Paul E. Tiiden

United Stales Depa~mentsf Agriculture

Forest Service

Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station

P.O. Box 245 Berkeley California 94701

Research Note PSW-374 May 1985 Paul E. Tiiden

he mountain pine beetle (Den- effective as lindane in reducing emer- Tdroctonus po~zderosae Hopkins gence of mountain pine beetle from- [Coleoptera: Scolytidae]) has caused infested lodgepole pine bolts. significant mortality of lodgepole pine (Pinus conlorta Dougl. var. Zat~~lE'a Engelm.) in western North America,' MATERIALS AND METHODS resulting in ecological and management problems.2 Remedial control of The study was done during summer the mountain pine beetle has been 1983 on the Dillon Ranger District, done since the early 119009s.3A variety near Dillon, Colorado. The initial ex- of toxic chemicals has been used since perimental design was to randomly the 1930'~~with water emulsions of assign one bolt from each of B trees to Tilden, Paul E. Remedial treatment of lodge- 1 polepine infested with mountain pine bee- ethylene dibromide4 and lindane5 being each of 10 treatments, and two bolts tle: eflcacy ofthree insecticides. Res. Note the most recent treatments.6 The U.S. from the ll trees (for an estimate of PSW-37%. Berkeley, CA: Pacific South- Environmental Protection Agency within-tree variance) to an untreated west Forest and Range Experiment Sta- (EPA) has cancelled registration of check, for a total of 110 treated bolts tion, Forest Service, U.S. Department of ethylene dibromide as felled log fum- Agriculture; 1985. 4 p. a and 22 bolts for the check. Of the 1.5 Lindane is registered for remedial control igant to control bark beetles.7 Al- trees felled on June 28, however, only of bark beetles; however, forestry uses are though the EPA has retained registra- 10 were sufficiently infested to provide controversial and alternative chemicals are tion of lindane for bark beetle control,8 I I or more 30-cm-long bolts, 15 to 25 needed. Chlorpyrifos (Dursban 4E), carbaryl forestry uses of lilndane are controver- cm in diameter. Developmental stages (Sevimol 4), and fenitrothion (Sumithion sial.' Therefore, alternatives to ethy- 8E) at 1, 2, and 4 pct active ingredient, and of the beetles, checked by chipping lindane at the registered dosage of 0.6 pct lene dibromide and lindane are needed. away small pieces of bark, were late were sprayed on lodgepole pine (Pinus con- This note describes a field study of larvae, pupae, and callow adults. One torts Dougl. var. latvolia Engelm.) bolts in- three insecticides-chlorpyrifos, car- bolt from each of the 10 trees plus one fested with mountain pine beetles (Dendroc- baryl, and fenitrothion-for remedial additional bolt chosen from trees with lonus ponderosae Hopkins) in Colorado. Mean survival ratios (n=10) of the propor- control of the mountain pine beetle, in more than 11 bolts, were randomly tions of beetles emerging from treated bolts the White River National Forest, Col- assigned to each treatment. to the proportion emerging from control orado. Infested bolts were sprayed Insecticides were chosen on the basis bolts indicated that chlorpyrifos and fenitro- with the insecticides at three different of contact toxicitylo$ll and remedial tkion at 2 and 4 pct were about as effective as concentrations and with lindane at the efficacy12 against other bark beetles. lindane in reducing emergence. registered dosage of 0.6 pct active The treatments were chlorpyrifos Retrieval Terms: mountain pine beetle, ingredient. Numbers of beetles emerg- (Dursban 4E), carbaryl (Sevimol 41, Dendroctonusponderosae, insecticide, reme- ing from bolts were compared between and fenitrothion (Sumithion 8E) each dial control, Dursban, Sevimol, Sumithion, treatments and untreated checks. at 1,2, and 4 pet active ingredient (a.i.), chlorpyrifos, carbaryl, fenitrothion, White River National Forest, Colorado Chlorpyrifos and fenitsothion at 2 and plus lindane at 0.6 pet a.i.-the regis- 4 pct active ingredient were about as tered treatment. 13 Dursban 4E at 2 pct

