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South Sudan Civil War Letter from the Secretary General

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South Sudan Civil War Letter from the Secretary General 3 Table of Content: South Sudan Civil War Letter from the Secretary General UNSC Background................................................................... Guide ...... - 2 2 Security Council Table of Content: Letter of the Secretary General.............................................................................................. ..3 Letter from the Committee Director.......................................................................................4 History of the Security Council.............................................................................................. ..5 History of the Country..............................................................................................................6 Background of the Conflict................................................................................................... ...8 Current Situation....................................................................................................................1 1 Possible Solutions........................................................................................................... .........12 Question a Resolution Must Answers (QARMAS) ...........................................................12 Guidelines for Position Papers..........................................................................................1 3 Bibliography........................................................................................................................1 4 Newton College Model United Nations 3 Security Council LETTER FROM THE SECRETARY-GENERAL Dear Delegates and Faculty Advisors, Santiago Bustamante Secretary-General Welcome to NewMUN 2019! Before anything, I would like to wish you the best of luck in this two-day conference which is going to bring together the best MUN delegates from Lima. I am sure that I will Santiago Ortiz witness the highest level of debate at this conference. Under-Secretary-General and ECOSOC Committee Director More than as a MUNer, but as a responsible citizen, I understand that Carlos Urrunaga the global issues in our world must be solved by the international DISEC Committee Director community. I also understand that MUN delegates don't have the capabilities to take the decisions to change the world, but at least we have the capacity to outrage ourselves when seeing that something is Ainhoa Ceballos not working for our well-being. That capacity to go out and speak for SOCHUM Committee Director your beliefs, to stand up and raise the flag of your country demanding for consensus, demanding for peace, demanding for the well-being of Juan Pablo Muñoz everyone. That capacity is the only way in which countries can move FABC Committee Director forward, and it is the only way in which we will contribute to building a better world. Maybe a little visionary but is the truth. Juan Diego Rodriguez HGA Committee Director This year, the Newton team has decided to increase the number of committees in order to have a MUN conference of the best quality. The Marina Velasco and Sebastian Alvino topics that we have chosen tackle issues from the past, present, and JCC Directos future, therefore presenting a challenge for delegates to combine their knowledge and application to reach solutions. In many of the committees, Directors have been prepared to take the flow of the Francisco Lyon committee to a maximum moment of crisis in order to assess the Fantastic Crisis Committee Director networking and negotiating skill from delegates. Jorge Fiestas Press Director I will just like to leave you the message, that the only way to be successful is to give your best. As Eric Thomas once said: "You will be ------------------------------------------------- successful when you want something as hard as you want to breath". Diego Meza Security Council Committee Director I wish you the best of luck in your committees and hope you have an amazing time in NewMUN 2019! Alessia Mazuelos Assistant Director Sincerely, Santiago Bustamante Santiago Luna Secretary-General Assistant Director Newton College Model United Nations 4 Security Council LETTER FROM THE DIRECTOR Dear delegates, Santiago Bustamante Welcome to the Security Council Committee. My name is Diego Secretary General Meza, and I am grateful for being your committee director for NewMUN 2019. This actually is not my first time as a chair, though it Santiago Ortiz is my first time as the Committee Director. Under Secretary General and ECOSOC Committee Director I am 18 years old, last year I finished the IB Diploma at Newton College, and I am currently enrolled at Universidad del Pacifico in the Faculty of Finance and Economics (while I am waiting for the results Carlos Urrunaga of my applications to universities abroad). Throughout my life I've DISEC Committee Director always had an interest in both politics and world history, spending a portion of my free time reading about past wars, revolutions and also Ainhoa Ceballos about economics and different political ideologies. SOCHUM Committee Director My “MUN career” started when I was in Form III, and since then I have continued participating in both national and international Juan Pablo Muñoz conferences. I attended the Harvard MUN conference both in 2018 FABC Committee Director and 2019. I first participated as a double delegate and this year as a single delegate. Juan Diego Rodriguez I consider that Model United Nations is one of the very few activities, HGA Committee Director which is able to make someone reach its full potential in many aspects of their academic and social life. Marina Velasco and Sebastian Alvino JCC Directors I must admit that at first, I started participating in MUN as a nice addition to my curriculum. Colleges take notice of students who are active in these types of activities. However, after going to different Francisco Lyon conferences and winning awards, it really felt different, even though I sacrificed some of my weekends, but I believe that I was worth it. Fantastic Crisis Committee Director During MUN you are able to learn how to network with delegates that Jorge Fiestas might not have th e same perspective as your delegation, you can also Press Director improve how to speak in public and how to make your ideas connect with your audience. However, MUN is not just about winning awards, ------------------------------------------------- but it's also about having fun, but at the same time giving the best of yourself to defend the position of the country that you are representing. Diego Meza Security Council Committee Director Please do not hesitate to reach out to me with any questions that may arise from now until the conference. I wish you the best of luck and hope you enjoy during this committee. I am looking forward to make Alessia Mazuelos history with you. Assistant Director Santiago Luna Best of luck, Assistant Director Diego Meza Security Council Director 5 Security Council Headquarters in New York City. The sitting History of the Security Council countries must have a representative present at the headquarters at all times in case the The United Nations Security Council is one of Security Council has to meet to address any the six main bodies of the United Nations. It need that may arise. was created on October 24, 1945 when the victors of World War II came together to ratify a UN charter that created the Security Council. The five countries that ratified the charter established themselves as the permanent members of the Security Council and gave themselves the unique power of vetoing resolutions: China, the U.S.S.R., France, the The Charter of 1945 established that the United Kingdom, and the United States. This Council’s primary goal is to “investigate any means that for any given resolution to pass all dispute, or any situation which might lead to five of these nations must either vote for the international friction or give rise to a dispute, resolution or abstain from voting. in order to determine whether the continuance At first, six temporary members that were of the dispute or situation is likely to endanger geographically dispersed also sat on the the maintenance of international peace and Council and would rotate every two years, but security”. To do this, the Security Council that number was increased to ten in 1965 and possesses many resources and powers. When the regional quotas became more explicit: five there is a potential threat to peace that is nations from Africa and Asia, one from Eastern brought before the Council, the first goal of the Europe, two from Latin America and the Council is to help the parties reach a peaceful Caribbean, and two from Western Europe. agreement. The courses of action the Council Each of these members has one vote, and in may take include setting forth principles for “procedural” matters, the decisions are passed such an agreement, undertaking investigation by nine affirmative votes. The first session of and mediation, dispatching a mission, the Security Council was held January 17, 1946 appointing special envoys, or requesting the in Westminster, London, but has since been Secretary- General to use his good offices to permanently held at the United Nations achieve a pacific settlement of the dispute. If 6 Security Council these potential threats lead to violence, the about 600 ethnic groups speaking over 400 Council is to bring peace to the conflict as soon languages. as possible. This may be through issuing a The north was (and continues to be) ceasefire directive that can help prevent an predominately Muslim, while the
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