Aves Acuáticas Parque Nacional Lauca
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
(Acari: Mesostigmata) Raphael De Campos Castilho
Universidade de São Paulo Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” Taxonomy of Rhodacaroidea mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) Raphael de Campos Castilho Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in Science. Area of concentration: Entomology Piracicaba 2012 2 Raphael de Campos Castilho Engenheiro Agrônomo Taxonomy of Rhodacaroidea mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) Adviser: Prof. Dr. GILBERTO JOSÉ DE MORAES Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in Science. Area of concentration: Entomology Piracicaba 2012 Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação DIVISÃO DE BIBLIOTECA - ESALQ/USP Castilho, Raphael de Campos Taxonomy of Rhodacaroidea mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) / Raphael de Campos Castilho. - - Piracicaba, 2012. 579 p. : il. Tese (Doutorado) - - Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, 2012. 1. Ácaros predadores 2. Classificação 3. Ácaros de solo 4. Controle biológico I. Título CDD 595.42 C352t “Permitida a cópia total ou parcial deste documento, desde que citada a fonte – O autor” 3 To GOD Source of perseverance and life, To my mother Sonia Regina de Campos For her love, tenderness and comprehension. To my partner Karina Cezarete Semençato for her love, patience and unfailing support to me Offer To Prof. Dr. Gilberto José de Moraes For his valuable guidance, friendship and recognition of my work Special thanks 4 5 Ackanowledgements To Escola Superior de Agricultura ―Luiz de Queiroz‖ (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), and especially to ―Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia‖ for providing all intellectual and material support necessary for the proper development of this work; I am especially grateful to Carlos H. W. -
Environmental Citizen Participation As a Tool to Local Governance in Andean Territory of the Arica and Parinacota Region, Chile
Environmental Citizen Participation as a Tool to Local Governance in Andean Territory Of The Arica And Parinacota Region, Chile. The Case of “The Pumas Manganese Mining Proyect”. 1. An Introduction to the Environmental Impact Assessment System (SEIA) in Chile In the last few years the Environmental Institution has been changing in Chile. During 2010, Act 20417 is published, modifying the Law on General Bases of the environment Nª 19.300, creating the Ministry of the Environment, the Environment Superintendence and the Environmental Assessment Service (SEA in Spanish). The Environmental Impact Assessment System (SEIA in Spanish) is the main tool established in the Environmental Legislation to predict and prevent impact of activities and projects that could have an important impact on the environment. This tool allows introduction of the environmental dimension in the design and implementation of projects and activities carried out in the country; through it, we can assess and certify that the initiatives, of both public and private sectors, are able to comply with the pertinent environmental requirements. Depending on the magnitude of the Impacts derived from the activities there are two modalities: the Environmental Impact Study (EIA, in case any of the purposes, characteristics or circumstances described in Article 11 of the Law on General Bases of the Environment comes up) or as an Environmental Assessment Statement. The experience of the participation process in the “Los Pumas Manganese” project will permit knowing how the first stages of project assessment in the region have developed, allowing identification of the community’s attitude towards the idea of the installation of the project and how social coalitions faced with the conflict have been formed, permitting in this way anticipating advances and limitations in favour of reaching processes of environmental governance in the region. -
THE ATACAMA DISPUTE: the Legal Proceedings Between Chile and Bolivia Regarding the Resources Present in the Area
