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A Reflection on Austrian History Through Elisabeth Das Musical by Carolyn Nicole Richardson

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A Reflection on Austrian History Through Elisabeth Das Musical by Carolyn Nicole Richardson “If I Were Your Mirror” A Reflection on Austrian History Through Elisabeth das Musical by Carolyn Nicole Richardson A THESIS submitted to Oregon State University Honors College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Honors Baccalaureate of Arts in German (Honors Scholar) Honors Baccalaureate of Science in Mechanical Engineering (Honors Scholar) Presented May 25, 2021 Commencement June 2022 AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Carolyn Nicole Richardson for the degree of Honors Baccalaureate of Arts in German and Honors Baccalaureate of Science in Mechanical Engineering presented on May 25, 2021. Title: “If I Were Your Mirror” – A Reflection on Austrian History Through Elisabeth das Musical. Abstract approved:_____________________________________________________ Benita Blessing This project examines the portrayal of the life and times of Kaiserin Elisabeth von Österreich (Empress Elisabeth of Austria) in the popular Austrian musical Elisabeth das Musical (Elisabeth the Musical), written by Michael Kunze and Sylvester Levay. Elisabeth was first performed in Vienna in 1992 and has since become the most successful German-language musical of all time. The musical is used as a case study to investigate contemporary Austria’s relationship with – and denial of – its own history by examining the musical’s portrayal of historical figures and events. Elisabeth is further analyzed for its depiction of the titular character in her roles as a wife, mother, and Empress. The effects these roles have on her mental health is also explored. Despite Elisabeth’s popularity, the musical’s social commentary has seldom been examined in an academic context. This project seeks to address these lacunae in Austrian History and Women and Gender Studies through the translation and analysis of critical lyrics from the musical. Key Words: Austria, History, German-Language, Translation, Musical Theater, World War II, Sisi, Mental Health Corresponding e-mail address: [email protected] ©Copyright by Carolyn Nicole Richardson May 25, 2021 “If I Were Your Mirror” – A Reflection on Austrian History Through Elisabeth das Musical by Carolyn Nicole Richardson A THESIS submitted to Oregon State University Honors College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Honors Baccalaureate of Arts in German (Honors Scholar) Honors Baccalaureate of Science in Mechanical Engineering (Honors Scholar) Presented May 25, 2021 Commencement June 2022 Honors Baccalaureate of: Arts in German and Honors Baccalaureate of: Science in Mechanical Engineering project of Carolyn Nicole Richardson presented on May 25, 2021. APPROVED: _____________________________________________________________________ Benita Blessing, Mentor, representing World Languages and Cultures _____________________________________________________________________ Bradley Boovy, Committee Member, representing World Languages and Cultures _____________________________________________________________________ Elizabeth Helman, Committee Member, representing Theatre _____________________________________________________________________ Toni Doolen, Dean, Oregon State University Honors College I understand that my project will become part of the permanent collection of Oregon State University, Honors College. My signature below authorizes release of my project to any reader upon request. _____________________________________________________________________ Carolyn Nicole Richardson, Author Table of Contents INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................... 8 TRANSLATIONAL METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................................... 10 INTRODUCTION TO ELISABETH DAS MUSICAL .................................................................................. 12 SIGNIFICANCE OF ANALYZING ELISABETH DAS MUSICAL ............................................................... 14 AUSTRIAN HISTORY AND NATIONAL IDENTITY IN ELISABETH ...................................................... 16 AUSTRIAN HISTORICAL CONTEXT............................................................................................................................ 16 AUSTRIAN HISTORY AND NATIONAL IDENTITY IN ELISABETH ................................................................................. 20 SISI IN ELISABETH .................................................................................................................................... 27 SISI AS A HISTORICAL FIGURE ................................................................................................................................ 27 PORTRAYAL OF SISI IN ELISABETH ............................................................................................................................ 32 Sisi as a Wife, Mother, and Empress .................................................................................................................. 33 Mental Health in Elisabeth ................................................................................................................................. 50 Sisi’s Legacy in Elisabeth ................................................................................................................................... 63 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................................. 66 BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................................................................... 71 APPENDIX................................................................................................................................................... 74 BOOTE IN DER NACHT / SHIPS IN THE NIGHT...................................................................................................................... 74 EINE KAISERIN MUSS GLÄNZEN / AN EMPRESS MUST SHINE ................................................................................................. 75 DER LETZTE TANZ / THE LAST DANCE ............................................................................................................................... 80 ICH GEHÖR’ NUR MIR / I BELONG ONLY TO ME .................................................................................................................. 81 HASS / HATE ............................................................................................................................................................... 82 KITSCH / KITSCH ........................................................................................................................................................... 85 NICHTS IST SCHWER / NOTHING IS DIFFICULT ..................................................................................................................... 87 NICHTS, NICHTS, GAR NICHTS / NOTHING, NOTHING, ABSOLUTELY NOTHING .......................................................................... 88 SO WIE MAN PLANT UND DENKT / AS ONE PLANS AND THINKS / BEST LAID PLANS ................................................................... 89 WENN ICH DEIN SPIEGEL WÄR / IF I WERE YOUR MIRROR ................................................................................................... 93 WIE DU / LIKE YOU ....................................................................................................................................................... 94 WIE DU REPRISE / LIKE YOU REPRISE ............................................................................................................................... 97 Introduction Kaiserin Elisabeth von Österreich (Empress Elisabeth of Austria) lived a fairytale life. The young Duchess Elisabeth of Bavaria was born Elisabeth Amalie Eugenie von Wittelsbach in 1837. Sisi, as her friends affectionately called her, was raised in the country and enjoyed horseback riding and poetry. As the fourth-born child and a daughter besides, Sisi's indulgent father allowed her many freedoms not afforded to her older sister, Helene, who was expected to marry the Emperor Franz Joseph. However, in a chance meeting, Sisi caught the Emperor’s eye instead. Franz had never been keen on his arranged marriage, or marriage at all for that matter. But when Franz met Sisi at a party, he was immediately taken by her. The young Emperor was captivated by Sisi’s free spirit and beauty, and Sisi found Franz similarly charming. The two fell instantly in love. Despite his mother’s strong objections to the match, Franz and Sisi married later that year, turning Sisi into a real-life fairytale princess. Or at least this is how the story of Sisi is usually portrayed. The reality, however, was much less enchanting. Sisi had strained relationships with her husband and children. She had a lifelong battle with depression and eating disorders. Nonetheless, depictions of Sisi have traditionally minimized the immense difficulties and sorrows of her life. In 1992, Elisabeth das Musical (Elisabeth the Musical) broke free of the popular mold of Sisi stories. Elisabeth portrays the titular character’s life story in a more critical light, embedding the story in a socio-historical context usually absent from popular depictions of Sisi. The German-language musical Elisabeth, produced in Austria, was written by Michael Kunze and scored by Sylvester Levay. Since its premier in Vienna, Elisabeth has sold nearly
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