Adapted Physical Education and Sport, 6E
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Contents Preface Legislation: A Major Influence on This Book New Features in This Edition Continuing Features Parts of the Book Closing Acknowledgments Accessing the Web Resource Part I: Foundational Topics in Adapted Physical Education and Sport Chapter 1: Introduction to Adapted Physical Education and Sport Joseph P. Winnick Meaning of Adapted Physical Education Adapted Sport Planning: Purposes, Aims, Goals, and Objectives Service Providers Brief History of Adapted Physical Education Inclusion Movement Litigation Laws Important to Adapted Physical Education and Sport History of Adapted Sport Periodicals Organizations Summary Chapter 2: Program Organization and Management Joseph P. Winnick Program and Curriculum Planning Administrative Areas Related to Program Organization and Management Human Resources General Program Evaluation Summary Chapter 3: Adapted Sport Ronald W. Davis Legislative Background Sport Framework for Individuals With Disabilities Working Through Special Education and General Physical Education Services to Address Sport Organizational Structure of Adapted Sport: National and International Competition: Paralympic Games, Warrior Games, and Sports Classification Summary Chapter 4: Measurement, Assessment, and Program Evaluation Manny Felix and Garth Tymeson Terminology Standards for Assessment Testing and Assessment in Adapted Physical Education Test Instruments Used in Adapted Physical Education Program Evaluation Summary Chapter 5: Individualized Education Programs Manny Felix and Garth Tymeson Overview of Individualized Programs Students With Disabilities: The IEP Document Components of the IEP Development of the IEP Section 504 and the Accommodation Plan Students Without Disabilities Who Have Unique Needs Summary Chapter 6: Behavior Management E. Michael Loovis Applied Behavior Analysis Types of Reinforcers Schedules of Reinforcement Procedures for Increasing Behavior Procedures for Decreasing Behavior Uses of Applied Behavior Analysis in Physical Education and Sport Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports Other Approaches Summary Chapter 7: Instructional Strategies for Adapted Physical Education Douglas H. Collier Philosophical Approaches to Adapted Physical Education and Sport Systematic Teaching: How to Facilitate Motor Learning Meeting Individual Differences Assistive Technology Curricular Options: What to Teach? Activity Modifications Teaching Style Class Format Discrete Trial Teaching Task Analysis Using Support Services Summary Part II: Individuals With Unique Needs Chapter 8: Intellectual Disabilities Lauren K. Cavanaugh Definition, Classification, and Incidence Causes of Intellectual Disabilities Cognitive Development Characteristics of Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities Down Syndrome Assessment Organizational Methods Instructional Methods Activities Strategies for Inclusion Special Olympics Paralympic Games for Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities Safe Participation Summary Chapter 9: Behavioral Disabilities E. Michael Loovis Nature of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders Causes of Behavioral Disorders General Implications for Physical Education and Sport Specific Approaches for Physical Education and Sport PBIS: Secondary and Tertiary Interventions and Supports Inclusion Summary Chapter 10: Autism Spectrum and Social Communication Disorders Cathy Houston-Wilson History of Autism Spectrum Disorder Autism Etiology Incidence Physical and Motor Characteristics General Educational Approaches Implications for Physical Education Managing Behavior Inclusion Summary Chapter 11: Specific Learning Disabilities Barry W. Lavay What Is a Specific Learning Disability? Behaviors Present Unique Challenges General Educational Approaches Recommendations for Teaching Physical Education and Sport Summary Chapter 12: Visual Impairments Lauren J. Lieberman Definition of Visual Impairment Causes of Vision Loss Characteristics of People With Visual Impairments Teaching Students With Visual Impairments in Inclusive Physical Education Sports for Athletes With Visual Impairments Summary Chapter 13: Hard of Hearing, Deaf, or Deafblind Lauren J. Lieberman Definitions of Hearing Loss Types and Causes of Hearing Loss Characteristics of Students With Hearing Loss General Considerations for Teaching Physical Education to Students With Hearing Loss Teaching Considerations for Students With Cochlear Implants Inclusion Strategies for Teaching Students With Hearing Loss Deafblindness Sport Opportunities Summary Chapter 14: Cerebral Palsy, Traumatic Brain Injury, and Stroke David L. Porretta Cerebral Palsy Traumatic Brain Injury Stroke Program Implications Inclusion Adapted Sport Summary