I I NOTES I Cklorpyr~fos 1 pet ------IMcGregor, Mark. The cture~lfsituation of the mountain piare heefle in he United Stales a~zdfhe resources involved In: Proceedings of the joint Canada-United States workshop on mountain pine beetle related problems in west- Cklsrpyfifos 4 pcl ern North America. BC-X-238. Victoria, Be: Pacific Forest Research Centre, Canadian For- Carbery-yl 1 pct estry Service, Environment Canada; 1982: 16-2 1. ZWellner, Charles A, Managemen; problems resultingfio~nmountain pine beetles in lodgepole pine forest. In: Theory and practice of mountain pine beetle management in Lodgepole Carboy1 4 pet pine forests; symposium proceedings; 1978 April 25-27; Pullman, WA. Moscow, ID: Forest, Fenikdthion 1 p~8 Wildlife and Range Experiment Station, Uni- versity of Idaho; 1978: 9-15. Fenitrothion 2 pc$ 3KMln, William W. Stratqies and lartics for reducing losses in lodgepole pine ro moui"~tain Fenitrothion 4 pct pine beetle by chemical and mecizavlical means. In: Theory and practice of mountain pine beetle management in lodgepole pine forests; syrnpo- sium proceedings; 1978 April 25-27; Pullman, ---4 --*2 0 *2 *3 .4 ,5 ,7 --*5 -.3 -,I .I WA. Moscow, ID: Forest, Wildlife and Range Mean difference Experiment Station, University of Idaho; 1978: 148-158. Figure 3---Mean differences in survival ra- 4Stevens, Robert E. E112yterae ~iibrornickemu/-. tios and 95 percent simultaneous confi- sion spray for conlroE ofthe mounrai~lpine bee- dence inbervals between nine insecticide tle in locdgepole pine. Wes. Note 122. Berkeley, treatments and lindane at 0.6 pct a.i. Two CA: Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Exper- vertical lines delimit a mean difference of0 + iment Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department 0.2 between iindane and another treatment. of Agriculture; 1957. 3 p. SStevens, Robert E.; Mitchell, James @. Lindane spray effective against tnountaira piuse beetle irz the Rocky Mounrains. Res. Note RM- 167. Fort Collins, Ce): Rocky Mountaial Forest the other seven treatments were greater from environmental effects, such as and Range Experiment Station, Forest Service. than that for lindane (iable I). HE, for rain and external predators, may also U.S. Department of Agriculture; 1970. 4 p. example, an absolute difference in sur- have resulted in overestimation of This publication neither recommends the vival ratios of 0.2 is biologically mean- emergence. Fumigation effects in the pesticide uses reported, nor implies tlnas they boxes could have resulted in underes- have been registered by the appropriate govern- ingful, then chlorpyrifos and fenitso- mental agencies. thion at 2 and 4 pct a.i, did not differ timation of emergence from treated 7Federal Register. Ethylene dibromiclt.; inlent from lindane, the three carbaryl treat- bolts. lo cancel regis frations ofpeslici&protdu& con- ments were not more effective than lairzing ethvlerze dibronzide; determination con- lindane, and the evidence for chlorpy- cluding the Webutrlable Presuwzption Agairzsz Registration; availability of Posieion Document. rifos and fenitrothion at l pet was Fed. Regist. 48(I97): $6234-46248; 1983 October inconclusive (fig. I). CONCLUSIONS 11. I examined the cardboard boxes Federal Register. hzlent to cuncel pesticide that held the bolts and could find no Chlorpyrifos and fenitrothion at 2 products containing lind~pre;denin! of~wlicn- beetle emergence holes. The plastic and 4 pct a.i. were about as effective as "onsfor ofpes*k.ideprodzrciscon- Zaining !indone; dererminniz'on concludirzg the emergence traps appeared to be an lindane at the registered dosage of 0.6 Reburlable Presumprio,i efficient way to estimate emergence pct a.i. in reducing emergence of moun- avoilabilir-yofPosition Docun2enl. Fed. Regist. from a bolt, and to obtain a relative tain pine beetles from lodgepole pine. .$8(203): 48512-49522; 2983 October 19. measure of the effectiveness of the Other factors, such as cost, persis- gKoerber, Thomas W., compiler. Linciane in treatments. Counting the number of tence, and effects on other organisms, foresrv' - . a conrroveKyl.-Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-14. Berkeley, CA: Pacific beetles in the plastic traps may have should also be considered before rec- Forest and Range Sta- overestimated the number of beetles ommending chemicals as alternatives tion, Forest Service, U.S. of Aari-- able to fly and attack trees, because to lindane for remedial control of bark culture; 1976. 30 p. mortalitad of beetles held 48 to 72. hours beetles. In future studies, the width of iOLyon, Robert L. Contact toxicizy of 17 after emergence from bolts treated confidence intervals could be reduced ropicaliy adult hrk beetles. Res. Note PSW-249. Berkeley, CA:Pacific with an insecticide is usually greater by increasing the sample size and by and Range Sta- than that for beetles emerging from choosing a lower level of confidence, tion, Forest Service, U.S. of Agri- untreated bolts.s*lz Shielding bolts such as 98 percent. culmre; 197 1. 3 p. IlHastings, Felton L.; Jones, Alice S. Corztacr cacy against southernpine beetleadults. J. Econ. 14Jones, Davy. Use, misuse, and role gmulfi- rox-iciij,qf23 inseclicldes lo sourhernpine beetle Eneomol. 73(5): 436-7323; 1980 October. pie-comparison procedures in ecological and aclzdts. Res. NoteSE-245.Asheville,NC: South- 13Dursban provided by Dow Chemical agricultural entomology. Environ. Entornol. eastern Forest Experiment Station, Forest Ser- U.S.A., and Sumithion provided by Sumitorno 13(3): 635-649: 1984 June. vice, U.S. Department of Agriculture; 1996.4 p. Chemical America, Inc. Trade names and com- mercial enterprises are mentioned solely for Vages 67-70 in Miller, Rupert J., Jr. Simu2- '"ones, A. S.; Hastings, F. L.; Kislow, C. J. information. No endorsement by the U.S. De- taneous statistical iuference. 2d ed. New York: Et~aluationof 12 inseclicaides for remedial efj- partment of Agriculture is implied. Springer-Verlag; 198 1. 299 p.

PAUL E. TiLDEN is research entomologist with the Station's unit headquartered in Berkeley studying the biology and control of insects in western forests. He holds a B.A. degree in general curriculum (1956) and an M.S. degree in entomology (1976) from the University of California, Berkeley. He has been with the Station since 1967.