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The Path to Revolutionary Violence Within the Weather Underground and Provisional IRA
The Path to Revolutionary Violence within the Weather Underground and Provisional IRA Edward Moran HIS 492: Seminar in History December 17, 2019 Moran 1 The 1960’s was a decade defined by a spirit of activism and advocacy for change among oppressed populations worldwide. While the methods for enacting change varied across nations and peoples, early movements such as that for civil rights in America were often committed to peaceful modes of protest and passive resistance. However, the closing years of the decade and the dawn of the 1970’s saw the patterned global spread of increasingly militant tactics used in situations of political and social unrest. The Weather Underground Organization (WUO) in America and the Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) in Ireland, two such paramilitaries, comprised young activists previously involved in the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) and the Northern Irish Civil Rights Association (NICRA) respectively. What caused them to renounce the non-violent methods of the Students for a Democratic Society and the Northern Irish Civil Rights Association for the militant tactics of the Weather Underground and Irish Republican Army, respectively? An analysis of contemporary source materials, along with more recent scholarly works, reveals that violent state reactions to more passive forms of demonstration in the United States and Northern Ireland drove peaceful activists toward militancy. In the case of both the Weather Underground and the Provisional Irish Republican Army in the closing years of the 1960s and early years of the 1970s, the bulk of combatants were young people with previous experience in more peaceful campaigns for civil rights and social justice. -
Four Turning Points in Columbia's History
COLUMBIA columbia university DIGITAL KNOWLEDGE VENTURES OUR PAST ENGAGED: FOUR TURNING POINTS IN COLUMBIA’S HISTORY April 27, 2004 ROBERT McCAUGHEY COLUMBIA '68: A CHAPTER IN THE HISTORY OF STUDENT POWER Welcome and Introduction Eric Foner: Hello everybody. And welcome to the fourth of the four panels' lectures, "Our Past Engaged: Four Turning Points in Columbia's Recent History." I notice that we have a group of guests here. I'm not sure what they are planning or hoping to do, but as long as they are peaceful and quiet and do not disrupt the proceedings, if they want to sit there it's fine with me. On the other hand, I hope and expect that the discussion will go on in the way that we expect here at the University, in a reasoned and academic manner. I was also asked to announce that the previous lectures in this series, as well as much supporting material about the 250th anniversary of Columbia University, is available on the Columbia 250 Web site, which can be accessed through the Columbia Web site—the home page—which you all probably know about. So I'm Eric Foner from the history department, and I've been asked to be the moderator. I'm very happy to be here tonight. And the first thing that I want to do is to identify Professor Robert McCaughey, who is the speaker tonight, but also to indicate that he has really been the one who has organized these sessions. He's written a most remarkable, wonderful book on the history of Columbia, Stand Columbia, and he has been the person who introduced the previous three speakers. -
2008 OAH Annual Meeting • New York 1
Welcome ear colleagues in history, welcome to the one-hundred-fi rst annual meeting of the Organiza- tion of American Historians in New York. Last year we met in our founding site of Minneap- Dolis-St. Paul, before that in the national capital of Washington, DC. On the present occasion wew meet in the world’s media capital, but in a very special way: this is a bridge-and-tunnel aff air, not limitedli to just the island of Manhattan. Bridges and tunnels connect the island to the larger metropolitan region. For a long time, the peoplep in Manhattan looked down on people from New Jersey and the “outer boroughs”— Brooklyn, theth Bronx, Queens, and Staten Island—who came to the island via those bridges and tunnels. Bridge- and-tunnela people were supposed to lack the sophistication and style of Manhattan people. Bridge- and-tunnela people also did the work: hard work, essential work, beautifully creative work. You will sees this work in sessions and tours extending beyond midtown Manhattan. Be sure not to miss, for example,e “From Mambo to Hip-Hop: Th e South Bronx Latin Music Tour” and the bus tour to my own Photo by Steve Miller Steve by Photo cityc of Newark, New Jersey. Not that this meeting is bridge-and-tunnel only. Th anks to the excellent, hard working program committee, chaired by Debo- rah Gray White, and the local arrangements committee, chaired by Mark Naison and Irma Watkins-Owens, you can chose from an abundance of off erings in and on historic Manhattan: in Harlem, the Cooper Union, Chinatown, the Center for Jewish History, the Brooklyn Historical Society, the New-York Historical Society, the American Folk Art Museum, and many other sites of great interest. -