Department of Political Science Chair of International Law THE ATACAMA DISPUTE: The legal proceedings between Chile and Bolivia regarding the resources present in the area Eleonora Colitti Prof. Roberto Virzo Matr. 082202 SUPERVISOR CANDIDATE Academic Year 2018/2019 1 Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………. 4 1. Historical Context………………………………………………………………………........ 8 1.1 Spanish Colonization ……………………………………………………………........ 8 1.2 The first Aggression ………………………………………………………………….10 1.3 The Boundary Treaty between Chile and Bolivia ………………………………….12 1.4 The Treaty of 1874 ………………………………………………………………...…13 1.5 The Secret Treaty …………………………………………………………………….14 1.6 The War of the Pacific………………………………………………………………..15 1.7 The Conference of Arica …………………………………………………………… 16 1.8 Argentina’s diplomatic efforts against Chile ……………………………………… 17 1.9 The Peace Treaty ……………………………………………………………………. 18 1.10 Tacna and Arica ……………………………………………………………………. 19 1.11 The start of Diplomatic Negotiations …………………………………………….... 22 2. Obligation to Negotiate Sovereign Access to the Pacific Ocean (Bolivia v. Chile) ………25 2.1 Overview of the Case ……………………………………………………………….. 25 2.2 The Bolivian Position ……………………………………………………………….. 26 2.2.1 Chapter I of the Bolivian Memorial: Historical Background ……………...… 26 2.2.2 Chapter II of the Bolivian Memorial: The Chilean Obligation ……………… 31 2.2.3 Chapter III of the Bolivian Memorial : Chile’s Breach of Its Obligations …... 33 2.3 Economic reasons of Bolivia ……………………………………………………….. 34 2.4 Rights of Access of Landlocked States to and from the Sea and Freedom of Transit ……………………………………………………………………………. 35 2.5 The Chilean Position ……………………………………………………………….. 36 2.5.1 The Chilean Preliminary Objection to the Bolivian Memorial ………………... 36 2.5.2 The Bolivian written Statement About the Objection ………………………..... 37 2.5.3 The Chilean Counter-Memorial ……………………………………………... 39 2.6 The Judgement of October 1st, 2018 ………………………………………………. -
Chile Trip Report April 2015
BIRDING CHILE APRIL 11 – 29, 2015 A BIRDING AND LOGISTICS REPORT We visited Chile at a rather unconventional time, as most birding groups visit the country in the austral spring/summer. This report was mostly written at the time of the trip, but due to an additional 4 months of traveling through the tropics it never was finished. Although this report doesn’t include the depth and breadth of information I originally planned it to have, I decided to publish it anyway. There is very little information available for birding trips to Chile in April, so hopefully this will be helpful to others that decide to travel to the country during the austral fall. For blog posts on the trip (and a lot more pictures) visit the Chile section of Budgetbirders.com TRIP ITINERARY April 11 – Arrived Santiago 0300, SUMMARY departed for Punta Arenas 0800 WHEN and arrived 1630 Most birding groups visit Chile during the austral spring or April 12 – Laguna Los Palos, summer (Nov-Mar) when resident birds are breeding and Route 9, Puerto Natales, Torres migrants are present. Due to schedule constraints we visited Del Paine Chile in the austral fall. Despite not being the prime time of April 13 – Torres Del Paine (Lago year, overall we had a very successful trip. Most of the typical Gray Trail), Sierra Bagueles Chilean target species were still present but we missed April 14 – Route 405, Port several austral migrants, most notably 3 species from Delgada Ferry, Porvenir tyrannidae, White-sided Hillstar, Austral Rail, and Creamy- rumped Miner. April 15 – Laguana Verde, Parque Penguinos Rey TOTAL # OF SPECIES: April 16 – Porvenir, seawatch, Birding highlights included seeing a total of 241 species of ferry to Puenta Arenas which 10 were Chilean endemics. -
Thin-Skinned Tectonics in the Cordillera Oriental
INTRACONTINENTAL SEISMICITY AND NEOGENE DEFORMATION OF THE ANDEAN FOREARC IN THE REGION OF ARICA (18.5ºS-19.5ºS) Claire DAVID (1), Joseph MARTINOD (1, 2), Diana COMTE (1), Gérard HÉRAIL (2), Henri HAESSLER (3), (1) Universidad de Chile, Casilla 2777, Santiago, Chile ([email protected], [email protected]) (2) IRD, LMTG, 38 rue des 36 Ponts, 31400 Toulouse, France ([email protected], [email protected]). (3) IPGS, 5 rue Rene Descartes, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex France, ([email protected] ) KEY WORDS : Forearc, Shortening, Tilting, Intraplate Seismicity, Altiplano. INTRODUCTION The superficial crustal seismic activity in Chile is remarkably moderate. Almost all the Chilean earthquakes are located on the subduction plane, and most of the intracontinental seismicity that results from the growth of the Cordillera occurs on the Eastern side of the Andes, in Bolivia and Argentina. Geological data, indeed, in agreement with the seismological measurements, show that the Chilean forearc suffered very moderate deformations in the Neogene [e.g. Lamb et al., 1997; García et al., 1997], in spite most of the surrection of the Altiplano probably occurred at that time [e.g. Gregory-Wodzicki, 2000]. The only region in Chile where significant crustal seismicity has been reported in the forearc is the northernmost part of the country, near Arica, where a permanent seismic network evidences an intracontinental forearc seismicity that vanishes south of 19.7°S. In this work, we describe the main characteristics of this seismicity, the associated -
