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Coleoptera: Carabidae) Dinarskog Krša Ekologija i biogeografija odabranih endemskih epigejskih vrsta trčaka (Coleoptera: Carabidae) dinarskog krša Jambrošić Vladić, Željka Doctoral thesis / Disertacija 2020 Degree Grantor / Ustanova koja je dodijelila akademski / stručni stupanj: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science / Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Prirodoslovno-matematički fakultet Permanent link / Trajna poveznica: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:217:066658 Rights / Prava: In copyright Download date / Datum preuzimanja: 2021-10-04 Repository / Repozitorij: Repository of Faculty of Science - University of Zagreb PRIRODOSLOVNO-MATEMATIČKI FAKULTET BIOLOŠKI ODSJEK Željka Jambrošić Vladić EKOLOGIJA I BIOGEOGRAFIJA ODABRANIH ENDEMSKIH EPIGEJSKIH VRSTA TRČAKA (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) DINARSKOG KRŠA DOKTORSKI RAD Zagreb, 2020. PRIRODOSLOVNO-MATEMATIČKI FAKULTET BIOLOŠKI ODSJEK Željka Jambrošić Vladić EKOLOGIJA I BIOGEOGRAFIJA ODABRANIH ENDEMSKIH EPIGEJSKIH VRSTA TRČAKA (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) DINARSKOG KRŠA DOKTORSKI RAD Zagreb, 2020. FACULTY OF SCIENCE DIVISION OF BIOLOGY Željka Jambrošić Vladić ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF SEVERAL ENDEMIC EPIGEIC GROUND BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) FROM DINARIC KARST DOCTORAL THESIS Zagreb, 2020. Ovaj je doktorski rad izrađen na Zoologijskom zavodu Prirodoslovno-matematičkog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, pod vodstvom dr. sc. Lucije Šerić Jelaska, u sklopu Sveučilišnog poslijediplomskog doktorskog studija Biologije pri Biološkom odsjeku Prirodoslovno- matematičkog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. III ZAHVALA Iskreno hvala mojoj mentorici dr. sc. Luciji Šerić Jelaska na stručnom vodstvu tijekom studija te nesebičnoj pomoći tijekom izrade doktorske disertacije. Svojim znanjem, znanstvenim i stručnim iskustvom, savjetima, ali i prijateljskom podrškom uvelike je doprinijela izradi mog doktorskog rada. Posebnu zahvalu upućujem prof. dr. sc. Pauli Durbešić na ustupljenom materijalu za analize te prof. dr. sc. Svenu Jelaska na pomoći kod kartografskih prikaza rezultata. Veliko hvala prof. dr. sc. Božidaru Droveniku i njegovoj supruzi na ustupljenom materijalu za analize i na gostoprimstvu tijekom fotografiranja jedinki kukaca. Zahvaljujem i svim koautorima znanstvenih radova: prof. dr. sc. Hugo A. Benitez, izv. prof. dr. sc. Damjanu Franjeviću, dr. sc. Slavču Hristovski, dr. sc. Alji Pirnat i Hrvoju Radovanoviću, dipl. ing. čija su znanja i iskustva unaprijedila moj istraživački rad. Zahvaljujem i Andreji Gregorič, dipl. ing. na pomoći prilikom terenskih istraživanja kao i svim djelatnicima Nacionalnoga parka Risnjak. Dr. sc. Mišelu Jeliću, kustosu Entomološkog odjela Gradskog muzeja Varaždin, zahvaljujem na pomoći pri interpretaciji rezultata molekularnih analiza. Mojoj dragoj obitelji, majci, bratu i prijateljima zahvaljujem na ljubavi i podršci koju su mi pružili tijekom doktorskog studija. Najveću zahvalu upućujem svome suprugu Leonu na njegovoj potpori i pomoći u svakoj etapi doktorskog studija. Veliko hvala i mojoj malenoj „entomologinji“ Rajni koja me je pratila na sva moja terenska istraživanja i učinila ih pravim avanturističkim pothvatima. IV TEMELJNA DOKUMENTACIJSKA KARTICA Sveučilište u Zagrebu Prirodoslovno-matematički fakultet Doktorski rad Biološki odsjek Ekologija i biogeografija odabranih endemskih epigejskih vrsta trčaka (Coleoptera: Carabidae) dinarskog krša Željka Jambrošić Vladić Zoologijski zavod, Biološki odsjek, Prirodoslovno-matematički fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska Ciljevi ove disertacije bili su doprinijeti boljem poznavanju faune trčaka naše zemlje s posebnim naglaskom na biologiju i ekologiju endemskih vrsta, kombinacijom morfoloških i molekularnih metoda doprinijeti razrješavanju taksonomskih odnosa između odabranih endemskih vrsta roda Carabus te otkriti eventualne promjene u sastavu zajednica trčaka na području Nacionalnoga parka Risnjak nakon 25 godina. U ovom istraživanju po prvi puta smo koristili mitohondrijske sekvence dviju endemskih vrsta Carabus (Platycarabus) creutzeri, Carabus (Eucarabus) parreyssi te vrste Carabus (Eucarabus) ulrichii u rekonstrukciji filogenetskog stablo roda Carabus. Kombinacijom linijske morfometrije, geometrijske morfometrije i molekularnih analiza pokušali smo utvrditi filogenetske odnose unutar dviju sestrinskih endemskih vrsta roda Carabus – C. croaticus i C. caelatus te utvrditi stvaran broj podvrsta i fenotipskih varijanti. Predložen je značajno manji broj podvrsta, a metode geometrijske morfometrije i u