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A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Talent Identification and Development in Paralympic Sports Perceptions and Opinions of Athletes, Coaches and Officials

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A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Talent Identification and Development in Paralympic Sports Perceptions and Opinions of Athletes, Coaches and Officials SABINE RADTKE & GUDRUN DOLL-TEPPER A cross-cultural comparison of talent identification and development in Paralympic sports Perceptions and opinions of athletes, coaches and officials August 2014 Dr. Sabine Radtke leitet derzeit als Vertretungsprofessorin den Arbeitsbereich Sozialwissenschaften des Sports an der Justus- Liebig-Universität Gießen. Ihre Forschungsschwerpunkte lie- gen u. a. in den Bereichen Paralympischer Sport sowie Inklu- 2014 | 02 sion im Sport. Dr. Sabine Radtke ⋅ Prof. Dr. Gudrun Doll-Tepper Prof. Dr. Gudrun Doll-Tepper ist Hochschullehrerin an der FU Berlin; sie leitet den Arbeitsbereich Integrationspädagogik, Be- Nachwuchsgewinnung wegung und Sport und forscht seit vielen Jahren im Bereich des Sports von Menschen mit einer Behinderung. und -förderung im paralympischen Sport Spitzenleistungen sowohl im paralympischen als auch im olympischen Sport Ein internationaler Systemvergleich unter Berücksichtigung der sind das Ergebnis systematischer nationaler Förderpolitik, die in die gesell- Athleten-, Trainer- und Funktionärsperspektive schaftlichen, kulturellen und sportstrukturellen Rahmenbedingungen eines Landes eingebettet ist. Im Hinblick auf den zentralen Bereich von Nachwuchs- gewinnung und -förderung sind in vielerlei Hinsicht Unterschiede zwischen Nichtbehinderten- und Behindertensport auszumachen. Im vorliegenden Buch werden im Rahmen einer empirischen Analyse die Systembedingungen für eine erfolgreiche Nachwuchsgewinnung und -förderung in fünf paralympi- schen Sportarten in den Ländern Kanada, USA und UK untersucht. Dabei wird die Perspektive von Athleten, Trainern und Funktionären aus den drei Ländern berücksichtigt. Nachwuchsgewinnung und -förderung im paralympischen Sport im paralympischen -förderung und Nachwuchsgewinnung 2014 | 02 NAME DER SCHRIFTENREIHE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to acknowledge the numerous partners and colleagues who have provided extraordinary support to our work. We are grateful to the Federal Institute of Sport Science (BISp)1 in Bonn and the Fürst Donnersmark Foundation in Berlin for supporting this research. The research would not have been possible without the 64 athletes, coaches and officials we interviewed across the UK, Canada and the USA. Their contribution and the dialogue we had with them greatly enriched our analysis and the book we have now written. Many thanks to Julia Reiner and Jeff Purchla who provided excellent transcriptions of the interviews throughout the research. We would also like to thank all those who have participated in our online survey. We are grateful for statistical support provided by fu:stat at the Freie Universität Berlin. Finally we would like to thank Gerald Nixon and Verena Pflieger for the translation of the research report into English and Jeff Purchla for the translation of the German version of the questionnaire into English. Sabine Radtke & Gudrun Doll-Tepper 1 Grant number: IIA1-080404/10-11 Contents List of tables .................................................................................................................................................................. 3 List of figures ................................................................................................................................................................. 4 1 Introduction and issues ................................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Germany’s structural disadvantages as regards talent recruitment and development in high- performance disability sports .......................................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Advantages of foreign systems ......................................................................................................................... 6 2 Overview of the state of research ................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 International comparison of elite sport funding, taking special account of measures to recruit and develop new talent .......................................................................................................................................... 8 2.2 The current controversy between sports scientists and sports practitioners over the structure of talent development in German high-performance sport ................................................................................. 9 2.3 The state of research on high-performance disability sport ..........................................................................10 3 The special features of high-performance disability sport in the context of talent identification and development ..........................................................................................................................................12 4 Defining the aim and the issues underlying the study ..................................................................................15 5 The selection of countries .............................................................................................................................16 6 The challenges of international comparative research ................................................................................18 7 Theoretical frame of reference ......................................................................................................................21 8 Methodological procedures ..........................................................................................................................23 8.1 Research phase 1: document analysis and exploratory interview study ........................................................23 8.2 Research phase 2: online survey ....................................................................................................................32 9 Results ...........................................................................................................................................................37 9.1 Description of the overall structures of high-performance disability sport in the three countries taking into special consideration the structures of talent identification and development .....................37 9.2 Results of the qualitative interview study .....................................................................................................54 9.2.1 Aims ..................................................................................................................................................54 9.2.2 Human Resources ..............................................................................................................................68 9.2.3 Financial resources ............................................................................................................................81 9.2.4 Infrastructural resources, notably in terms of cooperation with schools and rehabilitation centres ........................................................................................................................94 Contents 9.2.5 Commitments .................................................................................................................................106 9.2.6 Evaluation: current challenges and the need for action .................................................................124 9.3 Results of the online survey .........................................................................................................................126 9.3.1 Reliability analysis ...........................................................................................................................126 9.3.2 Regression analysis .........................................................................................................................139 9.3.3 Comparison of the quality features across countries .....................................................................145 10 Concluding discussion of the results ..........................................................................................................156 10.1 The structures of disability sport in the countries under study – a comparison ...........................................156 10.2 Quality features of Talent Identification and Talent Development in the three countries .......................156 10.2.1 Comparison of aims .........................................................................................................................156 10.2.2 Comparison of human resources.....................................................................................................157 10.2.3 Comparison of financial resources ..................................................................................................159 10.2.4 Comparison of infrastructural resources .........................................................................................160 10.2.5 Comparison of commitments .........................................................................................................161 10.2.6 Comparison of current challenges ...................................................................................................162 10.3 Investigation of the quality features of Talent Identification and Talent Development in the three countries ......................................................................................................................................163 10.3.1 Investigation
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