Obligation to Negotiate Access to the Pacific Ocean Obligation De Négocier Un Accès À L'océan Pacifique
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE REPORTS OF JUDGMENTS, ADVISORY OPINIONS AND ORDERS OBLIGATION TO NEGOTIATE ACCESS TO THE PACIFIC OCEAN (BOLIVIA v. CHILE) JUDGMENT OF 1 OCTOBER 2018 2018 COUR INTERNATIONALE DE JUSTICE RECUEIL DES ARRÊTS, AVIS CONSULTATIFS ET ORDONNANCES OBLIGATION DE NÉGOCIER UN ACCÈS À L’OCÉAN PACIFIQUE (BOLIVIE c. CHILI) ARRÊT DU 1er OCTOBRE 2018 5 CIJ1150.indb 1 22/05/19 10:55 Official citation : Obligation to Negotiate Access to the Pacific Ocean (Bolivia v. Chile), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2018, p. 507 Mode officiel de citation : Obligation de négocier un accès à l’océan Pacifique (Bolivie c. Chili), arrêt, C.I.J. Recueil 2018, p. 507 Sales number ISSN 0074-4441 No de vente : 1150 ISBN 978-92-1-157349-7 5 CIJ1150.indb 2 22/05/19 10:55 1 OCTOBER 2018 JUDGMENT OBLIGATION TO NEGOTIATE ACCESS TO THE PACIFIC OCEAN (BOLIVIA v. CHILE) OBLIGATION DE NÉGOCIER UN ACCÈS À L’OCÉAN PACIFIQUE (BOLIVIE c. CHILI) 1er OCTOBRE 2018 ARRET 5 CIJ1150.indb 3 22/05/19 10:55 507 TABLE OF CONTENTS Paragraphs Chronology of the Procedure 1-15 I. Historical and Factual Background 16-83 1. Events and treaties prior to 1904, including the 1895 Transfer Treaty 19-24 2. The 1904 Peace Treaty 25 3. Exchanges and statements in the 1920s 26-46 A. The 1920 “Acta Protocolizada” 26-31 B. Follow-up exchanges (1920-1925) 32-41 C. The 1926 Kellogg Proposal and the 1926 Matte Memo- randum 42-46 4. Bolivia’s reaction to the 1929 Treaty of Lima and its Supple- mentary Protocol 47-49 5. -
ENSO and Solar Activity Signals from Oxygen Isotopes in Diatom Silica During Late
ENSO and solar activity signals from oxygen isotopes in diatom silica during Late Glacial-Holocene transition in Central Andes (18ºS) Armand Hernández1*, Santiago Giralt1, Roberto Bao2, Alberto Sáez3, Melanie J. Leng4,5, Philip A. Barker6 1Institute of Earth Sciences Jaume Almera-CSIC, C/Lluís Solé i Sabarís s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain 2Faculty of Sciences, University of A Coruña, Campus da Zapateira s/n, 15701 A Coruña, Spain 3Faculty of Geology, University of Barcelona, C/ Martí Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain 4NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory, British Geological Survey, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK 5School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK 6 Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK *Correspondence to: Armand Hernández; Institute of Earth Sciences 'Jaume Almera' (CSIC). C/Lluis Solé i Sabarís s/n. E-08028 Barcelona (Spain). Phone: +34.934.095.410 Fax: +34.934.110.012 E-mail: [email protected] 1 Abstract The Late Glacial-Holocene transition from the Lago Chungará sedimentary record in northern Chilean Altiplano (18ºS) is made up of laminated sediments composed of light and dark pluriannual couplets of diatomaceous ooze. Light sediment laminae accumulated during short- term extraordinary diatom blooms whereas dark sediment laminae represent the baseline limnological conditions during several years of deposition. Diatom oxygen isotope data 18 (δ Odiatom) analyzed in 40 succesive (lamina by lamina) dark laminae, from 11,990 to 11,450 cal years BP, suggest that there occurred a series of decadal-to-centennial dry–wet oscillations. Dry periods are marked by relatively high isotope values whereas wet episodes are indicated by lower values. -
Catalog of the Types of Curculionoidea (Insecta, Coleoptera) Deposited at the Museo Argentino De Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Buenos Aires