Download Alan Berkman Papers Pdf Finding
Archives & Special Collections, Columbia University Health Sciences Library Alan Berkman Papers BERKMAN, ALAN Pape rs, circa 1960-2010 (bulk 1985-2000) 4 cubic feet (9 manuscript boxes, 1 re cord carton) #M-0019 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE: Alan Berkman, physician, member of the Black Liberation Army and “Resistance Conspiracy Six,” convicted criminal, fugitive, prisoner and AIDS activist, was born September 4, 1945 in Brooklyn, the second of four children to father Samuel Berkman, and mother Mona. His family moved to Middletown, New York, where his father owned a plumbing and building supply company. He attended Cornell University (BA 1967) and the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University (MD 1971). He married physician Barbara Zeller and had two daughters, Sarah Machel (b. 1976) and Harriet Josina Clark (b. 1980). Berkman became radicalized as a medical student at Columbia University. One year after he enrolled in the College of Physicians & Surgeons, the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) famously occupied Columbia’s Morningside Heights campus in protest of the University’s research ties to the Vietnam War and its relations with Harlem residents. Berkman claimed that his experience working with minority populations in poor communities awakened him to the class and racial divides he had been protected from as a white person growing up in Middletown, N.Y. He was also personally affected by hearing Kwame Toure (then Stokely Carmichael) speak about the Vietnam War. His commitment to fighting oppression is shown throughout his life’s work. In 1971, he treated prisoners injured during the Attica Prison riot in New York. In New York City, he interned at the North East Neighborhood Association (NENA) Community Health Center and the Betances Health Center, and was staff physician at Lincoln Hospital in the Bronx. -
Bombing for Justice: Urban Terrorism in New York City from the 1960S Through the 1980S
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Publications and Research John Jay College of Criminal Justice 2014 Bombing for Justice: Urban Terrorism in New York City from the 1960s through the 1980s Jeffrey A. Kroessler John Jay College of Criminal Justice How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/jj_pubs/38 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] Bombing for Justice: Urban Terrorism in New York City from the 1960s through to the 1980s Jeffrey A. Kroessler John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York ew York is no stranger to explosives. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the Black Hand, forerunners of the Mafia, planted bombs at stores and residences belonging to successful NItalians as a tactic in extortion schemes. To combat this evil, the New York Police Department (NYPD) founded the Italian Squad under Lieutenant Joseph Petrosino, who enthusiastically pursued those gangsters. Petrosino was assassinated in Palermo, Sicily, while investigating the criminal back- ground of mobsters active in New York. The Italian Squad was the gen- esis of today’s Bomb Squad. In the early decades of the twentieth century, anarchists and labor radicals planted bombs, the most devastating the 63 64 Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement noontime explosion on Wall Street in 1920. That crime was never solved.1 The city has also had its share of lunatics. -
U.S. Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation Washington, D.C. 20535 August 24, 2020 MR. JOHN GREENEWALD JR. SUITE
U.S. Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation Washington, D.C. 20535 August 24, 2020 MR. JOHN GREENEWALD JR. SUITE 1203 27305 WEST LIVE OAK ROAD CASTAIC, CA 91384-4520 FOIPA Request No.: 1374338-000 Subject: List of FBI Pre-Processed Files/Database Dear Mr. Greenewald: This is in response to your Freedom of Information/Privacy Acts (FOIPA) request. The FBI has completed its search for records responsive to your request. Please see the paragraphs below for relevant information specific to your request as well as the enclosed FBI FOIPA Addendum for standard responses applicable to all requests. Material consisting of 192 pages has been reviewed pursuant to Title 5, U.S. Code § 552/552a, and this material is being released to you in its entirety with no excisions of information. Please refer to the enclosed FBI FOIPA Addendum for additional standard responses applicable to your request. “Part 1” of the Addendum includes standard responses that apply to all requests. “Part 2” includes additional standard responses that apply to all requests for records about yourself or any third party individuals. “Part 3” includes general information about FBI records that you may find useful. Also enclosed is our Explanation of Exemptions. For questions regarding our determinations, visit the www.fbi.gov/foia website under “Contact Us.” The FOIPA Request number listed above has been assigned to your request. Please use this number in all correspondence concerning your request. If you are not satisfied with the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s determination in response to this request, you may administratively appeal by writing to the Director, Office of Information Policy (OIP), United States Department of Justice, 441 G Street, NW, 6th Floor, Washington, D.C. -