ovom su se primjeru pokazale korisnima za intraspecijsko razdvajanje vrsta nadilazeći probleme linijske morfometrije. Analiza sastava zajednica trčaka u razmaku od 25 godina ukazala je na smanjenje broja planinskih specijalista i širenje generalista unutar Nacionalnoga parka Risnjak. Izostanak endemskih vrsta Molops alpestris, Pterostichus unctulatus i Trechus croaticus u ulovu naglašava važnost daljnjeg kontinuiranog praćenja stanja zajednica kornjaša s ciljem poduzimanja ispravnih i pravovremenih konzervacijskih mjera. (108 stranica, 17 slika, 129 literaturnih navoda, jezik izvornika hrvatski) Rad je pohranjen u središnjoj biološkoj knjižnici Prirodoslovno-matematičkog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Marulićev trg 20/II, 10000 Zagreb. Ključne riječi: Carabidae, taksonomski odnosi, endemske vrste, geometrijska morfometrija, molekularna filogenija, sastav zajednica. Mentor: dr. sc. Lucija Šerić Jelaska Ocjenjivači: prof. dr. sc. Mladen Kučinić prof. dr. sc. Ivana Maguire dr. sc. Milan Pernek Rad prihvaćen: V BASIC DOCUMENTATION CARD University of Zagreb Faculty of Science Doctoral thesis Department of Biology Ecology and biogeography of several endemic epigeic ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Dinaric karst Željka Jambrošić Vladić Division of Zoology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia Aims of this dissertation were to contribute to a better knowledge of the entomofauna of our country with special emphasis on the biology and ecology of endemic species, a combination of morphological and molecular methods to contribute to the resolution of taxonomic relationships between selected endemic species of the genus Carabus and to recognise possible changes in the composition of the carabids' assemblages in the Risnjak National Park after period of 25 years. For the first time, in this study, we used the mitochondrial sequences of two endemic species Carabus (Platycarabus) creutzeri, Carabus (Eucarabus) parreyssi and another Eucarabus species Carabus ulrichii in the reconstruction of the Carabus phylogenetic tree. Combining traditional morphometry, geometric morphometry and molecular analyses, we attempted to determine the phylogenetic relationships within two sister endemic species of the genus Carabus - C. croaticus and C. caelatus and to determine the true number of subspecies and phenotypic variants. A significantly smaller number of subspecies have been suggested, and geometric morphometric methods have also proved to be useful for intraspecific delimitation, overcoming traditional linear morphometry problems. An analysis of the carabids' assemblages after 25-years indicated a decrease in the number of mountain specialists and the spread of generalists within the Risnjak National Park. The absence of endemic species Molops alpestris, Pterostichus unctulatus and Trechus croaticus in the catch highlight the importance of further continuous monitoring of carabids' assemblages to take accurate and well-timed conservation measures. (108 pages, 17 figures, 129 references, original in Croatian) Thesis deposited in the Central Biological Library, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20/II, 10000 Zagreb. Keywords: Carabidae, taxonomy, endemic species, geometric morphometric, molecular philogeny, carabids' assemblages. Supervisor: Dr. Lucija Šerić Jelaska Reviewers: Dr. Mladen Kučinić, Prof. Dr. Ivana Maguire, Prof. Dr. Milan Pernek Thesis accepted: VI SADRŽAJ 1. UVOD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1.1. Biologija, ekologija i biogeografija trčaka --------------------------------------------------------- 2 1.2. Sistematika trčaka ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 1.2.1. Sistematika roda Carabus --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 1.3. Odabrane endemske epigejske vrste trčaka dinarskog krša --------------------------------- 7 1.4. Područje i metode istraživanja ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 1.4.1. Područje istraživanja ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 1.4.2. Metode uzorkovanja ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 1.5. Morfološke analize – linearna (LM) i geometrijska morfometrija (GMM) --------------- 13 1.6. Molekularne analize ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 1.7. Uloga trčaka u konzervacijskoj biologiji ------------------------------------------------------------- 17 1.8. Hipoteze i ciljevi istraživanja ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18 2. ZNANSTVENI RADOVI --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20 2.1. Popis znanstvenih radova --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21 ZNANSTVENI RAD BR. 1
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