Rev. Mus. Argentino Cienc. Nat., n.s. 15(2): 209-280, 2013 ISSN 1514-5158 (impresa) ISSN 1853-0400 (en línea) Catalog of the types of Curculionoidea (Insecta, Coleoptera) deposited at the Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Buenos Aires Axel O. BACHMANN 1 & Analía A. LANTERI 2 1Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, División Entomología, Buenos Aires C1405DJR. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, e-mail: [email protected]. uba.ar. 2 Museo de La Plata, División Entomología, Paseo del Bosque s/n, La Plata, B1900FWA, Argentina, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: The type specimens of Curculionoidea (Apionidae, Brentidae, Anhribidae, Curculionidae, Platypodidae, and Scolytidae) from the Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales (MACN), corresponding to all current categories, are herein catalogued. A total of 344 specific and subspecific names are alphabetically recorded, for their original binomina or trinomina, and spellings. Later combinations and synonyms are mentioned, as well as the informa- tion of all the labels associated to the specimens. In order to assist future research, three further lists are added: 1. specimens deemed to be deposited at MACN but not found in the collection; 2. specimens labeled as types of species which descriptions have probably never been published (non available names); and 3. specimens of dubi- ous type status, because the information on the labels does not agree with that of the original publication. Key words: Type specimens, Curculionoidea, Coleoptera, Insecta. Resumen: Catálogo de los tipos de Curculionoidea (Insecta, Coleoptera) depositados en el Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Buenos Aires. -
Human and State Security Implications of Water Scarcity in Chile
Red Hot Hydropolitics: Human And State Security Implications Of Water Scarcity In Chile by JOSÉ PABLO ZAMBRANO RAMÍREZ Submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Arts April 2012 School of Social and Political Sciences The University of Melbourne 2 Abstract The relationship between environment and security is generally approached from either a state security framework, in so far environmental problems are a source of intra-state or inter-state violent conflict, or from a human security perspective, focusing on the impacts of these problems on people’s livelihoods. To date, that I am aware, there is no research that considers the effects of an environmental problem on these two dimensions of security simultaneously. This thesis bridges this gap by studying the security implications of water scarcity in Chile. It examines the two main drivers of water scarcity, droughts and socioeconomic development, to determine the exposure and vulnerability of Chile to this environmental problem. Based on the work of the Copenhagen School, it develops a framework that disaggregates and locates the impacts of droughts in analytical levels and security sectors. Additionally, it develops a typology of environment related problems as security issues, according to the sectors and analytical levels affected. Through the application of this framework and typology this research determines that in Chile water scarcity is a source of human insecurity, because it alters the livelihoods and the access to livelihood resources for a significant part of the population. It is also a source of strategic insecurity, as it jeopardizes the generation of energy, affecting the overall capabilities of the country, and thereby limiting the policy options of the authorities and the potential to give material responses to any given crisis. -
Lacustrine Sedimentation in Active Volcanic Settings: the Late Quaternary Depositional Evolution of Lake Chungará (Northern Chile)
Sedimentology (2007, in press) Lacustrine sedimentation in active volcanic settings: The Late Quaternary depositional evolution of Lake Chungará (Northern Chile) Sáez, A.1*, Valero-Garcés, B.L.2, Moreno, A.2, Bao, R.3, Pueyo, J.J.1, González-Sampériz, P.2, Giralt, S.4, Taberner, C.4, Herrera, C.5, and Gibert, R.O.1 1 Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, c/ Martí Franques s/n, 08028 Barcelona (Spain) 2 Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Apdo 202, 50080 Zaragoza (Spain) 3 Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira s/n, 15071 A Coruña (Spain) 4 Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra 'Jaume Almera' - CSIC, c/ Lluís Sole Sabaris s/n, 08028 Barcelona (Spain) 5 Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Casilla 1280, Antofagasta (Chile) (*) E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Lake Chungará is the largest (22.5 Km2) and deepest (40 m) lacustrine ecosystem in the Chilean Altiplano and its location in an active volcanic setting provides an opportunity to evaluate