing where the mucro actually begins. scales 40-50p long and about 8-lop wide; apical 113 The following measurements are suggested to with surface polished, nearly glabrous, with sparse, permit a comparison of the "shape" of the rostrum minute punctures; in profile slightly curved, proros- among species of Apion. From the side the width of trum sides tapering irregularly to tip; in dorsal view the rostrum is measured at two locations: immedi- prorostrum sides tapering to near tip, apical region ately in front of the eye and at the anterior margin slightly expanded; dorsal margin of scrobe nearly of the scrobe; the measurements are taken at right evenly descending toward base of rostrum, on angles to the longitudinal axis of the rostrum and mesorostrum slightly oblique. Prothorax: Basal are estimated. From above the width of the rostrum margin moderately expanded laterally, sides ap- is measured at three locations: at the anterior proximately parallel in basal half (rarely slightly margin of the eye, above the anterior margin of the wider at middle than base); on dorsal surface punc- scrobe (this must be estimated), and at the tip. The tures 30-50u in diameter, moderately deep, bearing shape of femur 1 is indicated by length and width fine scales 30-50p long; interspaces between punc- measurements. tures 20-50p wide, finely alutaceous: on flanks The smallest unit of measurement at the high- scales slightly longer (50-70u) and slightly coarser est magnification of my Wild M5 stereoscope (100X) than scales on dorsal surface. Elytra: intervals is 9p so that values between multiples of 9p repre- about twice as wide as striae, with one row of sent an estimation; this becomes important in punctures bearing scales similar to those on dorsal attempting to measure the width of scales of the surface of prothorax, slightly convex, surface aluta- vestiture. Measurements are made with an eyepiece ceous; striae moderately coarse and deep, with reticule calibrated with a stage micrometer. scales slightly coarser than those on intervals; The Apion subgenus Tn'chapion Wagner con- intervals 7 and 9 each with 1 long senso.ry seta, tains about 115 species in North and Central interval 3 with several short sensory setae in apical America. Many new species have been discovered 112. Metepisternum: Posterior 112 with 1 row of and will be subsequently described. The species are punctures bearing scales. Male characters: Tibiae difficult because they are so numerous, the individ- 2 and 3 mucronate, mucro curved outward, with uals are minute, the definition of species is based ventral apical margin broadly rounded to fine, acute largely on male characters (some males do not have apex, mucro 2 37p long, mucro 3 43p long. Median associated females and the species are hard to lobe of aedeagus in profile distinctly produced on determine from females), and the diagnostic charac- upper margin at apex; in dorsal view sides converg- ters are difficult to see and difficult to quantify. I ing from orifice to moderately fine, rounded apex, will later propose a procedure for dealing with this apex about 113 as wide as median lobe near base; endophallus with 4 rows of 15-21 small tooth-like Vol.
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