Chapter 15: Amputations, Dwarfism, and Les Autres David L. Porretta Amputations Dwarfism Les Autres Program Implications Inclusion Adapted Sport Summary Chapter 16: Spinal Cord Disabilities Luke E. Kelly Classifications Spinal Cord Injuries Spinal Column Deviations Orthotic Devices Implications for Physical Education Inclusion Adapted Sport Activities Summary Chapter 17: Other Health Impairment Conditions Francis M. Kozub Diabetes Mellitus Seizure Disorders Asthma Cancer Cardiovascular Disorders Anemia AIDS and HIV Tourette Syndrome Inclusion Summary Chapter 18: Students With Other Special Conditions: Injuries, Longer-Term Disabilities, and Obesity Christine B. Stopka Activity Injuries and Rehabilitative Exercises Suggested Adapted Physical Activities for Longer-Term Disorders Obesity Summary Part III: Developmental Considerations Chapter 19: Motor Development John C. Ozmun and David L. Gallahue Motor Development Defined Categories of Movement Motor Development as a Dynamic System Phases of Motor Development Summary Chapter 20: Perceptual–Motor Development Barry W. Lavay Overview of the Perceptual–Motor Process Sensory Systems Summary Chapter 21: Infants and Toddlers Cathy Houston-Wilson Legislation and Implications for Intervention Services Teachers of Early Childhood Adapted Physical Education Assessment Goals, Objectives, and Activities of Motor Programs for Infants and Toddlers Goals, Objectives, and Activities of Motor Programs for Infants and Toddlers With Unique Needs Developmentally Appropriate Interactions With Infants and Toddlers Interacting With Families Summary Chapter 22: Early Childhood Adapted Physical Education Lauriece L. Zittel and So-Yeun Kim Identifying Young Children With Developmental Delays Assessment of Performance Early Childhood Program Standards and Learning Objectives Planning for Instruction Developmentally Appropriate Teaching Approaches Activities Summary Part IV: Activities for Individuals With Unique Needs Chapter 23: Health-Related Physical Fitness and Physical Activity Francis X. Short Types of Physical Activity, Health, and Fitness Physical Fitness and Health Physical Activity and Health-Related Physical Fitness Physical Activity and Health Summary Chapter 24: Rhythmic Movement and Dance Boni B. Boswell Teaching Dance: What Is It? Teaching Dance: What Is It Not? Selection of Age-Appropriate Content Rhythmic Movements Creative Educational Dance Structured Dance Dance and Rhythm for Students With Autism Inclusion Summary Chapter 25: Aquatics Pamela Arnhold and Monica Lepore Benefits of Adapted Aquatics General Teaching Suggestions Aquatic Assessment Adapted Swimming Skills Orientation to Water Facility and Equipment Considerations Meeting Participants’ Unique Needs Swimming as a Competitive Sport Other Aquatic Activities Inclusion in Aquatic Activities Summary Chapter 26: Team Sports David L. Porretta Getting Involved Basketball Floor Hockey American Football Soccer Softball Volleyball Goalball Quad Rugby Inclusion Summary Chapter 27: Individual, Dual, and Adventure Sports and Activities E. Michael Loovis Tennis Table Tennis Badminton Angling Archery Bowling Boccia Fencing Horseback Riding Gymnastics Wrestling and Judo Golf Powerlifting Cycling Track and Field Adventure Activities Inclusion Summary Chapter 28: Winter Sport Activities Luke E. Kelly Value of Winter Sport Alpine Skiing Snowboarding Cross-Country Skiing Competitive Skiing for People With Disabilities Ice-Skating Sledding and Tobogganing Snowshoeing Hockey Curling Inclusion Summary Chapter 29: Enhancing Wheelchair Sport Performance Victoria L. Goosey-Tolfrey and Barry S. Mason Athlete and Wheelchair: A Systems Approach Combining the Athlete and the Wheelchair Future Directions Summary Appendix A Infant or Toddler With a Disability Children With Disabilities Appendix B Multisport Organizations Unisport Organizations International Organizations General and Other Online Resources Appendix C Aerobic Functioning Body Composition Musculoskeletal Functioning The Brockport Physical Fitness Test Manual Appendix D Introduction Use and Interpretation of the Scores About the Editors About the Contributors Author Index Subject Index Legislation: A Major Influence on This Book This book helps schools and agencies to develop and implement physical education and sport programs for students with disabilities consistent with federal legislation, as well as students with other unique needs. Many factors shape the emphasis, approach, content, and organization of a book. This book is influenced by original and current versions of landmark laws: the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA). The current version of the law continues to be referred to by many as IDEA; this sixth edition also still refers to the current law as IDEA. These laws were originally signed in 1975