environmental (volcanic versus climatic) controls on lacustrine sedimentation. The Late Quaternary depositional history of Lake Chungará (18º15' S, 69º09 W, 4520 m a.s.l.) is reconstructed by means of a multiproxy study of 15 Kullenberg cores and seismic data. The chronological framework is supported by 10 14C AMS and 1 230Th/234U dates. Lake Chungará was formed prior to 12.8 cal. kyr BP following the partial collapse of the Parinacota volcano that impounded the Lauca river. The sedimentary architecture of the lacustrine sequence has been controlled by (1) the strong inherited palaeo-relief, and (2) changes in the accommodation, caused by lake level fluctuations and tectonic subsidence. -
Revista Espanhol
D E P DIPLOMACIA ESTRATÉGIA POLÍTICA Editor Carlos Henrique Cardim Correspondence address: Revista DEP P.O. Box 2431 Brasilia, DF – Brasil CEP 70842-970 [email protected] www.funag.gov.br/dep The DEP Diplomacy, Strategy & Politics Review is a three–monthly periodical on South American affairs published in Portuguese, Spanish and English. It comprises the Raul Prebisch Project and is sponsored by the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Relations (MRE/Funag Alexandre de Gusmão Foundation), the National Economic & Social Development Bank (Bndes), Eletrobrás, Petrobrás, Construtora Norberto Odebrecht S. A. and Andrade Gutierrez S. A. International Cataloguing in Publication Data DEP: Diplomacy, Strategy & Politics / Raúl Prebisch Project no. 4 (april/june 2006). Brasília : Raúl Prebisch Project, 2006. Three–monthly Published in portuguese, spanish and english. ISSN 1808-0499 1. South America. 2. Argentine, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela. I. Raúl Prebisch Project. CDU 327(05) DDIPLOMACIA E ESTRATÉGIA POLÍTICAP Number 4 April / June 2006 Summary Objectives and challenges of Argentina’s foreign policy 5 Jorge Taiana Bolivia, a force for integration 16 Evo Morales The brazilian economy’s challenges and prospects 27 Paulo Skaf Program of government (2006-2010) 44 Michelle Bachelet The trap of bilateralism 66 Germán Umaña Mendoza The Amazonian Cooperation Treaty Organisation 84 (Acto): a constant challenge Rosalía Arteaga Serrano Guyana – linking Brazil with the Caribbean: 100 potential meets opportunity Peter R. Ramsaroop Eric M. Phillips Objectives and challenges of Argentina’s foreign policy Paraguay’s political crossroads 118 Pedro Fadul The great transformation 131 Ollanta Humala Suriname: macro-economic overview, challenges 151 and prospects André E. -
El Libro Del Mar the Book of the Sea
ESTADO PLURINACIONAL DE BOLIVIA PLURINATIONAL STATE OF BOLIVIA EL LIBRO DEL MAR THE BOOK OF THE SEA EL LIBRO DEL MAR MINISTERIO DE RELACIONES EXTERIORES DE BOLIVIA | MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF BOLIVIA DIRECCIÓN ESTRATÉGICA DE REIVINDICACIÓN MARÍTIMA. DIREMAR | STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT FOR MARITIME VINDICATION EDICIÓN: Dirección Estratégica de Reivindicación Marítima - DIREMAR | EDITION: Strategic Maritime Vindication Office - DIREMAR Guardas: ALEGORÍA AL MAR BOLIVIANO (1963) del pintor Miguel Alandia Pantoja. Mural ubicado en la entrada del edificio principal del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de Bolivia Inner Cover: ALEGORÍA AL MAR BOLIVIANO (1963) by painter Miguel Alandia Pantoja Mural located at the main entrance of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs SEGUNDA EDICIÓN REVISADA - AGOSTO 2014 | SECOND EDITION REVISED - AUGUST 2014 DEPÓSITO LEGAL: 4-1-180-14 P.O. | LEGAL DEPOSIT: 4-1-180-14 P.O. ISBN(SPA): 978-99974-41-70-6 | ISBN(ENG): 978-99974-41-71-3 Se autoriza la reproducción total o parcial de este libro citando la fuente. Reproduction in whole or in part is permitted provided the source is acknowledged. La Paz, Bolivia 2014 | 2014 | EVO MORALES AYMA PRESIDENTE CONSTITUCIONAL DEL ESTADO PLURINACIONAL DE BOLIVIA CONSTITUTIONAL PRESIDENT OF THE PLURINATIONAL STATE OF BOLIVIA “El mar que pedimos por justicia, es un mar para los pueblos (…) el mar es para la Patria Grande; el mar para los bolivianos es irrenunciable, Bolivia jamás se va a quedar en paz hasta que no se resuelva este tema del mar, porque resolver estos temas es parte de la integración”. Evo Morales Ayma Discurso de 23 de marzo de 2014 (Anexo 20) PRESENTACIÓN Ha transcurrido más de un siglo desde que Chile invadió el Litoral boliviano y provocó la guerra entre tres pueblos hermanos, confinando a Bolivia a un forzado enclaustramiento geográfico.