FBI Investigations Into the Civil Rights Movement and the New Left
Columbus State University CSU ePress Theses and Dissertations Student Publications 12-2019 FBI Investigations into the Civil Rights Movement and the New Left Meredith Donovan Follow this and additional works at: https://csuepress.columbusstate.edu/theses_dissertations Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Donovan, Meredith, "FBI Investigations into the Civil Rights Movement and the New Left" (2019). Theses and Dissertations. 330. https://csuepress.columbusstate.edu/theses_dissertations/330 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Publications at CSU ePress. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of CSU ePress. COLUMBUS STATE UNIVERSITY FBI INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT AND THE NEW LEFT A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE HONORS COLLEGE IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR HONORS IN THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARTS DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY COLLEGE OF LETTERS AND SCIENCES BY MEREDITH DONOVAN COLUMBUS, GEORGIA 2019 1 Copyright © 2019 Meredith Donovan All Rights Reserved. 2 FBI INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT AND THE NEW LEFT By Meredith Donovan Committee Chair: Dr. Gary Sprayberry Committee Members: Dr. Sarah Bowman Dr. Ryan Lynch Columbus State University December 2019 3 Abstract This paper examines how the FBI investigated civil rights organizations and social movements from the 1950s through the 1970s. It compares the reasons for the investigations, the investigative methods, and the extent of the investigations. The paper uses FBI files as the basis for the information and to form the argument that the FBI chose its targets based on who posed a significant threat to the status quo. -
The Weather Underground
The Weather Underground a film by Sam Green and Bill Siegel 92 minutes/color 2003 Sundance Film Festival, Documentary Competition 2003 South by Southwest Film Festival 2003 Philadelphia Film Festival 2003 San Francisco Film Festival — Golden Gate Award, Best Documentary Feature PRELIMINARY NOTES DISTRIBUTOR CONTACT: Ken Eisen Shadow Distribution P.O. Box 1246 Waterville, ME 04903 Tel. 207-872-5111 Fax: 207-872-5502 [email protected] SYNOPSIS Hello, I’m going to read a declaration of a state of war... within the next 14 days we will attack a symbol or institution of American injustice. Bernardine Dohrn Thirty years ago, with those words, a group of young American radicals announced their intention to overthrow the U.S. government. In THE WEATHER UNDERGROUND, former Underground members, including Bernardine Dohrn, Bill Ayers, Mark Rudd, David Gilbert and Brian Flanagan, speak publicly about the idealistic passion that drove them to bring the war home and the trajectory that placed them on the FBI s most wanted list. Fueled by outrage over racism and the Vietnam War, the Weather Underground waged a low-level war against the U.S. government through much of the 70s-bombing targets across the country that they considered emblematic of the real violence that the U.S. was wreaking throughout the world. Ultimately, the group s carefully organized clandestine network managed to successfully evade one of the largest manhunts in FBI history, yet the group s members would reemerge to life in a country that was dramatically different than the one they had hoped their efforts would inspire. -
Why Were There So Many Jews in SDS? Or, the Ordeal of Civility
Fast Capitalism ISSN 1930-014X Volume 1 • Issue 2 • 2005 doi:10.32855/fcapital.200502.008 Why Were There So Many Jews in SDS? Or, The Ordeal of Civility Mark Rudd I’ve been thinking about this subject for a long time, almost forty years. I first spoke publicly about the question in 1988 at the twentieth anniversary celebration of the Columbia strike. In a rambling 45 minute monologue I touched on a lot of subjects, but the only one people seemed to respond to was my recognition of our Jewish backgrounds as relevant to our opposition to the war and racism. That was during a mini-revival of Judaism and Jewish culture which took place among the not so new New Leftists in the 80’s. With the death of the socialist dream we were all searching for direction at the time. Unfortunately, I haven’t pursued the subject until now, but I do believe that the revolt of Jewish youth in the New Left of the sixties and seventies deserves to be studied and honored as an important chapter in the history of American Jews. [1] Before beginning to write, I checked out the subject on the internet. Googling the words “Jews and SDS,” the number two site that popped up was a page from “Jew Watch,” which monitors the ZOG, that is the Zionist Occupation Government of the United States. The piece was called, “How the Jews Controlled the New Left of the 1960’s.” Reading down, I found some decent scholarly references concerning the numerical preponderance of Jewish leaders and rank-and-file members of the New Left and SDS, at least until the late 1960’s. -
The Militant
Photo by Finer Part of throng that protested war at New York rally Nat'l Protest Hits Viet War; THE 2 0 ,0 0 0at Rallyin New York NEW YORK — The November broad coalition of some 80 antiwar The rally was co-chaired by MILITANT 5-8 Mobilization for Peace in Viet and community groups. A. J. Muste, chairman of the na Published in the Interest of the Working People nam was kicked off here with a The rally served to kick off the tional November 8 Mobilization, and Al Evanoff, an official of Dis huge rally Nov. 5, held just off weekend’s activities. These in Vol. 31 - No. 41 Monday, November 14, 1966 Price 10£ cluded mass leafleting at churches trict 65, AFL-CIO, and a member Times Square. Some 20,000 people and in communities on Sunday, of the administrative committee crowded onto Sixth Avenue from leafleting of GIs at various places of the Parade Committee. 40th to 42nd Sts., while others where they can be reached in the Speakers at the rally spoke out stood on 41st St. going toward city on Sunday night, mass leaf against the war in a militant way Broadway. leting throughout the city on Mon and almost all of them urged with Good Vote Is Indicated Many people came to the rally day and leafleting at the polls on drawal of U.S. forces from Viet as participants in feeder marches Tuesday. nam. organized by antiwar and com Tables were set up at various The speakers included: Ruth munity groups in various parts of Turner, a national officer of CORE; Ivanhoe Donaldson, New For Ala. -
The Weather Underground: a Study in Mobilization
W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1981 The Weather Underground: A study in mobilization Paul Michael Pigulski College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Organizational Behavior and Theory Commons, Political Science Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Pigulski, Paul Michael, "The Weather Underground: A study in mobilization" (1981). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539625157. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-svfy-tz10 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE WEATHER UNDERGROUND: U A STUDY IN MOBILIZATION A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of Sociology The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Paul Pigulski 1981 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Author^ Approved, August 1981 Edwin H. Rhvnj£U This thesis is dedicated to the Vietnamese people, and to Hoa Trung Tran and Ngoc-Hao Phung Tran. I trust, their lives will never be subject to the sufferings their countrymen endured. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS _ . iii ABSTRACT ............................................ v INTRODUCTION ............................................ 1 CHAPTER ONE - REVIEW OF L I T E R A T U R E ................ -
The Weather Underground Report Committee on The
94TH CoNobasg let eeio#8 00MMITTEN PRINT THE WEATHER UNDERGROUND REPORT OF TH7 SUBCOMMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE INTERNAL SECURITY ACT AND OTHER INTERNAL SECURITY LAWS OF THn COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY UNITED STATES SENATE NINETY-FOURTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION JANUARY 1975 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OF110 39-242 WASHINGTON : 1975 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents U.8. Government Prnting Office, Waohington, D.C. 2040a Pice $1.60 jJ54QC~ -.3 COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY JAMES 0. EASTLAND, MIsisppi, Chbaimon JOHIN L. McCLELLAN, Arkansas ROMAN L. 71 It USKA, Nebraska PHILIP A. HART, Michigan III RAM L. FONO0, Hawali EDWARD M. KENNEDY, Mamaohusmtts H1UOH SCOTT, Pennsylvania BIRCH BAYH, Indiana STROM TiUItMON D, South Carolina QUENTIN N. BURDICK, Nmth Dakota CIJA RLES McC. MATHIAS, JR., Maryland ROBERT C. BYRD, West Virginia WILLIAM L. 8('OTT, Virginia JOHN V. TUNNEY, California JAMES ABOUREZK, South Dakota SUnCOMMiTTIv To INVKSTIOATH TIe ADMINISTrATION o0 THE, INTERNAL SECURITY ACT AND OTHER INTERNAL SECURITY LAWS JAMES 0. EASTLAN ), MAisissdppi, Chairman JOHN L. McCLELLAN, Arkanras STROM TIHURMOND, South Carolina BIRCH BAYJI. Indiana J. 0. SOURWINH, Chief Cownsel ALYONUO L. TARADOCHIIA, Chief InIVtesgalor MARY DOOLEY, Adcng Director of Research RESOLUTION Resolved, by the Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Committee on the Judiciary, that the attached report entitled "The Weather Underground," shall be printed for the use of the Com- mnittee on the Judiciary. JAMES 0. EASTLAND, Chairman. Approved: January 30, 1975. (n) CONTENTS Pan Foreword ......................................................... v The Weatherman Organization 1 Overview ......................................................... 1 Weatherman Political Theory-----------------------------. 9 Weatherman Chronology ........................................... 13 National War Council .....---------------------------- 20 The Faces of Weatherman Underground ............................